England - The first efforts of community organizing began in England
Elizabethan Poor Law (1601) - It was created to provide services to the needy.
Octavia Hill (Social Housing)
- She is significant in the history of social work because she rejected charitable alms.
- Her motive was to provide help without alms, arguing that charity tended to be
resented and served to keep people on the margins of poverty (Smith, 2008).
CHARITY ORGANIZATION SOCIETY (COS) 1869
- Was organized to overcome chaos and lack of coordination between many charitable
church groups and private agencies.
- It addressed two issues:
1. Families who struggled to keep themselves from extreme poverty should be helped
and encouraged.
2. Charities should be organized and coordinated to maximize resources (Roof, 1972).
The core objective of COS - was to address the cycle of poverty rather than simply providing
relief, community organization was its most important aspect.
SETTLEMENT HOUSE (1884)
- Toynbee Hall - the first settlement house founded by Samuel and Henrietta Barnett.
SOCIAL RESEARCH (1886)
- Charles Booth - Hired people to look into the real conditions of thousands of employed
workers’ families.
- His research proved that it’s not the fault of the people why they’re poor.
- He created a Poverty Map that shows the social status of people.
UNITED STATES (1865-1914)
- CO during this period can be divided into 2 categories:
- Those that were supported by people or organizations
- Those that were carried out by individuals without direct ties to current community
organization.
UNITED STATES (1929-1954)
- Social issues such as great depression, government service, and growth of unionism.
PHILIPPINES (Pre-colonial Era)
- Barangay came from the word “Balangay” which means “boat”.
- The Babaylan was considered as welfare worker or community organizer.
- These series of revolutions resulted in the formation of the Katipunan. The Katipunan
became the national revolutionary movement.
AMERICAN PERIOD (1899-1946)
- In 1908, the Philippine General Hospital was established.
- In February 5, 1915, Legislative Act No. 2510 created a government coordinating
agency known as the Public Welfare Board. It aimed to adopt a more systematic
implementation of social welfare services.
- Asociacion de Damas Filipinas was organized by a group of civic spirited women,
mostly wives of members of the First Philippine Columbian Club in September 29, 1913.
- Associated Charities of Manila was founded on August 16, 1917, to centralize and
systematize the activities of different charitable institutions in Manila and to raise funds
for their support.
Colonial Legacies to Philippine Social Welfare
- Spanish Welfare Initiatives - Hospitals and Orphanages
- American Welfare Initiatives - Public Health and Public Education
JAPANESE OCCUPATION (1942)
- Women’s participation in the war was exemplified by the Angels of Charity. Women
stood at the roadside to give food, clothing, multivitamin tablets as the Death Marchers
passed through every town from Bataan.
- Philippine War Relief (US) Inc. was organized for the purpose of providing prompt aid
to the people of the Philippines immediately after liberation.
- HUKBALAHAP or Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon was founded.
- Hukbong Mapagpalaya ng Bayan (HMB), another grassroots movement was born to
continue the fight for freedom and social wellbeing.
MANUEL ROXAS (1947)
- Bureau of Public Welfare was reorganized into the Social Welfare Commission though
Order No. 94.
-
On November 12, 1947, the Philippine Association of Social Workers (PASW) and
was incorporated on April 18, 1948. It contributed greatly to the social welfare practice.
CO in 1948-1960
- On August 18, 1948, President Quirino issued Administrative Order No. 68 that created
the President’s Action Committee on Social Amelioration (PACSA) - which was
charged with the duty of giving relief assistance to the hungry, the homeless, the
sick, and the victims of dissident depredations and violence.
- Social work was first recognized as a profession in the Philippines (1952-1953).
CO during Martial Law
- Marcos declared martial law in the form of Proclamation 1081 over the entire country on
September 21, 1972.
- Create a New Society
- The Saul Alinsky method of conflict-confrontation was adapted to conditions in Tondo
which resulted to the birth of Zone One Tondo Organization (ZOTO).
- also known as Samahan ng Mamamayan-ZOTO is a federation of urban poor
community groups based in relocation sites and areas for demolition in the Philippines.
