Chapter 1
Heat capacity and modes of transfer of Heat
1. What is the unit of specific heat capacity?
a) Joule
b) Joule per kilogram per kelvin
c) Watt per kelvin
d) Newton per meter
2. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C is
called:
a) Latent heat
b) Specific heat capacity
c) Thermal conductivity
d) Heat of fusion
3. Heat transfer by the movement of fluids due to density differences is called:
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Evaporation
4. Heat transfer that requires no medium is:
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Diffusion
5. A good thermal conductor usually has:
a) Low specific heat capacity
b) High specific heat capacity
c) Free electrons
d) Large density
6. What is an example of heat transfer by conduction?
a) Sunlight reaching Earth
b) Water boiling in a pot
c) A metal rod heated at one end
d) Warm air rising
7. The greenhouse effect is mostly caused by:
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Helium
d) Hydrogen
8. An application of heat transfer is:
a) Cooking food on a stove
b) Spreading sound waves
c) Growing plants
d) Mixing chemicals
9. Global warming is mainly due to increased:
a) Greenhouse gases
b) Rainfall
c) Solar intensity
d) Wind speed
10. Which of the following is not a mode of heat transfer?
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Insulation
11. The heat energy absorbed or released without a temperature change is called:
a) Specific heat
b) Latent heat
c) Conductive heat
d) Sensible heat
12. Energy transfer by electromagnetic waves is called:
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Diffusion
13. Which gas is most responsible for the greenhouse effect?
a) Nitrogen
b) Oxygen
c) Carbon dioxide
d) Argon
14. What is the primary cause of global warming?
a) Depletion of ozone
b) Excessive greenhouse gas emissions
c) Increased rainfall
d) Earth’s rotation
15. Flow of heat from hotter to cooler body without the movement of matter is called:
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation
d) Evaporation
16. Specific heat capacity of water is high because:
a) It is colorless
b) It absorbs heat without much temperature rise
c) It is a good conductor
d) It freezes at 0°C
17. In geothermal activities, heat is mostly transferred to the surface by:
a) Radiation
b) Convection
c) Diffusion
d) Osmosis
18. Heat transfer in the greenhouse is mainly due to:
a) Conduction
b) Convection
c) Radiation trapped by glass
d) Radiation escaping easily
19. Why does a greenhouse stay warmer inside?
a) It allows heat to enter and prevents heat from escaping
b) It reflects all heat outside
c) It has fans that cool it
d) It absorbs all sunlight without heating up
20. What happens to heat during global warming?
a) It escapes rapidly into space
b) It is trapped by greenhouse gases
c) It disappears
d) It reflects into the ocean
### 20 Short-Answer Questions:
1. Define specific heat capacity.
2. What is the S.I. unit of heat capacity?
3. Explain the process of conduction with an example.
4. Give one practical application of convection in daily life.
5. Why do metals feel colder than wood at the same temperature?
6. What is meant by latent heat?
7. State one factor that affects the rate of heat transfer by conduction.
8. Explain why dark-colored surfaces heat up faster in sunlight.
9. What is the greenhouse effect?
10. Name two greenhouse gases.
11.Explain how greenhouse gases contribute to global warming.
12.What is meant by thermal equilibrium?
13. Describe one application of heat transfer in cooking.
14. What is meant by heat transfer by radiation? Give one example.
15. Why is water a good coolant in car engines?
16. How is heat from the Earth’s interior transferred to its surface
17. Explain the term geothermal energy?
18. Why is global warming a serious environmental issue?
19. Name one way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
20. Explain one impact of global warming on climate.
CHAPTER 2
THERMAL EXPANSION AND CHANGE OF MATTER
## **20 MCQs:**
1. According to the kinetic theory of matter, particles in a gas:
a) Are stationary
b) Move randomly with high speed
c) Have fixed positions
d) Are packed closely together
2. Thermal expansion occurs because:
a) Molecules lose energy
b) Molecules move faster and further apart
c) Molecules stop moving
d) Pressure decreases
3. Which state of matter generally expands the most on heating?
a) Solid
b) Liquid
c) Gas
d) Plasma
4. Evaporation is a process that:
a) Occurs only at boiling point
b) Occurs at all temperatures
c) Needs pressure to happen
d) Does not require energy
5. Latent heat is:
a) Heat that raises temperature
b) Heat absorbed or released without temperature change
c) Heat lost in radiation
d) Heat that cannot change states
6. Superconductivity is a phenomenon where:
a) Resistance becomes very high
b) Resistance drops to zero at low temperatures
c) Metals stop conducting
d) Materials emit heat
7. Pressure exerted by gas particles on container walls is due to:
a) Attractive forces
b) Continuous collisions
c) Electric currents
d) Latent heat
8. What happens to a solid when it expands?
a) Its density increases
b) Its density decreases
c) Its mass decreases
d) Its volume stays the same
9. In which of the following is thermal expansion most noticeable?
a) Metals
b) Water
c) Sand
d) Oil
10. Which is an example of evaporation?
a) Ice melting
b) Water boiling
c) Clothes drying in the sun
d) Butter melting
11. Latent heat of vaporization is the heat needed to:
a) Heat water to 100°C
b) Convert water to steam at 100°C
c) Melt ice
d) Raise the temperature of water by 1°C
12. Superconducting materials have:
a) Infinite resistance
b) Very high resistance
c) Zero electrical resistance
d) Weak magnetic properties
13. What happens to gas pressure if volume decreases and temperature is constant?
a) Pressure decreases
b) Pressure stays the same
c) Pressure increases
d) None of the above
14. Evaporation is faster when:
a) Air is humid
b) Temperature is lower
c) Surface area is larger
d) Wind speed is zero
15. Kinetic energy of particles in matter is directly related to:
a) Pressure
b) Temperature
c) Density
d) Gravity
16. Superconductors can be used to:
a) Generate heat
b) Make powerful magnets with no energy loss
c) Store water
d) Burn fuels efficiently
17. A bimetallic strip bends upon heating because:
a) Both metals expand equally
b) One metal expands more than the other
c) It gains weight
d) Its temperature drops
18. Evaporation is a cooling process because:
a) Fast particles leave, reducing average energy
b) Slow particles leave, increasing average energy
c) Energy is gained from the surroundings
d) It increases temperature
19. Pressure exerted by a gas can be increased by:
a) Decreasing its temperature
b) Increasing its volume
c) Adding more gas particles
d) Cooling the container
20. A superconductor requires:
a) High temperature
b) Room temperature
c) Very low temperature
d) High pressure
## **20 Short-Answer Questions:**
1. What is meant by the kinetic theory of matter?
2. Define thermal expansion.
3. Why do railway tracks have small gaps?
4. Explain why liquids also expand when heated.
5. What is the effect of heat on the movement of gas particles?
6. What is meant by evaporation?
7. Write one factor that affects the rate of evaporation.
8. Explain what is meant by latent heat of fusion.
9. Why is evaporation called a cooling process?
10. What happens to pressure if the temperature of a gas increases at constant
volume?
11. Define superconductivity.
12. Give one practical use of superconductors.
13. What happens to particles in a solid during thermal expansion?
14. Explain why hot air rises.
15. What is meant by absolute zero temperature?
16. How does the size of an object change as its temperature increases?
17. Explain why water evaporates faster on a windy day.
18. Name one substance that can act as a superconductor at very low temperature.
19. What is the relationship between temperature and kinetic energy of particles?
20. Why do liquids have a fixed volume but take the shape of their container?
