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Unit 4.4 Multimedia and Compression

The document provides an overview of multimedia, defining it as the integration of various forms of information such as text, images, audio, and video in digital formats. It discusses the importance of digitizing and compressing audio and video for efficient transmission over the Internet, highlighting the benefits of data compression in saving storage and reducing costs. Additionally, it outlines the differences between lossless and lossy compression techniques, along with standards like JPEG and MPEG for managing multimedia content.

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4 views13 pages

Unit 4.4 Multimedia and Compression

The document provides an overview of multimedia, defining it as the integration of various forms of information such as text, images, audio, and video in digital formats. It discusses the importance of digitizing and compressing audio and video for efficient transmission over the Internet, highlighting the benefits of data compression in saving storage and reducing costs. Additionally, it outlines the differences between lossless and lossy compression techniques, along with standards like JPEG and MPEG for managing multimedia content.

Uploaded by

kshitijsonkar23
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Unit-4

Presentation Layer

Multimedia

Surendra Kumar Keshari


Assistant Professor
KIET Group of Institutions

(Academic Purpose Only)


What is Multimedia
• Multi: more than one
• Medium (singular): middle, intermediary, mean
• Media (plural): means for conveying information

• Multimedia: refers to various information forms text, image, audio, video,


graphics, and animation in a variety of application environments

Definition of Multimedia:
Computer-based techniques of text, images, audio, video, graphics, animation,
and any other medium where every type of information can be represented,
processed, stored, transmitted, produced and presented digitally.
Streaming stored audio/video refers to
on-demand requests for compressed
audio/video files.
DIGITIZING AUDIO AND VIDEO

Before audio or video signals can be sent on the


Internet, they need to be digitized.

Compression is needed to send video


over the Internet.

To send audio or video over the Internet requires


compression.
Data Compression

Data compression is a reduction in the number of bits needed to


represent data. Compressing data can save storage capacity, speed up
file transfer, and decrease costs for storage hardware and
network bandwidth.

Why is data compression important?

Data compression can dramatically decrease the amount of storage a


file takes up. For example, in a 2:1 compression ratio, a 20 megabyte
(MB) file takes up 10 MB of space. As a result of compression,
administrators spend less money and less time on storage.
How compression works?

•Compression is performed by a program that uses a formula


or algorithm to determine how to shrink the size of the data. For
instance, an algorithm may represent a string of bits -- or 0s and 1s --
with a smaller string of 0s and 1s by using a dictionary for the
conversion between them, or the formula may insert a reference or
pointer to a string of 0s and 1s that the program has already seen.
•Text compression can be as simple as removing all
unneeded characters, inserting a single repeat character to indicate a
string of repeated characters and substituting a smaller bit string for a
frequently occurring bit string. Data compression can reduce a text
file to 50% or a significantly higher percentage of its original size.
Compression Techniques

Lossless and Lossy Compression


• Lossless Compression:

 No loss of information

 Original data exactly recovered from compressed data

 Lower compression ratio

• Lossy Compression:

 Loss of information

 Perceptual loss of information reduced (controlled)

 Higher compression ratio


JPEG Standard
JPEG gray scale
JPEG process
gray scale
Reading the table
The MPEG Standard

Synchronization of the audio and video streams in MPEG-1.


MPEG frames

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