MONTHLY PRESENTATION

THE BRAIN ANATOMY

AND
ITS RELATION TO
STROKE
2

PRESENTED BY-

Name: Nafim Hassan Nihad

Course: B.Sc in Prosthetics & Orthotics
Batch: 03
Roll: 01
3

07 Conclusion
CONTENTS 06 Affect Of
Storke

01
Introduction
of Brain 05 Risk
Factors

Anatomy
of Brain 02 04 Types Of
Storke

03
What is
Storke
 Segment 1

BRAIN
 INTRODUCTION
The brain is a complex organ that controls thought,
memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing,
temperature, hunger and every process that regulates
our body.

01
 FEATURE
Average weight of adult
brain in air is 1500–2000
grams. Since brain floats in
cerebrospinal fluid, it only
weighs 50 grams which is
comfortable. There are
about 180–200 billion
neurons in an adult brain.

02
 MAJOR DIVISIONS OF BRAIN

Cerebrum

Cerebellum
Brainstem

03
 CEREBRUM

The cerebrum
(Latin brain) is the
largest part of the
brain. It is also
known as pallium
It is made up of
outer grey matter
(the cerebral
cortex) and inner
white matter.

04
CEREBRUM

Grey matter

White matter

05
 FUNCTION
01. 03.
The cerebrum initiates
and coordinates The cerebrum relate to
movement and vision, hearing, touch
regulates temperature and other senses

02.
The cerebrum enable speech, judgment,
thinking, problem-solving, emotions and
learning 06
 CEREBELLUM

The cerebellum
It coordinates lies dorsal to the
voluntary muscle pons and
movements and to medulla.
maintain posture,
balance and
equilibrium

07
 BRAINSTEM
Midbrain Pons
• This is the smallest • It lies rostral to the medulla
brainstem. and contains a large number
• The midbrain contains of neurons that relay
information from the
essential relay nuclei of the
cerebral hemispheres to the
auditory and visual system.
cerebellum.
• Also involved in motor
control of skeletal muscles.
Medulla
• This is the direct rostral extension of the spinal cord.

• It participates in regulating blood pressure and

respiration control. 08
 LOBES OF BRAIN
Parietal Frontal

Occipital
Temporal

09
 FRONTAL LOBE
It is involved in
It is the largest
personality
lobe of the brain,
located in the 01 02 characteristics,
decision-making and
front of the head
movement.

The frontal lobe

Recognition of Broca’s area contains Broca’s
smell usually
involves parts of 03 04 area, which is
associated with
the frontal lobe speech ability
10
 PARIETAL LOBE
The parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is
helps a person
identify objects
and understand
01 02 also involved in
interpreting pain
and touch in the
spatial
body
relationships

Wernicke’s area

03
The parietal lobe houses Wernicke’s area,
which helps the brain understand spoken
language
11
 OCCIPITAL LOBE

It is involved with
02 vision

It is the back part

of the brain 01

12
TEMPORAL LOBE

The temporal lobes are involved in-

i. Short-term memory
ii. Speech
iii. Musical rhythm and
iv. Some degree of smell recognition

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COVERINGS OF BRAIN

Dura mater

Arachnoid

BRAIN Pia mater

14
 Vertebral
Arteries
Major
BLOOD Arteries
SUPPLY OF Internal Carotid
Arteries
BRAIN Circle of
Willis

15
 MAJOR ARTERIES
Vertebral Arteries Internal Carotid
Arteries
These arteries arise
from the subclavian These arteries
arteries and travel originate from the
through the common carotid
transverse arteries and enter
foramina of the the skull through
cervical vertebrae, the carotid canals.
entering the skull They supply the
through the anterior part of the
foramen magnum. brain
They supply the
posterior part of the
brain

16
 MAJOR ARTERIES

Subclavian arteries Subclavian arteries travel

through the transverse
foramina
17
CIRCLE OF WILLIS
It is a hexagonal
arterial circle,
situated at the
base of brain in
the
interpeduncular
fossa. It is formed
by the anterior
cerebral branches
and terminal parts
of internal carotid
arteries

18
 Segment 2

STROKE
 What is Stroke?
Stroke is a disease which occurs when a blood vessel
that carries oxygen and nutrients to the brain is either
blocked by a clot or bursts (or ruptures)

19
Types of Stroke
Ischemic
Stroke

Haemorrhagic
Stroke

Transient
Ischemic Attack
20
 Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic Stroke occurs when a clot or a mass clogs a blood

vessel, cutting off the blood flow to brain cells. The underlying
condition for this type of obstruction is the development of fatty
deposits lining the vessel walls. This condition is called
atherosclerosis.
21
 Haemorrhagic Stroke

They occur when a weakened vessel ruptures and bleeds into

the surrounding brain. The blood accumulates and compresses
the surrounding brain tissue.

22
 Haemorrhagic Stroke

Intracerebral
haemorrhage

Subarachnoid
haemorrhage

23
INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
 Transient Ischemic Attack

TIA or transient ischemic attack, is a "warning stroke" that

occurs when a blood clot blocks an artery for a short time. The
only difference between a stroke and TIA is that with TIA the
blockage is transient (temporary). TIA symptoms occur rapidly
and last a relatively short time
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 PERCENTAGES

87% 13%

Ischemic Haemorrhagic
Stroke Stroke

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 Affect on Brain
If the stroke occurs in the right side of the
brain, the left side of the body will be affected,
usually producing:

i. Paralysis on the left side of the body

ii. Sensory changes on the left side of the
body
Right
iii. Vision problems
iv. Spatial thinking or imagery
v. Problems with thinking and memory

26
 Affect on Brain
If the stroke occurs in the left side of the brain,
the right side of the body will be affected,
usually producing:

i. Paralysis on the right side of the body

LEFT ii. Sensory changes on the right side of the
body
iii. Speech/language problems
iv. Abstract thinking
v. Problems with thinking and memory
vi. Slow, cautious behavioural style
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 Affect on Brain

BRAINSTEM

A brain stem stroke can cause paralysis on both sides, potentially leading
to a 'locked-in' state.
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 RISK
FACTORS
 RISK FACTORS

Modifiable Non-modifiable

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 MODIFIABLE

02 04
Smoking Diet

01 03 05
High Blood Diabates Physical
Pressure Inactivity
 MODIFIABLE

06 08
Obesity Sleep Apena

07
High
Cholesterol
 Family
Age History

NON-
MODIFIABLE
TIA or
Gender
Heart Attack

30
 CONCLUSION
A stroke is a serious medical emergency that needs quick
action to reduce damage to the brain and impact on a
person's life. Knowing the types of strokes, recognizing the
warning signs, and getting fast, specialized treatment can
help many stroke survivors recover well and regain their
independence.

31
 Reference
• American Stroke Association: A division of the American Heart Association (no date)
www.stroke.org. Available at: https://www.stroke.org/en/ (Accessed: 19 June 2024).

• Chaurasia, B.D. et al. (2017a) BD Chaurasia’s human anatomy: Regional and applied, Dissection
and clinical. vol. 3, head and Neck. New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd.

• Chaurasia, B.D. et al. (2017b) BD Chaurasia’s human anatomy: Regional and applied, Dissection
and clinical. vol. 4, Brain-Neuroanatomy. New Delhi: CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd.

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