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of heredity. Chromosome structure, chromosomal aberrations, linkage and cross-over, and their
significance in recombination breeding. Polyploidy, euploids and aneuploids. Mutation—and their role in
crop improvement. Heritability, sterility and incompatibility, classification and their application in crop
improvement. Cytoplasmic inheritance, sex-linked, sex-influenced and sex-limited characters.
History of plant breeding. Modes of reproduction, selfing and crossing techniques. Origin, evolution
and domestication of crop plants, center of origin, law of homologous series, crop genetic resources—
conservation and utilization. Application of principles of plant breeding, improvement of crop plants.
Molecular markers and their application in plant improvement. Pure-line selection, pedigree, mass and
recurrent selections, combining ability, its significance in plant breeding. Heterosis and its exploitation.
Somatic hybridization. Breeding for disease and pest resistance. Role of interspecific and intergeneric
hybridization. Role of genetic engineering and biotechnology in crop improvement Gernetically modified
crop plants.
Seed production and processing technologies. Seed certification, Seed testing and storage. DNA
finger printing and seed registration. Role of public and private sectors in seed production, and marketing.
Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) issues, WTO issues and its impact on Agriculture.
Principles of Plant Physiology with reference to plant nutrition, absorption, translocation and
metabolism of nutrients. Soil-water-plant relationship.
Enzymes and plant pigments; photosynthesis—modern concepts and factors affecting the process,
aerobic and anaerobic respiration; C3, C4 and CAM mechanisms. Carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolism. Growth and development; photoperiodism and vernalization. Plant growth substances and
their role in crop production. Physiology of seed development and germination; dormancy. Stress
physiology—draught, salt and water stress.
major fruits, plantation crops, vegetables, spices and flower crops. package practices of major
horticultural crops. Protected cultivation and high tech horticulture. Post-harvest technology and value
addition of fruits and vegetables. Landscaping and commercial floriculture. Medicinal and aromatic plants.
Role of fruits and vegetables in human nutrition.
Diagnosis of pests and diseases of field crops, vegetables, orchard and plantation crops and their
economic importance. Classification of pests and diseases and their management. Intergrated pest and
diseases management. Storage pests and their management. Biological control of pests and diseases.
Epidemiology and forecasting of major crop pests and diseases. Plant quarantine measures. Pesticides, their
formulation and modes of action.
Food production and consumption trends in India. Food security and growing population—vision
2020. Reasons for grain surplus. National and International food policies. Production, procurement,
distribution constraints. Availability of foodgtrains, per capita expenditure on food. Trends in poverty, Public
Distribution System and Below Poverty Line population, Targeted Public Distribution System (PDS), policy
implementation in context to globalization. Processing constraints. Relation of food production to National
Dietary Guidelines and food consumption pattern. Food based dietary approaches to eliminate hunger.
Nutrient deficiency—Micro nutrient deficiency: Protein Energy Malnutrition or Protein Calorie Malnutrition
(PEM or PCM), Micro nutrient deficiency and HRD in context of work capacity of women and children. Food
grain productivity and food security.
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETERINARY SCIENCE
PAPER-I
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1. Animal Nutrition:
1.1 Partitioning of food energy within the animal. Direct and indirect calorimetry. Carbon—nitrogen
balance and comparative slaughter methods. Systems for expressing energy value of foods in
ruminants, pigs and poultry. Energy requirements for maintenance, growth, pregnancy, lactation,
egg, wool, and meat production.
1.2 Latest advances in protein nutrition. Energy protein inter-relationships. Evaluation of protein
quality. Use of NPN compounds in ruminant diets. Protein requirements for maintenance, growth,
pregnancy, lactation, egg, wool and meat production.
1.3 Major and trace minerals—Their sources, physiological functions and deficiency symptoms. Toxic
minerals. Mineral interactions. Role of fatsoluble and water—soluble vitamins in the body, their
sources and deficiency symptoms.
1.4 Feed additives—methane inhibitors, probiotics, enzymes, antibiotics, hormones, oligosaccharides,
antioxidants, emulsifiers, mould inhibitors, buffers etc. Use and abuse of growth promoters like
harmones and antibiotics—latest concepts.
1.5 Conservation of fodders. Storage of feeds and feed ingredients. Recent advances in feed technology
and feed processing. Anti-nutritional and toxic factors present in livestock feeds. Feed analysis and
quality control. Digestibility trials—direct, indirect and indicator methods. Predicting feed intake in
grazing animals.
1.6 Advances in ruminant nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Balanced rations. Feeding of calves,
pregnant, work animals and breeding bulls. Strategies for feeding milch animals during different
stages of lactation cycle. Effect of feeding on milk composition. Feeding of goats for meat and milk
production. Feeding of sheep for meat and wool production.
1.7 Swine Nutrition. Nutrient requirements. Creep, starter, grower and finisher rations. Feeding of pigs
for lean meat production. Low cost rations for swine.
1.8 Poultry nutrition. Special features of poultry nutrition. Nutrient requirements for meat and egg
production. Formulation of rations for different classes of layers and broilers.
2. Animal Physiology:
2.1 Physiology of blood and its circulation, respiration; excretion. Endocrine glands in health and
disease.
2.2 Blood constituents.—Properties and functions-blood cell formation—Haemoglobin synthesis and
chemistry-plasma proteins production, classification and properties, coagulation of blood;
Haemorrhagic disorders—anti-coagulants—blood groups—Blood volume—Plasma expanders-Buffer
systems in blood. Biochemical tests and their significance in disease diagnosis.
2.3 Circulation.—Physiology of heart, cardiac cycle, heart sounds, heart beat, electrocardiograms. Work
and efficiency of heart—effect of ions on heart function-metabolism of cardiac muscle, nervous and
chemical regulation of heart, effect of temperature and stress on heart, blood pressuer and
hypertension, osmotic regulation, arterial pulse, vasomotor regulation of circulation, shock.
Coronary and pulmonary circulation, Blood-Brain barrier Cerebrospinal fluid-circulation in birds.
2.4 Respiration.—Mechanism of respiration, Transport and exchange of gases-neural control of
respiration-Chemo-receptors-hypoxia-respiration in birds.
2.5 Excretion.—Structure and function of kidney-formation of urine-methods of studying renal function-
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renal regulation of acid-base balance: physiological constituents of urine-renal failure-passive
venous congestion-Urinary secretion in chicken-Sweat glands and their function. Bio-chemical test
for urinary dysfunction.
2.6 Endocrine glands.—Functional disorders—their symptoms and diagnosis. Synthesis of hormones,
mechanism and control of secretion—hormonal receptors-classification and function.
2.7 Growth and Animal Production.—Prenatal and postnatal growth, maturation, growth curves,
measures of growth, factors affecting growth, conformation, body composition, meat quality.
2.8 Physiology of Milk Production, Reproduction and Digestion.—Current status of hormonal control of
mammary development, milk secretion and milk ejection. Male and Female reproductive organs,
their components and functions. Digestive organs and their functions.
2.9 Environmental Physiology.—Physiological relations and their regulation; mechanisms of adaptation,
environmental factors and regulatory mechanisms involved in animal behaviour, climatology—
various parameters and their importance. Animal ecology. Physiology of behaviour. Effect of stress
on health and production.
3. Animal Reproduction:
Semen quality.—Preservation and Artificial Insemination—Components of semen, composition of
spermatozoa, chemical and physical properties of ejaculated semen, factors affecting semen in vivo and in
vitro. Factors affecting semen production and quality, preservation, composition of diluents, sperm
concentration, transport of diluted semen. Deep freezing techniques in cows, sheep, goats, swine and
poultry. Detection of oestrus and time of insemination for better conception. Anoestrus and repeat breeding.
4. Livestock Production and Management:
4.1 Commercial Dairy Farming.—Comparison of dairy farming in India with advanced countries.
Dairying under mixed farming and as specialized farming, economic dairy farming. Starting of a
dairy farm, Capital and land requirement, organization of the dairy farm. Opportunities in dairy
farming, factors determining the efficiency of dairy animal. Heard recording, budgeting cost of milk
production, pricing policy; Personnel Management. Developing Practical and Economic rations for
dairy cattle; supply of greens throughout the year, feed and fodder requirements of Dairy Farm.
Feeding regimes for young stock and bulls, heifers and breeding animals; new trends in feeding
young and adult stock; Feeding records.
4.2 Commercial meat, egg and wool production.—Development of practical and economic rations for
sheep, goats, pigs, rabbits and poultry. Supply of greens, fodder, feeding regimes for young and
mature stock. New trends in enhancing production and management. Capital and land requirements
and socio-economic concept.
4.3 Feeding and management of animals under drought, flood and other natural calamities.
5. Genetics and Animal Breeding:
5.1 History of animal genetics. Mitosis and Meiosis: Mendelian inheritance; deviations to Mendelian
genetics; Expression of genes; Linkage and crossing over; Sex determination, sex influenced and sex
limited characters; Blood groups and polymorphism; Chromosome aberrations; Cytoplasmic
inheritance, Gene and its structure; DNA as a genetic material; Genetic code and protein synthesis;
Recombinant DNA technology. Mutations, types of mutations, methods for detecting mutations and
mutation rate, Transgenesis.
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5.2 Population Genetics applied to Animal Breeding—Quantitative Vs. Qualitative traits; Hardy Weinberg
Law; Population Vs. Individual; Gene and genotypic frequency; Forces changing gene frequency;
Random drift and small populations; Theory of path coefficient; Inbreeding, methods of estimating
inbreeding coefficient, systems of inbreeding; Effective population size; Breeding value, estimation
of breeding value, dominance and epistatic deviation; Partitioning of variation; Genotype X
environment correlation and genotype X environment interaction; role of multiple measurements;
Resemblance between relatives.
5.3 Breeding Systems.—Breeds of livestsock and Poultry. Heritability, repeatability and genetic and
phenotypic correlations, their methods of estimation and precision of estimates; Aids to selection
and their relative merits; Individual, pedigree, family and within family selection; Pregnency testing;
Methods of selection; Construction of selection indices and their uses; Comparative evaluation of
genetic gains through various selection methods; Indirect selection and correlated response;
Inbreeding, out breeding, upgrading, cross-breeding and synthesis of breeds; Crossing of inbred
lines for commercial production; Selection for general and specific combining ability; Breeding for
threshold characters. Sire index.
6. Extension:
Basic philosophy, objectives, concept and principles of extension. Different Methods adopted to
educate farmers under rural conditions. Generation of technology, its transfer and feedback. Problems and
constraints in transfer of technology. Animal husbandry programmes for rural development.
PAPER-II
1. Anatomy, Pharmacology and Hygiene:
1.1 Histology and Histological Techniques : Paraffin embedding technique of tissue processing and
H.E. staining—Freezing microtomy—Microscopy Bright field microscope and electron microscope.
Cytology-structure of cell organells and inclusions; cell division-cell types—Tissues and their
classification-embryonic and adult tissues—Comparative histology of organs—Vascular, Nervous,
digestive, respiratory, musculo-skeletal and urogenital systems—Endocrine glands—Integuments—
sense organs.
1.2 Embryology.—Embryology of vertebrates with special reference to aves and domestic mammals
gametogenesis-fertilization-germ layers-foetal membranes and placentation-types of placenta in
domestic mammals-Teratology-twins and twinning-organogenesis-germ layer derivatives-
endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal derivatives.
1.3 Bovine Anatomy.—Regional Anatomy : Paranasal sinuses of OX— surface anatomy of salivary
glands. Regional anatomy of infraorbital, maxillary, mandi-buloalveolar, mental and cornnal nerve
block. Regional anatomy of paravertebral nerves, pudental nerve, median, ulnar and radial
nervestibial, fibular and digital nerves—Cranial nerves-structures involved in epidural anaesthesia-
superficial lymph nodes-surface anatomy of visceral organs of thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
cavities-comparative-features of locomotor apparatus and their application in the biomechanics of
mammalian body.
1.4 Anatomy of Fowl.—Musculo-skeletal system-functional anatomy in relation to respiration and
flying, digestion and egg production.
1.5 pharmacology and therapeutics drugs.—Cellular level of pharmacodynamics and
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pharmacokinetics. Drugs acting on fluids and electrolyte balance. Drugs acting on Autonomic
nervous system. Modern concepts of anaesthesia and dissociative anaesthetics. Autocoids.
Antimicrobials and principles of chemotherapy in microbial infections. Use of hormones in
therapeutics—chemotherapy of parasitic infections. Drug and economic concerns in the Edible
tissues of animals—chemotherapy of Neoplastic diseases. Toxicity due to “insecticides, plants,
metals, non-metals, zootoxins and mycotoxins”.
1.6 Veterinary Hygiene with reference to water, air and habitation.—Assessment of pollution of
water, air and soil—Importance of climate in animal health—effect of environment on animal
function and performance relationship between industrialisation and animal agriculture—animal
housing requirements for specific categories of domestic animals viz. pregnant cows and sows,
milking cows, broiler birds—stress, strain and productivity in relation to animal habitation.
2. Animal Diseases :
2.1 Etiology, epidemiology pathogenesis, symptoms, post-moretem lesions, diagnosis, and control of
infectious diseases of cattle, sheep and goat, horses, pigs and poultry.
2.2 Etiology, epidemiology, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment of production diseases of cattle, horse, pig
and poultry.
2.3 Deficiency diseases of domestic animals and birds.
2.4 Diagnosis and treatment of non-specific conditions like impaction, Bloat, Diarrhoea, Indigestion,
dehydration, stroke, poisioning.
2.5 Diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
2.6 Principles and methods of immunisation of animals against specific diseases—hard
immunity—disease free zones—‘zero’ disease concept—chemoprophylaxis.
2.7 Anaesthesia.—local, regional and general-prenesthetic medication. Symptoms and surgical
interference in fractures and dislocation. Hernia, choking abomassal displacement—Caesarian
operations. Rumenotomy—Castrations.
2.8 Disease investigation techniques.—Materials for laboratory investigation—Establishment. Animal
Health Centres—Disease free zone.
3. Veterinary Public Health :
3.1 Zoonoses.—Classification, definition, role of animals and birds in prevalence and transmission of
zoonotic diseases—occupational zoonotic diseases.
3.2 Epidemiology.—Principle, definition of epidemiological terms, application of epidemiological
measures in the study of diseases and disease control. Epidemiological features of air, water and
food borne infections. OIE regulation, WTO, sanitary and phytosanitary measures.
3.3 Veterinary Jurisprudence.—Rules and Regulations for improvement of animal quality and
prevention of animal diseases—State and Central Rules for prevention of animal and animal product
borne diseases—S.P. C.A.—Veterolegal cases—Certificates—Materials and Methods of collection of
samples for veterolegal investigation.
4. Milk and Milk Products Technology :
4.1 Market Milk.—Quality, testing and grading of raw milk. Processing, packaging, storing, distribution,
marketing defects and their control. Preparation of the following milks : Pasteurized, standardized,
Government strives to have a workforce which reflects gender balance and women candidates are encouraged to apply.
