1. Mention any two impacts of the First World War on Indian Economy.
Answer:
The First World War had major effects on India’s economy:
1.
Increased Military Expenditure: India was forced to contribute to British war expenses, leading to increased taxes and custom duties.
2.
Industrial Growth: Imports from Britain declined, encouraging Indian industries to fill the gap. Cotton and jute mills expanded.
3.
Rise in Prices and Hardship: War caused prices of goods to rise, affecting the common man.
4.
Forced Recruitment: Villagers were recruited into the army, causing discontent.
5.
Crop Failures and Famine: Food shortages led to famines and epidemics, causing deaths.
2. Why did Gandhiji support the 'Khilafat' issue?
Answer:
Gandhiji supported the Khilafat issue due to the following reasons:
1.
Muslim Sentiment: After WWI, the Caliph of Turkey (religious head of Muslims) was badly treated, angering Muslims.
2.
National Unity: Gandhiji saw it as an opportunity to unite Hindus and Muslims under one cause.
3.
Mass Movement: He wanted to channel Muslim resentment into the freedom struggle.
4.
Khilafat Committee: He joined hands with Ali brothers (leaders of Khilafat Committee) to strengthen the anti-British movement.
5.
Broader Non-Cooperation: It added weight to the upcoming Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920.
3. Trace the reason because of which Gandhiji started Satyagraha in 1919.
Answer:
Gandhiji started Satyagraha in 1919 against the Rowlatt Act, which allowed detention without trial.
1.
Violation of Civil Liberties: It curbed freedom of speech and movement.
2.
Nationwide Protest: Gandhiji called for a nationwide hartal on 6 April 1919.
3.
Peaceful Resistance: Satyagraha was based on non-violence and mass mobilisation.
4.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Peaceful protest in Amritsar led to brutal killing of hundreds by General Dyer, intensifying anger.
5.
British Repression: Gandhiji was horrified by the brutal suppression of protestors.
4. “The effect of Non-Cooperation Movement on the economic front was more
dramatic.” Support with examples.
Answer:
Yes, the economic effects were striking:
1.
Boycott of Foreign Goods: People refused to buy British cloth and goods.
2.
Growth of Indian Industry: Demand for khadi and Indian goods rose.
3.
Imports Declined: Import of foreign cloth dropped by 50%.
4.
Bonfires of Foreign Cloth: Mass protests included burning of British products.
5.
Revival of Handlooms: Traditional weavers and artisans found new work.
6.
National Spirit: People willingly paid more for Indian goods to hurt British interests.
5. Describe any three causes that led to the Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
1.
Rowlatt Act (1919): Denied basic legal rights, led to widespread protests.
2.
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre: Shocked the entire country; British lost moral legitimacy.
3.
Khilafat Movement: Mistreatment of Turkish Caliph hurt Muslim sentiments.
4.
Economic Exploitation: High taxes, forced recruitment, and famines angered people.
5.
Gandhiji’s Leadership: He advocated for a non-violent mass movement to oppose injustice.
6. Why did the Non-Cooperation Movement slow down in towns and cities?
Answer:
1.
Lack of Alternatives: Students and teachers who left government institutions found no Indian substitutes.
2.
Expensive Khadi: People couldn't afford hand-spun cloth.
3.
Lawyers Resumed Practice: Middle-class professionals returned to work.
4.
Loss of Momentum: Urban people lost interest after initial enthusiasm.
5.
Economic Hardship: Small traders suffered due to boycott, affecting support.
7. Describe any three major problems faced by the peasants of Awadh in the days
of Non-Cooperation Movement.
Answer:
1.
High Rents: Peasants were forced to pay excessive rents to landlords.
2.
Begari System: Unpaid forced labour (begar) was common.
3.
Illegal Taxes: Landlords collected illegal dues and controlled land unjustly.
4.
Debt Traps: Peasants fell into deep debt and couldn’t repay.
5.
Led by Baba Ramchandra: A sanyasi who led peaceful resistance demanding fair treatment.
8. “Plantation workers had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the
notion of Swaraj.” Support the statement.
Answer:
1.
Misunderstood Swaraj: They believed Gandhi Raj meant they could return home freely.
2.
Bound by Law: Under the Inland Emigration Act, they couldn’t leave plantations without permission.
3.
Left Jobs En Masse: When they heard of the movement, they deserted plantations.
4.
Felt Cheated: When there was no transport or support, they were stranded.
5.
Different Aspirations: For them, Swaraj meant freedom to reunite with family and community.
9. How did Non-Cooperation Movement start with participation of middle class
people in cities? Explain its impact on the economic front.
Answer:
1.
Students Resigned: Left government schools and colleges.
2.
Teachers Quit Jobs: Supported the movement by resigning.
3.
Lawyers Boycotted Courts: Like Motilal Nehru and C.R. Das gave up careers.
4.
Foreign Goods Boycott: Imports fell sharply, especially foreign cloth.
5.
Khadi Usage: Indian-made clothes became popular.
6.
Rise in National Industry: Local industries gained momentum due to increased demand.
10. Mention any two causes that led to the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
1.
Simon Commission (1928): Had no Indian members; seen as an insult.
2.
Poorna Swaraj Declaration (1929): Congress demanded complete independence.
3.
Dandi March (1930): Protested British monopoly over salt by making salt at Dandi.
4.
Repressive Policies: British refused to negotiate reforms, provoking nationwide civil disobedience.
11. Explain the role of women in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
1.
Mass Participation: Women joined marches, picketed shops, and broke salt laws.
2.
Symbol of Nationalism: They became a moral force in the movement.
3.
Urban and Rural Women: From middle-class homes as well as villages.
4.
Picketed Liquor Shops and Cloth Stores: Challenged British economic symbols.
5.
Gandhiji’s Appeal: He encouraged women to come out as equals in the fight.
6.
However, Limited Political Rights: Despite participation, they remained marginalised in leadership roles.
12. Describe the main features of the Poona Pact.
Answer:
1.
Signed in 1932 between Gandhiji and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
2.
Reserved Seats: Provided separate electoral seats for Depressed Classes within general electorate.
3.
Joint Electorates: Unlike Communal Award which proposed separate electorates.
4.
Social Integration: Aimed to prevent division between Dalits and rest of Hindus.
5.
Expanded Representation: 148 seats for Depressed Classes in provincial legislatures.
6.
Moral Victory for Gandhi: Removed separate electorate but ensured Dalit representation.
13. How did the Salt March become an effective tool of resistance against
colonialism?
Answer:
1.
Symbolic Act: Salt was a daily necessity; British monopoly on it hurt all.
2.
Mass Participation: Thousands joined Gandhi in the 240-mile Dandi March.
3.
Breaking Salt Law: Challenged unjust British laws peacefully.
4.
Nationwide Impact: Inspired similar protests in many regions.
5.
International Attention: Drew global sympathy and media coverage.
6.
Started Civil Disobedience: Sparked large-scale defiance across India.
14. “Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.”
Examine.
Answer:
1.
Universal Consumption: Salt was used by all classes, rich and poor.
2.
British Monopoly: Taxed and controlled by British, affecting all Indians.
3.
Emotional Symbol: Evoked unity and defiance in simple, everyday life.
4.
Peaceful Protest: Dandi March symbolised strength of non-violence.
5.
Women and Villagers: All sections could participate in making salt.
6.
Widespread Movement: Civil Disobedience Movement began with salt law defiance.
15. Who organised the Dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930?
Describe his achievements.
Answer:
1.
Dr. B.R. Ambedkar founded the Depressed Classes Association.
2.
Fought for Dalit Rights: Demanded equality, education, and political representation.
3.
Separate Electorates: Supported Communal Award for Dalits.
4.
Poona Pact (1932): Negotiated with Gandhi for joint electorates with reserved seats.
5.
Father of Indian Constitution: Later drafted the Constitution to guarantee equality and rights.
6.
Voice of Social Justice: Championed end of caste-based discrimination.
Let me know when you're ready for Part 2 (Q26–50) – I'll continue without stopping. Or I can give both parts in a PDF if tools are available.
Class 10 CBSE Social Science – 6 Mark Answers
Part 1: Questions 16 to 25
16. Explain the limitations of the Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
1.
Limited Participation: Rich peasants participated, but the poor and landless were less active.
2.
Industrial Workers Absent: Congress didn’t support strikes; thus, factory workers largely stayed away.
3.
Muslim Participation Was Limited: Due to Congress’ failure to address their concerns, many Muslims didn’t join.
4.
Dalits Felt Left Out: Congress did not strongly support the cause of untouchables.
5.
Repression by British: Brutal arrests and violence weakened the movement.
6.
Short Duration: The movement was suspended multiple times, breaking momentum.
17. Explain the attitude of the Indian merchants and the industrialists towards the
Civil Disobedience Movement.
Answer:
1.
Supportive at Start: Industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla supported it to oppose British trade restrictions.
2.
Set up FICCI (1927): Indian industrialists organised themselves to support nationalist movement.
3.
Disillusioned Later: Congress’ refusal to support protection of Indian industries led to friction.
4.
Workers vs Owners: Congress didn’t support workers’ demands fearing alienation of industrialists.
5.
Middle-Ground Approach: Supported movement morally but didn’t want complete revolution.
6.
Withdrew Later: As movement grew radical, many withdrew to protect business interests.
18. Analyse the role of folklore and symbols in the revival of nationalism in India
during late 19th century.
Answer:
1.
Reviving History: Folklore helped in creating national pride in India's past.
2.
Folk Tales and Songs: Carried patriotic ideas, often spread by word of mouth.
3.
Example – Bengal: Rabindranath Tagore collected folk tales to rekindle pride.
4.
Glorified Traditions: Promoted India’s rich cultural past and countered colonial narratives.
5.
Symbols like Bharat Mata: Became a powerful image representing India as a motherland.
6.
Inspired Masses: Fostered unity, pride, and emotional connection to the freedom struggle.
19. Who had designed the ‘Swaraj Flag’ in 1921? Explain the main features of this
flag.
Answer:
1.
Pingali Venkayya designed the Swaraj Flag.
2.
Design Elements:
Tricolour of red (Hindus), green (Muslims), and white (for all others).
Charkha (spinning wheel) in the centre symbolised self-reliance.
3.
Unity in Diversity: Represented communal harmony.
4.
National Identity: It was a symbol of resistance and unity.
5.
Inspired National Flag: Formed the base of India’s current national flag.
6.
Mass Adoption: Carried during protests, evoking patriotic sentiment.
20. “It was essential to preserve folk tradition to discover one’s national identity.”
Support the statement.
Answer:
1.
Colonial Distortion: British belittled Indian culture as backward.
2.
Folk Traditions Revived: Folk tales, songs, dance, and festivals were collected to reclaim pride.
3.
Example: In Bengal, Tagore and others collected folktales to revive cultural identity.
4.
Promoted Patriotism: Stories of bravery and wisdom inspired national consciousness.
5.
Connect to Common People: Folklore reached illiterate masses and spread nationalist ideas.
6.
Cultural Rebirth: Helped Indians discover pride in their heritage and unite for independence.
21. How did the Colonial Government repress the Civil Disobedience Movement?
Answer:
1.
Mass Arrests: Gandhiji and thousands of activists were jailed.
2.
Censorship: Nationalist newspapers were banned or heavily censored.
3.
Lathi Charge and Firing: Protests were suppressed with brutal force.
4.
Confiscation: Property of leaders and participants was seized.
5.
Salt Protest Suppressed: Peaceful satyagrahis beaten and imprisoned.
6.
Round Table Talks Failure: British refused to concede real demands, further prolonging struggle.
22. Why did Mahatma Gandhi relaunch the Civil Disobedience Movement in various
parts of the country? Explain with examples.
Answer:
1.
Breakdown of Talks: Gandhi-Irwin Pact failed; Round Table Conference was a disappointment.
2.
Repression Increased: British resumed arrests and violence.
3.
Peasants’ Expectations: Wanted relief from taxes and land rents.
4.
Example: Salt law breaking continued in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and U.P.
5.
Widespread Support: Despite repression, people participated again.
6.
Need to Sustain Pressure: Gandhi relaunched the movement to continue civil resistance.
23. “Nationalism spreads when people believe they are part of the same nation.”
Support the statement.
Answer:
1.
Cultural Unity: Common symbols like Bharat Mata and tricolour flags promoted oneness.
2.
Print Media: Newspapers spread nationalist ideas to a wide audience.
3.
Language and Folklore: Helped revive pride in shared culture.
4.
Shared Suffering: Events like Jallianwala Bagh and colonial injustice unified Indians emotionally.
5.
Common Leadership: Leaders like Gandhi, Nehru, and Patel united Indians across regions.
6.
Mass Movements: Participation in Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience strengthened national identity.
24. Examine the significance and key milestones of the Civil Disobedience
Movement.
Answer:
1.
Salt March (1930): Symbolised defiance of British laws.
2.
Breaking Laws: Boycott of foreign goods, schools, and refusal to pay taxes.
3.
Participation of Masses: Farmers, women, students, merchants joined the movement.
4.
British Response: Brutal repression including mass arrests.
5.
Round Table Conference: Gandhi attended but returned disappointed.
6.
Relaunch and Impact: Though withdrawn in 1934, it mobilised people and pressured British.
25. Why is average income considered as an important criterion for development?
Give one reason.
Answer:
1.
Indicator of Living Standard: Higher average income implies better quality of life.
2.
Economic Comparison: Used to classify countries into rich and poor.
3.
Simplifies Data: A single number makes comparison easier.
4.
Basis for HDI Ranking: Used by World Bank and UNDP to assess development.
5.
Income and Services: Higher income enables access to education, health, and sanitation.
6.
However, Limited: It doesn’t reflect inequality or access to opportunities among people.
Class 10 CBSE Social Science – 6 Mark Answers
Part 2: Questions 26 to 50 (All in Proper 6-Mark CBSE Format)
26. What is the meaning of development? Explain the two aspects of development.
Answer:
Development refers to an improvement in the quality of life and the well-being of people. It includes both economic growth and social progress.
Two key aspects:
1.
Income Growth: Higher income levels mean people can afford better food, housing, healthcare, and education.
2.
Other Development Goals: People also desire freedom, security, equal rights, clean environment, and political participation.
Example: A person may value job security more than high income.
Hence, development is a multi-dimensional concept that combines both material and non-material goals.
27. “For development, people look at a mix of goals.” Support the statement with
suitable examples.
Answer:
1.
Varied Needs: People seek more than just income. They desire respect, security, and equal treatment.
2.
Example: A job with less income but more job security and better work conditions may be preferred.
3.
Women’s Goals: Women may want a safe environment and equal opportunity.
4.
Social Equality: Disadvantaged groups may seek dignity and freedom from discrimination.
5.
Environmental Sustainability: Some prefer development with environmental care.
6.
Conclusion: Hence, development is judged by a combination of material and non-material needs.
28. What is development? Why do different people have different development
goals? Explain with four examples.
Answer:
Development means a rise in the standard of living and improved access to basic facilities.
Different goals:
1.
Landless Labourers: Want more employment and better wages.
2.
Farmers: Want higher crop prices and irrigation facilities.
3.
Industrialists: Prefer good infrastructure and low taxes.
4.
Students: Seek good education and job opportunities.
5.
Women: Want respect, safety, and equal rights.
Thus, development is subjective—goals vary based on needs and context.
29. What is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different
countries? Describe its limitations.
Answer:
Criterion: Average per capita income is used.
High Income: Above $12,616 per year
Middle Income: Between $1,036 and $12,615
Low Income: Below $1,036
Limitations:
1.
Ignores Inequality: A high average may hide the poor condition of many people.
2.
No Social Indicators: Does not consider education, health, or security.
3.
No Gender Data: Ignores how wealth is shared between men and women.
Thus, per capita income alone is not a sufficient indicator.
30. What is national development? What are the aspects covered under it?
Answer:
National Development refers to the ability of a country to improve the well-being of its people.
Aspects of national development:
1.
Economic Growth: Rise in GDP, industrial and agricultural output.
2.
Social Development: Better healthcare, education, housing.
3.
Equity: Reducing poverty and ensuring equal opportunities.
4.
Political Participation: Ensuring democracy and human rights.
5.
Environmental Protection: Sustainable use of resources.
It’s a composite goal that looks beyond income to improve lives holistically.
31. Define the term literacy rate.
Answer:
Literacy Rate is the percentage of people aged 7 and above who can read and write with understanding in any language.
A higher literacy rate reflects better educational attainment.
It is a key component of the Human Development Index (HDI).
Example: Kerala has the highest literacy rate in India, indicating strong educational development.
32. Why has the issue of sustainability become essential for development in
present times? Explain with an example.
Answer:
Sustainability means using resources in a way that future generations can also meet their needs.
1.
Overuse of Resources: Excess use of groundwater and fossil fuels has created crises.
2.
Environmental Damage: Pollution, deforestation, and climate change have harmful effects.
3.
Example: Over-irrigation in Punjab has led to groundwater depletion.
4.
Future Security: Without sustainability, progress today may harm tomorrow’s needs.
5.
Interdependence: Economy and environment must grow together.
Hence, sustainable development is the need of the hour.
33. Suggest any three measures for sustainable development.
Answer:
1.
Use Renewable Resources: Shift to solar, wind, and biogas instead of fossil fuels.
2.
Water Conservation: Use rainwater harvesting, drip irrigation.
3.
Afforestation: Plant trees and protect forests.
4.
Waste Management: Reuse, reduce, and recycle waste.
5.
Eco-friendly Transport: Use bicycles, EVs, and public transport.
These ensure that economic growth does not harm the environment.
34. Which three efforts should be made by any country to improve its HDI?
Answer:
1.
Improve Education: Increase literacy, access to schools, and higher education opportunities.
2.
Healthcare Access: Better hospitals, free vaccinations, and nutrition programs.
3.
Increase Income: Create jobs, raise wages, and boost industry.
4.
Gender Equality: Equal access to jobs and education for all genders.
5.
Reduce Inequality: Provide support to poor and backward communities.
These directly improve Health, Education, and Income—the three HDI indicators.
35. “Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state
boundaries.” Support the statement.
Answer:
1.
Air Pollution: A factory in one state can pollute air in neighboring states.
2.
Water Pollution: River pollution in one country flows to another (e.g., Ganga, Mekong).
3.
Climate Change: Global warming affects all countries regardless of who emits more.
4.
Deforestation: One nation’s forests can affect rainfall patterns in others.
5.
Disasters: Melting glaciers or rising sea levels impact multiple nations.
Hence, global cooperation is essential to tackle environmental issues.
36. Which three development goals will you like to prescribe for rural labourers?
Answer:
1.
Employment Opportunities: Provide year-round jobs through schemes like MGNREGA.
2.
Basic Services: Access to education, health, sanitation, and drinking water.
3.
Land Rights: Ensure legal ownership of land and eliminate bonded labour.
4.
Skill Development: Offer training for better job opportunities.
5.
Social Security: Provide pensions, insurance, and maternity benefits.
These can raise living standards and break the cycle of poverty.
37. Define the term per capita income.
Answer:
Per Capita Income is the average income earned per person in a country in a year.
Formula:
Total National Income ÷ Total Population
Used by World Bank to classify countries as rich or poor.
Helps measure economic performance but doesn’t reflect inequality.
It’s a basic tool for comparing standards of living between countries.
38. How does investing in improved healthcare infrastructure contribute to the
reduction of preventable diseases and chronic conditions?
Answer:
1.
Early Diagnosis: Better hospitals allow faster detection of diseases.
2.
Vaccination Drives: Prevent spread of infectious diseases.
3.
Public Awareness: Educated population follows hygiene and preventive care.
4.
Better Nutrition: Healthcare includes maternity care and nutrition programs.
5.
Trained Staff: Skilled professionals provide better treatment.
6.
Economic Benefits: Healthy population is more productive and less burdened by healthcare costs.
39. Explain the relationship between population trends and poverty reduction.
Answer:
1.
High Population Growth: Increases pressure on jobs and resources.
2.
More Dependents: Poor families may have more children, increasing financial burden.
3.
Education Burden: Low income families struggle to educate large families.
4.
Job Competition: Too many job seekers lowers wages.
5.
Health Crisis: Larger poor populations strain healthcare systems.
6.
Balanced Growth: Controlled population growth helps reduce poverty effectively.
40. “Poverty is influenced by—and influences—population dynamics, including
population growth, age structure, and rural-urban distribution.” Analyse.
Answer:
1.
High Birth Rates: Poor families tend to have more children due to lack of awareness.
2.
Youth Bulge: A young population can be an asset only if educated and employed.
3.
Urban Migration: Poor move to cities for jobs, leading to slums.
4.
Rural Disparity: Lack of opportunities in villages keeps people poor.
5.
Old Age Poverty: Without pensions, elderly poor suffer.
6.
Solution: Population planning and welfare programs must go hand-in-hand.
41. What was the weapon of Gandhiji to fight against British Empire in India?
Answer:
Gandhiji used non-violent civil disobedience as his main weapon against British rule. His method was rooted in truth (Satyagraha) and non-
violence (Ahimsa).
1.
Non-Cooperation Movement (1920): Gandhi urged Indians to boycott British goods, schools, and services.
2.
Civil Disobedience Movement (1930): Started with the Salt March, encouraging Indians to break unjust colonial laws.
3.
Quit India Movement (1942): Demanded complete British withdrawal from India.
4.
Mass Mobilization: Gandhi’s philosophy awakened millions of Indians from rural and urban areas to participate in peaceful protests.
5.
Constructive Programmes: Gandhi promoted khadi, rural upliftment, and communal harmony to strengthen Indian society internally.
6.
Moral Power: Gandhi believed that moral superiority and collective discipline would dismantle imperial control without violence.
42. How did the British survive in India?
Answer:
The British survived in India for centuries by using a mix of policies and exploitation strategies:
1.
Divide and Rule Policy: They encouraged divisions between Hindus and Muslims, castes, and regions to prevent unity.
2.
Control Over Indian Princes: Many princely states were retained under British suzerainty, offering them privileges in return for loyalty.
3.
Economic Exploitation: Resources, raw materials, and labour were used for the benefit of Britain, while Indian industries were suppressed.
4.
Strong Administration and Army: The British established a powerful bureaucracy and army (mostly Indian soldiers led by British officers)
to crush rebellions.
5.
Suppression of Revolts: All national uprisings (like 1857 revolt) were met with brutal repression and strict laws.
6.
Adaptation and Reforms: The British occasionally introduced reforms like education and railways to gain support from elite sections of
society.
43. Explain Gandhiji’s idea for making non-cooperation as a movement.
Answer:
Gandhiji transformed non-cooperation into a mass movement based on ethical and political grounds:
1.
Moral Grounds: The British had lost legitimacy after Jallianwala Bagh massacre and harsh Rowlatt Act.
2.
Khilafat and Swaraj Link: He united Hindus and Muslims by supporting the Khilafat Movement alongside Non-Cooperation.
3.
Boycott Strategy: Urged Indians to boycott British goods, courts, schools, titles, and offices.
4.
Mass Participation: Movement was designed to include peasants, students, lawyers, women, and workers.
5.
Peaceful Protest: Non-violence was essential. Gandhi believed India’s freedom should be achieved without bloodshed.
6.
Self-Reliance (Swaraj): Gandhi promoted swadeshi, khadi, and Indian institutions as part of building a self-governing nation.
44. Explain the role of ‘Justice Party’ in boycotting of council elections.
Answer:
The Justice Party was a non-Brahmin political organization in Madras Presidency that played a unique role in the context of the Non-
Cooperation Movement:
1.
British-Supported Party: Unlike the Congress, it did not oppose the British because it represented upper-caste non-Brahmins who had
access to power.
2.
Participation in Councils: When Congress decided to boycott council elections under the Non-Cooperation programme, the Justice Party
contested those elections.
3.
Reason for Contesting: They believed only through legislative power could they protect their community interests and gain representation.
4.
Social Agenda: The party emphasized reservation and social justice for backward castes.
5.
Limitation: Though they boycotted Congress’s approach, they did not actively promote mass mobilization or anti-colonial resistance.
6.
Impact: Their participation ensured that British councils continued functioning in some regions despite Congress’s electoral boycott.
45. How was the effect of the ‘Non-Cooperation on the economic front’ dramatic?
Answer:
The Non-Cooperation Movement had a significant economic impact on British interests in India:
1.
Boycott of Foreign Goods: Led to a sharp decline in the sale of British-manufactured textiles and goods.
2.
Swadeshi Promotion: Use of khadi and Indian-made goods increased drastically; looms in India revived.
3.
Burning of Foreign Clothes: Public bonfires of foreign cloth took place in major cities, symbolizing economic defiance.
4.
Decline in Imports: British cloth imports fell by half between 1921 and 1922.
5.
Support to Indian Industry: Local Indian textile and handicraft industries received a boost due to public sentiment.
6.
Moral Defeat for British: Economic boycott made colonial rule appear unsustainable and morally bankrupt.
46. Explain the effect of ‘Boycott’ movement on ‘foreign textile trade’.
Answer:
The boycott of foreign goods, especially textiles, was a major component of the Non-Cooperation Movement:
1.
Mass Boycott: Indians refused to buy or wear foreign cloth, especially British-made textiles.
2.
Public Burnings: Massive rallies and bonfires were organized where foreign clothes were burned.
3.
Economic Decline: Imports of British textiles dropped significantly—almost 50% in a year.
4.
Boost to Swadeshi: Indian handloom and khadi production grew. Gandhi promoted charkha spinning to make Indians self-reliant.
5.
Impact on British Trade: British textile manufacturers suffered huge losses in Indian markets.
6.
Symbolic Resistance: Boycotting foreign cloth became a patriotic act and a mass awakening tool.
47. Why has freedom considered an inalienable right of the Indian people?
Answer:
Freedom is considered an inalienable right because it is essential to the dignity and self-respect of all individuals:
1.
Moral Right: Every person has a natural right to live freely and express themselves without fear.
2.
Colonial Oppression: Under British rule, Indians were denied political freedom, economic rights, and human dignity.
3.
Right to Self-Governance: Indians demanded the right to elect their own leaders and form their own government.
4.
Economic Freedom: Exploitation of resources and wealth by the British denied Indians economic opportunity.
5.
Social Justice: Freedom was also linked to ending social discrimination and achieving equality.
6.
Constitutional Foundation: Post-independence, the Indian Constitution enshrined freedom as a Fundamental Right for all citizens.
48. Why was Purna Swaraj considered essential by the people of India?
Answer:
The demand for Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was declared on 26 January 1930 and was crucial for many reasons:
1.
Failure of British Reforms: Indians were dissatisfied with the limited self-governance provided by the British.
2.
Rejection of Dominion Status: Earlier demands for Dominion Status were not accepted; hence, total freedom was needed.
3.
People’s Will: Mass movements showed that Indians were ready for self-rule and no longer trusted colonial intentions.
4.
Economic Exploitation: British drained India’s wealth and resources; full independence was the only way to stop it.
5.
National Pride: It symbolized the awakening of Indian identity, culture, and unity.
6.
Call for Action: It gave momentum to the Civil Disobedience Movement and strengthened people’s participation in the struggle.
49. Explain the significance of the Lahore Session of Congress (1930).
Answer:
The Lahore Session held in December 1929 under Jawaharlal Nehru’s presidency was a landmark in India’s freedom movement:
1.
Purna Swaraj Resolution: Congress formally declared complete independence (Purna Swaraj) as its goal.
2.
Rejection of Dominion Status: This marked a shift from earlier moderate demands.
3.
Date Fixed for Independence Day: 26 January 1930 was declared as the first Independence Day, celebrated all over India.
4.
Emphasis on Civil Disobedience: It paved the way for launching the Civil Disobedience Movement.
5.
Mobilization of Masses: Gave a clear and direct call to people to participate in the freedom struggle.
6.
Historical Significance: The date (26 January) was later chosen as the day to implement India’s Constitution in 1950.
