TRAINING MANUAL

What is CCTV and how does it work?

CCTV stands for closed-circuit television. A CCTV system consists of a camera, a monitor, and a recording
device. The camera is connected to the monitor through a cable. The recording device is used to record
the images captured by the camera.
The most basic CCTV system includes one camera and one monitor. The camera is mounted on a wall or
ceiling and is pointing towards the area that you want to monitor. The monitor is connected to the
camera through a cable. The recorded images are stored on a DVR or NVR.

More sophisticated CCTV systems can include multiple cameras and monitors. These systems can be
used to monitor different areas at the same time. They can also be used to record events that happen in
sequence, such as a burglary.

The different types of CCTV cameras

There are a few different types of CCTV cameras, and the one you choose will depend on your needs.

Analog CCTV cameras are the most basic type of camera, and they simply capture footage that can be
viewed on a monitor. These cameras are typically used in lower security settings, as the quality of the
footage is not as high as other types of cameras.

Digital CCTV cameras capture footage that is stored on a digital recorder. This type of camera offers
better quality footage than analog CCTV cameras, and it can be easier to view and manage the footage.
However, digital CCTV cameras can be more expensive than analog options.

Network IP CCTV cameras transmit footage over an IP network, which allows you to view the footage
from anywhere in the world. This type of camera is perfect for high security settings or for businesses
that need to monitor multiple locations at once. However, network IP CCTV cameras can be more
expensive than other types of cameras.

TYPES OF CAMERAS

Some of the most popular cameras are discussed in this topic:

1. Dome Camera:

It is known as the “Dome” because of its dome-shaped cabinet.

It is difficult to know the lens direction of the dome camera.
It creates an air of uncertainty (where is the camera's face?) among the criminals.
Suitable for indoor & outdoor use.
Application: - Homes, shops, restaurants, hotels, etc.

TYPES OF CABLES FOR CCTV CONNECTION

How to install a CCTV system

If you are looking to install a CCTV system, there are a few things you need to know. This guide will cover
the basics of installing a CCTV system, including how to choose the right equipment and where to place
cameras.

When it comes to choosing a CCTV system, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, decide what
type of system you need. There are wired and wireless options available. Wired systems are usually more
reliable, but they can be more difficult to install. Wireless systems are easier to install but may not be as
reliable.

Once you have decided on the type of system you need, it is time to choose the right equipment. There
are a few different types of cameras available, so make sure you select one that is appropriate for your
needs. You will also need to purchase a DVR or NVR (digital video recorder or network video recorder) to
store your footage.

When it comes to placement, it is important to consider both security and aesthetics. You want to make
sure your cameras are placed in strategic locations so they can capture footage of any potential threats.
At the same time, you don’t want your cameras to be too obvious so they detract from the look of your
home or business.

Installing a CCTV system can seem like a daunting task, but if you take the time to do your research and
plan ahead, it doesn’t have to be complicated.
6 steps to installing a CCTV system:

Planning is vital for your CCTV installations. Create a security checklist and evaluate your current level of
security as a first step. The process’s goal is to locate weak spots in your defences and vital entry points
into the premises. Consider this data when deciding on the size and features of a security system.

The wiring required for a wired security camera system is typically included in the package. Nonetheless,
the type of security system you set up may be affected by the required length of cabling. Standard DVR
setups require the use of coaxial cables, which can cause image degradation at distances greater than 90
metres.

1. Decide on the location and prepare the installation

Cameras should be aimed to capture the necessary area of view without focusing on bright areas like
windows, doors, or lights. Although adequate lighting is necessary, too much light might diminish image
quality. For this reason, the placement of your cameras and DVR is of paramount importance when
setting up a CCTV system. It helps to maximise your camera coverage while also reducing cable length.

When deciding where to install your home or business security cameras indoors, look for a spot from
where you can see all potential entrance points. There also needs to be access to electricity not far away.
Pick locations that are high enough that the cameras won’t be readily knocked down.
Get the camera in position, then mark your drilling spots with a reference point. Make pilot holes and
tap in the screw mouldings. Make sure the camera is securely fastened in place. Plug the camera’s power
cord into an outlet.

2. Run the cables to the camera sites

After you’ve drilled the necessary holes for the cameras, you can start running the cables to them. To get
cables where they need to go, you will have to make holes in the walls or ceiling. Connectors for
Ethernet cables are not always pre-installed, so you may need to crimp some on yourself.

3. Connect the cables to the DVR

Establish a strategy for the routing of cables connecting the cameras to the DVR. A pre-terminated cable
should be connected from each camera’s location to the DVR’s control point. It is recommended that the
male power plug be situated on the side of the camera. Power outlets are typically found on the side of
control panels. Each camera’s black BNC cable plug should be connected to the DVR’s corresponding
video input socket.
Whether or not you choose to use a wall mount for the DVR box is up to you. Like wall outlets and surge
protectors, most will have mounting holes on the back. It can also be placed on a flat surface like a desk
or table.

4. Mount and install the cameras

First, attach the camera to the end of the cable that emerged from the opening. Then, shove the surplus
back into the opening. Get out your power drill and attach the camera to your building using the
included screws. After the camera has been installed, the adjustment screws can be loosened to make
quick, rough adjustments, and then tightened again once the fine tuning is complete.

5. Switch on the power

Connecting the cables to the DVR can begin once you have successfully routed the other end of the
cables throughout your home or business. Connect the external monitor, keyboard, and mouse to the
DVR box, with each cable going into its corresponding port. An external USB drive can be kept
permanently connected in case you ever need to transfer footage to it. Important information to keep in
mind is that the DVR and the cameras share a common power source. Connect the DVR, monitor, and
camera to the mains electricity.

6. Set-up the DVR

The completion of this step concludes the CCTV installation process. To finish setting up your DVR, refer
to the manual for further instructions. In some cases, the manual will instruct you to install the hard disc
before you can use it, while in others, the hard drive will already be installed and you may get started
right away.