Futsal

Coaching Adapted from FIFA

Manual
Compiled by Gary White & David
Griffiths
 Table of Contents

The Development of Futsal............................................................................................. 2

Planning a Coaching Session....................................................................................................................4

Technique
Passing................................................................................................................................................6
Control.................................................................................................................................................8
Running with the Ball......................................................................................... 10

Tactic
s
Dead-Ball Situations............................................................................................12
Corner Kicks........................................................................................................ 12
Free-Kicks........................................................................................................... 12

Organization of Play
Defending..........................................................................................................................................13
Transitions.........................................................................................................................................17
Attack.................................................................................................................................................19

Physical Preparation....................................................................................................... 21

Physical Qualities
Endurance….....................................................................................................................................22
Strength.............................................................................................................................................23
Speed..................................................................................................................................................24
Suppleness.......................................................................................................................................24
Coordination….................................................................................................................................25

Guidelines for Physical Preparation.......................................................................................................26

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

The Development of Futsal

Established many years ago, futsal, a term that comes from the contraction of "futbol" and
“sala" and which can be translated as "indoor football", is now played by most member
associations of FIFA.

 1930: Juan Carlos Ceriani, a physical education teacher from Montevideo, invents a
new kind of football to play indoors, unaffected by the weather conditions
 1949: After the sport becomes established in Brazil, the Brazilian Asdrubal do
Nascimiento draws up the first rules of the game.
 1965: Foundation of the South American Futbol de Sala Confederation
 1971: Foundation of the International Federation of Futbol de Salon (FIFUSA),
presided over by the future President of FIFA Dr. Joao Havelange
 1982: First world championship organized by FIFUSA
 1985: FIFA decides to add futsal to the world football family
 1989: The first FIFA Futsal World Cup is held in Holland
 1996: FIFA publishes the first official list of referees for Futsal
 2005: The first seminar for FIFA Futsal instructors is held

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Special Features
Futsal is a form of soccer that is played:
 Indoors or Outdoors
 On a smaller field
 With smaller Goals
 With 5 players (4 outfield and a keeper)
 With a specific ball (smaller and less bounce)
 High speed game allowing more touches for players.
 Rules to complement speed of game
 With no offside’s
 And unlimited substitutions

The Motivation to Play and Develop Futsal

1. The Development of Players

The characteristics of the game, such as fewer players, a smaller field, the special Futsal
ball and an unlimited number of substitutions;
 Increase contact with the ball and shot on goal
 Limits time and space to control and pass the ball
 Favors rapid decision making
 Favors a dynamic playing system and the rotation of positions
 Involves and motivates all players
 Facilitates accurate passing and makes Futsal the perfect tool to develop and
improve technical, tactical understanding, agility, coordination and also the players
speed in both Futsal and 11-a- side soccer.

2. Accessibility
 Little infrastructure is required
 It is possible to use existing facilities (eg. Schools and YMCA)
 Not as many players are needed
 Not affected by climate or seasonal weather conditions.

3. New Opportunities
 Opportunities for even small clubs to host competitions.
 Possible revenue builder

4. A Compliment to Mainstream Soccer

 A potential first step to mod level and then 11 a side
 It expands the soccer base
 Diversification and extension of facilities, both indoor and outdoor
 The only indoor soccer approved by FIFA.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Planning a Coaching Session

If sessions are not planned, they will turn out to be haphazard at best. Consequently, the
players will also be haphazard in their playing habits. Long, detailed, written plans are not
necessary; however, jotting down main ideas, and taking some time and thought to plan
the day will greatly enhance the experience for everyone.

A well-planned session which moves quickly from one activity to the other adds to the
satisfaction of the players, commands respect and improves performance. Plus, focused,
enthused players are seldom injured and almost never present discipline problems.

Planning a successful session takes skill, a skill which is developed with time. Each time out
should be a learning experience, both for the coaches and players.

Take into account: The Prepare: Equipment Specify: The Exercise

Session
Objectives (technical, The field Objectives
Tactical, etc)
Season Goals Duration, breaks & intensity
Week Balls (pumped) Coaching points
Day of the Week Pinnies Organization
Last match & next match Cones Progressions
Number of sessions a week Whistle Equipment needed
Conclusions from previous Stop watch Number and positions of
session players
Number of players available Position of the coach
Standard of the players
Positions of the players
Facilities and Equipment
available
Weather Conditions

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Example of a Session Plan

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Technique

Passing
Passing is a key element of attacking play. It is vital to maintain concentration and balance
in order to pass properly.

Activity #1 - Alternate Passing

The player in the centre returns the ball to team-mates at the side of the pitch. Alternating
rapidly from one side to the other. The player uses both feet. Every 20 passes a player from
the side changes places with the player in the center. The player at the side, after passing
the ball to the centre, changes places with another team-mate at the side in order to
alternate participation

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Improved •Start with a •Watch the
accuracy and short distance (5 position of the
speed of yards), moving body when the
passing. on to medium player strikes the
distance (10 ball
yards) and finally •Make sure that the
long distance (20 strike of the ball is
yards). crisp, not prolonged.
•Make sure that the
player who is going
to make the pass
looks left and right to
get used to
gathering
information

Activity #2 - Possession of the Ball

The exercise is played on half the pitch, with no restrictions on movement in this area. The
attacking team is assisted by a neutral player and tries to keep possession for 20 passes. If
the defending team wins possession of the ball, the teams change roles. The neutral always
assists the attacking team. If the attacking team manages to achieve 20 passes without
losing possession of the ball, the defending team has to do 5 push-ups and then the same
attacking team starts the game again.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Improving •The game can •Make sure that
passing on the be played with the player looks up
move and when an un- limited before receiving
faced by an number of the ball in order to
opponent touches per see the
player or movements of
restricted to two others.
touches, or even
one touch, per •Pay special
player. attention to team
mates losing their
markers in order to
facilitate passing.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Activity #3: Attacking with a Limited Number of Passes

A real game using the whole pitch. Rules: the players of the team in possession have a
maximum of two touches in their own half of the pitch and unrestricted play in the other
half.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Efficient •The rules can be •Constantly remind
passing changed players by shouting
depending on depending on the out the number of
the zone of objective of the touches in each
play. exercise, allowing area of the pitch.
one touch in the
players' own half
and unrestricted
play in the other
half; or
unrestricted in
their own half and
two touches in the
opponents' half,
etc

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Control
Good control of the ball ensures possession is retained and helps to initiate the next move
more speedily and effectively. To allow proper control, the speed has to be taken off the
ball. This means that the part of the body used to control the ball must be relaxed at the
time of contact.

Activity #1 – Various Controls

A circuit with three stations is set Up (A, B, C):
At station (A), the players pass the ball along the ground in order to practice control with
the sole of the foot. At station (B), the pass is short distance but off the ground, such that
control is made using the chest, thigh or foot as appropriate. At station (C), the passes are
longer and control is made by the chest, sole or inside of the foot, to absorb the speed of
the ball, meaning that it is whether the passes are along the ground or in the air, fast or
slow. Once a player has controlled the ball, he alternates with a team- mate. The players
change station every five minutes. The exercise is conducted with both feet.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Making •Station C can •Which part of the
control include finishing body that is used to
techniques to make it more control
instinctive like a real move.
•Make sure that
players get used to
looking left and right
before receiving a
ball

Activity #2 – Directed Control

A player passes the ball firmly along the ground from the touch line. Another player runs
from the other touch line, feints at the cone, anticipates the trajectory of the ball, carries
out directed control towards the goal and then shoots. Each player changes to the opposite
group after his turn. This exercise should be conducted from both sides of the pitch so that
players use both feet.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Improving •A defender can •The player who is
directed control be used instead going to use the
of the cone, first directed control
•Coordination shadowing must start when his
between the the active player, defender has lost
direction and then defending visual contact
speed of a team passively and because of the feint
mate and the finally defending
power of the actively. •Synchronizing the
pass strength of the pass
with the speed and
direction of the
player who conducts
the directed control

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Activity #3 – 5 v 5 Game
The only rule IS that the defenders use one-to-one marking so that the attackers have to
feint in order to beat the defender. The player anticipates the pass from a teammate so
that they can use directed control to get past the opponent. If the ball is controlled normally
and not directed, the defender soon regains position and no numerical or positional
advantage is gained.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Practicing •A rule can be •During the match,
directed introduced do not lose sight of
control in a making it the fact that the
match necessary to main objective is
situation. control the ball directed control.
before scoring if
the goal is to
count.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Running with the Ball

When running with the ball, whatever part of the foot is used, the most important thing is
that the ball should be an extension of the foot so that the player doesn't have to look down
but rather can look about to see what is happening in the game. This means that the
tactical decisions taken will be much more effective with this wider field of view than if the
player has to concentrate on the ball.

Activity #1 - Running with the Ball Along the Lines

The players move along the lines of the pitch while maintaining control of a ball. When
meeting a team mate coming the other way, they turn around and go back along the line.

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Making •The coach •For the player to
running with stands on the have a wide field
the ball pitch and of vision (does
instinctive indicates with not look
gestures continually at the
•Using the (without ball)
inside, outside speaking) which
and sole of the foot the players •The ball should
foot should use, and not leave the foot
even which part
•Using both feet of the foot. This
makes the
player maintain
control while at
the same time
looking up to
see the coach's
instructions.

Activity #2 - Eliminating Opponents

The players each run with a ball in a restricted space. The coach stands outside this area
with an arm raised showing a certain number of fingers. The players must run with their ball
while raising their hand showing the same number of fingers as the coach. This demand that
the players are getting their head up and looking for information. They try to kick the balls
controlled by team-mates out of the area while protecting their own ball. If a ball leaves the
specified area, that player is eliminated and has to do push- ups before returning to the
game. The coach changes the number of fingers held up every five seconds.

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Running with •The coach •The players
the ball while can shout out have one arm
maintaining a what part of raised but use
good field of the foot the other
view in a should arm to gain
challenging be used to information
situation control the ball about the
locations of their
•The coach opponents and to
can change protect the ball
which hand is •Make sure
raised to players look up
indicate in order to get
which foot information
should be used about their
by the players situation while
under maximum
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pressure

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Activity #3 – Counter Attacks while Running with the Ball

The goalkeeper passes the ball to one side of the pitch. The player receiving the ball runs
with it, using at least three touches, before passing to a team mate on the other side of the
pitch who then runs in to shoot at goal. After the goalkeeper has played the ball out, the
defender (red) drops back to defend against the attack. When a move has finished it is
repeated towards the other goal using the players at the halfway line (yellow) with one of
the other players in red coming on to act as a defender.

Objective: Variations: Coachin

g
points:
•Running •A restriction •Make sure that
With the ball on the players position
in a match amount of their bodies
situation. time before correctly while
finishing can running with the
be imposed ball, in order to
(eg. 5- have a view of
'10 seconds). their team-
mates and of the
goalkeeper

•Make sure that

attackers who
run off the ball
measure their
speed in order to
offer themselves
as a safe pass

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Tactics
Dead-Ball Situations

Kick-Ins
There are two main objectives from kick-ins:
1. To launch an attempt on goal
2. To ensure possession of the ball is retained

These objectives are influenced by the distance from the opponents' goal, the position of
the opposing defenders, and the position of the attackers and, very importantly, how the
player taking the kick-in reads the game.

Corner Kicks
The main objective of corners is to score a goal or at least create problems for the
opponents. Sometimes the objective is merely to retain possession of the ball. This latter
option depends on the score, the time left in the match, the possibility of the corner being
effective and how the player taking the corner reads the situation.

Free Kicks

The most important thing about free kicks is coordination between the movements of the
team and the delivery of the ball by the player taking the free kick. In this situation, it is
very important that the player taking the free kick has excellent timing and can play the
ball accurately and with the right strength. For this reason, the player taking the free kick
should be unhurried and very good at reading the game.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Organization of Play
Defending

Individual Defense
•This approach is very physically demanding
•Individual responsibility
•The objective is not just the ball, but also the opponent

Activity #1 - Individual Defense

3 v 3 to one goal. Each attacker wears a different colored bib. The defenders have to pair
up with an attacker and not lose them during the attacking move. The roles
(attacker/defender) are changed after every five attacks. At the end of the exercise, the
number of goals is counted up to see which team has defended better.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Practicing •Impose a time •Do not lose sight
individual limit on finishing of the assigned
marking. the move. attacker

•The defender
should not keep
too tight on the
attacker this
makes it easier to
counteract his
attempts to move
into space

Activity #2 – Game
A 5 v 5 game with only one-to-one marking.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Practicing •Upon the •The same as
individual coach's signal, the previous
marking in a individual exercise
match defense is
situation. imposed in half, •Look at the ball
one third or from time to time
three-quarters of to get information,
the pitch but without losing
sight of the
•Individual marked player
defense can
cause an
opponent to
make more
mistakes

•Cover is
not
provided

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Zonal Defending
•Facilitates defensive cover
•Favors the organization of counterattacks when the baII is recovered
•Less physically demanding than other types of defense
•Improves team unity
•Requires great coordination between zones
•The defensive reference point is the ball, not the opponent

Activity #1 - Zonal Defense

6 attackers against 4 defenders and goalkeeper. The attacking team members throw the
ball to each other as many times as they want, but the players do not move. The defenders
have to move towards the ball without losing their zonal organization.

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Making •The attackers •Defenders must
movements can move and place their body
corresponding even score a weight on their
to the position goal toes and not on
of the ball their heels in order
instinctively. •The ball is to move more
kicked Instead quickly
of thrown
•When moving,
•Impose a defenders have
time limit for to watch not
finishing only the ball
but also the
movement of
their team
mates

Activity #2 – 5 v 5 Game
5 v 5 plus a coach on each touch line with a ball. At any point in the game, one of the
coaches can pass a ball to the nearest attacking player and the previous ball no longer
counts. This creates a new match situation and consequent defensive reaction

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Practicing the •Use more balls •The same as
reorganization the previous
of a zonal •Impose a time exercise.
defense limit on
depending on finishing or
the position of winning the ball
the ball.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Mixed Defense
•The two types of marking are combined in a mixed defense
•This normally means that each player marks a zone except for one who carries out
individual marking. However, this is not a fixed rule as it depends on the coach

Activity – 5 v 5 Game
A real game in which the defending team defends zonally except for one player who
defends the attacker in the green bib individually.

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Practicing •Challenge the •In this kind of
mixed defense defender to defense, the
in a real match. prevent the player defending
attacker in the individually does
green bib from not need to watch
touching the ball the ball, just make
a certain number sure that the
of times marked player
does not receive it
•Impose a
time limit on •for the other
finishing the players, apply the
move or coaching points
winning from zonal
the ball marking

•This type of
defense is
usually
employed to
neutralize the
opponents' key
player

•It does not

have to be
used
throughout
the match, only
when required
by the
circumstances

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Alternating Defense
•This approach requires mastery of the various types of defense
•References within play are needed in order to change the type of defense
•Requires coordination between players so that they make the same decision at the same time
•Disconcerts and surprises the opponents
•When used well, this approach gives the defending team a lot of confidence

Activity – Real Game

A game of 5 v 5. The initial rule is that the team defends zonally in its own half of the pitch
and individually on the other side of the halfway line.

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Practicing •A rule can be •It is very
alternating applied that important that
defense in a the team the first
match defends in one defensive line
situation. way until the takes the
coach shouts initiative as the
"Change!" The other players
team then follow this lead.
changes the
type of
defense
irrespective of
what part of
the pitch it is
playing.

•There are
other methods
for changing the
style of defense,
but these are
specific to each
coach. For
example: when
the opponents
pass the ball
back to the
goalkeeper, the
team defends
individually
everywhere on
the
pitch .

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Transitions
Transitions are a really exciting part of Futsal as they demonstrate the speed, skill,
teamwork and passion of the game.

Defensive Transitions

Activity #1 - After an Attempt on Goal

The yellow team attacks from a gradual build-up. When a phase of play finishes, the player
who shot at goal and the corresponding defender take no further part in the exercise. The
defending team rapidly turns to attack while the other team defends in a 3 v 3 situation.

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Defensive •A time limit •When a team
transition can be loses the ball, the
after an imposed on players should
attempt on each move. not be distracted,
goal. they should only
be concerned
with dropping
back to defend

•One defender
should try to hold
up the
counterattacking
opponent, not to
dispossess him but
to slow him down
and give the other
defenders time to
get back into
position

Activity #2 - Reduced Space

A 3 v 3 game on half a pitch with two goalkeepers. The reduced amount of space means
that there are constant transitions, both offensive and defensive

Objective: Variations: Coachin

g
points:
•Constant •The game •The same as
repetition can be played the previous
of one touch, exercise.
transitions two touches
. or
unrestricted
touches.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Offensive Transitions

Activity #1 - Numerical Inequalities

Both teams have a goalkeeper and defender in their own half of the pitch and two attackers
in the opponent's half of the pitch. None of the players can enter the opposite half of the
pitch. The goalkeeper can clear the ball directly to his team mates in the other half of the
pitch to start a 2 against 1 attack, or he can supply the ball to his team-mate nearby to start
a 1 v 2 attack. This player has to try to pass to his team mates on the other half of the pitch.

Objective: Variations: Coachin

g
points:
•Working on •If the •The most
the attacking important point
effectiveness team player is that the
of offensive closest to the attackers of
transitions goalkeeper the second line
and numerical receives the open up clear
advantages. ball and passing
manages to channels
pass it to his
teammates •Once the ball
in the other is received by
half of the the players in
pitch, he joins the second
them in a 3 ball line,
against 1 speed is the
attack key.

•play 2v3/3v2

•A time limit
can be
imposed on
the transition

•A limit
of
touches

Activity #2 - Teams of Three Players

One goalkeeper in each goal and three teams of three players on the pitch. The team in the
centre starts by attacking a goal and tries to get around the defending team to score. Once
the attack finishes for any reason (possession of the ball lost, shot goes wide, goal, etc.),this
team becomes the defending team and the previous defending team attacks the other goal.
This sequence is repeated several times.

Objective: Variations: Coachin

g
points:

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

•Constant •A team •Movement

repetition that scores of attackers
of a goal off the ball
transitions continues
attacking •Speed of
passing the ball
•A time limit
can be
imposed on
each attack

•A limit on the
number of
passes in each
attack can be
imposed

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Attack
Attacking is the phase of play that requires most practice and experience. For a positional
or gradual build-up attack to be successful requires patience, knowing how to read and
understand the game and how to cause the opposing defense to become disorganized
and take advantage of this. A quick attack, to be effective, needs speed, accuracy and an
element of surprise.

Quick Attack
Activity #1 - After Winning the Ball
The yellow team attacks using just one player against four defenders. Two other players
from the attacking team wait in their own half. The fourth player of the attacking team is off
the pitch and does not take part at the moment. When the red team recovers the ball, they
launch a quick attack. At this point, the yellow team player who lost the ball drops back to
assist and the team mate who was off the pitch also joins in to help. The players of the red
team try to finish a move before their opponents can organize themselves.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•A rapid attack •A time limit can •The player who
after winning be imposed on wins the ball has to
possession of the quick attack. move towards the
the ball. centre in order to
create two
channels.

•Once the ball is

won, speed is
crucial

•Always finish,
even if the ball
goes out, so that
the opponents
cannot
counterattack

Activity #2 - Quick Attack Down the Wing

In a 5 v 5 game, the yellow team attacks against a closed down defense. The goalkeeper
has a supply of balls available in the goal. Once a phase of play has finished, two players
from the defending team quickly run out, one to each wing to create a numerical
advantage. The goalkeeper passes the ball to the player in the best position.

Objective: Variations: Coaching points:

•Creating a •If the attack •The two players
numerical ends in a goal, that come out at
advantage on the attacking speed along the
the wings by a team starts wings have to do
quick attack another move so one or two
seconds apart. One
•A time limit can decoy for the
be imposed on defense, the
the yellow second offers an
team's positional element of surprise
attack
•The goalkeeper's
•Impose a body language
time limit on should disguise
the quick where the ball will
attack (eg. 7 actually be played
seconds)

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Positional or Build-Up Attack

Activity #1 - Successive Attacks

A 5 v 5 game using half the pitch. The same team always attacks. If the ball goes out or is
stopped by the goalkeeper, the coach, located in the center of the pitch with a supply of
balls, starts off a new attack. The teams change roles after a certain number of attacks.

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Successive •A time limit •The emphasis is
positional can be on the speed of
attacks imposed on passing the ball
each attack rather than the
speed of the
•Impose a players'
minimum movements
number of
passes before •Long lateral
finishing passes should be
avoided as they
are very
dangerous when
faced with an
organized defense

Activity #2 - 5 v 4 Game
The goalkeeper of the attacking team comes out of goal to join the attack. (both teams can score)

Objective: Variations: Coaching

points:
•Built-up •A time limit •Look for speed
attack with can be and accuracy in
numerical imposed on passing the ball
advantage. each attack
•Very patient
•Change to a build- up until an
1- 2-1-2 opportunity
formation arises

•Ensure an
easy backwards
pass is always
available

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Physical Preparation

Specific Qualities and Requirements

In Futsal, the development of the players' physical condition must take into account the
specific features of the game. The purely physiological objective is to provide the energy
resources to make the players' tactics and techniques as effective as possible. With this in
mind, the duration of efforts should be measured (timed) and the intensity (heart-rates) and
distances run recorded. The invariable dynamic of the process of training physical condition
is: load-fatigue-recovery-adaptation. The coach applies a load in training that causes a state
of fatigue. As the body recovers from this, it adapts and in this way improves on the initial
level. If the loads are very intense and frequent or the rest periods very short, this can lead
to overtraining. If the loads are very light or the recovery period is too long, then the
adaptation process does not occur and the level does not improve.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Physical Qualities

1. Endurance
This is the capacity to cope with efforts of greater or lesser intensity over the longest time
possible.

Training methods: Continuous Uniform

 This is uninterrupted running for a set time or distance at a constant pace
 The duration of the effort ranges from 20-30 minutes to 60-90 minutes
 The heart rate when working ranges from 120-150 bpm to 160-180 bpm
 This means working at between 45-80% of maximum oxygen consumption

Continuous Variable
 This is running with changes of pace at certain times or distances
 This method not only improves aerobic capacity but also works on aerobic power
 It allows an interaction of the times and distances of work with the times and
distances of recovery
 The duration of effort varies from 20-60 minutes
 The heart rate when working ranges from 140-180 bpm
 This means working at between 45-90% of maximum oxygen consumption

Extensive Intervals
 This technique is used to target more specific objectives associated with
futsal (e.g. short, explosive efforts with incomplete recovery)
 The duration of effort ranges from 60-90 seconds
 The heart rate when working ranges from 160-180 bpm
 The heart rate when recovering should not go below 120 bpm
 The maximum oxygen consumption values are 70-95%
 Example: interval training, fartlek

Intensive Intervals
 These sessions target lactic anaerobic power and capacity as well as the
improvement of alactic anaerobic power and capacity
 The duration of effort is 20-30 seconds for the former and 8-15 seconds for the latter
 The heart rate when recovering should not go below 120 bpm
 Example: sets of runs between 50m and 400m (efforts of between 6-7
seconds and 70- 80 seconds, which are the shortest and longest efforts
typical of futsal)

Repetitions
 This method concentrates mostly on developing lactic anaerobic power,
alactic anaerobic endurance and speed endurance
 There is complete recovery between sets
 The duration of efforts varies from 10-45 seconds depending on the
objective of the training
 The repetition of efforts increases lactate levels
 Example: sets of runs over distances comparable to those required in the sport

With Additional Resistance

 Changes in intensity are affected by the angle and length of Inclines
 Example: sets conducted on inclines

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2. Strength
This is the capacity to overcome an external resistance by employing muscular strength.

Training Methods:
The methods depend on the type of competition and the type of strength to be worked on
in accordance with the training schedule.

Muscular Development
 Develops maximum strength
 Use of medium loads (40-60%)

Intramuscular Coordination
 Develops maximum strength
 Very high loads (75-100%)

Plyometrics
 Development of maximum strength through the collaboration of the nervous
and muscular systems arising when carrying out jumps and throws (multi-
jumps, using steps)
 This approach is recommended for high-performance training
 It is recognized as transfer training, in other words, the improvement of a
technical skill through a specific analytical physical exercise

Combined
 This method brings together all the forms of developing strength depending
on whether we want to improve muscular development or intramuscular
coordination
 It is achieved by different combinations of the amount of load moved and
the number of repetitions

Speed Strength, Rapid or Explosive

 The Increase in speed strength is preceded by an increase in maximum strength
 This can be worked on in the same session using a transfer method

Endurance Strength
 Light loads are used (20-50%) with a high number of repetitions
 Circuit training is very useful for this approach

Exercises:
 Body weight training
 Isometrics
 Plyometrics

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3. Speed
This is the capacity to carry out motor actions in the shortest time possible.

Training Methods:
Reaction Speed
 Reaction to various stimuli (visual, audio, tactile, etc.)
 Increasing the demands regarding the speed of perception, for example by
changing external stimuli (increasing the number of balls In play, reducing the
space for the activity, numerical advantage or disadvantage, etc.)

Acceleration Speed
 To improve this feature requires the development of strength and speed strength
 Starts from different positions, changes of pace, multi-jumps, plyometrics, etc.

Maximum Speed
 In developing this type of speed, intermuscular and intramuscular
coordination is very important, as well as coordination between agonist
and antagonist muscles
 Repetitions are used
 The effort should not last more than 6 seconds

Speed Endurance
 Use short sets, as for maximum speed, but with a greater number of sets
and a reduced recovery time
 Endeavour to make sure that the efforts conducted are lactic anaerobic

4. Suppleness
This is the physiological capacity to achieve the maximum possible amplitude of movement
in the joints without any delay in recovery or deterioration of the initial position.
Influential Factors
 The central nervous system
 Muscle tone
 The aponeurosis (membrane surrounding muscle bundles)
 Time of day
 Environmental temperature
 Age

The optimum age for developing suppleness is 11-14 years. Relaxed and forced passive
movements should be introduced at 12-17 years. From the age of 17, general work on
suppleness continues as well as concentration on the joints and muscle groups specific to
the sport.

Exercises:
 Touching toes
 Splits
 Passive stretching
 Dynamic stretching

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

5. Coordination
This is a neuromuscular quality that allows a human being's movements to be organized,
regulated and executed accurately, dynamically and energy-efficiently.

Types of Coordination
 General dynamics: Refers to global movements (e.g. running, jumping, etc.)
 Segmental coordination: Refers to movements of an individual body segment
(hand-eye, foot-eye coordination, etc.)

Exercises:
 Jumping with legs out or split, arms out or in front
 Turns and somersaults
 Exercises with hoops, poles, etc.
 Jumping with feet together, circling arms forwards or backwards
 Triple jump with feet together
 Hopping
 Jumps using apparatus
 Climbing using ropes, beams, inclined benches, etc.

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Guidelines of Physical Preparation for Young Players

When considering physical activities for children, the psychological and biological aspects of
their growth at different ages have to be taken into account.

 Adapt the rules of the game to the children's level of knowledge and
development so that it motivates them.
 Adapt the tasks to the children's levels of preparation.
 Every child should have positive reinforcement.
 The objectives should be short-term ones so that the children do not
become de- motivated
 The fun of playing, curiosity, etc. are motivational factors for children
 Failure in competition can de-motivate children. For this reason,
participation should be emphasized and positively reinforced

Endurance
 The genetic influence on maximum oxygen consumption is 90% while
training only accounts for 10%
 Lactic anaerobic efforts should be delayed until the age of 15-16

Strength
 Work can start on improving maximum strength from the age of 16-17, with caution
 Work can start on developing explosive power from the age of 16-18
 Lactate endurance strength can be developed from the age of 18

Speed
 Exercises and games working on speed with short efforts can be
introduced for young players
 Acceleration and speed of movement can be trained from the age of 14-15
for boys and 9-13 for girls
 Intense speed training usually starts from the age of 16

Suppleness
 Suppleness reduces with age
 Children's suppleness starts to reduce considerably from the age of 10 for
boys and 12 for girls
 Bone structure is more consolidated from the age of 14-16, meaning
that muscular strength increases and muscular elasticity may be
reduced
 There should be daily work on suppleness

Coordination
Work to improve coordination can be classified into three groups:

1. Exercises that do not require the use of equipment:

Various exercises for the head, trunk, limbs; different types of turns, jumps, changes
of rhythm, etc.
2. Exercises involving the skilful handling of equipment:
Work with sticks, balls, ropes, etc. In addition to the skill of handling, this also
practices calculating possible trajectories and suitable positions for throwing and
receiving.
3. Exercises that are specific to the sport:

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 Futsal Coaching Manual

Ball control: running with the ball, dribbling, etc. When coaching coordination, it is
advisable to start with exercises from the first of these groups.

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