UNIT FOUR.

LONDON, NEW YORK, KYIV

LEAD-IN

So, this is London

London is old, London is gray. London’s a closed book yet. It is not a bit like Paris or New York, or
Stockholm, or any other capital in the world. Compared to New York, which is all vertical, London seems all
flat. Where is the centre? In Paris you have the Arc de Triumphe, the Eiffel Tower, Notre Dame. Every
Roman city is marked by a Forum. Moscow has its Kremlin. Kyiv is known for its Khreshchatik Street. But
London … London is different. It is so very English. No striking spots at first glance. It is like the postcards,
the films, the pictures. London is as grand as attractive, full of historic associations, surviving customs and
traditions.

Do you know that: the first Tube Railway in the world was opened in London;
the London buses first came on the streets of London in 1829 and they were
imported from Paris;
the Tower of London was a fortress, a palace, a prison and even a royal zoo;
the State pensioners, the Queen’s ravens, live at the Tower;
the Great Bell of Big Ben weighs 13.5 tons, each face is 7.50 m in diameter, the
minute hand is 4.26m;
it was the cold winter and the Fire in 1666 that saved the city and the people from
the Plague;
St. Paul’s Cathedral is the finest Renaissance church in Europe.

Read and study the text.

INTRODUCING LONDON

On the banks of the Thames there was a small Celtic settlement named Llyn-din, which means a
lonely port. It was a long time before the Romans came and called it Londinium. They made it a large and
rich city with good streets, beautiful palaces, shops and villas. The word London was originally restricted to
the City of London proper, but with the growth of the capital from the eleventh century onwards, the
surrounding districts were absorbed one by one to make up the vast metropolis which is London today.
Actually, there are several Londons. First, the City is the oldest part, about 1 square mile in area, but it
includes the Bank of England in Threadneedle Street and the headquarters of very many of the wealthiest
companies and corporations in the world. The Square Mile (another name for the City) has its own Lord
Mayor, its own style of government, a system little changed since the Middle Ages, and its own police force.
There one can find St. Paul’s Cathedral with Fleet Street near it.
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 Second, there is the County of London. This is composed of separate boroughs: the City of
Westminster with Buckingham Palace, Westminster Abbey, the Houses of Parliament, the National Gallery;
Greenwich; the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in addition to the City of London. Many London
boroughs (or parts of them) were once villages. For example, the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
includes two former villages which were famous for their market gardens and vegetables produce. Strangely
enough, many Londoners still have the feeling that they live in a village.
Finally, there is Greater London, which extends for about 20 miles in every direction from the Charing
Cross, the busy road intersection between Trafalgar Square and Whitehall, including the City of London, the
County of London, and some former counties. The population of Greater London is over eight million.
The metropolis is governed by the Greater London Council. Its main function is to deal with problems
that affect the whole metropolitan area, such as traffic control, major road construction and maintenance, big
housing developments and planning for the entire area.
London is traditionally divided into the West End and the East End. The West End is known for its
shopping, entertainment and parks. It includes Mayfair - the upper-middle class area represented by Regent
Street, Oxford Street, Park Lane and Piccadilly; Bloomsbury with its literary and cultural traditions, the
British Museum, London University, theatres, cinemas, picture galleries and the famous London parks where
one can forget that it is a city at all.
The best-known parks are Hyde Park, Green Park and Regent’s Park. Much of the parkland was
originally preserved by the kings of England for their sport of hunting. They are still called Royal Parks, but
they are open for the public. Everyone is impressed to learn that in all London parks you may walk on the
grass and lie down to rest on it, weather permitting. Hyde Park is the largest park in London. There is
something peculiarly soothing in watching the waves of the Serpentine canal which flows through the park.
It is always full of swimmers, rowers and sunbathers. Just south of the Serpentine is Rotten Row, a
fashionable spot for horse-riding and near Marble Arch is Speaker’s Corner where one could hear the most
outlandish ideas. In the north of London is Regent’s Park with a zoo and an open air theatre. A trip along
Regent’s canal in a waterbus gives a chance to see London Little Venice.
The East End contains all main dock areas and is heavily industrialized. It is the country’s main centre
of printing and of manufacture of clothing, food and many other products. Factories are scattered throughout
the older innercity districts, where they are often surrounded by streets of small houses. A number of
factories have been encouraged to move out of London. Londoners themselves are looking for better
housing, better job opportunities and fresher air to breathe, away from the city.
Since mid-century London’s skyline has changed. It has assumed a new profile with familiar shapes
set in a new perspective of towering blocks of flats and offices. The Post Office Tower is one of the city’s
tallest buildings and a landmark that can be seen from all over London.
While visiting London even once one can feel the real pulse of English history; witness the pomp and
pageantry of the Changing of the Guard, enjoy the quiet flow of the Thames, take a guided tour in a red
double-decker bus and see miles of streets, lanes, bricks, stone, glass, concrete.
No city in the world attracts so much as London!

Speech patterns

1. It was a long time before the Romans came and called it Londinium.

It was a long time before he found the courage to talk to her.

It was a long time before she made up her mind about what to do.
It was a long time before they learnt the truth.
It was a long time before he realized what was going on in the house.

2. Everyone is impressed to learn that in all London parks you may walk on
the grass and lie down to rest on it.

I was impressed to learn that no concessions could be made in matters of principle.

They were delighted to find out that no changes were planned.
She is delighted to learn that the show will be televised.
Everybody was shocked to hear that an innocent man had been convicted.

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 He was pleased to see that things were changing for the better.

3. There is something peculiarly soothing in watching the waves of the

Serpentine Canal.

There is something peculiarly restful in returning to work.

There is something peculiarly distasteful in getting up early.
There is something peculiarly annoying in listening to that noise.
There is something peculiarly invigorating in taking an early walk.

4. No city in the world attracts so much as London.

No system of government is perfect.

No intelligent person could do such a stupid thing.
No problem is harder to solve than this one.
No example is relevant to this case.

SPEECH PATTERN EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions using Pattern I.

Example: Did you learn to play computer games while attending a computer programming course?
No, it was a long time before I learned to play computer games.

1. Did you get used to this camera while travelling in Spain?

2. Did you start saving money while working in the bank?
3. Did he make up his mind what to do while talking to her?
4. Did she notice his car while crossing the street?
5. Did her father pass his driving-test while training to be a shop manager?
6. Did she wear glasses while studying at the university?
7. Did the car stop while running out of petrol?
8. Did Tom collect stamps while being a second-year student?
9. Did Ann and Jack meet while taking driving lessons?
10. Did she arrange insurance while preparing to go on holiday abroad?

1. No, it was a long time before I got used to this camera.

2. No, it was a long time before I started saving money.
3. No, it was a long time before he made up his mind what to do.
4. No, it was a long time before she noticed his car.
5. No, it was a long time before her father passed his driving test.
6. No, it was a long time before she wore glasses.
7. No, it was a long time before the car stopped.
8. No, it was a long time before Tom collected stamps.
9. No, it was a long time before Ann and Jack met.
10. No, it was a long time before she arranged insurance.

Exercise 2. Use the following words to complete the sentences below (Pattern 2).

Astonished / find / know delighted / get

sorry / hear impressed / find out
pleased / see / learn glad / hear / introduce
ashamed / say / mention shocked / hear

1. She was delighted to get that she had been admitted to the college. 2. He was glad to introduce his
son to the headmaster of a good New England school. 3. He pleased to have some river memory of youth
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and health from his boyhood on the Rhine. 4. I was sorry to see him tortured, doubtful, confused. 5. It was
astonished to find that the Tower of London had been a palace, a prison and even a menagerie. 6. I was
really pleased to get your letter last week. 7. When I walked into my room I was shocked to find a complete
stranger sitting in an armchair. 8. I am sorry to hear that your mother is ill. I hope she gets better soon. 9.
Hello! I’m so glad you could come. I’m really glad to see you again. 10. He was impressed to find out that
Jenny loved Mozart, Bach, the Beatles. 11. You would be astonished to know what my credit is at the bank.
12. I am ashamed to even mention it. 13. I was ashamed to say that all my employees found it intolerable.
14. I was ashamed hello to him in the street.

Exercise 3. a) Respond to these statements (Pattern 3).

Example: I don’t mind pop music, but I prefer classical music.

There is something peculiarly soothing in listening to classical music.
(peculiarly soothing, peculiarly restful, peculiarly annoying, peculiarly invigorating, extremely dull,
perfectly respectable)
I don't mind walking at night.
 There is something perfectly respectable in walking at night.
I like to play the guitar in the evening.
 There is something peculiarly soothing in playing the guitar in the evening.
Tom prefers driving to traveling by train.
 There is something peculiarly invigorating in driving.
I'd rather see Helen dancing.
 There is something peculiarly pleasing in seeing Helen dancing.
We spend evenings listening to the records.
 There is something peculiarly restful in listening to the records.
She dislikes going shopping.
 There is something peculiarly annoying in going shopping.
I wouldn't like his job.
 There is something extremely dull in having his job.
She always goes for a walk with her dog in the morning.
 There is something peculiarly invigorating in going for a walk with her dog in the morning.
In my opinion the film wasn't very good.
 There is something extremely dull in watching that film.
She didn't feel like taking a taxi, so she walked home.
 There is something peculiarly invigorating in walking home.
We stopped at a pretty village on the way to London.
 There is something peculiarly restful in stopping at a pretty village.
I admire the bird singing.
 There is something peculiarly soothing in listening to the bird singing.

b) Make up sentences of your own.

There is something peculiarly comforting in drinking a cup of tea in the morning.

There is something peculiarly exciting in exploring a new city.

There is something peculiarly frustrating in waiting in a long line.

There is something perfectly satisfying in finishing a good book.

There is something extremely tiring in working a double shift.

There is something peculiarly calming in watching the sunset over the ocean.

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 Exercise 4. a) Translate the sentences from English into Ukrainian.

Pattern 1.

It was a long time before this family came to Rome. Це було задовго до того, коли ця сім'я
приїхала до Риму..

It was a long time before she dared to say the truth. Це було задовго до того, коли вона наважилася
сказати правду.

It was a long time before they met. Це було задовго до того, коли вони зустрілися.

It was a long time before two brothers began getting on very well together. Це було задовго до того, коли
два брати почали дуже добре ладнати.

It was a long time before such things happened to a family like this. Це було задовго до того, коли такі
речі трапилися з такою сім'єю, як ця.

It was a long time before he got married. Це було задовго до того, коли він одружився.

Pattern 2.

The father was shocked to know the truth. Батько був шокований, дізнавшись правду.

He seemed pleased to see me there. Здавалося, він був радий бачити мене там.

The students were impressed to find out the news about their future trip to England. Студенти були
вражені, дізнавшись новини про їхню майбутню поїздку до Англії.

They were astonished to live in the same shabby room. Вони були здивовані, що живуть в одній і тій же
обшарпаній кімнаті.

She was really delighted to get such a precious present. Вона була дуже рада отримати такий цінний
подарунок.

I was very surprised to hear this charming music again. Я був дуже здивований, почувши знову цю
чарівну музику.

Pattern 3.

There is something peculiarly soothing in watching a gold wheat field. Є щось особливо заспокійливе в
спогляданні золотого пшеничного поля.

There was something peculiarly distasteful in pretending that he had no influence on events. Було щось
особливо неприємне в тому, щоб прикидатися, ніби він не має впливу на події.

There was something peculiarly annoying in arguing with Nick. Було щось особливо дратівливе в
суперечках з Ніком.

There was something peculiarly invigorating in drinking high-quality tea every morning. Було щось
особливо підбадьорливе в тому, щоб пити високоякісний чай щоранку.

There is something extremely dull in cooking a big meal for the whole family. Є щось надзвичайно нудне
в приготуванні великої їжі для всієї родини.

There was something perfectly respectable in saying things like those. Було щось цілком пристойне в
тому, щоб говорити такі речі.

Pattern 4.
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No system is perfect. Жодна система не є ідеальною.

No decision would help. Жодне рішення не допомогло б.

No boy at school has ever seen the sea. Жоден хлопчик у школі ніколи не бачив моря.

No one had come to meet her. Ніхто не прийшов її зустріти.

No gesture seemed worthwhile at the moment. Жоден жест не здавався вартим уваги в даний момент.

No sense was in waking her and asking any questions. Не було сенсу будити її і ставити будь-які
запитання.

b) Translate the sentences from Ukrainian into English using the Patterns.

Pattern 1

1. Це було задовго до того, коли вона зважилася сказати правду.

o It was a long time before she dared to say the truth.

2. Це було задовго до того, коли на землі з’явилося життя.

o It was a long time before life appeared on Earth.

3. Це було задовго до того, коли вона дізналася про минуле своїх батьків.

o It was a long time before she learned about her parents' past.

4. Це було задовго до того коли, Великобританія стала однією з наймогутніших країн світу.

o It was a long time before Great Britain became one of the most powerful countries in the
world.

5. Це було задовго до того, коли люди почали використовувати електроенергію в промисловості.

o It was a long time before people started using electricity in industry.

6. Це було задовго до того, коли людина вийшла у відкритий космос.

o It was a long time before man went into outer space.

2) Pattern 2

1. Хлопець здивувався, що його відразу впізнали.

o The boy was astonished that he was immediately recognized.

2. Ми були раді, що запросили його повечеряти з нами.

o We were glad that we invited him to have dinner with us.

3. Вона була приголомшена тим, що не склала залік разом з іншими студентами.

o She was shocked that she failed the test along with other students.

4. Старенький вчитель був здивований, що його все ще пам’ятають.

o The old teacher was surprised that he was still remembered.

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5. Вона завжди дуже рада, коли її приймають за молоду дівчину.

o She is always very delighted when she is mistaken for a young girl.

6. Люди в місті були збентежені, коли почули останні новини.

o People in the city were confused when they heard the latest news.

3) Pattern 3

1. В спостереженні за дітьми, які гралися біля фонтану було щось особливо заспокійливе.

o There is something peculiarly soothing in watching children playing by the fountain.

2. В поверненні на роботу після тривалої відпустки було щось особливо підбадьорююче.

o There is something peculiarly invigorating in returning to work after a long vacation.

3. В прогулянках біля озера є щось особливо заспокійливе.

o There is something peculiarly soothing in walking by the lake.

4. В вирішенні повсякденних (щоденних) справ є щось особливо надокучливе.

o There is something peculiarly annoying in dealing with everyday (daily) tasks.

5. В розмовах про гроші та про невирішені проблеми є щось особливо нудне.

o There is something extremely dull in talking about money and unresolved problems.

6. В обговоренні успішності студентів та їх майбутньої професії було щось особливо

стимулююче.

o There is something peculiarly stimulating in discussing students' academic progress and

their future profession.

4) Pattern 4

1. Ні одна (жодна) розумна людина цього не скаже.

o No intelligent person would say this.

2. Немає двох людей, які думають однаково.

o No two people think alike.

3. Ні один приклад не був переконливим.

o No example was convincing.

4. Жоден капелюшок їй не підійшов.

o No hat suited her.

5. Ніяка надія не очікується.

o No hope is expected.

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 6. Ніхто (ні одна людина) не схвалив його рішення.

o No one approved his decision.

Exercise 5. Read and memorize the following word-combinations, their English and
Ukrainian variants.

No smoking. Палити забороняється.

No parking. Стоянка заборонена.
No road. Проїзду немає (дорожний знак).
No compromise. Ніяких компромісів.
No comment. Мені нічого сказати. Без слів.
No opinion. Утримуюсь.
No trumps. Без козирів (гра в карти).
No such thing. Нічого подібного.

Exercise 6. a) Give the Ukrainian equivalents for the following English proverbs:

No living man all things can. І сила перед безсиллям никне.

No man can serve two masters. Двом панам не можна догодити.

No news is good news. Немає звісток - то й хвала богу.

No pains, no gains. Без труда нема плода.

No songs, no supper. Як не працюєш, то й не їси.

No sweet without (some) sweat. Щоб мед їсти, треба бджілкою бути.

Time and tide wait for no man. Час не чекає.

There’s no smoke without fire. Нема диму без вогню.

b) Explain in English the meaning of each proverb.

VOCABULARY NOTES

worth [ ] n value вартість, ціна, цінність, e.g. I need $5 worth of gas. He bought several dollars
worth of fruit. The information is of no worth.
worth adj with a certain value вартий; worth smth., e.g. This incident is not worth our attention. The
picture isn’t worth the money you’ve paid for it.; worth doing smth., e.g. It’s worth knowing something
about car engines. This subject isn’t worth discussing.
worthy [w ] гідний, достойний, as worthy of praise, worthy to be praised; worthy adversary -
гідний суперник
worthy life гідно прожите життя
worthy of punishment (to be punished, being punished) вартий покарання
it is worthy of note that варто зауважити, що …
noteworthy вартий уваги
blameworthy що заслуговує на осуду
praiseworthy що заслуговує похвали.

2. impress v справляти враження, e.g. He was much impressed by the speech. (Промова справила
на нього велике враження); to impress smb. favorably справляти на когось добре враження
to be deeply (profoundly) impressed знаходитися під сильним враженням
He did not impress me. Він не справив на мене ніякого враження.
to impress on (upon) smb. вселяти, навівати
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 to impress one’s view on (upon) smb. нав’язувати свої погляди іншим, e.g. The scenes of our
childhood impress upon us all our life. Дитячі враження залишаються з нами на все життя.
I want to impress upon you the necessity of hard work. Я хочу, щоб ви зрозуміли необхідність
напруженої праці.
impression n враження
to leave/to make/to produce an impression on smb. справити на когось враження, e.g. The Art
exhibition made an impression on me.
to be under the impression of smth. бути під враженням
a vague impression of smth. неясне уявлення про щось
impressible adj вразливий, сприйнятливий
impressive adj making a strong favorable impression

3. familiar adj близький, дружній

familiar friends - близькі друзі
to be on familiar terms with smb. бути в дружніх стосунках, e.g. How can he be on familiar terms
with such an irritable man?
to be familiar to smb. бути відомим, e.g. The method of investigation is familiar to him, to be
familiar with smth., e.g. He is familiar with computers.

familiarity n фамільярність, близькі стосунки, e.g. She allowed no familiarities. (Вона не дозволяла
ніяких фамільярностей); Familiarity breeds contempt. (Чим ближче знаєш, тим менше поважаєш).

4. breathe [ ] v дихати, e.g. Can fish breathe under water?

to breathe in - вдихати, e.g. He breathed in the smoke from the fire, and it made him cough.
to breathe out - видихати
breath [bre] n дихання
to be out of breath задихатися
to catch (to hold) one’s breath затамувати подих, e.g. The children caught their breath when their
strict teacher came in.
to take breath перевести дух, передихнути, e.g. The tourists stopped to take breath while climbing
a hill.
short of breath що страждає на одишку, e.g. The old man was not able to walk because he was
short of breath.
below (under) one’s breath пошепки, e.g. It was dark in the room and a young couple and their
granny were talking under their breath.
to get a breath of air подихати свіжим повітрям
breathing mask протигаз
breathless задиханий, захеканий.

5. deal n business agreement (угода ), e.g. We made a deal with a German company to buy steel.
a good deal of / a great deal of = a lot, e.g. We wasted a good deal of time.
a good deal better (worse) багато (значно) краще (гірше), e.g. He feels a good deal better.
to deal (dealt) v to have to do with, to deal with (спілкуватися, мати справу), e.g. I don’t like
dealing with difficult people. Don’t worry about the passports I will deal with them.
to deal in = to do business in торгувати, e.g. He deals in used cars.
dealer n a person who buys and sells, e.g. He is a dealer in gold coins.

6. call n telephone communication

a long distance call, e.g. I want to make a call to Canada. There were three calls for you while you
were out.
within a call поблизу, e.g. My office is within a call.
to pay a call відвідати, нанести візит, e.g. I can’t help paying him a call. He has fallen ill.
to return smb. a call відповісти візитом на візит
to receive a call приймати відвідувачів, гостей
call v 1. to shout to tell someone to come (кликати, гукати); e.g. Call the children, it’s supper time. 2.
to give someone or something a name називати, e.g. His name is James but everyone calls him Jim. 3. to
telephone, e.g. If he comes tell him I’ll call him from the office.
to call at заходити, e.g. The police called at the house but no one was in.
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 to call on (upon) відвідувати, e.g. Can you call on Aunt Betty tomorrow.
to call for вимагати, заходити за, e.g. Letters to be called for. Листи до запитання.
to call off скасовувати, припиняти, відкладати, e.g. He called off his visit to New York.
to call down = to reprimand, to scold винести догану, засуджувати, гудити
to call up дзвонити по телефону, e.g. Don’t call me up this week. I’ll be away.
to call over робити перекличку, e.g. It was not in my habit of calling over my students.
call-box телефон-автомат.
pay-phone (Am.) телефон-автомат .

FOCUS ON GRAMMAR

Names of streets, buildings etc. with and without the

a) We do not normally use the with names of streets/roads/squares etc.:

Regent Street Fifth Avenue Piccadilly Circus

Cromwell Road Broadway Red Square

There are some exceptions (for example: ‘The Mall’ in London).

Many names (for example, of airports or universities) are two words:

Kennedy Airport Cambridge University

The first word is usually the name of a person (‘Kennedy’) or a place (‘Cambridge’).
We do not usually say the with names like these:

Victoria Station Edinburgh Castle Hyde Park

Westminster Abbey Buckingham London Zoo
Canterbury Cathedral Palace

But we say ‘the White House’, ‘the Royal Palace’ because ‘white’ and ‘royal’ are not
names. This is only a general rule. There are exceptions. See section c for hotels etc. and
section e for names with of.

c) We usually say the before the names of these places:

hotels the Hilton (Hotel), the Station Hotel

restaurants/pubs the Bombay Restaurant, the Red Lion (pub)
theatres the Palace Theatre, the National Theatre
cinemas the ABC, the Odeon, the Classic
museums/ the British Museum, the Tate Gallery
galleries

Again there are exceptions. See also section d of this unit.

d) Many shops, restaurants, hotels, banks etc. are named after the people who started
them. These names end in s or ‘s. We do not use the with these names:

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 shops Selfridges (not ‘the Selfridges’)
restaurants Maxim’s, Macdonalds, Luigi’s Italian Restaurant
hotels Claridge’s
banks Barclays Bank, Lloyds Bank

Churches are usually named after saints (St = saint):

St John’s Church, St Paul’s Cathedral

e) We say the before the names of places, buildings etc. with of:

the Bank of England (not ‘Bank of England’) the Great Wall of China
the Houses of Parliament the Museum of Modern Art
the Tower of London

f) We say the with the names of newspapers:

the Times, the Washington Post, the Evening Standard

VOCABULARY AND ORAL SPEECH EXERCISES

Exercise 1. a) Transcribe and translate into Ukrainian the following words:

a) Transcribe and translate the words:

 Celtic - Transcription: /ˈkɛltɪk/ - Ukrainian: кельтський

 metropolis - Transcription: /mɛˈtrɒpəlɪs/ - Ukrainian: метрополіс

 mayor - Transcription: /ˈmeɪər/ or /ˈmɛər/ - Ukrainian: мер

 cathedral - Transcription: /kəˈθiːdrəl/ - Ukrainian: кафедральний собор

 borough - Transcription: /ˈbʌrə/ - Ukrainian: район

 maintenance - Transcription: /ˈmeɪntənəns/ - Ukrainian: обслуговування, утримання

 peculiarly - Transcription: /pɪˈkjuːliərli/ - Ukrainian: особливо, своєрідно

 soothing - Transcription: /ˈsuːðɪŋ/ - Ukrainian: заспокійливий

 Serpentine - Transcription: /sɜːrpəntaɪn/ - Ukrainian: Серпентайн (назва каналу)

 canal - Transcription: /kəˈnæl/ - Ukrainian: канал

 outlandish - Transcription: /aʊtˈlændɪʃ/ - Ukrainian: дивний, чудернацький

 Venice - Transcription: /ˈvɛnɪs/ - Ukrainian: Венеція

 encourage - Transcription: /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ - Ukrainian: заохочувати, підбадьорювати

 profile - Transcription: /ˈproʊfaɪl/ - Ukrainian: профіль

 perspective - Transcription: /pərˈspɛktɪv/ - Ukrainian: перспектива

 pageantry - Transcription: /ˈpædʒəntri/ - Ukrainian: пишність, церемонія

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  concrete - Transcription: /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ or /kənˈkriːt/ - Ukrainian: бетон

b) Write out of the text proper names, translate them and memorize.
London - Лондон

Llyn-din - Ллін-дін

Londinium - Лондініум

City of London - Сіті (Лондон)

Bank of England - Банк Англії

Threadneedle Street - Треднідл-стріт

Square Mile - Квадратна миля

Lord Mayor - Лорд-мер

St. Paul's Cathedral - Собор Святого Павла

Fleet Street - Фліт-стріт

County of London - Графство Лондон

City of Westminster - Місто Вестмінстер

Buckingham Palace - Букінгемський палац

Westminster Abbey - Вестмінстерське абатство

Houses of Parliament - Будівлі Парламенту

National Gallery - Національна галерея

Greenwich - Грінвіч

Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea - Королівський район Кенсінгтон і Челсі

Greater London - Великий Лондон

Charing Cross - Чарінг-крос

Trafalgar Square - Трафальгарська площа

Whitehall - Вайтхолл

Greater London Council - Рада Великого Лондона

West End - Вест-Енд

East End - Іст-Енд

Mayfair - Мейфер

Regent Street - Ріджент-стріт

Oxford Street - Оксфорд-стріт

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Park Lane - Парк-лейн

Piccadilly - Пікаділлі

Bloomsbury - Блумсбері

British Museum - Британський музей

London University - Лондонський університет

Hyde Park - Гайд-парк

Green Park - Грін-парк

Regents Park - Ріджентс-парк

Serpentine Canal - Канал Серпентайн

Rotten Row - Роттен-роу

Marble Arch - Мармурова арка

Speakers Corner - Куток ораторів

Regents Canal - Ріджентс-канал

Little Venice - Маленька Венеція

Post Office Tower - Пішова вежа

Thames - Темза

c) Write the degrees of comparison of:

lonely - Positive: lonely, Comparative: lonelier, Superlative: loneliest
quiet - Positive: quiet, Comparative: quieter, Superlative: quietest
old (II) - Positive: old, Comparative: older, Superlative: oldest
new - Positive: new, Comparative: newer, Superlative: newest
busy - Positive: busy, Comparative: busier, Superlative: busiest
easy - Positive: easy, Comparative: easier, Superlative: easiest
soothing - Positive: soothing, Comparative: more soothing, Superlative: most soothing
outlandish - Positive: outlandish, Comparative: more outlandish, Superlative: most outlandish
big - Positive: big, Comparative: bigger, Superlative: biggest
familiar - Positive: familiar, Comparative: more familiar, Superlative: most familiar

Exercise 2. Find in the text the English equivalents of the following words and word combinations.

Невеличке кельтське поселення - a small Celtic settlement

обмежувати - to be restricted to

по одному - one by one

столичний округ - metropolitan area

перетин доріг - road intersection

будівництво та утримання доріг - road construction and maintenance

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 фешенебельне місце для поїздок верхи - a fashionable spot for horse-riding

найнеймовірніші думки - most outlandish ideas

центр книгодрукування - main centre of printing

виробництво одягу та продуктів харчування - manufacture of clothing, food

житлові будинки та офіси - blocks of flats and offices

засвідчити пишне видовище зміни Королівської Гвардії - witness the pomp and pageantry of the
Changing of the Guard

насолоджуватись тихою течією Темзи - enjoy the quiet flow of the Thames

поїздка по місту з екскурсоводом - take a guided tour

двоповерховий автобус - double-decker bus

Exercise 3. Write questions based on the text. Use in your questions the suggested
word-combinations. Ask your questions in class.
 A small Celtic settlement:

o "The text mentions that London began as a small Celtic settlement. Can you describe what
life might have been like in that settlement?"

 To be restricted to:

o "The word 'London' was originally restricted to the City of London. What area does that to
be restricted to?"

 To be absorbed one by one:

o "The text explains that surrounding districts were absorbed one by one to form the greater
city. Can you name a couple of these districts that were to be absorbed one by one?"

 The Square Mile:

o "What is the Square Mile, and what important institutions are located in the Square Mile?"

 The County of London:

o "What areas were included in the County of London?"

 Greater London:

o "How is Greater London different from the City of London and the County of London?"

 To deal with problems:

o "What are some of the main issues that the Greater London Council has to to deal with
problems?"

 Major road construction and maintenance:

o "Why is major road construction and maintenance so important in a large city like
London?"

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  To be originally preserved by the kings:

o "Why were many of London's parks to be originally preserved by the kings, and what are
they called today?"

 A spot for horse-riding:

o "Where is a spot for horse-riding located in London, according to the text?"

 To be heavily industrialized:

o "Which part of London is described as to be heavily industrialized, and what kind of

industry was located there?"

 To feel the real pulse of English history:

o "What are some of the places in London where a visitor can to feel the real pulse of
English history?"

 The Changing of the Guard:

o "Where can someone witness the Changing of the Guard, and what is it?"

 To take a guided tour:

o "What does the text suggest as a good way to take a guided tour of London?"

Exercise 4. Make up a dialogue based on the text. Prepare an additional piece of

information on the topic. Use the prompts.
 Have you heard (about) ... ? - This is a general way to start a conversation and see if someone has
information about a topic.

o Example: "Have you heard about the new art exhibit at the museum?"

 Do you happen to know ... ? - This is a polite way to ask if someone has specific knowledge.

o Example: "Do you happen to know what time the train arrives?"

 Have you got any idea? - This is a more informal way of asking if someone knows something, often
when you're unsure if anyone will know.

o Example: "Have you got any idea where I left my keys?"

Indicating Information Source/Limited Knowledge:

 Someone has told me that ... - This attributes the information to an unspecified source, making it
slightly less definitive.

o Example: "Someone has told me that this restaurant has the best pizza in town."

 That's about all I heard. - This indicates that your knowledge of the topic is limited to what you've
just stated.

o Example: "They're moving to a new city. That's about all I heard."

 I'm afraid I don't know much about ... - This is a polite way of admitting your lack of knowledge.

15
 o Example: "I'm afraid I don't know much about classical music."

Seeking Confirmation/Checking Understanding:

 I wonder if you remember ... - This is a polite way to check if someone recalls a past event or piece
of information.

o Example: "I wonder if you remember that little cafe we went to in Paris?"

 Have I got it right? - This is a direct way of asking for confirmation that you've understood
something correctly.

o Example: "So, we're meeting at 7:00 PM at the station, have I got it right?"

Exercise 5. Choose the correct form, with or without the.

1. The British Prime Minister lives in Downing Street/ the Downing Street.
2. One of the nicest parks in London is St. James’s Park/the St. James’s Park, which is
very near Buckingham Palace/the Buckingham Palace.
3. Frank is a student at Liverpool University/the Liverpool University.
4. Mr. Jenkins reads Daily Telegraph/the Daily Telegraph but his wife reads
Times/the Times.
5. If you want to buy some new clothes, the shop I would recommend
is Harrison’s/the Harrison’s.
6. We flew from London to Orly Airport/the Orly Airport in Paris.
7. Tate Gallery/The Tate Gallery is the main modern art museum in London.
8. My local pub is called Prince of Wales/the Prince of Wales.
9. Have you ever visited Tower of London/the Tower of London?
10. ‘Which hotel are you staying at?’ ‘At Sheraton/the Sheraton’
11. Diana and George got married in St. Matthew’s Church/the St. Matthew’s Church.
12. You must visit Science Museum/the Science Museum when you are in London.
13. Did you see the film at Classic/the Classic (cinema)?

Exercise 6. Fill in prepositions or adverbs wherever necessary (consult the text).

It was a long time before the Romans came and called it Londinium.

The word “London” was originally restricted to the City of London proper.

The surrounding districts were absorbed one by one to make up the vast metropolis.

City is about one square mile in area.

Now about half a million people live there.

This is composed of separate boroughs.

There is Greater London extending for 20 miles in every direction from the Charing Cross.

Its main function is to deal with problems that affect the whole metropolitan area.

Much of the parkland was originally preserved by the kings of England for their sport of
hunting.
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There is something peculiarly soothing in watching the waves of the Serpentine Canal
which flows through the park.

Rotten Row is a fashionable spot for horse-riding.

A trip along Regent’s Canal in a waterbus gives a chance to see London Little Venice.

Factories are scattered throughout the inner city districts.

A number of factories have been encouraged to move out of London. Exercise 7. Make up
sentences with the following expressions:

a) worth doing.

Example - I’d read this book if I were you. This book is worth reading.

- I wouldn’t read this book if I were you. This book isn’t worth reading.
I’d buy this dress if I were you. This dress is worth buying.
I wouldn’t argue on this subject. This subject isn’t worth arguing about.
I wouldn’t repair these shoes if I were you. These shoes aren’t worth repairing.
I’d apply for this job if I were you. This job is worth applying for.
I’d visit the museum if I were you. The museum is worth visiting.
I’d consider the plan if I were you. The plan is worth considering.
I wouldn’t keep these old clothes if I were you.

b) worth smth..

Example - The art gallery is of great value, it is … (time/spend).

- The art gallery is of great value, it is worth the time spent.

The picture is worth the money spent.

The problem was worth the trouble taken.

The research was worth the efforts made.

The hat wasn't worth the money paid.

This report wasn't worth the attention paid.

The song is worth the applause (that) broke out.

Exercise 8. Explain the meaning of these proverbs. Translate them. Give their
Ukrainian equivalents.

 A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.

Meaning: It's better to be content with what you have than to risk losing it by trying to get
something better. Emphasizes the value of certainty over the possibility of greater gain.

Translation: Краще синиця в жмені, ніж журавель в небі. (Krasche synytsya v zhmeni,
nizh zhuravel' v nebi.)

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Explanation of Ukrainian Equivalent: This is a very close equivalent. A "synytsya" is a
titmouse (small bird), and a "zhuravel'" is a crane. The imagery is almost identical.

 The game is not worth the candle.

Meaning: The effort or cost involved in doing something isn't worth the result you'll
achieve.

Translation: Шкурка вичинки не варта. (Shkurka vychynky ne varta.)

Explanation of Ukrainian Equivalent: This translates to "The skin isn't worth the
dressing." It implies that the effort to prepare something (like an animal hide) isn't worth the
final product.

 An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.

Meaning: Work done early in the day is more productive and valuable than work done
later. Morning is the best time for effective work.

Translation: Ранок вечора мудріший. (Ranok vechora mudrishyy.)

Explanation of Ukrainian Equivalent: This translates to "Morning is wiser than evening."

It's a very common proverb emphasizing the clarity of thought and productivity of the
morning.

 Between two evils 'tis not worthwhile choosing.

Meaning: When faced with two equally bad options, it's best to avoid making a choice if
possible, or to seek a third, better alternative.

Translation: З двох бід вибирай меншу. (Z dvokh bid vybyray menshu.)

Explanation of Ukrainian Equivalent: This translates to "From two evils, choose the
lesser." While not exactly the same, it's the closest common Ukrainian proverb,
acknowledging that sometimes you are forced to choose between bad options.

Exercise 9. Discuss with your group mates:

the article you read yesterday; - during a break;

the last football (hockey) match; - before a lecture;
the exhibition (concert, museum) you - at a student’s canteen;
visited the day before; - on the way to (out of ) the
the fashion show you saw before. University;
- on the phone;
- at a party.
Use the following word-combinations.

To impress smb. favorably; to be deeply (profoundly) impressed; to impress on (upon)

smb.; to be under the impression of smth.; a vague impression of smth.; to be familiar with
smth.; to be on familiar terms with smb..

Exercise 10. a) Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

18
 I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at
three o’clock. Я забув зателефонувати містеру Джонсу вчора, хоча обіцяв
зателефонувати йому рівно о третій годині.

Did anyone call me up while I was out? Хтось мені телефонував, поки мене не було?

Last night several friends called on us. Вчора ввечері декілька друзів відвідали нас.

How many salesmen call on Mr. Evans every day? Скільки продавців відвідують містера
Еванса кожного дня?

The game was called off on account of darkness. Гру було скасовано через темряву.

The doctor had to call off all his appointments for the day and rush to the hospital. Лікарю
довелося скасувати всі свої зустрічі на день і терміново їхати до лікарні.

At first the workers planned the strike, but later they called it off. Спочатку робітники
планували страйк, але пізніше вони його скасували.

He promised to call for me at home at seven o’clock. Він обіцяв зайти за мною додому о
сьомій годині.

There is a sign in the shop which says “We call for and deliver”. В магазині є вивіска, на
якій написано “Забираємо та доставляємо”.

John was called down by his boss for coming late to work. Джона вилаяв його начальник
за запізнення на роботу.

Don’t call Mary down for that mistake. I’m sure that she didn’t make it on purpose. Не
лайте Мері за цю помилку. Я впевнений, що вона не зробила її навмисно.

My supervisor called me down for being habitually late. Мій керівник вилаяв мене за
постійні запізнення.

The master called over the boys of the class at the beginning of the lesson. На початку
уроку вчитель перекличів учнів класу.

He calls at every house in the street once a month and asks for a meal and a glass of beer.
Він заходить в кожен будинок на вулиці раз на місяць і просить їжу та склянку пива.

19
 b) Substitute the corresponding idiomatic expression (call up, call on, call off, call down,
call over, call at).

She called up very late last night.

Some old friends of my father’s called on us last night.

If a meeting is cancelled, we have to clear up the reason.

If a meeting is called off, we have to clear up the reason.

He often reprimands her for coming late.

He often calls her down for coming late.

We will come to pick you up at eight o’clock.

We will call for you at eight o’clock.

I don’t think the headmaster will call the roll.

I don’t think the headmaster will call over the boys.

The stranger came into the garage but there was no car.

The stranger called at the garage but there was no car.

Exercise 11. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Okay, here are the translations of the Ukrainian sentences into English:

1. У мене немає звички мати справу з людьми, які не поважають думки і почуття інших.

o I am not in the habit of dealing with people who do not respect the opinions and feelings of
others.

2. Відвідувачі дивились на картину затамувавши подих.

o The visitors looked at the painting, holding their breath.

3. Повірте мені, цей молодий чоловік гідний вашої поваги.

o Believe me, this young man is worthy of your respect.

4. В обов’язки листоноші не входить розносити листи “до запитання”.

o It is not the postman's duty to deliver poste restante letters. (or "...letters 'to be called for'.")

5. Життя змусило її торгувати всіляким дріб’язком, щоб звести кінці з кінцями.

o Life forced her to trade in all sorts of trifles to make ends meet.

6. Варто зауважити, що ця подія справила на неї незабутнє враження.

o It is worth noting that this event made an indelible impression on her.

7. Перш ніж зайти в табір мандрівники вирішили передихнути поблизу.

20
 o Before entering the camp, the travelers decided to rest nearby.

8. Судова справа була припинена в зв’язку з недостатньою кількістю доказів.

o The court case was dismissed due to insufficient evidence.

9. Він не зміг би написати такі прекрасні вірші в звичайних обставинах.

o He couldn't have written such beautiful poems under ordinary circumstances.

10. Не варто витрачати час на речі, якими ви не цікавитесь.

o It's not worth spending time on things you're not interested in.

11. На мою думку варто прислухатись до його порад.

o In my opinion, it's worth listening to his advice.

12. Ці факти були відомі зацікавленим людям задовго до того, коли їх надрукували в газетах.

o These facts were known to interested parties long before they were published in the
newspapers.

13. Без сумніву зустріч з актором справила на студентів глибоке враження.

o Without a doubt, the meeting with the actor made a deep impression on the students.

14. Після всього, що сталося, він все ще був у товариських відносинах зі своєю сестрою.

o After everything that happened, he was still on friendly terms with his sister.

15. Похмурі осінні дні навівали смуток і тривогу.

o The gloomy autumn days inspired sadness and anxiety.

Exercise 12. Imagine that you are spending a holiday in London. Write a short
letter to your parents or a friend describing such a day as the writer had, but tell it in
your own way.

A Day in London

This morning the sun was shining, and I decided to begin seeing the sights of London.
So, I asked the manager of my hotel what I should see first, and he advised me to go to the
Tower of London in the morning and to Westminster in the afternoon.
I set off at about nine in the morning by the Underground train, and managed to get out
at the right station. I had to walk a short distance from the latter to the Tower, and found
myself in the group of several other people, some of them foreigners like myself, who were
also taking the opportunity of the fine weather to see something of London. We reached the
entrance to the Tower, crossed a bridge and were met by a soldier in strange red and yellow
clothes, with a big crown, sewn on his chest. I knew from books I had read that he was one
of the “Beefeaters”, the old soldiers dressed in clothes of long ago who guarded the Tower.
Our Beefeater took us round the Tower, and showed us the Crown jewels, which the
King and the Queen wear on special days; the prisons in which famous people were kept
long ago; and the places where some queens of England had their heads cut off.

21
 Listening to all these strange stories and seeing the old stones of the Tower, I could
easily imagine the terrible things that had happened within those walls, and I left the Tower
at lunch time with a clearer idea of English history than I had had before.
In the afternoon I went out again, this time to see Westminster, with its bridge over the
Thames, the Houses of Parliament, big Ben and Westminster Abbey.
As I looked at these famous buildings, I felt that I was at the heart of modern England,
just as that morning I had been at the heart of English history when I was at the Tower.

Hey Diana

You won't believe the day i've had in london! This morning, the sun was actually shining (a rare treat,
i'm told!), so i decided it was the perfect opportunity to do some serious sightseeing. I asked the hotel
concierge for recommendations, and he suggested a classic london double-header: the tower of london in the
morning and westminster in the afternoon.

I hopped on the tube (the london subway – it's super-efficient!) And managed to navigate my way to
the tower hill station. From there, it was a short walk to the tower, and i immediately found myself swept up
in a crowd of tourists, all buzzing with excitement. The first thing that struck me was the sheer age of the
place!

We crossed the moat and were greeted by one of the yeomen warders – those iconic guards in the
elaborate red and gold uniforms. They're nicknamed "beefeaters," and they're like living history books. Our
beefeater guide took us on an incredible tour. We saw the dazzling crown jewels (seriously, the queen's bling
is something else!), the creepy old prison cells where famous folks were locked up, and even the execution
site where some of henry viii's wives met their unfortunate end. It was all a bit gruesome, but totally
fascinating. Walking around those ancient stones, you could practically feel the weight of history. I left the
tower feeling like i'd just stepped out of a time machine.

This afternoon, i headed over to westminster. Wow. Westminster bridge, the houses of parliament with
big ben chiming, and westminster abbey – it's all so grand and imposing. It felt completely different from the
tower. If the tower is the heart of old london, westminster is definitely the center of modern british power
and tradition. I tried to imagine all the important decisions that were made in those buildings!

Anyway, london is blowing my mind. There's so much to see and do, and i wish you were here to
experience it with me!

Talk soon,

Kate

TEXT A. GETTING ABOUT LONDON

When you are in London for the first time join a circular tour, and you will see
every major sight from an open top double-decker bus.
Trafalgar Square makes a good place to meet sightseeing buses, to walk around,
to take photographs and to feed pigeons. Admiral Nelson’s Statue guarded by four
lions stands on top of an impressive column in the middle of the square
commemorating the Battle of Trafalgar. The north side of the square is formed by the
long, low National Gallery, housing the national collection of art and containing
some of the world’s greatest paintings. A huge Christmas tree sent by Norway is
erected here every Christmas.

22
 Then you drive along a wide street called the Mall south-west of Trafalgar
square. The street is decorated with gilded crowns and banners whenever there is a
state visit or any other excuse for a procession. Several great houses there are
occupied by various members of royal family. The Mall leads to Buckingham Palace
which is the British monarch’s main residence in London. Today the Palace contains
600 rooms and is a mine of priceless art treasures, ornaments, porcelain, tapestries
and furniture, including the Coronation Throne of the present queen. Circumstances
permitting, you watch the pomp and pageantry of the Changing of the Guard
ceremony.
The main street running south of Trafalgar Square is Whitehall. There used to be
a palace once, but it doesn’t exist now. Today’s Whitehall is a street of government
offices, so the name “Whitehall” stands for the British Government. On the way
along Whitehall towards Parliament Square you notice on your right the famous
Downing Street, a row of 18th century houses. Downing, 10 is the official residence of
the British Prime Minister. At Parliament Square you have a perfect opportunity to
admire many statues including Richard the Lion-Hearted, Oliver Cromwell and
others.
Across the square you will be dazzled by the Palace of Westminster, the place
and the name of the British Parliament. When Parliament is sitting, a flag flies from
the Victoria Tower and a light shines by night. The Houses of Parliament contain the
universal symbol of London, Big Ben, the famous clock, which chimes the hours to
the tune of Handel’s music. Close to the Houses of Parliament stands Westminster
Abbey. As a Royal church it has been the scene of coronations for centuries and the
final resting place of countless monarchs, statesmen, poets and heroes and undeniably
an impressive fund of British history and folklore. The most charming and oldest part
of the Abbey is the Chapel of Henry VII.
If you love art and architecture you will be amused by the breathtaking and
unique St. Paul’s Cathedral, the most spectacular church in Britain, baroque
masterpiece of Sir Christopher Wren. A stone’s throw from the mighty dome of St.
Paul’s Cathedral the tiny St. Benet’s (Welsh Church) is witness both to the versatility
and profusion of Sir Ch. Wren’s talents.
Your tour continues to the Tower of London, filled with the haunting memories
of torture and imprisonment, as well as the richness of the Royal Ceremonies it has
hosted. You meet the Beefeaters in their Tudor Uniforms, hear the legend of the
ravens and some spine chilling tales from the Tower’s 900 year history.
You can’t leave London without seeing Fleet Street taken its name from the
Fleet Ditch, once an open stream. When used figuratively, Fleet Street means “the
British press” as the publishing houses of most British newspapers have been situated
there.
It often comes as a shock to Londoners that Madame Tussaud’s is one of the
capital’s top tourist attractions. But millions of visitors from overseas and from other
parts of Britain would not consider their trip to the capital worthwhile without a stop
at the unusual waxwork exhibition in Marylebone Road.
The unforgettable tour includes everything you have ever heard about in London
… and much more.
23
 ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

a circular tour екскурсія, турне

to take photographs фотографувати
to commemorate smth. шанувати пам’ять
to stand for означати, символізувати
to be dazzled by бути враженим
a scene of coronation місце коронації
breathtaking захоплюючий

SUPPLEMENTARY LIST OF WORDS

Sightseeing - огляд визначних місць.

Attractions визначні місця chapel часовня

dome купол burial-vault склеп
tower башта, вежа icon ікона
obelisk обеліск fresco(-oes) фреска
column колона bell-tower дзвіниця
plaque меморіальна environs околиці
дошка guide екскурсовод
relic to stretch along тягнутися
ensemble пам’ятник to go sightseeing вздовж
fountain ансамбль to see the sights оглядати
фонтан of визначні місця
pavilion павільйон to take someone показувати
exhibition hall виставочний визначні
structure зал sightseeing місця
споруда

City

information довідка saving-office ощадна каса

desk світлофор trading centre торговий центр
traffic light підземний snack bar (дім)
subway перехід (cafeteria) закусочна
cafeteria (coffee кафе
tube, метро shop, cafe)
underground police station поліцейське
subway (Am.) проїжджа відділення
roadway частина дороги car park автостоянка
перехід taxi stand стоянка таксі
crossing перeхрестя bus stop автобусна
cross-roads тротуар зупинка
pavement майстерня dry cleaning
repair shop ремонт взуття laundry хімчистка
24
shoe repair жіноча chemistry пральня
hairdresser перукарня drug store аптека
barber чоловіча
перукарня

Exercise 1. a) Study Text A and write out proper names and transcribe
them.
b) Transcribe and translate the following words:
commemorate - Transcription: /kəˈmɛməreɪt/ - Ukrainian: вшановувати пам'ять,
відзначати
column - Transcription: /ˈkɒləm/ - Ukrainian: колона
Christmas - Transcription: /ˈkrɪsməs/ - Ukrainian: Різдво
procession - Transcription: /prəˈsɛʃən/ - Ukrainian: процесія, хода
monarch - Transcription: /ˈmɒnərk/ - Ukrainian: монарх
ornament - Transcription: /ˈɔːrnəment/ - Ukrainian: прикраса, орнамент
porcelain - Transcription: /ˈpɔːrsəlɪn/ - Ukrainian: порцеляна
circumstance - Transcription: /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/ - Ukrainian: обставина
pageantry - Transcription: /ˈpædʒəntri/ - Ukrainian: пишність, церемонія
ceremony - Transcription: /ˈsɛrəmoʊni/ - Ukrainian: церемонія
towards - Transcription: /təˈwɔːrdz/ or /tɔːrdz/ - Ukrainian: в напрямку до
undeniably - Transcription: /ˌʌndɪˈnaɪəbli/ - Ukrainian: безсумнівно, беззаперечно
folklore - Transcription: /ˈfoʊkleɪər/ - Ukrainian: фольклор
chapel - Transcription: /ˈtʃæpəl/ - Ukrainian: каплиця
architecture - Transcription: /ˈɑːrkɪtɛktʃər/ - Ukrainian: архітектура
unique - Transcription: /juːˈniːk/ - Ukrainian: унікальний
versatility - Transcription: /ˌvɜːrsəˈtɪləti/ - Ukrainian: універсальність,
різнобічність
torture - Transcription: /ˈtɔːrtʃər/ - Ukrainian: тортури, мучити
unforgettable - Transcription: /ˌʌnfərˈɡɛtəbəl/ - Ukrainian: незабутній

c) Translate into Ukrainian phrases listed below:

 a circular tour - кругова екскурсія
 to take photographs - фотографувати
 to be erected - бути спорудженим
 gilded crowns - позолочені корони
 a mine of priceless art treasure - скарбниця безцінних мистецьких скарбів
 porcelain - порцеляна
 tapestry - гобелен
 pomp and pageantry - пишність та церемоніал
 Richard the Lion-hearted - Річард Левове Серце
 to be dazzled by - бути засліпленим чимось
 to chime the hours - відбивати години (про дзвін)
 breathtaking and unique - захоплюючий та унікальний
 versatility and profusion of talents - універсальність та різноманіття
талантів

25
 the Beefeaters - біфітери (жартівлива назва вартових Тауера)
 spine chilling tales - моторошні історії
 waxwork exhibition - виставка воскових фігур

Exercise 2. Answer the following questions:

1. 1 It is better to start sightseeing from Trafalgar Square because it’s a good

place to meet sightseeing buses.

2. The advantages of seeing major sights from an open-top double-decker bus are
not explicitly listed in the text, but one can infer that it offers a convenient way
to see many sights.

3. Trafalgar Square is a good place to meet sightseeing buses as mentioned in the

text.

4. The Mall is decorated with gilded crowns and banners whenever there is a state
visit or any other excuse for a procession. Several great houses on the Mall are
occupied by various members of the royal family.

5. Yes, Buckingham Palace is the British monarch's main residence in London.

6. Whitehall stands for the British Government.

7. Standing at Parliament Square, you can admire many statues, including

Richard the Lion-Hearted and Oliver Cromwell, and you can also see the
Palace of Westminster and Big Ben.

8. Big Ben is the famous clock in the Houses of Parliament, which chimes the
hours to the tune of Handel's music. The origin of the name is not given in the
text.

9. The Royal Church mentioned in the text is Westminster Abbey.

10.The Tower of London was used as a fortress, a palace, a prison, and even a
royal zoo.

11.The text mentions the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery as art galleries in
London.

12.This is a personal question, and the answer would depend on individual

preferences.
Exercise 3. a) Retell text A.
b) Get 4-5 pictures of London attractions and be ready to comment on them.

26
 Exercise 4. Fill in the prepositions.

Scotland Yard is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police of London. To most

people, its name immediately brings to mind the picture of a detective- cool,
collected, efficient, ready to track down any criminal.

Scotland Yard is situated on the Thames Embankment close to the Houses of

Parliament and the familiar clock tower of Big Ben. The name “Scotland Yard”
originates from the plot of land adjoining Whitehall Palace where, in about the
14th century, the royalty and nobility of Scotland stayed when visiting the English
Court. The popular nickname for the London policeman “bobby” is a tribute to Sir
Robert Peel, who introduced the police force in 1829, and whose Christian name
attached itself to members of the force.

Exercise 5. Render the following text in English. Use the word combinations below.

Британський Музей

Назва Британський Музей може ввести в оману: музей? Чого? Так, це музей, але і одна з
найвизначніших бібліотек у світі, яка скромно приховується під поняттям “читальний зал”.
Британський музей - це найкраще місце, з якого можна починати знайомство з Лондоном.
Багато визначних людей користувались гостинністю та скарбами бібліотеки.
Ви підходите до Британського музею. За високою огорожею відкривається велична споруда в
стилі класичної архітектури. Зовнішній вигляд будинку, його строгі форми ніби вводять вас у світ
cтародавньої Греції, класичного Сходу.
Через просторий вестибюль ви потрапляєте в читальний зал (звичайно, якщо ви своєчасно
отримали квиток на право користування бібліотекою). Це великий, дуже високий круглий зал з
куполом, побудований в 1857 році. Світло вливається через вікна, які знаходяться на рівні другого
поверху. До вікон другого поверху навколо всього залу йдуть стилажі, від них до центру тягнуться не
дуже довгі столи, де все пристосовано до роботи: світло, підставки для книжок. Кожне місце
позначене буквою та номером.
В центрі залу розміщені півкругом бар’єри для обслуговування читачів, каталоги. Через 10-15
хвилин, після того, як книга виписана, її принесуть вам на місце. В бібліотеці музею 6 мільйонів книг,
але вона славиться не тільки книгами - тут знаходиться величезне сховище рукописів: англійська
хроніка, автографи великих письменників, музичні партитури, грецькі та латинські рукописи, більше
двох тисяч єгипетських папірусів.
Безцінні скарби зберігаються у відділі східних книг і рукописів: стародавні тексти біблії,
новинки літератури на східних мовах. Журнальний зал одержує періодику з усіх кінців земної кулі. А
перші видання Шекспіра, а численні інкунабули (перші друковані книги), а Магна Карта (Велика
Хартія Вольностей 1215 р).
Велике враження справляє сам музей. Рим, стародавня Греція, Єгипет, Вавілон представлені
багатьма пам’ятниками. В Британському музеї знаходиться камінь із чорного базальта, на якому
збереглись надписи на єгипетській та грецькій мовах. Розшифрування надписів французьким
єгиптологом Шампольйоном поклало початок нової ери в археології та історії.
Зал мумій. Етнографічний відділ. Далекосхідне мистецтво. Скарби музею несчисленні як і сама
історія людства.

Catalogue каталог
to order a book виписати книгу
depository for manuscripts сховище рукописів
musical score музична партитура
Egyptian papyri єгипетські папіруси
incunabula перші друковані книги
27
Magna Charta Велика Хартія Вольностей
basalt базальт
inscription напис
decipherment розшифрування
archaeology археологія
mummy мумія

28
 Exercise 6. a) Read the text below and discuss it with a student next to you.

London Streets and Their Names.

The names of the streets and districts are often connected with the history of the
city and the country.
But very often the names of the streets are so old and so changed that only few
people know how this or that street got its name.
People who read books by English writers, listen to the radio, see English films
can’t help knowing such names as Trafalgar Square, Soho, Piccadilly, Charing Cross,
etc.
Let’s begin with Piccadilly Circus. It is a fine street which has seen much
history over the centuries. For generations Piccadilly has been the heart of London.
Nowadays it is such a focal point that on special occasions, such as a Coronation or
on New Year’s Eve, as many as 50,000 people gather there.
Actually, it immortalized a man who is now forgotten. The man was a tailor who
grew rich by making high collars called “piccadillies”. He built a grand house which
he called Piccadilla Hall, and the name, slightly changed, has lived on.
Charing Cross is one of the oldest spots (=places) in London. Once there was a
small village in that place. The villagers were charing wood, making charcoal of it.
That is why the village was named Charing. In 1929 Eleanor, the English Queen, died
outside London. Her husband wanted her body to be taken to Westminster Abbey and
buried there. At every place where the funeral procession stopped a wooden cross
was erected. The last place was at Charing and since then the place is called Charing
Cross. The reproduction of that last cross can be seen at the entrance to Charing
Cross Railway Station. Nowadays Charing Cross Road is known by its bookshops
where one can buy books in different languages and of new and old editions.
No one, however, can explain Soho convincingly. The legend goes that in the
old days there used to be green fields there and the people around went fox-hunting a
great deal. When a hunter saw a fox he called to the dogs “So-Ho”, “So-Ho!”
Now Soho is the district where one can see people of different types, hear them
speaking different languages. It is famous for its various restaurants.
There are some short streets in Soho in which six or seven restaurants of
different national cooking stand one after another in a line. One can have breakfast in
a Greek restaurant, dinner - in Italian and supper - in Armenian.
These are only a few examples but all London’s long-past history can be told by
its streets and districts’ names.

b) Describe one of London streets. Don’t forget to mention its name (origin
of the name if possible), places of interest in this street, something special,
interesting.

Text B. Asking the Way.

Hotel receptionist: Hello, sir. Can I help you?

29
 Visitor: Hello, I wonder if you can. I’d like to have some information about nice
places around here because I am going to spend the day in the city and I don’t know
exactly where I could go.
Hotel receptionist: Well, you may take a guided tour in a double-decker round
London. The bus comes every half an hour from Trafalgar Square. Why not visit the
Tower of London, Kew Gardens, the National Gallery, Westminster Abbey… then
have a welcome rest from sightseeing in one of London’s pubs and have a wonderful
evening in Royal Opera House.
Visitor: O’key. How can I get to Trafalgar Square?
Hotel receptionist: Very easy. If you leave the hotel and make a left turn you’ll
see a bus stop round the corner. Take a bus and on the way you have to change buses.
Visitor: Oh, no. I think I might get lost if I have to change. Is there any other
way I can get there?
Hotel receptionist: Actually, the underground. But first buy a ticket at a
booking-office or obtain it from a slot machine. Be careful using an escalator to the
platform or a lift. Have you got a schematic map?
Visitor: Not yet. I’ve just arrived. I don’t think I’ll go by underground. I might
hire a taxi.
Hotel receptionist: O’key. A taxi stand is outside the main hotel doors, over
there on your left. But taxis are far too expensive for any but very rich.
Visitor: Thank you very much. That’s very kind of you. By the way can you
show me the way to the nearest call box? I’ve been walking around here and can’t see
any anywhere. I promised my wife to call her up as soon as I arrived.
Hotel receptionist: No problem. Go straight along up the street and you’ll see the
post office nearby.

Visitor: Thanks a lot.

Hotel receptionist: Thank you. Have a nice day!

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

to have a welcome rest from зробити бажану перерву під час

sightseeing огляду визначних місць
повернути ліворуч
to make a left turn за рогом
round the corner сісти в автобус
to take (get on) a bus пересісти в інший автобус
to change buses заблудитися
to get lost скористатися ескалатором
to use an escalator наймати таксі
to take (get, hire) a taxi

ASKING THE WAY

at the end of the street в кінці вулиці

at the cross-roads на перехресті доріг
30
next to поряд з
down the street вздовж вулиці (номери будинків
збільшуються)
up the street вздовж вулиці (номери будинків
зменшуються)
Could you tell me the way to … Як дістатися до … (по карті)
(on the map)?
The right way to … Правильно йти
How to get to … Як дістатися до
Where do I get off? Де мені вийти?
You should get off at the next stop Вам виходити через одну
but one. зупинку.
to get off the bus вийти з автобуса
to change for Number 12 пересісти в номер 12
request stop зупинка на вимогу
exit (door) вихід
entrance (door) вхід
full up автобус заповнений
traffic jam пробка на дорозі
keep to the right (left) дотримуватися правої (лівої)
Mind (watch for, be aware of ) the сторони
doors Обережно, двері зачиняються
How much is the fare Cкільки коштує квиток?
passer-by перехожий
route маршрут
rush hour година пік

Exercise 1. a) Find in Text B the English equivalents of the phrases listed

below:

екскурсійна поїздка - a guided tour

автобус відправляється через кожні півгодини - This exact phrase is not in

the text.

зhобити бажану перерву під час огляду визначних місць - This exact phrase
is not in the text. However, the text mentions "to take breath" which means
"передихнути" (to take a breath/rest)

прbємно провести вечір - This exact phrase is not in the text.

повернути ліворуч - This exact phrase is not in the text.

сісти в автобус - to take a bus

пересісти на інший автобус - This exact phrase is not in the text.

заблудитися - This exact phrase is not in the text.

31
 карта-схема - This exact phrase is not in the text.

b) Write the degrees of comparison of:

expensive - Positive: expensive, Comparative: more expensive, Superlative: most

expensive

careful - Positive: careful, Comparative: more careful, Superlative: most careful

far - Positive: far, Comparative: farther/further, Superlative: farthest/furthest

wonderful - Positive: wonderful, Comparative: more wonderful, Superlative: most

wonderful

rich - Positive: rich, Comparative: richer, Superlative: richest

nice - Positive: nice, Comparative: nicer, Superlative: nicest c) Give antonyms to

the same adjectives.

Exercise 2. a) Learn Text B by heart and recite it in pairs. b) Give a

summary of Text B in Reported Speech.

The hotel receptionist said hello to a visitor and asked if they could help. The
visitor replied that they were wondering if the receptionist could provide some
information about nice places in the area, as they were going to spend the day in the
city and didn't know where to go.

The receptionist suggested taking a guided tour of London on a double-decker

bus, mentioning that the bus leaves from Trafalgar Square every half hour. They
recommended visiting the Tower of London, Kew Gardens, the National Gallery, and
Westminster Abbey, and then relaxing in a London pub before enjoying an evening at
the Royal Opera House.

The visitor asked how to get to Trafalgar Square. The receptionist explained that
it was very easy: the visitor should leave the hotel, turn left, and find a bus stop
around the corner, where they could take a bus, but they would need to change buses
on the way.

The visitor expressed concern about getting lost while changing buses and asked
if there was another way to get there. The receptionist suggested taking the
underground, but advised the visitor to buy a ticket at a booking office or from a slot
machine and to be careful when using the escalator or a lift, and asked if the visitor
had a schematic map.

The visitor said they didn't have a map as they had just arrived, and decided
against taking the underground, thinking they might hire a taxi instead. The

32
receptionist agreed, mentioning that a taxi stand was outside the main hotel doors to
the left, but warned that taxis were too expensive for anyone but the very rich.

The visitor thanked the receptionist for their kindness and asked for directions to
the nearest call box, explaining that they had promised their wife to call as soon as
they arrived. The receptionist said it was no problem and directed the visitor to the
post office straight up the street.

The visitor thanked the receptionist again, and the receptionist said thank you
and wished the visitor a nice day.

Exercise 3. Make up dialogues and discuss situations.

1. You come out of a London hotel where you are staying. You want to get
to some place. But while crossing the road and taking the turning on your right
you feel you are losing your way. You address a passer-by:

Model: the Opera House.

1. The Zoo

You: Pardon me, could you show me the way to the Zoo?

Passer-by: Yes, of course. Go straight on this street, then turn right at the traffic
lights. It's on your left, you can't miss it.

You: Thank you very much.

2. The Railway Station

You: Excuse me, am I right for the Railway Station?

Passer-by: No, you're going in the wrong direction. Turn around and go back to
the corner, then take the first turning on your left. It's about a 10-minute walk from
there.

You: I appreciate your help.

3. The Central Park

You: Pardon me, can you direct me to Central Park?

Passer-by: Central Park? Are you sure you mean Central Park? That's in New
York. If you mean one of the parks in London, which one?

You: Oh, sorry. Hyde Park.

Passer-by: Ah, Hyde Park. Go straight on and it's about 20 minutes on foot.

You: Thank you.

33
 4. The Bank of England

You: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to the Bank of England?

Passer-by: Yes, it's quite close. Just keep walking straight on this road, and
you'll see it on your right. It's a large, impressive building.

You: Perfect, thank you.

5. The University

You: Pardon me, am I right for the University?

Passer-by: Which university are you looking for? London has several.

You: Oh, sorry. The University of London.

Passer-by: Go down this street and turn left at the next set of lights. It's on the
right side of the street.

You: Thank you.

6. The British Museum

You: Excuse me, could you show me the way to the British Museum?

Passer-by: Certainly. Walk straight ahead, then take the second turning on your
left. It's a short walk from there.

You: Thanks a lot.

7. The Drama Theater

You: Pardon me, can you tell me how to get to the Drama Theater?

Passer-by: Which drama theater? There are many in the West End.

You: The National Theatre.

Passer-by: That's on the South Bank. You'll need to cross the river. The easiest
way is to catch a bus.

You: Thank you for your help.

8. Oxford Street

You: Excuse me, am I right for Oxford Street?

Passer-by: Yes, just keep walking straight this way. It's about a 10-minute walk.

You: Great, thank you.

34
 9. Park Lane

You: Pardon me, could you direct me to Park Lane?

Passer-by: Yes, it's that way. Turn right at the next corner and you'll find it on
your left.

You: Thank you very much.

10. Waterloo Bridge

You: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to Waterloo Bridge?

Passer-by: Go straight on this street until you reach the river. The bridge will be
right in front of you.

You: Thank you.

11. The Tower

You: Pardon me, am I right for the Tower?

Passer-by: Do you mean the Tower of London?

You: Yes.

Passer-by: No, you're heading the wrong way. Turn around and take the first
left.

You: Thanks.

12. The General Post Office

You: Excuse me, could you show me the way to the General Post Office?

Passer-by: Yes, go straight on and you'll see it on your right.

You: Thank you very much.

13. The Bristol Hotel

You: Pardon me, can you direct me to the Bristol Hotel?

Passer-by: I'm sorry, I don't know that hotel.

You: Okay, thank you anyway.

14. Liverpool Station

You: Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to Liverpool Station?

35
 Passer-by: That's a bit of a walk. The best way is to take the underground.

You: Thank you.

2. You are in a new (unknown to you) district of a large city looking for
your friend’s address. The houses around you seem very much alike. You ask a
passer-by to help you find the place.

(My friend’s address is …. … is a usual two-storey building, he said. I’m a new

settler here myself. Try the third house on your left.)

3. Imagine you are a tourist and have just taken a taxi. Make up a
conversation between yourself and a taxi-driver. You may use the questions
below if you want to.

Alex: Hello! Could you take me to the British Museum, please?

John: Certainly, mate. British Museum, gotcha. Are you a tourist then? I can always
spot 'em!

Alex: You're right, I am. I've only been here a couple of days. How long have you
been driving a taxi in London?

John: Oh, on and off for about fifteen years now. It's a good way to see the city,
that's for sure. So, how do you like London so far?

Alex: It's fantastic! There's so much to see and do. What do you like most about it?
As a local, I mean.

John: That's a tough one. I suppose it's the mix of old and new, all the history but
still a modern, buzzing place. Where are you staying while you're here?

Alex: I'm at a hotel near Kensington Gardens. It's quite nice.

Alex: Say, when you're finished with this fare, where's the nearest taxi stand from the
British Museum? I might need to grab another cab later.

John: There's usually a rank just outside the main entrance on Great Russell Street.
You shouldn't have any trouble finding one there.

Alex: Good to know, thanks. Are you usually busy during the day?

John: It varies, really. We get a steady flow of fares, but it definitely picks up during
rush hour and in the evenings, with people going to shows and restaurants.

Alex: What's the busiest time of day for you, then?

John: I'd say the busiest time is usually late afternoon, around 5:00 PM to 7:00 PM,
when everyone's leaving work. It can be a bit of a nightmare with the traffic, to be
honest.
36
Alex: I can imagine! Well, thanks for the information and the ride.

John: No problem at all, mate. Enjoy your visit to the museum!

4. Imagine you are a tourist and have just been on a conducted tour. Make
up a dialogue between yourself and a local friend. You may use some of these
questions and words if you want to.

Alex: Hey Sarah, it's great to see you! I just got back from a guided tour of the city.
How did you find London when you first visited?
Sarah: Hi Alex! It's so good to see you too. Oh, my first impressions of London?
That's a good question. I remember being immediately struck by how different it was
from my hometown – all that history and those grand buildings! What did you think
of the Tower of London?
Alex: The Tower of London was amazing! So much history packed into one place.
What was it like for you seeing the Crown Jewels? I was completely dazzled by
them!
Sarah: Dazzled is the perfect word! They're truly spectacular. And what about
Westminster Abbey? How did you find that? I always think it's breathtaking.
Alex: Westminster Abbey was breathtaking, you're right. The architecture is
incredible. I spent ages just wandering around, taking it all in. Where did you go on
your first tour?
Sarah: I think my first tour covered the main central London sights – Buckingham
Palace, Houses of Parliament, that sort of thing. What about you? Did you see
Buckingham Palace? What was the Changing of the Guard like?
Alex: Yes, I did! The Changing of the Guard was quite a spectacle – all that pomp
and pageantry. It's definitely something you have to see. How did you spend your
evenings when you first arrived? Did you go to any shows?
Sarah: I did! London's theater scene is fantastic. I saw a play in the West End. What
about you? Did you catch a show?
Alex: Not this time, unfortunately. But I did spend an evening in a traditional pub,
which was great. What did you think of the pubs? They're quite different from what
I'm used to.
Sarah: Oh, I love the pubs! They're such a quintessential part of London life. It
sounds like you had a great time!
Alex: I did, thanks for asking!

Words you may use in your answers:

impressive/impressed, interesting/interested, fascinating/fascinated,

exciting/excited, exhausting/exhausted, tiring/tired, amusing/amused.

5. A stranger comes up to you and asks you the way to the railway station.
You give him the necessary directions.

You: Excuse me, can I help you? You look a bit lost.

37
 Stranger: Yes, thank you. I'm trying to find the railway station, but all these
streets look the same to me. Could you tell me how to get there?

You: Of course. It's not too far from here. Go along this street as far as the big
intersection with the traffic lights.

Stranger: Go along this street to the intersection... got it.

You: Yes, and then take the first turning on your left.

Stranger: The first turning on the left after the intersection. Okay.

You: Then, to make it easier, you can take bus number 35 from the bus stop you'll
see there.

Stranger: Bus 35...

You: Yes, but you'll need to change for tram route 16. There will be a sign.

Stranger: Okay, so bus 35, then change for tram route 16. Is it well signposted?

You: Yes, it is. You shouldn't have any trouble finding your way.

Stranger: That's very helpful, thank you so much!

You: You're welcome! Have a good journey.

Exercise 4. a) Read the following texts at home and be ready to discuss

them in class.

London Buses

If you like looking at places and people, travel by bus. Buses don’t go very fast
in the center of London because there is always so much traffic, but that doesn’t
matter if you’re on holiday.
Normal London buses are red and are double-deckers. They have a driver and a
conductor.
There are two sorts of bus-stop: compulsory and request. A compulsory bus-stop
sign means that all the buses on the notice stop here. A request bus-stop sign means
that a bus only stop here if someone wants to get on or off. The request bus-stop sign
is red. If you want to catch a bus at a request stop, put your hand out.
To find out where a bus is going, look at the sign on the front, the side, or the
back of the bus. Some of the places on the route, and the final destination of the bus,
are shown here. You will find a full list of the places on the bus route on a notice at
the bus-stop.
When you’ve got on the bus, the conductor says: ”Fares, please!” you say where
you want to go, he tells you how much to pay, you pay him and he gives you a ticket.

38
 There are other sorts of buses in London, too. The red single-decker buses are
called Red Arrows. They have a driver but no conductor. You pay the same price for
a short journey as for a long one.
The green buses are called the Green Line. These buses cross London, but they
don’t stop very often. They are mainly for people who live a little way out of London
and who travel in and out.

The Tube

You can get to most places in London very quickly if you take the Underground
or Tube, as it’s called here. But don’t travel between 7.30 and 9.30 in the morning ,
or 4.30 and 6.30 in the evening. These are the rush hours.
You have decided where you want to go - so you buy a ticket from the ticket
office at the Underground station, or from an automatic machine. Some stations have
automatic gates where you go in with your ticket. Keep your ticket till the end of your
journey: that’s when the ticket-collector (or a machine) takes it from you.
There are many lines on the London Underground. On an Underground map, all
the lines are a different color.

Taxi!

Do you know what a London taxi looks like? Of course you do. Their special
shape and their black color are famous all over the world. The black cabs, as they are
called, have become a symbol of London. But soon the London taxi is going to
change. Already taxi drivers are allowed to have their cabs in different colors - red,
green, even silver. And soon the shape is going to change too. The authorities have
decided to use a new kind of car - a Range Rover. In 10 years or so the old black car
will be part of history.
It isn’t easy to become a London taxi driver. First you have to go and register
with the Public Carriage Office, the police department which is responsible for
London taxis. There they give you the Blue Book. Actually, the book isn’t blue at all
but it is very important. It contains all the routes you have to know before you can
become a London cabbie.
After that you have to go back to the Public Carriage Office every month. They
ask you questions about the routes and you have to answer them perfectly. When they
are sure you know all the routes in the Blue Book they give you a green badge and
you are a cabbie. But it usually takes about two years to train, or to do the knowledge,
as it is called.
How do you do the knowledge? Well, some people try to memorize the maps in
the Blue Book. But this doesn’t usually work because they can ask you not only how
to get somewhere, but to name the important buildings on the way. So, most people
get a motorbike and ride round and round London until they know all the routes
perfectly, and all the hospitals, and art galleries, and museums, and …

From “Modern English International”.

39
 b) Answer the questions.

1. Would you prefer to travel in London by bus, taxi, or Tube? Why?

 The answer to this question is subjective and depends on individual

preferences. Here's what the text implies, which you can use to form your own
answer:

 Bus: Good for sightseeing and enjoying the view, but slow in central London
due to traffic.

 Tube: The fastest way to get around, especially during off-peak hours, but can
be crowded during rush hour.

 Taxi: Convenient and direct, but the text suggests it's expensive.

 Example of a possible answer: "I think I would prefer to travel by Tube in

London because the text says it's the fastest way to get to most places, and I
want to see as much as possible in a short time. However, I would avoid
traveling during rush hour to avoid the crowds."

2. Do you find London buses fascinating?

 Again, this is subjective. The text presents some interesting facts about them:

 They are red and double-deckers.

 There are different types of bus stops (compulsory and request).

 There are different types of buses (Red Arrows, Green Line).

 Example of a possible answer: "Yes, I find London buses fascinating because

they are a distinctive symbol of the city, and the different types of buses and
bus stops seem like a unique system. The idea of requesting a stop by putting
your hand out is also interesting."

3. What is the Tube? Is it worth traveling?

 The Tube is the name for the Underground railway system in London.

 The text suggests it is worth traveling by Tube, stating that "You can get to
most places in London very quickly if you take the Underground or Tube."
However, it also warns about rush hour.

4. Do you know what a London taxi looks like?

 The text describes London taxis:

 They have a special shape and are traditionally black.

40
  They are called "black cabs" and are a symbol of London.

 However, the text also mentions that their color and shape are changing.
Exercise 5. a) Develop the following situations:

SITUATION 1.
You’re in a hurry to get to the airport, but you haven’t enough money to take a taxi. What means of
transport will you choose and why?
Options:
 Tube (Subway/Metro)
 Bus
 Train (if available to the airport)
 A combination of these
Choice and Reasoning:
 I would choose the Tube or a train if available.
 Why:
o Speed: In most large cities, the Tube/train is the fastest way to travel, especially to the
airport, as it avoids traffic congestion.
o Cost: It's significantly cheaper than a taxi.
 Considerations:
o Luggage: If I have a lot of luggage, this might be less convenient, but if I'm in a real hurry,
I'd prioritize speed.
o Time of Day: During rush hour, the Tube can be very crowded, so I'd factor that in. If it's
rush hour, I might allow extra time or consider an express train service (if available) even if
it's slightly more expensive than the regular Tube.

SITUATION 2.
You are in Kyiv for the first time. You want to see the city. What means of travel will you choose and
why?
options:
 Metro
 Bus
 Trolleybus
 Tram
 Taxi
 Walking
 Funicular (if applicable for certain areas)
choice and reasoning:
 i would choose a combination of walking, public transport (metro, bus, trolleybus, tram), and
potentially a tour bus or river cruise (if available).
 Why:
O Walking: to experience the city's atmosphere, especially in the central areas, and to see
details you might miss on faster transport.
O Public transport:
 Metro: to cover longer distances quickly and efficiently.
 Bus/trolleybus/tram: to reach specific neighborhoods and see the city from street
level.
O Tour bus/river cruise: if available, these can offer a good overview of major landmarks,
especially for a first-time visitor.
 Considerations:
O Time: i'd allocate enough time to use a mix of transport.
O Location: i'd plan my routes to combine walking with efficient public transport connections.

SITUATION 3.
You come to the institute in the morning and go back home after classes in the evening. How do you
travel?
41
 Options:
 Metro
 Bus
 Trolleybus
 Tram
 Walking
 Car/Motorbike
 Bicycle
Choice and Reasoning:
 I would choose the most efficient and cost-effective option for my specific route, which would
likely be a combination of:
o Metro: For the fastest travel over longer distances.
o Bus/Trolleybus/Tram: To cover the remaining distance to/from the institute and my home
if they are not directly on a Metro line.
o Walking: For short distances, especially if the weather is good.
 Why:
o Efficiency: As a student, I'd value time-saving options.
o Cost-effectiveness: Public transport is generally cheaper than owning a car or taking a taxi
every day.
 Considerations:
o Distance: If I live very close, walking or cycling might be viable.
o Traffic: Public transport avoids traffic, especially during peak hours.
o Weather: I'd adjust my choice based on weather conditions (e.g., less walking in heavy
rain).

SITUATION 4.
You’re caught in the rush hour. You can go by tram, trolley-bus and bus. Which will you take and
why?
Choice and Reasoning:
 It's difficult to give a definitive answer without knowing the specific city and the layout of the
routes, but here's a general approach:
 I would choose the option that is least likely to be stuck in traffic.
 Why:
o Tram: Trams often have dedicated lanes, so they are less affected by road congestion. If the
tram route serves my needs, it would be the preferred option.
o Trolleybus: Trolleybuses are also somewhat independent of traffic, but they can be slowed
down by general road congestion.
o Bus: Buses are most vulnerable to traffic delays as they share the road with cars.
 Considerations:
o Route: The most important factor is which option gets me closest to my destination.
o Crowding: Even if the tram is faster, it might be extremely crowded during rush hour.
o Frequency: I'd check the frequency of each service to minimize waiting time.

b) Make dialogues on the following situations:

Dialogue 1: to the nearest metro station

 Stranger: excuse me, i wonder if you could help me? I'm trying to find the nearest metro station. I'm
not familiar with this area at all.

 You: of course. It's not too far. Go straight along this street until you reach the traffic lights. Then,
turn left, and you'll see the entrance to the "university" metro station on your right. It's marked with a
big "m" sign.

 Stranger: straight to the lights, left, and it's on the right. Got it. About how far is that?

42
  You: it's about a 5-minute walk. You can't miss it.

 Stranger: great, thank you very much!

 You: you're welcome!

Dialogue 2: to the nearest bus stop

 Stranger: hello, could you tell me where the nearest bus stop is, please?

 You: yes, there's one just around the corner. If you walk down this street and take the first turning on
your right, you'll see it directly in front of you. It has a small shelter and a sign with the bus numbers.

 Stranger: the first right, and it's right there. Easy enough. Do you know which buses stop there?

 You: yes, the 24, the 101, and the 312 all stop there.

 Stranger: perfect, that's very helpful. Thanks!

 You: no problem.

Dialogue 3: to the nearest shopping center

 Stranger: excuse me, i'm looking for the nearest shopping center. Can you point me in the right
direction?

 You: the nearest one is "central plaza." it's a bit further. You have two options. You can take bus
number 35 from the bus stop down the street, or you can walk. It's about a 20-minute walk.

 Stranger: bus or walk... Which would you recommend?

 You: if you're not in a hurry, the walk is quite pleasant. Just go straight on this street for about 15
minutes, then turn right onto "main street," and you'll see the shopping center on your left.

 Stranger: okay, i think i'll walk. Thanks for your help!

 You: sure thing!

Dialogue 4: to the nearest cafe or snack bar

 Stranger: hi, i'm looking for a quick place to grab a coffee or a snack. Is there a cafe or snack bar
nearby?

 You: yes, there's a nice little cafe just across the street. If you cross at the pedestrian crossing, you'll
see it on the other side. It's called "the daily grind."

 Stranger: oh, i see it! It looks perfect. Thank you!

 You: you're welcome. They have great pastries!

Exercise 6. a) Study the text.

British Towns.

Now I should like to give you a little practical advice on how to build an English town. You must
understand that all the English towns were built to mislead foreigners. That’s why you may use these
century-old practices:
First of all never build a straight street. The English love privacy and don’t want to see one. Build
streets S-shaped, L-shaped, T-shaped, V-shaped, Y-shaped, W-shaped, also O-shaped.
43
 Primitive continental races put even numbers on one side of the street, odd numbers on the other side.
In England you may start numbering your houses at one end, then continue on the other side and go back in
the opposite direction.
You may leave out some numbers if you are superstitious. You may also give the same number to 2 or
3 different houses.
But this is far from the end. Many people don’t give their houses numbers at all, they choose names
for their houses. It is very pleasant to arrive in a street with 300 similar bungalows and look for a house
named “Bungalow”. You may arrive in a street where all the houses have a charming view of a hill and try to
find a house named with 3 apple-trees.
I think I know the real reason for the muddle - England is the only country of the world where there is
a Ministry of Town and Country Planning.

b) Answer the questions:

1. Are world cities growing bigger or smaller?

o The text doesn't directly answer this.

2. Do more or fewer people live in the center of a city?

o The text doesn't directly answer this.

3. Are there more or fewer cars and buses in the city every year?

o The text doesn't directly answer this.

4. Is there more or less fresh air?

o The text doesn't directly answer this.

5. Do people now spend more or less time traveling from home to work and back?

o The text doesn't directly answer this.

6. Do they spend more or less time in their homes with their families?

o The text doesn't directly answer this.

7. Why do more and more people come to live in big cities?

o The text doesn't directly answer this.

Exercise 7. Discuss where you want to live - in a big city or in a small town? Why? Here
are some arguments for and against each. Think of other arguments.

In a small town.
- people are seldom in a hurry;
- people know everybody they pass in the street;
- everybody knows about the people in his/her street;
- few exciting things happen, life is very quiet;
- you can walk to any place you want to;
- you can often see your friends.

In a big city.
- people are always in a hurry;
- people don’t know anybody they pass in the street;
- people know nothing about their neighbors;
- many interesting things happen every day, life is exciting;
44
 - you spend a lot of time in public transport;
- you talk to your friends mostly on the phone.

Exercise 8. a) Different countries have different ideas of the ‘normal’ times for doing
things. See if your country and Britain are the same.

Usual time in Britain

The earliest time of day you about 8.30

could telephone someone.
People get up 7.30 - 8.00
People have breakfast about 8.00
People start work in offices 9.00
People have their mid-day 12.00 - 1.00 p.m.
meal
School starts 9.00
Offices close 5.00 p.m.
Most shops are open 9.00 - 5.30
People have evening meal about 6 p.m.
People go to bed about 11 p.m.
The latest time of day you 10 p.m.
could telephone someone
TV closes down after 12 p.m.
Latest time you could play a
record player/radio in a block 11 p.m.
of flats

b) British Customs. What is normal? Something which you think is normal

someone from another country may think quite extraordinary. Discuss what is
normal in your country and compare it with Britain.

Take your shoes off as soon as you enter someone’s home. No

Shake hands the first time you meet someone Yes
Shake hands when you meet a friend you last saw Yes
yesterday. No
Kiss when you meet a friend you last met six months ago Yes
Kiss people on one cheek No
Kiss people on both cheeks Yes
Queue in a line if you are waiting for a bus or ticket Yes
Hold the door open for a woman if you are a man No
Touch someone several times during a conversation Yes
Take a present if you are invited to visit someone for
dinner
Remove the paper from a bunch of flowers before you give Yes
them to someone
Give flowers to a man No
Take a present of a bottle of wine for someone you do not Yes
know well Yes
Say thank you when you leave the table after a friend has Yes
45
given you a meal.
Write to say thank you when you get home after you have No
stayed with someone Yes
Arrive early for a party No
Arrive at exactly the time you were invited
Arrive at a party one hour later than the time you were
invited.

Exercise 9. Get some pieces of advice how to have a nice time being only a day in
London.

1. If you are going to London for the day by train, try to buy a rail ticket that also includes travel on
London buses and the underground, you will save a fortune on fares.
2. If you do not need your passport and other valuables, leave them at home. Like every other big city,
London has pickpockets. They work wherever there are crowds - especially on the underground. Wear a
money belt.
3. Try not to take £10 or £20 notes. It is safer to take £5 notes. Check your change in shops as soon as
you are given it.
4. Change money before you go to London. It will save time.
5. Avoid street “ currency exchange” when you want to change money. A bank will probably be
cheaper. Lloyds, Midlands, National Westminster, Bank of Scotland etc.
6. If you want to know what shows are on, where, and how much tickets cost, buy a copy of “Time
Out” magazine at the bookshop in the station where you arrive.
7. If you want to buy a ticket to a play, or show, ask about “standy seats” or “student standy seats”.
These are cheaper, but are usually only available on the day of the performance.
8. Plan your visit to London before you arrive. If you don’t you will waste hours and risk being
crushed in the crowds on the ground.
9. London traffic is very busy. This can make taxis expensive.
10. The Tube is quicker than the bus, but you don’t see as much.
11. If you haven’t got much money, take your own sandwiches and drink, as food can be quite
expensive.
12. You will have a very cheap day in London if you visit art galleries and museums. In Britain they
are usually free to everyone every day of the week.
13. If you want to have a very frustrating day in London, join the queues at Madame Tussaud’s and
other most popular places. There is more to London than wax figures and Buckingham Palace! Good luck!

ENGLISH HUMOUR.

An American in London. A self-conceited American visited London where he hired an

Englishman to show him around the city.
“How long were they building that?” he asked his guide as they passed a large hotel.
“About six months, I think,” answered the guide.
“Six months!” exclaimed the American. “It wouldn’t take us more than six weeks to build a hotel like
that in New York.”
They passed a building which was quite new.
“And how long were they building that?” asked the American.
“About four weeks”, answered the guide.
“Four weeks!” exclaimed the American. “In New York we should build a house like that in six days.”
Nothing more was said until they reached the Houses of Parliament.
“Well, that’s not a bad-looking place,” said the American. “how long were they building that?”
“Well, you may not believe me,” answered the guide, ”but that building was not there when I crossed
the bridge last night.”

A Forgetful Tourist. Once a tourist arrived in London. When he got off the train, he asked the
porter to show him the way to the nearest post-office. He sent a telegram to his wife, informing her that he
had arrived safely and giving her the address of the hotel he intended to stay.
46
 Then he went to the hotel, left the luggage there and went for a walk. As it was his first visit to the
English capital, he was very much interested to see the museums and the sights of this beautiful city.
He strolled about a bit, had dinner at a small restaurant and looked at the shops. When he felt tired and
wanted to turn his steps back to the hotel he suddenly realized that he didn’t remember its name or even what
street it was in. Suddenly he remembered the telegram which he had sent to his wife on his arrival. She knew
his address and could help him.
So at a late hour his wife received this extraordinary telegram:
“Please, send me my address at once.”

Asking Too Much. An Englishman was driving along a country road in Ireland and met a man
carrying a heavy bag.
“Can I take you into town?” the Englishman asked.
The Irishman said, “Thank you,” and got into the car.
In a few minutes the driver said that the Irishman was sitting with the heavy bag still in his hand.
“Why don’t you put your bag down?” he asked.
“Well,” answered the Irishman. “You’ve given me a ride in your car. I can’t ask you to carry my bag
as well.”

Washington

Washington was created to be the seat of government of

the USA. It occupies the District of Columbia, abbreviated into DC, name of the capital always goes with
this abbreviation not to be mixed up with another Washington, which is a state on the Pacific Coast.
President George Washington picked out the spot that included the old tobacco-trading Potomac River, port
of Georgetown, not far from George Washington’s own home of Mount Vernon. The Congress approved the
choice.
Washington’s only industry is government. The White House, where the US President lives and
works, the Capitol, the home of the US Congress and Supreme Court are all there.
French architect Pierre l’Enfant planned the city. The city is divided into four sections or quadrants:
North West, North East, South West, and South East. (NW, NE, SW, SE.)
The Capitol is also the point from which the city’s streets are numbered and lettered. The streets east
and west of the Capitol are numbered 1 st street, 2nd street, the streets to the north and south are lettered G
Street, K Street.
Almost every public building , art gallery, government office can be seen in the North-West quadrant,
the other quadrants are residential.
The Capitol, seat of the US Congress, got its name from the Temple in Rome. It consists of a central
building crowned by a great dome and connected at each end by galleries with a large wing, one of which
contains the Senate Chamber and the other the Hall of Representatives.
The Mall, a long expanse of green stretching to the Washington Monument is bordered by a number of
museums and art galleries.
The White House, the official residence of the presidents of the USA is located at 1600, Pennsylvania
Avenue.

47
 The Library of Congress happens to be the biggest existing library, contains more than 13 million
books in various languages, more than 19 million manuscripts, including the personal papers of presidents.
The Library serves the Congress, the government establishments and the public. The law of 1870 makes it
obligatory to send to the library two copies of every American book, newspaper or any other published item.
Pennsylvania Avenue connects the Capitol with the White House. This is the route of the President’s
inauguration procession every four year.
Lafayette Square is located in front of the White House. The Washington Monument, a tall structure
rises on the hill behind the White House (152 meters high). It is an obelisk of white marble nicknamed the
Pencil.
The Lincoln Memorial is a big temple in Greek style with 36 marble columns to represent the states in
the union at Lincoln’s death.
It is interesting to know that the Pentagon, headquarters of the Department of Defence is the world’s
largest office building.
Georgetown University, the oldest Catholic college in the USA, is in Georgetown. It is worthy of note
that the Arlington National Cemetery is a sacred place in Washington where President John F. Kennedy is
buried.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

a seat of Government місцезнаходження уряду

to abbreviate скорочувати
a government establishment урядова установа
inauguration of a new president вступ на посаду нового президента
headquarters штаб-квартира, головне управління
the District of Columbia округ Колумбія
the Potomac річка Потомак

Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.

Why was Washington created?

 Washington was created to be the seat of government of the USA.

The names of which famous people is Washington connected with?

 Washington is connected with President George Washington, who picked out the spot for the city,
and French architect Pierre L’Enfant, who planned the city.

What are the most significant monuments and buildings in it?

 The most significant monuments and buildings include:

o The White House

o The Capitol

o The Supreme Court

o The Washington Monument

o The Lincoln Memorial

o The Library of Congress

o The Pentagon

What river flows through Washington?

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  The Potomac River flows through Washington.

Exercise 2. 1. Discuss with your groupmateswhat you would mention to a group of

tourists standing in front of the White House?
2. Arrange a talk between Ukrainian and American students on the sights of
Washington.
3. Describe a sight or a view of Washington that could strike you as picturesque,
beautiful and unusual.

Introducing New York - Gateway to the USA.

The New York Bay at the mouth of the Hudson River was first seen by an
Italian navigator Giovanni de Verrazano in 1525 and later, in 1609, it was explored by
Henry Hudson, who discovered the Hudson River and Manhattan Island. In 1626 two
ships of Dutch colonists arrived and under the leadership of Peter Minuit set up their
first settlement named New Amsterdam. In 1664 the colony was captured by the
British fleet under Duke of York and renamed New York. The first view of the city is
the sight of the bronze Statue of Liberty, presented to the United States by France in
1886 in order to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of American independence.
The statue is 152 feet high and stands on a pedestal of almost the same height. A new
American Museum of Immigration is opened at the base of the Statue. New York, the
nation’s largest city and richest port, is a national leader in business, finance,
manufacturing, communications, service industries, fashion and the arts.

New York City consists of five boroughs: Manhattan, the Bronx, Queens, Brooklyn and Richmond
(Staten Island).
Manhattan is the heart of the city, a rocky island thirteen miles long and 2 miles wide. It is divided into
three parts: downtown, midtown and uptown. Bowling Green is a small triangular area at the foot of
Broadway. It was a market in the time of the Dutch. Now it is the oldest city park. It was on this spot that the
Dutch governor, Peter Minuit bought Manhattan from the Indians for 24 dollars in 1626. Quite a bargain!
Downtown Manhattan is the business center of the nation. Wall Street here is America’s financial
center. It symbolizes the money - financiers of the US. Wall Street was called so because of a wall which
extended along the street in Dutch times. It was built about 1650 from the Hudson River to the East River to
protect the small colony from attacks by Indians. Later the wall was removed, but the name remained.
The present City Hall is the third building housing the City Hall since the city was first established as
New Amsterdam. It houses the offices of Mayor, President of the City Council and the meeting rooms of the
City Council. Here there are desks of the first three Presidents.
A campus of New York University is situated in downtown Manhattan at Washington Square. Another
place of interest in this area is Greenwich Village, known as the Bohemian quarters of the literary and artistic
world. Manhattan is crossed from north to south by avenues and from east to west by streets. They are
numbered but such as Park, Madison, Lexington and Columbus bear names. The most fashionable is Fifth
Avenue. It has become a symbol of wealth, elegance, fashion and glamour all over the United States.
Broadway near Time Square is a place where most theaters are located. It is famous for its night-clubs, cafes,
restaurants, hotels and shops.
Midtown Manhattan contains Pennsylvania Station, the busiest station in the USA, Empire State
Building (102 stories). It was named after the “Empire State” (a nickname of New York). It lost its
America’s tallest title when the twin 110-story towers of New York’s World Trade Center were completed in
1973. United Nations Headquarters - 38 story building occupies a six-block area (from 42 nd to 48th streets).
Rockefeller Center of Radio City is called so because the Radio Corporation of America - RCA - owns the
tallest of the 15 skyscrapers in this group. It is a city within a city with its own restaurants, stores, theaters,
post-offices. In winter the outdoor restaurant is transformed to an ice-skating pond.
In Uptown Manhattan visitors usually see a Memorial to Christopher Columbus in the center of
Columbus circle; New York Coliseum, the most modern exhibition hall; Central Park with numerous
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playgrounds; tennis-courts and bridle-paths; American Museum of Natural History. There one can find
Columbia University, founded in 1754 by royal decree of George II, king of England. Now it is a private
institution where the tuition costs not less than 6000 dollars a year.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

to explore досліджувати
to be explored by
at the base of у підніжжя
at the foot of a street в кінці вулиці
to protect from захищати від
to be named after називати на честь
skyscraper хмарочос

Exercise 1. a) Study the text above and ask questions to get these answers:

1. Hudson River 6. Wall Street

2. New Amsterdam 7. Greenwich Village
3. The bronze Statue of Liberty 8. Broadway
4. 13 miles long and 2 miles wide 9. World Trade Center
5. Quite a bargain! 10. A city within a city

b) Imagine you are a guide in New York. Give a short commentary on any well known
place of interest in it.

Kyiv

Kyiv , the capital of Ukraine, is one of the oldest cities of Eastern Europe, and is situated on the
picturesque banks of the Dnieper River.
Nowadays, it is a large historical, political, religious, scientific and cultural center of Ukraine. Its
population equals nearly 3 million people. It is a seat of the Supreme Rada and the Cabinet of Ministers.
Inimitable in the beauty and variety of its green landscape, Kyiv is famous not only for its history, but
for the chestnut-trees in blossom, new white-walled residential high-rises, and the Dnieper itself, whose
waters seem to carry the wisdom of the past ages.
Kyiv’s monuments of the past attract a lot of visitors. They are impressed by Kyiv Pechersky
Monastery which stands on the green hills above the Dnieper and its sparkling cupolas can be seen from
outside the capital. The huge gateway from Volodymyrska street opens on the territory of another ancient
monument - St. Sophia’s Cathedral which is a state architectural and historical preserve. It was founded in
1037 during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise. On the other corner of Volodymyrska street you can see the
Golden Gate.
Mariinsky Palace, church of St. Andrew, Vydubetsky Monastery are really worth sightseeing too.
In the park of Immortal Glory there is a Tomb of Unknown Soldier, over which an eternal fire burns.
There are a lot of museums in Kyiv: the Historical Museum, the Museum of Ukrainian Art, the
Museum of Russian Art, the Museum of Western and Oriental Art, Schevchenko Museum and others.
Kyiv is a center of Ukrainian culture. Many research institutes and higher educational establishments
are to be found here. It is well-known for its theaters and concert halls such as Taras Shevchenko Opera and

50
Ballet Theater, Musical Comedy Theater, conservatoire and philharmonic, the Concert Hall “Ukraine”. The
performances staged at these theaters are always of great demand.
The picturesque green banks and hills, plentiful flowerbeds with millions of different flowers,
wonderful beaches of the Dnieper, the Khreshchatic, one of the widest and most beautiful streets in our
country - all this adds up to the beauty of the Ukrainian capital.

ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY

a residential high-rises житлові багатоповерхові будинки

an architectural and historical preserve архітектурний та історичний заповідник
a research institute дослідницький інститут
to be of great demand користуватися попитом

Exercise 1. Dwell on the statements:

 Kyiv is one of the oldest cities of Europe.

 What this means: Kyiv has a very long and rich history, with evidence of settlement dating back
many centuries.

 Points to dwell on:

o How does Kyiv's age compare to other major European cities?

o What are some key historical events or periods that contribute to Kyiv's status as an old city?

o What archaeological evidence supports this claim?

o How has Kyiv's long history shaped its culture and identity?

 2. The city was named after the eldest of the three brothers.

 What this means: According to legend, Kyiv was founded by three brothers named Kyi, Shchek,
and Khoryv, and the city takes its name from Kyi.

 Points to dwell on:

o Is this purely a legend, or is there historical evidence to support it?

o How important is this founding myth to the identity of Kyiv?

o Are there other cities with founding legends involving brothers or similar figures?

o What are the alternative theories about the origin of the name "Kyiv"?

 3. The Sophia Cathedral of St. Sophia of Kyiv was built during the reign of Prince Yaroslav.

 What this means: This famous cathedral, a significant architectural and religious landmark, was
constructed during the time when Prince Yaroslav the Wise ruled Kyiv.

 Points to dwell on:

o What is the historical significance of Yaroslav the Wise's reign for Kyiv and Ukraine?

51
 o What architectural style is the cathedral, and what does it tell us about the period?

o What role has the cathedral played in Kyiv's religious and cultural life?

o Why is it important to preserve historical sites like the Sophia Cathedral?

 4. The Kyiv Cave Historical Cultural Preserve is a top tourist attraction.

 What this means: The Kyiv Pechersk Lavra, a monastic complex with caves, is a major site that
many tourists visit in Kyiv.

 Points to dwell on:

o What is the historical and religious significance of the Kyiv Pechersk Lavra?

o Why are the caves such an important part of the site?

o What kinds of cultural treasures or artifacts are preserved within the Lavra?

o How does tourism impact the preservation of such a site?

 5. Art museums contain paintings, sculptures, embroidery, needlework, and dress.

 What this means: Art museums display various forms of artistic expression, including visual arts
(painting, sculpture) and decorative arts (embroidery, needlework, clothing).

 Points to dwell on:

o What are some of the most famous art museums in Kyiv, and what are their specializations?

o Why is it important to preserve and exhibit different forms of art?

o How do art museums contribute to a city's cultural life and tourism?

o How has Ukrainian art evolved over time, and how is it reflected in museum collections?

Exercise 2. Translate the text into Ukrainian.

THERE ON HIGH

One will probably not find another historical spot associated with so many legends and superstitions.
Legend has it that in the early first century A.D. s(ome surces point to the fourtieth year since the Birth of
Christ) the place where the church stands now was visited by St.Andrew. He erected a cross and and
addressed these prophetic words to his disciples: “Do you see these hills? Upon them shall shine the Glory of
our Lord, a city shall emerge and God shall have many churches built there.”
Another version has it that Yanka (Hanna), daughter of Grand Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavich, brought
the story about the saint from Byzantium and, that her narraton was used by the Kyiv Rus’ chronicler.
The place has since been revered by believers, and has never lacked in devoted attendance. It was
there back in 988 A.D., that Prince Volodymyr had an Orthodox church built in place of a temple to the
pagan god Perun. The church was named for St. Basil and stayed there until the twelfth century. Sometime
later it was replaced by Str.Andrew’s Convent, founded by that same Princess Yanka (Hanna) who gathered
a large number of nuns and taught them reading, writing, religion songs, and needlework. A stone church
was erected to commemorate the erection of St. Andrew’s Cross in 1215. In 1724, St. Andrew’s Church was
ruined by a storm.
The sad history of this church, one of the most bewitching religious structures of the Slavic world,
started almost as soon as a corner stone was laid in its foundation by Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrovna
(August 1744). A number of “Italian spacialists in brickwork and tile roofing” were dispatched from St.
Petersburgh. I. F. Michurin was in charge of the famous Rastrelli project.
52
 In this century, St. Andrew’s Church went through numerous ordeals, together with the city. It was
transferred from one confession to the next and then closed. In 1968 it became a museum…

“The Day”
May 5 – 12, 1998

Exercise 3. Imagine you are a guide. Give a short commentary on any well-known place of
interest in your town. The following passages will be of help.

Passage 1. Kyiv, now the capital of Ukraine, stretches on the high hills along the Dnieper, rivalling the
oldest and most charming cities of Europe. Every epoch left mark here. Glorious pages of the
past and staggering current realities seem to have merged into a single, inimitable whole of
this ancient yet ever so youthful city. Its monuments of past are perfectly integrated with
modern buildings – attractive hotels, cinemas, TV tower, Metro stations, banks and
administrative buildings. As one takes a bus ride through Khreschatic or strolls in the shade
of trees it is difficult to believe that ages ago this was the sight of a deep valley covered with
primeval forests and numerous ravines.

Passage 2. Vladimir Hill is one of the most beautiful spots in the city. It offers a magnificent view of the
Dnieper and the surrounding terrain. From here you can see the pedestrian bridge which
connects the right bank with the city’s five beaches. The monument to Prince Vladimir was
erected here. A high octagonal pedestal with the bronze figure of Prince Vladimir atop faces
the Dnieper in which in 988 the citizens of Kyiv wer3e baptised. The prince wears the dress
of an ancient Russian warrior.

Passage 3. The St. Sophia museum is an ensemble of 11 th – 18th century architecture and art. St. Sophia
Cathedral, founded by Prince Yaroslav the Wise in 1037, is the central structure of the
preserve. It was the principal Christian cathedral of ancient Rus, the residence of the
Metropolitan and the political and the cultural centre of the country. For centuries this
remarkable building, the embodiment of the talent and assiduity of hundreds of thousands of
its nameless builders, has astonished the vision with nits magnificence and splendour. The
interior decorations of the Cathedral are exceptionally valuable and add its unique
architectural forms. Numerous mosaics and frescoes have been discovered under the coating
of later ornamentation and restored to their former beauty.

Passage 4. Leaving St. Sophia Cathedral through the gateway, you come out into Sophiyivsky Square. It
is bordered to the right by a strip of trees and shrubs while in the centre if the square there is
the monument to Bohdan Khmelnytsky, the 17th century outstanding Ukrainian statesman and
military leader. The monument to Bohdan Khmelnytsky was built in 1888 by sculptor
Mikhail Mikeshin. It shows the eminent statesman and soldier on horse back.

Passage 5. St. Andrew’s Church (1747 – 53, Bartolomeo Rastrelli and Ivan Michurin, architects), a
gorgeous historical and architectural monument, is not far from Vladimir Hill. It was built in
the baroque style. The overall impression is one of unusual lightness and harmony. The
frescoes are by the 18th century artist Aleksei Antropov, founder of the Russian school of
realistic portrait painting. Today St. Andrew’s Church is a museum.

Passage 6. Kyiv’s monuments of the past attract a lot of visitors. They are impressed by Kyiv –
Pechersky Monastery which stands on the green hill above the Dnieper and its sparkling gold
cupolas can be seen from outside the capital. Kyiv - Pechersk Lavra seems to sink and
dissolve into the golden attire of lime-trees, poplars and mighty chestnut trees. Lavra became
our first chronicler, publisher and spreader of literacy and knowledge.

PROGRESS CHECK EXERCISES.

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 Exercise 1. Check your knowledge of the historical places, museums, places of interest in
London, Washington, Moscow, New York, Kyiv. Complete the following sentences giving
some information about them.

1. The picture gallery with the richest collection of works by old Russia’s masters and Modern artists in
Moscow is the Tretyakov Gallery.

2. Public meetings in Trafalgar Square in London are often held at the foot of Nelson's Column.

3. The museum in London which, among other things, houses one of the richest libraries in the world is
the British Museum.

4. The botanical gardens in the British capital are in Kew Gardens.

5. Since 1800 the White House has been the residence of the President of the United States.

6. Among London’s most ancient historical monuments dating back to the times of the Norman kings
one should mention the Tower of London.

7. Nelson, Wellington, and other outstanding men of Britain’s army and navy are buried in St. Paul's
Cathedral or Westminster Abbey. (Both are correct, depending on the specific person)

8. Many great English poets are buried in Poets' Corner in Westminster Abbey.

9. The members of the delegation were taken to see J.F. Kennedy’s grave in Arlington National
Cemetery.

10. The tallest memorial from the top of which one can get a bird’s eye view of the US capital is the
Washington Monument.

11. Those in London who want to listen to parliamentary debates can do so from the stranger’s galleries
in the Houses of Parliament (Palace of Westminster).

12. The bronze Statue of Liberty was presented to the United States by France.

13. A campus of New York University is situated in downtown Manhattan at Washington Square
Park.

14. The huge gateway from Volodymyrska street opens on the territory of an ancient monument the
Golden Gate (Zoloti Vorota).

Exercise 2. Translate the sentences into English.

1. В центрі Сіті, навпроти головного банку Англії, стоїть статуя Веллінгтона - знаменитого
англійського генерала і державного діяча XIX століття. Під його командуванням англійські війська
разом зі своїми союзниками нанесли поразку армії Наполеона під Ватерлоо в 1815 році. Міст
Ватерлоо, один з найкращих мостів через Темзу був названий в честь цієї перемоги.

In the center of the City, opposite the main Bank of England, stands the statue of Wellington - the
famous English general and statesman of the 19th century. Under his command, English troops, together
with their allies, defeated Napoleon's army at Waterloo in 1815. Waterloo Bridge, one of the best bridges
across the Thames, was named in honor of this victory.

2. Мелл (the Mall) - це широкий проспект, обсажений деревами, який веде від Трафальгарської
площі до Букінгемського Палацу - резиденції англійських королів. Навпроти палацу стоїть
величезний пaм’ятник зі статуєю Перемоги зверху. Цей пам’ятник був збудований на честь королеви
Вікторії, царювання якої було найдовшим в історії.

54
 The Mall is a wide, tree-lined avenue that leads from Trafalgar Square to Buckingham Palace - the
residence of English kings. Opposite the palace stands a huge monument with a statue of Victory on top.
This monument was built in honor of Queen Victoria, whose reign was the longest in history.

3. З вікна таксі можна побачити Лондон тільки мимохідь. Але існує багато інших способів
познайомитись з Лондоном: можна походити по місту пішки, можна здійснити поїздку на
туристичному автобусі, крім того, можна покататися на човні по Темзі і подивитися архітектурні
пам’ятники з іншого боку.

From a taxi window, you can only see London in passing. But there are many other ways to get to
know London: you can walk around the city on foot, you can take a tour bus, and you can also take a boat
trip on the Thames and see the architectural monuments from a different perspective.

Exercise 3. Fill in articles wherever necessary.

The National Gallery in Trafalgar Square has one of the best balanced picture collections in the world. It
can show the progress of Italian painting from the medieval to the mature mastery of the Renaissance; some
outstanding pictures of the old Roman masters; an excellent choice of Spanish painters, with El Greco,
Velasquez, and Ribera leading; a great variety of unsurpassed Dutch and Flemish masters; the most valuable
display of French paintings from the early days of the Impressionists; and, of course, the bulk of the finest
English painting, with Gainsborough, Turner, Constable, and Reynolds.

The Tate Gallery in Millbank has a collection complementary to that of the National Gallery, for it presents
modern masters of England and France.

Exercise 4. Read through the following sentences and fill in the missing words.

Where do they live?

 Most English families live in a house.

 A king lives in a palace.

 A monk lives in a monastery.

 A nun lives in a convent.

 Soldiers live in a barracks.

 A prisoner lives in a jail.

 A gipsy lives in a caravan.

 An Eskimo lives in an igloo.

 A bee lives in a hive.

 A bird lives in a nest.

 A dog lives in a kennel.

 A horse lives in a stable.

 A pig lives in a sty.

 A spider lives in a web.

 An eagle lives in an eyrie.

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 SUGGESTED EXAMINATION TOPICS

1. London is the capital of Great Britain

2. London historic and London modern.
3. New York City and its tourists attractions.
4. Visiting Washington D.C.
5. Kyiv, a city of my youth.

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