DETAILED LESSON PLAN IN SCIENCE 9 CUM INTEGRATION

OF PISA-LIKE QUESTION
Topic / Title The Hydrocarbons
Grade Level Science 9
Time Allotment
Content Standard

The learners should be able to demonstrate understanding of the types of bonds that carbon atom forms resulting to the
diversity of carbon compounds.

Performance Standard

The learners should be able to perform guided experiments in determining the properties of common organic
compounds.

Learning Competency
MELC: Explain how structure of the carbon atom affects the type of bonds it forms. (S9MT-IIg-17)

Objectives:
The learners should be able to:
 Differentiate the three common groups of hydrocarbons namely alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes,
 Identify the general formula and the type of bonds in the molecule of a hydrocarbon compound
 Explain the rules in naming alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

ELICIT (5 minutes) MATERIALS

Working in groups, the learners determine the type of bond involves in each compound. Use Small white board,
marker, Power
the given board and marker to show their answer.
point Presentation
1. Methane (CH4) 3. Iodine gas (I2)

2. Phosphine (PH3) 4. Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Guide Questions:
1. How do Atoms of non-metal elements form their compounds?
2. What types of bonds do non-metals form in compounds?

ENGAGE (5 minutes)
Power point
presentation,
 The teacher will present four pictures and let the learners describe the given examples of
structural formula (Butane). Let them explain the difference of each formula.

 Explain clearly the different structural formula – expanded, condenced, skeletal and line-
angle structural formula and discuss also the boiling point. The meaning of these terms are
very important because the learners will be drawing the trends about these properties from
the given tables of information.

EXPLORE (15 minutes)

Power point
Working in groups, the learners perform the activity given to their group. Presentation,
Activity sheet
 Let the learners perform the activity, The Hydrocarbons, and answer the guide question
given to their group.
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Key Questions:
1. What are the types of bond present in the following: Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?

Using Tables 1 to 3, what

pattern do you observe in
terms of the phase,
number of
carbon atoms,
structure and boiling
point of the alkanes,
alkenes, and alkynes?
Explain the patterns
you observe.
Q3. What do you think will
be the boiling point of the
next alkane, alkene, and
alkyne? Will
the boiling point
of each hydrocarbon
be higher or lower?
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Explain your answer.
Q4. Why do you think
some hydrocarbons are
gases and others are
liquids?
Q5. Why do you think
there are many
hydrocarbon compounds?
Q6. What hydrocarbon
compounds are gases and
liquids? What are the uses
of gaseous
hydrocarbon
compounds and liquid
hydrocarbon compounds
2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase, number of carbon
atoms, structure and boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes? Explain the patterns
you observe.
3. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene, and alkyne? Will the
boiling point of each hydrocarbon be higher or lower? Explain your answer.
4. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids?
5. Why do you think there are many hydrocarbon compounds?
6. What hydrocarbon compounds are gases and liquids? What are the uses of gaseous
hydrocarbon compounds and liquid hydrocarbon compounds?

EXPLAIN (15 minutes)

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  Let the learners present their output in front of the class.
 When the group is done with its presentation, make sure also to clarify or correct some Power point
Presentation,
answers regarding the trends of the properties of the compounds in the tables of data.
manila paper,
Discuss with them the rules in writing the names and the information about the common
groups of hydrocarbons: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes.

ELABORATE (5 minutes)

Let the learners answer the PISA like question below. Paper and pen

1. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds which contains carbon and hydrogen

atoms. Some of the common hydrocarbons are, Propane and Butane which
are major constituents of the Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). They are the
main source of fuel in our industry. As shown in the table 1, and Figure 1,
Hydrocarbon is divided into Saturated and Unsaturated. Saturated contains
single bond and classified as alkanes while, unsaturated contains at least
one multiple bond and classified whether alkenes or alkynes.

Table 1. Description of Hydrocarbon

Type of bond Carbon Compound Hydrocarbon

Single Saturated Alkane
Double Unsaturated Alkene
Triple Unsaturated Alkyne

Question:

Which statement best describes a saturated hydrocarbon?

1. It has a single bond between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
2. It has multiple bonds between carbon and hydrogen atoms.
3. The name of the hydrocarbon ends with the suffix -ane.
4. The name of the hydrocarbon ends with the suffix -ene/-yne.

a. 1 and 2 b. 3 and 4 c. 1 and 3 d. 2 and 4

2. Carbon atoms when combined to other elements such as Hydrogen atoms

form covalent bonds. Octane (C8H18), Butene (C4H8) and Propyne (C3H4) are
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 classified as hydrocarbon compounds.
Below are Tables 1 and 2 which show the guide in giving common name of a
specific hydrocarbon compound.

Question:

Which statement below best explains the naming of common molecular

hydrocarbon compounds.
1. Look for the number of atoms, combine the prefix and suffix to constitute a
hydrocarbon compound.
2. Look for the number of carbon atoms, combine the prefixes and suffixes to
make up the hydrocarbon compound.
3. Identify the number of carbon atoms and its corresponding prefix, and suffix
on the category of hydrocarbon compounds.
4. Identify the number of carbon atoms, type of bond and categories of
hydrocarbon compounds.

EXTENT (5 minutes)
Power point,
 The learners answer the essential question. activity sheet
 How important are hydrocarbons?
Let the learners answer the activity. The learners will give the uses of some petroleum products.

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EVALUATION (5 minutes)
Power point,
Answer the short quiz/formative assessment individually. (10-item Multiple Choice, Quiz Bee style) paper and pen

Prepared By:

DEPMAR C. VALDEZ
EPS- Science

Activity Sheet: The Hydrocarbons

Objectives:
 Recognize common kinds of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and their uses,
 Identify the types of bonds formed in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes; and
 Relate the structures of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes to their properties.

Materials:
 Bond paper

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  pen
 manila

Procedure:
1. With your groupmates, use the data I table 1 to 3 to answer the questions in this activity.

Table 1. Alkanes
Name Phase Condensed Structural Formula Boiling Point (0C)
Methane Gas CH4 -162
Ethane Gas CH3CH3 -89
Propane Gas CH3CH2CH3 -42
Butane Gas CH3CH2CH2CH3 -0.5
Pentane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 36
Hexane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 69
Heptane Liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 98
Octane liquid CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 126

Table 2. Alkenes
Name Phase Condensed Structural formula Boiling Point (0C)
Ethene Gas CH2=CH2 -104
Propene Gas CH2=CHCH3 -47
1-Butene Gas CH2=CHCH2CH3 -6
1-Pentene Liquid CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3 30
1-Hexene Liquid CH2=CHCH2CH2CH2CH3 63

Table 3. Alkynes
Name Phase Condensed Structural Formula Boiling Point (0C)
Ethyne Gas CH = C H -84
Propyne Gas CH= C CH3 -47
2-Butyne Gas CH3 C = C CH3 8.08
Pentyne Liquid CH = C CH2CH2CH3 40.2

Guide Questions:
1. What are the types of bond present in the following: Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes?

Using Tables 1 to 3, what

pattern do you observe in
terms of the phase, number of
carbon atoms,

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 structure and boiling point
of the alkanes, alkenes, and
alkynes? Explain the patterns
you observe.
Q3. What do you think will be
the boiling point of the next
alkane, alkene, and alkyne?
Will
the boiling point
of each hydrocarbon be
higher or lower? Explain your
answer.
Q4. Why do you think some
hydrocarbons are gases and
others are liquids?
Q5. Why do you think there are
many hydrocarbon
compounds?

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Q6. What hydrocarbon
compounds are gases and
liquids? What are the uses of
gaseous
hydrocarbon
compounds and liquid
hydrocarbon compounds
2. Using Tables 1 to 3, what pattern do you observe in terms of the phase, number of carbon atoms, structure
and boiling point of the alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes? Explain the patterns you observe.
3. What do you think will be the boiling point of the next alkane, alkene, and alkyne? Will the boiling point of each
hydrocarbon be higher or lower? Explain your answer.
4. Why do you think some hydrocarbons are gases and others are liquids?
5. Why do you think there are many hydrocarbon compounds?
6. What hydrocarbon compounds are gases and liquids? What are the uses of gaseous hydrocarbon
compounds and liquid hydrocarbon compounds?

Answers:
1. Compounds in the alkanes group only have single bonds between carbon atoms. Alkenes have at
least one double bond between carbon atoms in the compounds. Alkynes have at least one triple
bond between carbon atoms in the compounds.
2. The physical state of the alkanes from methane to butane is gas and from pentane to octane is
liquid. The reason for this is related to the structure of the compounds. If the molecule of the
compound is small, it interacts less with others, just like methane, it is likely to be gaseous
compound. When the molecules become bigger in size or structure, they can closely interact with
each other, and they will become more likely to be liquid just like in the case of octane. Octane
molecules has a very long chained structure that makes it too heavy to be a gaseous compound.
The trend in the phase of the compounds is also the same with the alkenes and alkynes. The phase
of the alkenes and alkynes is a gas when the molecules are small and becomes liquid as the
molecules becomes bigger.

The trend in the structures of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is the same. The size
of the structures of the compounds is increasing because the compounds become bigger or larger.
3. The trend in the boiling point of the compounds in alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes is also in an
increasing pattern. This is because of their structures. As the structures of the compounds become
bigger, they also interact more with each other. Bigger molecules that interact with each other
more strongly require higher temperature to evaporate. That is why they have a higher boiling
point.
4. The reason why there are hydrocarbons that are gases and liquids is because of the structure or
size of the molecules of the compounds. When the molecules are small, they tend to interact less
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 among each other. Smaller molecules are small, they tend to interact less among each other.
Smaller molecules are usually gases. When molecules have bigger structures, they interact more
with each other. Thus, bigger molecules then tend to settle in liquid state.
5. The reason for the large amount of hydrocarbon compounds is the carbon atom. Carbon atoms
have four valence electrons. This atomic structure of the carbon makes it possible to for many types
of bonds with other elements and with other carbon atoms. The formation of these bonds results in
many different hydrocarbons.
6. Common examples of gaseous hydrocarbon compounds are methane, butane, propene, and ethyne
(acetylene). Methane gas is the most common hydrocarbon. It is used as fuel for cigarette lighter
and LPG. It is also mixed with other fuel for vehicles. Butane gas is used as fuel, blended with other
hydrocarbons to produce liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and is also used as fuel cigarette lighter.
The color of the flame when butane is used in cigarette lighter is blue. Ethyne gas or commonly
known as acetylene is used commonly in flame torch that is used in welding of iron. It is also used
for hastening the ripening of fruits.

Examples of common liquid hydrocarbons are octane and pentene. Octane and pentene are used as
components of gasoline.

EVALUATION:

EASY ROUND:

1. How many types of bonds can a carbon atom form?

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
2. Which hydrocarbon compound has a double bond in the molecule?
a. Ethane b. methane c. propene d. propyne
3. To which group of hydrocarbon does the molecule with the structure H – C = C – H belong?
a. Alkane b. alkyne c. alkene d. none of the above
4. Which alkene will most likely have the highest boiling point?
a. Ethene b. propene c. pentene d. hexene

AVERAGE ROUND:

1. Methane is a component of natural gas. What is the common used of methane?

a. Disinfectant b. medicine c. fuel d. cleaning agent
2. What happens to the boiling point of hydrocarbon compounds when the number of carbon atoms
increases?
a. Remains the same b. decreases c. increases d. increases then decreases
3. Mercy’s car stopped in the middle of the road. She found out that her car has ran out of fuel. Which
compound must she buy?
a. Kerosene b. gasoline c. lubricating oil d. water

DIFFICULT TEST:

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1. Which are TRUE about organic compounds?
I. Organic compounds contain calcium
II. Organic compounds contain carbon
III. Organic compounds can be produced by living organisms
IV. Organic compounds can be produced artificially.
a. I, II and III only b. I and III only c. II and III only d. II, III and IV only
2. Why are carbon atoms able to form many organic compounds?
a. Carbon atoms have strong attraction to other elements.
b. Carbon atoms attract electrons from other atoms
c. Carbon atoms can form many types of bonds with other carbon
d. None of the above
3. Using the general formula for alkanes, what is the specific name of alkanes if
Number of carbon atoms present when 10 hydrogen atoms are present
Answer: C4H10 = Butane

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