Adulthood Phase
Dr. dr Luh Gede Sri Yenny Sp.PD, FINASIM
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences
Warmadewa University
2024
Learning objectives
1. Students are able to analyze the physical growth and
development of adults
2. Students are able to analyze adult motor
development (bone and muscle density).
3. Students are able to mention the cognitive and
psychosocial development of adults.
4. Students are able to explain adult sexual maturity.
5. Students are able to analyze disorders of adult
growth and development
Adulthood Phase
Divided by 3
1. early adulthood --> 18-40 years
2. middle adulthood --> 41-60 years
3. late adulthood --> > 60 years old
Early adulthood
Early adulthood is a transition period from
adolescence to adulthood.
The transition from dependence to economic
independence, freedom of self-determination, and a
more realistic view of the future.
Legally, early adulthood begins when someone turns
21 years old (even though they are not yet married) or
from when someone marries (even though they are
not yet 21 years old).
Early adult physical development
There is rapid physical growth --> height
Men begin to show prominent muscles
in the chest, arms, thighs and calves.
Women begin to show changes in body
shape that differentiate them from the
bodies of children
Early adult motor development
Be at peak health, strength, energy, endurance
and motor function.
Visual acuity is most prominent at the age of
20-40 years
taste, smell and sensitivity to pain and
temperature generally persist until at least 45
years of age.
However, hearing gradually decreases,
especially high pitch sounds, begins to
disappear since adolescence and becomes
more obvious after the age of 25 years
Cognitive and psychosocial
development of early adulthood
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Reflective Thinking
(reflective thinking) – John Dewey -->Reflective
thinking continually questions things that are
considered facts, draws conclusions and makes
connections.
Postformal Thought -->is flexible, open, adaptive and
individualistic. This thinking is based on intuition and
emotion as well as logic to help someone overcome a
world that seems full of problems.
Emotional Intelligence --> the ability to understand
and regulate emotions.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Most of them have finished school/college and
are working.
Choosing friends to hang out with (as future
husband or wife)
Learn to live together with your husband or
wife --> have a family Learn to care for children
Manage the household Start
working in a position
Start taking responsibility as a proper citizen
Obtaining a social group that is in tune with the
values of understanding.
early adult sexual maturity
is ready to reproduce
decreases over age 35 years
Middle Adulthood
Middle age is seen as the age period
between 40 – 60 years
Mid-adult physical development
In general, there is physical decline,
often followed by a decline in memory.
physical changes
Weight gain.
Reduced hair and gray hair
changes to the skin
Changes in teeth
Changes in the eyes
Motor development of middle adults
reduced muscle mass
Joint problems
reduced bone density
Cognitive and psychosocial
development of middle adulthood
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
Cognitively, middle-aged people are in peak
condition.
a consistent decline in perceptual abilities
begins at age 25, and numerical abilities begin
to decline at age 40
peak performance in inductive reasoning,
spatial orientation, vocabulary, and verbal
memory occurs around mid-middle age.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Normative Stage--> adult concern for building
and raising the next generation, perpetuating
themselves through their influence on the next
generation.
Timing of Events: Social Hours -->children
leaving, becoming grandparents, changing jobs
or careers, and finally retiring.
Psychological Health and Positive Mental
Health -->Positive mental health contains a
feeling of psychological comfort which is closely
related to a feeling of a healthy self-existence
Mid-adult sexual maturity
menopause
andropause
Late adulthood
Late adulthood is also called the closing period
in a person's life span, where this period can be
said to be a period that moves far from the
previous life/time.
From a psychological perspective, old age or
the elderly have a lifespan of around 60 until
they die
Late adult physical
development
decreased memory (memory)
The decline in the ability to remember in the
elderly will decrease over time, the speed of
remembering an event is very slow, this is
the case
white hair, wrinkled skin
body posture --> slouching (osteoporosis)
joints --> cartilage dripping, calcification
Late adult motor
development
Sense of Vision (Eyes) --> Decreased vision will be
increasingly felt in the elderly, even before old
age or adulthood, quite a few people experience
nearsightedness or farsightedness.
Sense of Hearing (Ear) --> in late adulthood a
person will lose the ability to hear speech or
sounds clearly, because during this period the
growth of nerves and basal organs decreases, this
decrease results in the death of the cochlea which
is located in the ear.
Sense of Touch --> reduced skin sensitivity in the
elderly.
Cognitive and psychosocial
development in late adulthood
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT
intellectual decline --> senile dementia
PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
felt very lonely because his children had grown up and had
families.
religion is more dominant
preparation for death
denial (rejection that accepts the reality of what
happened)
angry
bargaining for additional time
Depression
finally reception
grief due to loss
late adult sexual maturity
menopause
andropause
Impaired adult growth and
development
cognitive impairment
physical impairment
a combination of both
cognitive impairment
anxiety disorders
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
depression
bipolar
eating disorders
Schizophrenia
suicide
physical disorders
Dwarfism --> Growth hormone deficiency (GHD),
Malnutrition, and genetic mutations
Turner Syndrome
Hypothyroidism
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Gigantism
Seckel Syndrome
Thank you
