PG-1 :: Complex Analysis

ez
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Question 1. Evaluate dz if C is:
2πi C z−2
a. the circle |z| = 3,
b. the circle |z| = 1.
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sin z
Question 2. Evaluate dz if C is the circle |z| = 5.
C z + π/2
e3z
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Question 3.Evaluate dz if C is:
C z − πi
a. the circle |z − 1| = 4,
b. the ellipse |z − 2| + |z + 2| = 6.
cos π 2
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Question 4. Evaluate dz around a rectangle with vertices at:
2πi C z 2 − 1
a. 2 ± i, −2 ± i,
b. −i, 2 − i, 2 + i, i.
ezt
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1
Question 5. Evaluate 2πi 2
dz = sin z if t > 0 and C is the circle |z| = 3.
C z +1
I iz
e
Question 6. Evaluate 3
dz, where C is the circle |z| = 2.
C z
Question 7. Suppose C is a simple closed curve enclosing z = a and f (z) is
analytic inside and on C. Prove that
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′′′ 3! f (z) dz
f (a) =
2πi C (z − a)4

Question 8.Prove Cauchy’s integral formulas for all positive integral values of
n.
Question 9. Given C is the circle |z| = 1. Find the value of
sin6 z
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a. dz,
C z − π/6

sin6 z
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b. 3
dz.
C (z − π/6)

ezt
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Question 10. Evaluate 2πi 2 2
dz = sin z when t > 0 and C is the circle
C (z + 1)
|z| = 3.
Question 11. Prove Cauchy’s integral formulas for the multiply-connected re-
gion.
Question 12.
1
2
Z z
a. Determine whether G(z) = dξ/ξ is independent of the path joining 1
1
and z.
b. Discuss the relationship of your answer to part (a) with Morera’s theorem.
.
Question 13. Does Morera’s theorem apply in a multiply-connected region?
Justify your answer.
Question 14.
a. Suppose P (x, y) and Q(x, y) are conjugate harmonic functions and C is
any simple closed curve. Prove that
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P dx + Qdy = 0.
C
H
b. Suppose for all simple closed curves C in a region R, C P dx + Qdy = 0.
Is it true that P and Q are conjugate harmonic functions, i.e., is the
converse of (a) true? Justify your conclusion.
Question 15.
a. Use Cauchy’s inequality to obtain estimates for the derivatives of sin z at
z = 0 and
b. determine how good these estimates are.
Question 16.
n! 1
a. Show that if f (z) = n+1
, then f (n) (z) = .
(1 − z) 1−z
b. Use (a) to show that the Cauchy inequality is “best possible”, i.e., the
estimate of growth of the nth derivative cannot be improved for all func-
tions.
Question 17. Prove that the equality in Cauchy’s inequality, holds in the case
n = m if and only if
kM (z − a)m
f (z) = , where |k| = 1.
rm

2
Question 18. Discuss Cauchy’s inequality for the function f (z) = e−1/z in the
neighborhood of z = 0.
Question 19. The function of a real variable defined by f (x) = sin x is (a)
analytic everywhere and (b) bounded, i.e., | sin x| ≤ 1 for all x, but it is certainly
not a constant.
Question 20. Suppose a > 0 and b > 0 are constants, and a non-constant
function F (z) is such that F (z + a) = F (z) and F (z + bi) = F (z). Prove that
F (z) cannot be analytic in the rectangle 0 ≤ x ≤ a, 0 ≤ y ≤ b.
Question 21.
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a. Carry out the details of proof of the fundamental theorem of algebra to

show that the particular function f (z) = z 4 − z 2 − 2z + 2 has exactly four
zeros.
b. Determine the zeros of f (z).
Question 22. Determine all the roots of the equations:
a. z 3 − 3z + 4i = 0
b. z 4 + z 2 = 1 = 0.
Question 23.Evalute:
Z 2π
1
sin2 π/6 + 2eiθ dθ .


2π 0
Question 24. Show that the mean value of any harmonic function over a circle
is equal to the value of the function at the center.
Question 25. Find the mean value of x2 − y 2 + 2y over the circle |z − 5 + 2i| = 3.
Rπ
Question 26. Prove that 0 ln sin θdθ = −π ln 2.
Question 27. Find the maximum of |f (z)| in |z| ≤ 1 for the functions f (z)
given by:
a. z 2 − 3z + 2
b. z 4 + z 2 + 1
c. cos 3z
d. (2z + 1)(2z − 1)
Question 28.
a. Let f (z) be analytic inside and on the simple closed curve C enclosing
z = a, prove that
{f (a)}n
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n 1
{f (a)} = dz, n = 0, 1, 2, ...
2πi C z − a
M n
b. Use (a) to prove that |f (n) (a)| ≤ 2πD where D is the minimum distance
from a to the curve C, and M is the maximum value of |f (z)| on C.
c. By taking the nth root of both sides of the inequality in (b) and letting
n → ∞, prove the maximum modulus theorem.
Question 29. Let U (x, y) be harmonic inside and on a simple closed curve C.
Prove that
a. maximum, and
b. minimum value of U (x, y) are attained on C.
Are there other restrictions on U (x, y)?
Question 30. Given C is the circle |z| = 1. Verify problem (29.) for the function
a. x2 − y 2
b. x3 − 3xy 2 .
Question 31. Is the maximum modulus theorem valid for multiply-connected
regions? Justify your answer.
4

f ′ (z)
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5 2
Question 32. Let f (z) = z − 3iz + 2z − 1 + i. Evaluate dz, where C
C f (z)
encloses all the zeros of f (z).
f ′ (z)
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(z 2 +1)2 1
Question 33. Let f (z) = (z 2 +2z+2)3
. Evaluate 2πi
dz, where C is the
C f (z)
circle |z| = 4.
f ′ (z)
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Question 34. Evaluate dz, if C is the circle |z| = π
C f (z)
a. f (z) = sin πz,
b. f (z) = cos πz,
c. f (z) = tan πz.

QuestionI 35. Let f (z) = z 4 − 2z 3 + z 2 − 12z + 20 and C is the circle |z| = 5.

zf ′ (z)
Evaluate dz.
C f (z)
Question 36. If a > e, prove that the equation az n = ez has n roots inside
|z| = 1.
Question 37. Prove that zez = a where a ̸= 0 is real has infinitely many roots.

Question 38. Prove that tan z = az, a > 0 has (a) infinitely many real roots,
(b) only two pure imaginary roots if 0 < a < 1, (c) all real roots if a ≥ 1.
Question 39. Prove that z tan z = a, a > 0 has infinitely many real roots but
no imaginary roots.
Question 40. For each of the following functions, determine the poles and the
residues at the poles:
2z + 1
a. ,
z2
 −z− 22
z+1
b. ,
z−1
sin z
c. ,
z2
d. sec hz,
e. cot z.
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cosh z
Question 41. Prove that dz = πi if Cis square with vertices at ±2 ± 2i.
C z3
csc z csc hz
Question 42.Show that the residue of at z = 0 is −1/60.
z3
ez
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Question 43. Evaluate around the circle C is defined by |z| = 5.
C cosh z
z2 + 4
Question 44. Find the zeros and poles of f (z) = 3 and determine
z + 2z 2 + 2z
the residues at the poles.
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Question 45. Evaluate e−1/z sin(1/z)dz, where C is the circle |z| = 1.
C
Question
I 46. Let C be a square bounded bt x = ±2, y = ±2. Evaluate
sinh 3z
3
dz.
C (z − iπ/4)
2z 2 + 5
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Question 47. Evaluate 3 2 2
dz where C is
C (z + 2) (z + 4)z

a. |z − 2i| = 6
b. the square with vertices at 1 + i, 2 + i, 2 + 2i, 1 + 2i.
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2 + 3 sin πz
Question 48. Evaluate 2
dz, where C is square having verices 3 +
C (z − 1) z
3i, 3 − 3i, −3 + 3i, −3 − 3i.
ezt
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Question 49. Evaluate dz, t > 0 around the square having
2πi C (z 2 + 1)z
vertices 2 + 2i, −2 + 2i, −2 − 2i, 2 − 2i.
Z ∞
dx π
Question 50. Prove that 4
= √ .
0 x +1 2 2
Z 2π
cos 3θ
Question 51. Evaluate dθ.
0 5 + 4 cos θ
Z ∞
dx
Question 52. Evaluate .
0 (x + 1)(x2 + 4)2
2
Z 2π
cos2 3θ
Question 53. Prove that dθ=3π/8.
0 5 − 4 cos 2θ
Z 2π
cos 3θ
Question 54. Evaluate dθ.
0 5 − 3 cos θ
Z ∞
cos mx πe−m (1 + m)
Question 55. Prove that if m > 0, = .
0 (x2 + 1)2 4
Question 56.
eiz
a. Find the residue of f (z) = 2 5
at z = i,
Z ∞ (z + 1)
cos x
b. Evaluate .
0 (x2 + 1)5
Z 2π
2 2 2 dθ
Question 57. Given that a > b + c . Prove that =
0 a + b cos θ + c sin θ
2π
√ .
a − b2 − c 2
2
Z 2π
cos 3θ 135π
Question 58. Prove that 4
dθ = .
0 (5 − 3 cos θ) 16354
Z ∞
dx
Question 59. Evaluate .
−∞ (x + 4x + 5)2
2
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Z ∞
dx
Question 60. Evaluate .
0 (x4
+ x2 + 1)
Z ∞
sin2 x
Question 61. Prove that dx = π/2.
0 x2
Z ∞
cos 2πx −π −π/√3
Question 62. Evaluate dx = √ e .
0 x4 + x2 + 1 2 3
Question 63. Prove that Cauchy’s theorem and integral formulas can be ob-
tained as special cases of the residue theorem.
Question 64. Prove that the sum of the residues of the function f (z) =
2z 5 − 4z 2 + 5
at all the poles is 2/3.
3z 6 − 8z + 10
Z 2π
Question 65. Let n be a positive integer. Prove that ecos θ cos(nθ −
0
sin θ)dθ = 2π/n!.
Question 66. Show that
Z 2π
a. cos(cos θ) cosh(sin θ)dθ = 2π,
0
Z 2π
b. ecos θ cos(sin θ) cos θdθ = π.
0
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Question 67. Evaluate z 3 e1/z dz around the circle C with equation |z−1| = 4.
C

Question 68. Prove that under suitably stated conditions on the function:
Z 2π
a. f (eiθ )dθ = 2πf (0),
0
Z 2π
b. f (eiθ ) cos θdθ = −πf ′ (0).
0
Z ∞
sin ax 1 a 1
Question 69. Prove that dx = coth − .
0 e2πx −1 4 2 2a
a+i∞
ezt
Z
Question 70. Given a, p, and t are positive constants. Prove that dz =
a−i∞ z 2 + p2
sin pt
.
p
Z ∞
ln x π ln a
Question 71. Prove that dx = .
0 x 2 + a2 2a
Z ∞
sinh ax sin a
Question 72. Suppose −π < a < π. Prove that eiλx dx = .
−∞ sinh πx cos a + cosh λ
Z ∞
dx ln 2
Question 73. Prove that 2 2
= .
0 (4x + π ) cosh x 2π
Question 74. Prove that
 7

∞
√
−π 2 2
Z
ln x
a. dx = ,
0 x4 + 1 16
Z ∞ √
(ln x)2 3π 2 2
b. dx = .
0 x4 + 1 64
Z ∞
ln x
Question 75. Evaluate .
0 (x + 1)2
2
Z ∞
sinh ax
Question 76. Prove that if |a| < 1 and b > 0, cos bx dx =
  0 sinh x
π sin aπ
.
2 cos aπ + cosh bπ
Z ∞
cos px π
Question 77. Prove that if −1 < p < 1, dx = .
0 cosh x 2 cosh(pπ/2)
Z ∞
ln(1 + x) π ln 2
Question 78. Prove that dx = .
0 1 + x2 2
Question 79. Suppose α > 0 and −π/2 < β < π/2. Prove that
Z ∞
2 1p
a. e−αx cos β cos(αx2 sin β)dx = π/α cos(β/2),
0 2
Z ∞
2 1p
b. e−αx cos β sin(αx2 sin β)dx = π/α sin(β/2).
0 2
Question 80. Prove that csc2 z = ∞ 1
P
−∞ (z−nπ)2 .

Question 81. Suppose that a and p are real and such that 0 < |p| < 1 and
0 < |α| < z. Prove that
Z ∞
x−p
  
π sin pα
= .
0 x2 + 2x cos α + 1 sin pπ sin α
Z 1
dx 2π
Question 82. Prove =√ .
0 −x )(x2
3 1/3
3
Question 83. Prove the residue theorem for multiply-connected regions.
Question 84. Find sufficient conditions under which the residue theorem is
valid if C encloses infinitely many isolated singularities.
Question 85. Let C be a circle with equation |z| = 4. Determine the value of
the integral
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1
z 2 csc dz
C z
if it exists.
Question 86. Give an analytical proof that sin θ ≥ 2θ/π for 0 ≤ θ ≤ π/2.
Z ∞
x 1
Question 87. Prove that dx = .
0 sinh πx 4