LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
How will you maintain safety of the ship’s crew and passengers
As chief officer my role in maintaining safety of ship’s crew is crucial in
delivering these results.
In order to discharge my duty towards safety of ship, crew, environment and
property I will care for the hardware ( ship ) and care for the software (
passengers and crew ) of my vessel and this will involve Manage caring for all
dimensions that contribute to safe operation of a ship and not limited to
following :
Navigation safety
Cargo handling and stowage safety, dangerous goods
Mooring safety
Engine Room safety
Catering safety
Rest hours Management
Respond to emergencies
Familiarization of new joiners
Drills and training
Weather Protection
Planned Maintenance of ship
Ship Security plan
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
How will you maintain the operational condition of life-saving
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
What is LSA Code
The safety of passengers and crew on ships is of paramount importance while
ships are conducting their commercial activities. Therefore, ships must carry
appropriate life-saving appliances, including lifeboats, lifebuoys, life-jackets,
liferafts and many others to be used by passengers and crew in case of
emergency to protect their lives at sea.
The carriage of life-saving appliances are made mandatory as per the SOLAS
Convention. The International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code provides more
specific technical requirements for the manufacturing, testing, maintenance and
record keeping of life-saving appliances.
The number, capacity and type of life-saving appliances differ from ship to ship
depending on its size, shipping activity and voyage, and the LSA Code stipulates
minimum requirements to comply in order to make a ship safe for its passengers
and crew.
International requirements contained in the IMO instruments for the life-saving
appliances cover personal life-saving appliances such as lifebuoys, lifejackets,
immersion suits, anti-exposure suits and thermal protective aids; visual aids,
such as parachute flares, hand flares and buoyant smoke signals; survival craft,
such as liferafts and lifeboats; rescue boats; launching and embarkation
appliances and marine evacuation systems line throwing appliances; and
general alarm and public address systems.
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
Explain Purpose and Objectives of LSA Code
The purpose of this Code is to provide international standards for life-saving appliances required by
chapter III of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974.
LSA code provides Definitions such as :
Convention means,
Effective clearing of the ship
Free-fall acceleration
Free-fall certification height
Launching ramp angle
Launching ramp length
Regulation means
Required free-fall height
Retro-reflective material
Water-entry angle Etc
LSA code lists General requirements for life-saving appliances
LSA code lists
CHAPTER II - PERSONAL LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
2.1 Lifebuoys
2.2 Lifejackets
2.3 Immersion suits
2.4 Anti-exposure suits
2.5 Thermal protective aids
CHAPTER III - VISUAL SIGNALS
3.1 Rocket parachute flares
3.2 Hand flares
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
3.3 Buoyant smoke signals
CHAPTER IV - SURVIVAL CRAFT
4.1 General requirements for liferafts
4.2 Inflatable liferafts
4.3 Rigid liferafts
4.4 General requirements for lifeboats
4.5 Partially enclosed lifeboats
4.6 Totally enclosed lifeboats
4.7 Free-fall lifeboats
4.8 Lifeboats with a self-contained air support system
4.9 Fire-protected lifeboats
CHAPTER V - RESCUE BOATS
5.1 Rescue boats
CHAPTER VI - LAUNCHING AND EMBARKATION APPLIANCES
6.1 Launching and embarkation appliances
6.2 Marine evacuation systems
CHAPTER VII - OTHER LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES
7.1 Line-throwing appliances
7.2 General alarm and public address system
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
Explain LSA requirements as per SOLAS
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
Organisation of fire and abandon ship drills
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
Explain How to draw a muster list and emergency instructions for a given
crew and type of vessel
Explain How to assign duties
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
Explain Division of crew into command, emergency and backup teams
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
Explain How drills and practices should be organized keeping fatigue factor in
consideration.
LSA CODE SOLAS CHAPTER III - MODEL ANSWERS
Capt Sushil Bhan FOSMA
Explain Importance of debriefings after a drill
Explain Importance of steps to be taken to follow up conclusions of any drill
After completing the drill, the safety officer should debrief the crew referring to
all stages of execution.
Special care should be made to the appropriate use of personal equipment and
the procedure of lowering and deploying abandon ship means (boats or rafts).
All used material or equipment should be returned to the appropriate
position/condition as before the drill. Brief questions may be used to check
crew’s knowledge or lessons learned from the drill.
Each stage of a drill can be analysed during debrief and this will provide an
excellent learning opportunity and a means for continual improvement.
STCW Code Table A-VI/2-1
Specification of the minimum standard of competence in survival craft
and rescue boats other than fast rescue boats
Ref: https://www.edumaritime.net/stcw-code
Source: IMO
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Competence Knowledge, Methods for demonstrating Criteria for
understanding and competence evaluating competence
proficiency
Take charge of a Construction and outfit Assessment of evidence Preparation, boarding
survival craft or of survival craft and obtained from practical and launching of survival
rescue boat during rescue boats and demonstration of ability to: craft are within
and after launch individual items of their equipment limitations
equipment .1 right an inverted liferaft and enable survival craft
while wearing a to clear the ship safely
Particular characteristics lifejacket
and facilities of survival Initial actions on leaving
craft and rescue boats .2 interpret the markings on the ship minimize threat
survival craft as to the to survival
Various types of device number of persons they
used for launching are intended to carry Recovery of survival
survival craft and rescue craft and rescue boats is
boats .3 give correct commands within equipment
for launching and limitations
Methods of launching boarding survival craft,
survival craft into a clearing the ship and Equipment is operated in
rough sea handling and accordance with
disembarking persons manufacturers’
Methods of recovering from survival craft instructions for release
survival craft and resetting
.4 prepare and safely launch
Action to be taken after survival craft and clear
leaving the ship the ship’s side quickly
and operate off-load and
Methods of launching on-load release devices
and recovering rescue
boats in a rough sea .5 safely recover survival
craft and rescue boats,
Dangers associated with including the proper
use of on-load release resetting of both off-load
devices and on-load release
devices
Knowledge of
maintenance procedures using: inflatable liferaft and
open or enclosed lifeboat
with inboard engine or
approved simulator training,
where appropriate
Operate a survival Methods of starting and Assessment of evidence Propulsion is available
craft engine operating a survival craft obtained from practical and maintained as
engine and its demonstration of ability to required for
accessories together with start and operate an inboard manoeuvring
the use of the fire engine fitted in an open or
extinguisher provided enclosed lifeboat
-2- Table A-VI/2-1
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Competence Knowledge, Methods for demonstrating Criteria for
understanding and competence evaluating competence
proficiency
Manage survivors Handling survival craft Assessment of evidence Survival management is
and survival craft in rough weather obtained from practical appropriate to prevailing
after abandoning ship demonstration of ability to: circumstances and
Use of painter, conditions
sea-anchor and all other .1 row and steer a boat and
equipment steer by compass
Apportionment of food .2 use individual items of
and water in survival equipment of survival
craft craft
Action taken to .3 rig devices to aid
maximize detectability location
and location of survival
craft
Method of helicopter
rescue
Effects of hypothermia
and its prevention; use of
protective covers and
garments, including
immersion suits and
thermal protective aids
Use of rescue boats and
motor lifeboats for
marshalling liferafts and
rescue of survivors and
persons in the sea
Beaching survival craft
Use locating devices, Radio life-saving Assessment of evidence Use and choice of
including appliances carried in obtained from practical communication and
communication and survival craft, including demonstration of ability to: signalling apparatus is
signalling apparatus satellite EPIRBs and appropriate to prevailing
and pyrotechnics SARTs .1 use portable radio circumstances and
equipment for survival conditions
Pyrotechnic distress craft
signals
.2 use signalling
equipment, including
pyrotechnics
Table A-VI/2-1 - 3-
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4
Competence Knowledge, Methods for demonstrating Criteria for
understanding and competence evaluating competence
proficiency
Apply first aid to Use of the first-aid kit Assessment of evidence Identification of the
survivors and resuscitation obtained from practical probable cause, nature
techniques demonstration of ability to and extent of injuries or
deal with injured persons condition is prompt and
Management of injured both during and after accurate
persons, including abandonment, using first-aid
control of bleeding and kit and resuscitation Priority and sequence of
shock techniques treatment minimizes any
threat to life