Sensory nerves of face:
All the face is supplied by trigeminal nerve except small area at
angle of mandible and parotid supplied by (great auricular nerve)
C2&3.
1- Branches of ophthalmic nerve:
a- Supratrochlear nerve: to skin of upper eye lid and forehead.
b- Supraorbital nerve: to skin of upper eyelid and forehead.
C- lacrimal nerve: to skin of lateral part of the 2 eyelids
d- Infratrochlear nerve: to skin of medial part of upper eye lid .
e- External nasal nerve: to Skin of lower part of dorsum of nose
down to its tip
2-Branches of maxillary nerve:
1- Infraorbital nerve: to skin of lower eye lid , side of nose, skin of upper lip
2- Zygomatico-facial nerve: skin over (zygomatic bone).
3- Zygomatico-temporal nerve: skin of temple (temporal region).
3-Branches of mandibular nerve:
1- Mental nerve: to skin of lower lip & chin
2- Buccal nerve: to skin of check
3- Auriculotemporal nerve: skin of temporal region.
VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE FACE
THE FACIAL VEIN is formed at the medial angle of the eye
by the union of the SUPRAORBITAL & SUPRATROCHLEAR veins.
It is connected to the SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC V. directly through SUPRA-ORBITAI V.
By means of the SUPERIOR OPHTHALMIC V., Facial v. is connected to CAVERNOUS SINUS,
this connection is of great clinical importance because it provides a pathway for the
spread of infection from the face to the CAVERNOUS SINUS
Dangerous area of the face
Connection:
At medial angle of eye, the superior
ophthalmic vein connects facial vein
through supraorbital vein to the
ophthalmic vein connects facial vein
then to cavernous sinus; this
connection allows spreading of
infection to cavernous sinus.
N.B: Dangerous area of facial skin
bounded by the nose, the eye, and
the upper lip is a potentially
dangerous zone in which to have an
infection.
Orbicularis Oculi
3 parts:
1- Orbital part
2- Palpebral part
3- Lacrimal part
• Orbital part:
Origin: medial palpebral ligament; the fibers form complete loop and return
to the same point of origin (medial palpebral ligament).
Action: close the eye forcibly.
• Palpebral part: within the eyelids.
Origin: medial palpebral ligament.
Insertion: Into lateral palpebral ligament.
Action: gentle closure of eye as in blinking and sleep.
• Lacrimal part:
Origin: lacrimal crest & lacrimal fascia (around lacrimal sac).
Insertion: upper and lower eyelids.
Action: assist lacrimal drainage (by dilatation of lacrimal sac).
• Nerve supply: Facial nerve (temporal branch to upper part & zygomatic
branch to lower part)
•
Buccinator muscle
Buccinator Muscle (Muscle of cheek)
Origin: outer surface of the alveolar margins
of maxilla & mandible
opposite molar teeth & pterygomandibular
raphe.
Insertion: into lips
Upper fibers to upper lip.
Lower fibers to lower lip.
Middle fibers decussate (at angle of mouth).
Action: Compresses cheeks against teeth &
gums, this action prevents accumulation of
food in vestibule of mouth.
Suckling
Nerve supply: Buccal branch of facial nerve.
Orbicularis Oris
(sphincter of mouth)
- Origin: Maxilla, mandible and
skin.
- Insertion: Encircle oral
opening.
- Nerve supply: Facial nerve
(Buccal branch to upper lip &
Mandibular branch to lower
lip)
Action: It
approximates
the two lips
together closing
the mouth
opening (oral
fissure); It is
involved in
speech,kissing &
whistling.
Nerve supply of facial muscles
Facial nerve in face (Extra-
cranial Course):
It is motor nerve of the muscles of the
face; it leaves the skull through the
stylomastoid foramen, pierces the parotid
gland and ends in the parotid gland by
giving five terminal branches.
Branches:
A) Branches before piercing the parotid
gland:
1-Posterior auricular nerve to the occipital
belly of occipito-frontalis muscle and
auricularis posterior muscle.
2- Nerve to posterior belly of digastric &
B) Terminal branches within the substance
of the parotid gland:
1- Temporal branch: to supply upper part of
orbicularis oculi muscle.
2- Zygomatic branch: to supply lower part of
orbicularis oculi muscle.
3- Buccal branch: supply buccinator and
orbicularis Oris muscles.
4- Marginal mandibular branch: supply
muscles of lower lip and chin.
5- Cervical branch: supply the platysma
