Inturi Suparna Babu

Inturi Suparna Babu

1. What are the different modes of Data Gathering?

There are 3 types of modes in Data gathering into power BI. Those are Import Mode, Direct Query
Mode & Composite mode.

2. Diff between Merge & Append Queries?

Append query means combining rows from two or more tables one after another. Structure of the
columns of those tables should be same. (Append is similar to Unionall in SQL Queries). Append
quires will not remove duplicates.

Merge query means combining data from two or more tables based on matching rows. Some key
column should be there in between tables. (Merge is similar to Joins in SQL Queries)

3. Any prerequisite reqd for Appending 2 tables? Explain abt the diff methods to Merge Queries.?

Yes, one prerequisite required for appending two table, that is structure of the columns of those
table should be match. If one of the appended tables doesn't have a column header from other
tables, the resulting table shows null values in the respective column.

Now coming to different methods of Merge quires, There are 6 types of join kinds in power query.

❖ Left outer (All rows from the left table matching rows from right table)

❖ Right outer (All rows from the Right table matching rows from left table)

❖ Full outer (All rows from the both Tables)

❖ Inner (Only matching rows from both tables)

❖ Left Anti (Only rows from the left table)

❖ Right Anti (Only rows from the right table)

4. What all role have u handled in Power BI Service?

I have handled Contributor & Member roles handled in Power BI Services.

Power BI Interview Questions – Inturi Suparna Babu

 Inturi Suparna Babu

5. What is RLS? How many types and how to implement?

RLS Stands for Row-Level security. Row-level security (RLS) with Power BI can be used to restrict
data access for given users. There are 2 types of Row-level security, one is Static RLS & another
one is Dynamic RLS.
In order to implement the RLS in PBI Desktop, navigate to the Modelling tab on the top, and select
Manage roles. In the Manage roles dialog box that appears, click on Create. Once you click on
Create , you’ll have a list of tables from the data model from which you can select a filter to apply
Row-level security(RLS) . I will select some table & I will expand that table & select ADD Filter and
then I will select a column from that table. Then I will change the value in expression. Now I will
publish the same report into Power BI Services.
Then I will open the Published report in Power BI services, next in order to implement the RLS,
navigate to Dataset and then click on option button for the report of data set just you have
published. Select Security from dropdown menu. The RLS page opens , you can see what are the
roles we defined in the PBI Desktop are present. The you will be add that particular Users email id’s
to that defined roles.

6. How to schedule Refreshes?

In order to Schedule Refreshes, login to PBI services then, navigate to Dataset and then click on option
button for the report of data set just you have published. Select Settings from dropdown menu. Then
configure a Gateway connection from local machine to Cloud. After mapping the data set to Gateway
connection. Then click on Schedule Refresh after this we will schedule a refresh as per requirement. In
Pro license we are able to setup only 8 Refreshes/day. Where as Premium license we are able to setup
48 refreshes per day.

7. What are the advantages of using VAR? Write a sample DAX fn using VAR?
Using variables in your DAX formulas can help you write more complex and efficient calculations.
Variables can improve performance, reliability, readability, and reduce complexity.

CODE:

8. Have u heard of Performance Analyzer? What is it used for?

In Power BI Desktop, Performance Analyzer is the best way to review and evaluate each of your report
elements, such as visuals and DAX formulas, are performing.
It helps us in understanding how the performance of the visuals can be optimized. Performance analyzer
collects and displays the performance information of each visuals or DAX formula in real time.

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 Inturi Suparna Babu

9. How to optimize Report Performance?

- Limit the number of visuals in dashboards and reports
- Apply the most restrictive filters
- Evaluate custom visual performance
- Use preview feature of hierarchy slicers instead of custom visual
- Use different Power BI gateways for Live Connection and Scheduled Data Refresh
- Ensure that the Power BI report and the data source are in the same region
- Import only necessary fields and tables instead of entire datasets
- Instead of starting with an empty .PBIX, consider using templates (.PBIT files) to speed up and
standardize report development
- Avoid scrolls within the visual and on page
- Use drill-through/Drill-down buttons to generate an intuitive user experience

11. I have a Year Slicer. Once a year is selected, then that year sales need to be shown in one Card, prev
year sales in 2nd Card and 2 yrs back Sales in 3rd Card. Which DAX to be used and How to achieve?

DATEADD Function will be used to achieve this requirement. First step is we have to create a
Datemaster, then mark this datemaster table as “mark as a date table”. We will write dax function like this

CALCULATE([TOTALSALES],DATEADD([DATEMASTERDATE],-1,YEAR)) for last year sales

CALCULATE([TOTALSALES],DATEADD([DATEMASTERDATE],-2,YEAR)) For last 2 year back sales

12. Diff between ALL(), ALLSELECTED(). Where is it used?

ALL function will calculate All Values of selected data independent of filters. Whereas ALLSELECTED function
will calculate All Values of Selected data. If Any external filter that applied will be excluded from it. For
example ALL function is used for YoY,MoM Growth percentage , ALLSELECTED function is used for YoY,MoM
Growth percentage WRT to external filters.

13. Where is the fn FILTER() used? How is it diff from ALL(). Write a sample DAX using FILTER()?

You can use FILTER fn to reduce the number of rows in the table that you are working with, and use only
specific data in calculations. FILTER is not used independently, It can be used with any other functions like
CALCULATE.

While coming to How is it diff from ALL, ALL will returns all the values in column/table , it ignoring external
filters. But, FILTER will not ignore external filters.

CALCULATE([SALES],FILTER([TABLENAME],[REGION]=”SOUTH”))

14. I have two columns, Ticket date and Ticket Resolution date. How to find the duration of resolution? In
case the Ticket Resolution contains Null Values, the duration should be based on days taken till date?

By using DATEDIFF function we will find duration. In case of NULL values………….

Dur diff = DATEDIFF('Table'[Ticket date ],'Table'[Ticket Resolution date],DAY)

15. Write a sample DAX using DATEADD

CALCULATE([TOTALSALES],DATEADD([DATEMASTERDATE],-1,YEAR))

Power BI Interview Questions – Inturi Suparna Babu

 Inturi Suparna Babu

16. What are Dataflows? Have u configured them?

Dataflows are a self-service, cloud-based, data preparation technology. Dataflows enable customers to
ingest, transform, and load data into Microsoft Dataverse environments, Power BI workspaces, or your
organization's Azure Data Lake Storage account. Dataflows are authored by using Power Query, a unified
data connectivity and preparation experience already featured in many Microsoft products, including Excel
and Power BI. Customers can trigger dataflows to run either on demand or automatically on a schedule; data
is always kept up to date.

17. What are the different types of Filters?

- Visual level filter

- Page level filter
- Report level filter
- Drill through filter
- Slicer Filter
- Cross filtering
- Top N filters
- Relative Date filter
- Advance filter
18. What are the Relationships in Data Modelling?
Relationships are a fundamental part of data modelling in Power BI. They allow you to connect
different tables in your data model and create meaningful insights. While loading the data power bi
will automatically detect the relationship. If it is not done we will create manual relationship by
identifying the common column b/w 2 tables.

What is cardinality in power bi?

Cardinality in Power BI refers to the relationship between two tables in a data model. Specifically, it
describes how many unique values from one table match the values in another table.
There are four types of cardinalities in Power BI.
- One (1) to Many (*) cardinalities.
- Many (*) to One (1) cardinality
- One (1) to One (1) cardinality.
- Many (*) to Many (*) cardinalities.
19. Have you used Sync slicers?
Yes. Slicers are a useful way to filter information and focus on a specific portion of the dataset. They
allow you to select exactly which values to display in your Power BI visual.

20. How to use Drill through Feature?

Drill-through is a feature that allows you to navigate to different report pages within a report. It
helps you break down summary data into actual figures so that you can get a detailed view of
summary data

Power BI Interview Questions – Inturi Suparna Babu

 Inturi Suparna Babu

21. What is meant by Deployment Pipelines?

The deployment process lets you clone content from one stage in the deployment pipeline to
another, typically from development to test, and from test to production. Deployment pipelines in
Power BI are a way to develop and test Power BI content in the Power BI service before it is
consumed by users.

22. Diff between OLAP & OLTP

OLAP stands for Online Analytical processing OLAP handles large volume of data with complex
queires, OLAP response time will take minutes or hours or days depends on the amount of data
process example for OLAP is product add to any ecommerce website. Whereas OLTP stands for
Online Transactional processing, It handles a large number of small transctions. OLAP response time
will take millisceconds, OLTP example is bank transctions.
23. What are Stored Procedures? Can u write a sample query?

24. I hv a table with EmpNo, EmpName, ManagerNo and as Columns. I hv two records. (1,ABC,2) &
(2,DEF,3)2nd record is the Manager details of the 1st record. Write a query to get the EmpName and
ManagerName?
SELECT A.EMPNAME AS EMP_NAME ,B.EMPNAME AS MANGER_NAME FROM EMP_TB A LEFT JOIN
EM_TB B ON A.MANAGERNO=B.EMPNO;

25. Write a Subquery to find the 2nd largest mark from StudentTable?
SELECT*FROM
(SELECT *, DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY MARKS DESC) AS RNK FROM STUDENT_TB ) A
WHERE RNK=2;

26. Diff between Union & UnionAll?

BOTH UNION AND UNION ALL PERFORMING SAME OPERTAION OF COMBINING TABLE ROW BY
ROW.UNIONALL COMBINES ALL ROWS INCLUDING DUPLICATES.UNION WILL EXCLUDE
DUPLICATES(DISTINCT OPERATION WILL BE PERFORMED).UNIONALL PERFORMAS FASTER THAN
UNION(AS UNION OPERATION REQUIRES EXTRA FUNCTANALITY OF REMOVING DUPLICATES)

27. Diff between Calendar() & Calendar auto()

In DAX, Calendar() is a function that returns a table with one column named Date that contains a
contiguous set of dates. The range of dates is specified by the start date and end date arguments.
On the other hand, CALENDARAUTO() is a predefined function that is used to auto-generate
calendar dates range based on the date field in the current model. It returns a table with one column
named Date that contains a contiguous set of dates. The range of dates is calculated automatically
based on data in the model.
28. What is Star Schema?
In Power BI, a star schema is the simplest of the data models used in many data warehouses
today. In its basic form, it consists of a fact table at the center surrounded by dimension tables.

Power BI Interview Questions – Inturi Suparna Babu

 Inturi Suparna Babu

29. What are Fact and Dim tables in SQL?

In SQL, a fact table contains the measurements or metrics of a business process while dimension
tables contain attributes related to the fact table. A fact table comprises fewer attributes and more
records whereas the dimension table comprises lesser records and more attributes. The fact table
grows vertically while the dimension table grows horizontally. Fact tables contain a concatenated
key while the dimension table contains a primary key12.
A fact table contains the measures of a business process such as sales revenue, quantity sold or
profit. It is called a fact table because it contains facts or measurements. A dimension table contains
dimensions along which the values of the attributes are taken in the fact table. Dimension tables are
small in size, containing only several thousand rows but their size can be increased
occasionally. These tables are associated with a fact table through foreign keys1
30. What all services have u used from Power BI Service?
I have used to quick insight tiles,create app, subscription to emails, setting alerts for values change
etc.
31. What is the use of Key Influencers?
Key Influencers is Power BI’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered visualization. With Key
Influencers now business users can gain insights. Key Influencers is Power BI’s first Artificial
Intelligence (AI) powered visualization. With Key Influencers now business users can gain insights
32. What is Pivot Table in Excel?
A PivotTable is a powerful tool to calculate, summarize, and analyze data that lets you see
comparisons, patterns, and trends in your data. It provides an interactive way for you to arrange,
group, calculate, and analyze data. You can manipulate the same data several different ways to view
exactly what you need.

33. What is V-LOOKUP in Excel?

VLOOKUP is a function in Microsoft Excel that allows you to search for a specific value in a column of
data inside an Excel worksheet and return a corresponding value from another column in the same
row. It stands for Vertical Lookup.
34. HOW TO MANAGE/FIND/DELETE THE DUPLICATE DATA IN MS EXCEL?
IN EXCEL WORKBOOK NAVIGATE TO DATA OPTIONS.THEN SELECT CELL/TABLE YOU WANT TO FIND
MANAGE DUPLICATES.THEN CLICK ON ADVANCED OPTION UNDER SORT&FILTER. THEN CHECK
UNIQUE RECORDS AND CLICK OK.
IN EXCEL WORKBOOK NAVIGATE TO DATA OPTIONS. THEN SELECT CELL/TABLE YOU WANT TO
DELETE DUPLICATES.NOW CLICK ON REMOVE DUPLICATES OPTION UNDER DATATOOLS
OPTION.THEN SELECT WHICH COLUMN U WANT TO REMOVE DUPLICATES THEN CLICK OK.

35. WHAT ARE THE DATATYPES ARE THERE IN PBI DESKTOP?

Power BI Desktop supports several data types.
Decimal Number, Fixed Decimal Number, Whole Number, Percentage.
Date/time, Date, Time, Date/Time/Timezone, Duration.
Text, True/False, Binary.

Power BI Interview Questions – Inturi Suparna Babu

 Inturi Suparna Babu

36. WHAT ARE THE DATACATEGORIES IN POWER BI DESKTOP?

Power BI Desktop have several data categories.
Address, Place, City, Country, State or Provenance, Postal Code, Country, Continent, Latitude,
Longitude.
37. TELL ME 5 FILTER FUNCTIONS?
ALL, ALLSELECT, ALLEXCEPT, FILTER, CALCULATE, ETC…
38. TELL ME 5 TIMEINTELLIGENCE FUNCTIONS?
PARALLELPERIOD, SAMEPERIODLASTYEAR, DATESYTD, DATEADD, TOTALYTD ETC.,
39. What is an on-premises data gateway?
The on-premises data gateway acts as a bridge to provide quick and secure data transfer
between on-premises data (data that isn't in the cloud) and several Microsoft cloud services.
These cloud services include Power BI, PowerApps, Power Automate, Azure Analysis Services,
and Azure Logic Apps. By using a gateway, organizations can keep databases and other data
sources on their on-premises networks, yet securely use that on-premises data in cloud
services.
There 2 types of Data gateways are there.
1) Standard gateway-(Allows multiple users to connect to data sources and can be
shared with others.)
2) Personal gateway -(Allows one user to connect to data sources and can’t be shared
with others.)

40. WHAT TYPE DATA SORUCES CONNECT WITH LIVE CONNECTION?

Live connection is a method that lets you build a report in Power BI Desktop without having
to build a dataset for it.

Using live connection you can connect your report to one of the following data sources:

• A dataset that already exists in Power BI service

• An Azure Analysis Services (AAS) database
• An on-premises instance of SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS)

41. WHY WE WILL USE DIRECT QUERY MODE?

Some benefits of using DirectQuery include:
1) DirectQuery lets you build visualizations over very large datasets, where it would be
unfeasible to import all the data with pre-aggregation.
2) DirectQuery reports always use current data. Seeing underlying data changes requires
you to refresh the data, and reimporting large datasets to refresh data could be
unfeasible.
3) The 1-GB dataset limitation doesn't apply with DirectQuery.

42. WHAT KIND OF DATA SERVICE CONNECT WITH DIRECT QUERY MODE?

With DirectQuery for Power BI datasets and Analysis Services, you can use DirectQuery to
connect to Power BI datasets, Azure Analysis Services (AAS), and SQL Server

Power BI Interview Questions – Inturi Suparna Babu

 Inturi Suparna Babu

43. What's the difference between *Grouping* and *Binning* in Power BI?

In Power BI, Grouping and Binning are two different ways of aggregating data.
Grouping function provides the ability to hand pick which values go into which group, whereas
the bin function requires you to pick the group size and then Power BI allocates each data
point to a bin automatically. However, binning only works with numeric or date data types.
Grouping and binning enhance the visual appeal of Power Bi. this functionality allows
you to allocate data values to specific groups for more distinct reporting.

Power BI Interview Questions – Inturi Suparna Babu

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Inturi Suparna Babu