Lesson 1

Creating a Conceptual
Framework and Defining Terms

Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
 ● Construct a conceptual
Learning framework based on a research
Objectives topic of interest.

At the end of the ● Apply the appropriate

lesson, you should
be able to do the definition for terms used in the
following: study.

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 Conceptual Framework

Conceptual framework offers an illustration

of how the entire research process will be
explored, and explains the relationships of
the concepts in the study.

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 ● guides the researchers to
construct the study according
Significance to their perspective
of the
Conceptual
Framework ● highlights the significance of
the study

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 Research Frameworks

Theoretical framework refers to the theory

where the researcher based their study.

Conceptual framework is the synthesized

ideas and concepts from different related
sources.
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 1. Finalize the research topic.
How to 2. Conduct a literature review.
construct a 3. Decide which variables are
conceptual to be investigated.
framework 4. construct the conceptual
framework

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Example

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Example

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Defining
Terms

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 Definition of Terms

Defining terms is necessary to establish

boundaries on how certain terms will be used
in the study.

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 Conceptual definitions are the
theoretical or abstract meaning
Conceptual of a concept.
and
Operational
Definitions Operational definitions refer to
how a variable was used or
measured in the study.

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Example of a Conceptual Definition

Profit is the difference between the amount

earned and the amount spent in buying,
operating, or producing something.

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Example of an Operational Definition

Profit refers to the amount earned in selling

garments for the month of January.

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Example of a Conceptual Definition

Self-esteem is the degree of one’s own worth

and respect.

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Example of an Operational Definition

Self-esteem refers to the score gained in the

Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).

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Example of a Conceptual Definition

Current refers to the movement of electricity

in a particular direction.

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Example of an Operational Definition

Current is the rate at which an electric charge

flows measured in Amperes.

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Practice

Develop a conceptual framework for the given

variables below. Then, define the terms using
conceptual and operational definitions:
● online learning
● classroom learning
● academic performance of students

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 Quick Check

Why is it necessary to conduct first a literature

review before constructing the conceptual
framework?

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 Quick Check

Which is more important, the theoretical

framework or the conceptual framework?
Why?

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 Quick Check

A. Pollution refers to the amount of carbon

dioxide emission in Metro Manila.

B. Pollution is a substance that has harmful

or poisonous effects in the environment.

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 Wrap Up

The conceptual framework integrates

concepts and ideas gathered from
different sources.

The theoretical framework of a study

refers to the existing theory where the
researchers based their study.
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 Wrap Up
Both the conceptual and theoretical
framework give direction to the study by
emphasizing the main constructs and
concepts in a research study.

The two types of definitions used in a

study are the conceptual definition and
operational definition.
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Wrap Up

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Unit 3: Constructing a Research Framework

Lesson 3
Setting the Scope of Quantitative
Research

Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
What are your
study’s
limitations?

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Learning ● Identify the scope, limitation
Objectives and delimitation of the study.
● Construct a well-written scope
At the end of the
lesson, you should and limitations of your study.
be able to do the
following:

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 What are the boundaries of your study?

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 Scope

Scope is the general extent of the content that will

be covered by your study.

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 Title of Your Study
Relationship of the Perception
Example of of Grade 12 Students on
Scope Educational Math Videos and
their Math Academic
Performance

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 Scope
Example of Perception on Educational
Scope Math Videos

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 Limitation

Limitations are potential weaknesses in a study

that are not within your control as a researcher.

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 Title of Your Study:
Example of Relationship of Customer
Limitation Service and Training of Food
Service Crew

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 Limitation
Correlation determines
Example of
strength of relationship not
Limitation
causation.

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Did you know?

Limitations are sometimes found

in the research design of the
study.

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 Delimitation

Specific characteristics that limit the scope of the

study. Delimitations are set by the researchers
themselves.

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Did you know?

Delimitations help your study

become more feasible or doable.

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 Title of Your Study
Weekly Income of Two Small-
Example of
Scale Thrift Stores in
Delimitation
Meycauayan City: A
Comparative Study

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Example of Delimitation
Delimitation Weekly Income

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Tip

When creating the scope and

delimitations of your study, your
research objectives will guide you.

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Factors in Writing Limitation and Delimitation

Sample size
Limit the sample size of the study.

Profile of your sample

Choose only the profile/s relevant to your
study.

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Factors in Writing Limitation and Delimitation

Design of your study

The result is only limited based on the
chosen research design.

Data collection and research instruments

The interpretation of your study will be
limited to the research instrument used.
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Factors in Writing Limitation and Delimitation

Timeframe
Your study has a limited timeframe of
completion.

Financial resources
Be practical and realistic.

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Factors in Writing Limitation and Delimitation

Access to literature
Some relevant and related literature are
difficult to access.

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 ● Think of the scope, limitations,
and delimitations of your
study.
Practice
● Write three scope, limitations,
and delimitations that your
study possesses.

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 Quick Check

1. What is the meaning of scope in research?

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 Quick Check

2. How can delimitations help you as a

researcher?

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 Quick Check

The Relationship of Gender and Mobile Gaming

Addiction Among Second-Year Computer Science
College Students

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 Wrap Up
Scope refers to the general limitations of your
study.

Limitation refers to the uncontrollable and

sometimes unforeseeable factors that can
affect the outcome of your study.

Delimitation refers to the boundaries set by

the researcher.
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Unit 3: Constructing a Research Framework

Lesson 4
Identifying the Significance of
Quantitative Research

Practical Research 2
Senior High School Applied - Academic
How can
your study
help other
people?

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Learning
Objective Cite the benefits and beneficiaries
At the end of the of your study.
lesson, you should
be able to do the
following:

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What are the benefits stakeholders will gain
in your study?

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How do you identify the stakeholders in your
research?

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 Stakeholders

Stakeholders are individuals, people, groups, and

organizations who are affected by the outcomes
of your study.

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 Stakeholders

They can either receive positive effects

(benefits) or negative effects from the output
of your study.

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Did you know?

Research participants are not

necessarily considered as
stakeholders themselves, but
they can be a part of
stakeholders in your study.

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 Research Topic:
Examples Effects of Perceptions of SHS
of Effects of Students on Inclusive Education
the Output
of a Study Stakeholder:
Students

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Examples
Benefit (Positive Effect):
of Effects of
More awareness about acceptance
the Output
of inclusive education program
of a Study

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Examples Negative Effect:
of Effects of Some students might want all
the Output students with special needs to be
of a Study with them in the classroom.

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 Benefits and Beneficiaries

Benefits are the positive effects of the output

of your study.

Beneficiaries are the recipients of the

benefits of your study.

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 Research Topic
Awareness on Effects of Mobile
Phone Radiation on Health
Example of
Beneficiaries
Beneficiaries
and Benefits
Mobile Phone Users
Parents
Community

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Did you know?

The true aim of research is to

help people, the community, and
society through innovations.

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 1. What are the positive and
negative effects that they will
receive from your study?
Practice
1. How can you lessen or
eliminate the negative impact
as a researcher?

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 Quick Check

1. Who are stakeholders in research?

2. What is the difference between beneficiary
and stakeholder?

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 Quick Check

Customer Satisfaction of Selected Makati City

Residents on Four Major Internet Service
Providers (ISPs): A Comparative Study

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 Wrap Up
Significance of the Study is an essential
section of your Introduction that lists down
the different stakeholders and beneficiaries
of the study and how they benefit from it.

Stakeholders are groups, organizations, or

individuals that are either positively or
negatively affected by the output of the
study.
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 Wrap Up

Beneficiaries are those individuals who

are positively impacted by the study.

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Wrap Up

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