Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

AWS Academy Cloud Foundations

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Module overview
Topics Activities
• Label a network diagram
• Networking basics
• Design a basic VPC architecture
• Amazon VPC
Demo
• VPC networking
• VPC demonstration
• VPC security
Lab
• Amazon Route 53
• Build your VPC and launch a web
• Amazon CloudFront server

Knowledge check
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Module objectives
After completing this module, you should be able to:
• Recognize the basics of networking
• Describe virtual networking in the cloud with Amazon VPC
• Label a network diagram
• Design a basic VPC architecture
• Indicate the steps to build a VPC
• Identify security groups
• Create your own VPC and add additional components to it to produce a customized
network
• Identify the fundamentals of Amazon Route 53
• Recognize the benefits of Amazon CloudFront

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Section 1: Networking basics
Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

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Networks

Subnet 1 Subnet 2

Router

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IP addresses

192 . 0 . 2 . 0

11000000 00000000 00000010 00000000

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IPv4 and IPv6 addresses

IPv4 (32-bit) address: 192.0.2.0

IPv6 (128-bit) address: 2600:1f18:22ba:8c00:ba86:a05e:

a5ba:00FF

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 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR)

Network identifier (routing prefix) Host identifier

192 . 0 . 2 . 0 / 24

Tells you how

many bits are
fixed
11000000 00000000 00000010 00000000
to 11111111
Fixed Fixed Fixed Flexible

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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model

Numbe
Layer Function Protocol/Address
r
HTTP(S), FTP, DHCP,
Application 7 Means for an application to access a computer network
LDAP

• Ensures that the application layer can read the data

Presentation 6 ASCI, ICA
• Encryption

Session 5 Enables orderly exchange of data NetBIOS, RPC

Transport 4 Provides protocols to support host-to-host communication TCP, UDP

Network 3 Routing and packet forwarding (routers) IP

Data link 2 Transfer data in the same LAN network (hubs and switches) MAC

Physical 1 Transmission and reception of raw bitstreams over a physical medium Signals (1s and 0s)

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Section 2: Amazon VPC
Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

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Amazon VPC

• Enables you to provision a logically isolated section of the

AWS Cloud where you can launch AWS resources in a virtual
network that you define
• Gives you control over your virtual networking resources,
including:
Amazon • Selection of IP address range
VPC • Creation of subnets
• Configuration of route tables and network gateways
• Enables you to customize the network configuration for your
VPC
• Enables you to use multiple layers of security

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VPCs and subnets
• VPCs:
• Logically isolated from other VPCs AWS Cloud

• Dedicated to your AWS account

Region
• Belong to a single AWS Region and
can span multiple Availability Zones Availability Zone Availability Zone
1 2
• Subnets: VPC

• Range of IP addresses that divide a Subnet Subnet

VPC
• Belong to a single Availability Zone
• Classified as public or private

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IP addressing
• When you create a VPC, you assign it to
an IPv4 CIDR block (range of private
IPv4 addresses). VPC

• You cannot change the address range

after you create the VPC. x.x.x.x/16 or 65,536 addresses (max)
• The largest IPv4 CIDR block size is /16. to
• The smallest IPv4 CIDR block size is /28. x.x.x.x/28 or 16 addresses (min)
• IPv6 is also supported (with a different
block size limit).
• CIDR blocks of subnets cannot overlap.

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Reserved IP addresses

Example: A VPC with an IPv4 CIDR block of 10.0.0.0/16 has 65,536 total IP addresses.
The VPC has four equal-sized subnets. Only 251 IP addresses are available for use by
each subnet.
IP Addresses for
CIDR block Reserved for
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/24
Subnet 1 (10.0.0.0/24) Subnet 2 (10.0.2.0/24) 10.0.0.0 Network address

251 IP addresses 251 IP addresses

10.0.0.1 Internal communication

Subnet 4 (10.0.1.0/24) Subnet 3 (10.0.3.0/24) Domain Name System

10.0.0.2
(DNS) resolution
251 IP addresses 251 IP addresses
10.0.0.3 Future use

Network broadcast
10.0.0.255
address
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Public IP address types
Public IPv4 address Elastic IP address
• Manually assigned through an • Associated with an AWS
Elastic IP address account
• Automatically assigned through • Can be allocated and remapped
the auto-assign public IP address anytime
settings at the subnet level • Additional costs might apply

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Elastic network interface
• An elastic network interface is a virtual network interface that you can:
• Attach to an instance.
• Detach from the instance, and attach to another instance to redirect network traffic.
• Its attributes follow when it is reattached to a new instance.
• Each instance in your VPC has a default network interface that is assigned a
private IPv4 address from the IPv4 address range of your VPC.

Subnet: 10.0.1.0/24

Elastic network interface

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Route tables and routes
• A route table contains a set of rules
(or routes) that you can configure to
Main (Default) Route Table
direct network traffic from your
subnet. Destination Target
10.0.0.0/16 local
• Each route specifies a destination
and a target.
• By default, every route table contains
a local route for communication
within the VPC.
• Each subnet must be associated with VPC CIDR block
a route table (at most one).

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 • A VPC is a logically isolated section of the AWS
Section 2 key Cloud.
takeaways • A VPC belongs to one Region and requires a CIDR
block.
• A VPC is subdivided into subnets.
• A subnet belongs to one Availability Zone and
requires a CIDR block.
• Route tables control traffic for a subnet.
• Route tables have a built-in local route.
• You add additional routes to the table.
• The local route cannot be deleted.

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Section 3: VPC networking
Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

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Internet gateway
AWS Cloud

Region
Availability Zone
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public Subnet Route Table
Public subnet:10.0.1.0/24
Destination Target
10.0.0.0/16 local
0.0.0.0/0 igw-id

Private subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 Route Internet

table gateway
(igw-id)
Internet

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Network address translation (NAT) gateway
AWS Cloud

Region
Availability Zone
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet:10.0.1.0/24 Public Subnet Route Table
Public route Destination Target
table
10.0.0.0/16 local
NAT gateway
(nat-gw-id) 0.0.0.0/0 igw-id

Private subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 Internet

Private route gateway Private Subnet Route Table
table (igw-id) Destination Target
Internet
10.0.0.0/16 local
0.0.0.0/0 nat-gw-id

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VPC sharing

AWS Cloud
Region

VPC: Account A (owner)

Private subnet Public subnet

Router

Account D (participant)
Account B (participant) Account C (participant)

NAT gateway Internet

gateway
EC2 EC2 EC2 RDS Amazon
instance instance instance instance EC2 instance Redshift

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VPC peering
AWS Cloud
You can connect VPCs in
your own AWS account,
VPC A: 10.0.0.0/16 VPC B: 10.3.0.0/16 between AWS accounts, or
between AWS Regions.
Peering
connection
Restrictions:
(pcx-id) • IP spaces cannot overlap.
• Transitive peering is not
supported.
Route Table for VPC A Route Table for VPC B • You can only have one
Destination Target Destination Target peering resource between
10.0.0.0/16 local 10.3.0.0/16 local the same two VPCs.
10.3.0.0/16 pcx-id 10.0.0.0/16 pcx-id

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AWS Site-to-Site VPN
AWS Cloud
Public subnet route table
Region Destination Target
Availability Zone 10.0.0.0/16 local
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16 Site-to-Site 0.0.0.0/0 igw-id
Public subnet:10.1.0.0/24 VPN
connection
Private subnet route table
Internet Destination Target
10.0.0.0/16 local
Private subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 Route Virtual 192.168.10.0/24 vgw-id
Customer
table gateway gateway
(vgw-id)

Corporate data center:

192.168.10.0/24
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AWS Direct Connect
AWS Cloud

Region
Availability Zone Internet

VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet:10.1.0.0/24

802.1q
VLAN AWS Direct
Connect

Private subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 Route Virtual

table gateway Customer
gateway

Corporate data center:

192.168.10.0/24
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VPC endpoints
AWS Cloud Default DNS hostname or Public Subnet Route Table
endpoint-specific DNS hostname
Destination Target
Region
10.0.0.0/16 local
Availability Zone
Amazon S3 ID vpcep-id
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet:10.0.1.0/24

Two types of endpoints:

VPC
Amazon • Interface endpoints
Simple Storage
endpoint
Service (powered by AWS
Private subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 (vpcep-id)
(Amazon S3) PrivateLink)
Elastic
• Gateway endpoints
Network Interface (Amazon S3 and
Amazon DynamoDB)
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AWS Transit Gateway

From this… To this…

AWS Direct
Customer VPN Amazon VPC Amazon Connect
gateway connection VPC peering VPC gateway
Amazon Amazon
VPC VPC

VPN VPC VPC VPC AWS Direct

connection peering peering peering Connect
gateway AWS
Transit Gateway
VPN Amazon Amazon
connection Amazon VPC Amazon VPC VPC
VPC peering VPC

VPN
connection
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Activity: Label this network diagram
AWS Cloud

?
?

? Public? subnet:10.0.1.0/24
? ? Internet

_?_ IP address Q6
?
Destination Target
Private subnet: 10.0.2.0/24
? ? local
?
0.0.0.0/0 ?
?

_?_ IP address 10.0.0.0/16

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Activity: Solution
AWS Cloud

Region
Availability Zone

VPC Publicsubnet
subnet:10.0.1.0/24
Public
Internet Route table Internet
gateway

Private IP address NAT gateway Route

Destination Target
Private
Privatesubnet
subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 10.0.0.0/16 local
Route table 0.0.0.0/0 igw-id
Elastic
network
interface
Private IP address 10.0.0.0/16

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Recorded Amazon
VPC
demonstration

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Section 3 key • There are several VPC networking options,
which include:
takeaways
• Internet gateway
• NAT gateway
• VPC endpoint
• VPC peering
• VPC sharing
• AWS Site-to-Site VPN
• AWS Direct Connect
• AWS Transit Gateway
• You can use the VPC Wizard to implement
your design.

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Section 4: VPC security
Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

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Security groups (1 of 2)
AWS Cloud

Region
Availability Zone
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet:10.0.1.0/24

Security group

Security groups act at

Private subnet: 10.0.2.0/24 the instance level.
Security group

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Security groups (2 of 2)

• Security groups have rules that control inbound and outbound instance traffic.
• Default security groups deny all inbound traffic and allow all outbound traffic.
• Security groups are stateful.
Inbound
Source Protocol Port Range Description
sg-xxxxxxxx All All Allow inbound traffic from network interfaces assigned to
the same security group.

Outbound
Destination Protocol Port Range Description
0.0.0.0/0 All All Allow all outbound IPv4 traffic.
::/0 All All Allow all outbound IPv6 traffic.

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Custom security group examples

• You can specify allow rules, but not deny rules.

• All rules are evaluated before the decision to allow traffic.
Inbound
Source Protocol Port Range Description
0.0.0.0/0 TCP 80 Allow inbound HTTP access from all IPv4 addresses
0.0.0.0/0 TCP 443 Allow inbound HTTPS access from all IPv4 addresses
Your network's public TCP 22 Allow inbound SSH access to Linux instances from IPv4
IPv4 address range IP addresses in your network (over the internet gateway)

Outbound
Destination Protocol Port Range Description
The ID of the security group TCP 1433 Allow outbound Microsoft SQL Server access to
for your Microsoft SQL instances in the specified security group
Server database servers

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Network access control lists (network ACLs 1 of 2)
AWS Cloud

Region
Availability Zone
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Public subnet:10.0.0.0/24

Network ACLs act at

Private subnet: 10.0.4.0/22 the subnet level.

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Network access control lists (network ACLs 2 of 2)

• A network ACL has separate inbound and outbound rules, and each rule can
either allow or deny traffic.
• Default network ACLs allow all inbound and outbound IPv4 traffic.
• Network ACLs are stateless.

Inbound
Rule Type Protocol Port Range Source Allow/Deny
100 All IPv4 traffic All All 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW
* All IPv4 traffic All All 0.0.0.0/0 DENY
Outbound
Rule Type Protocol Port Range Destination Allow/Deny
100 All IPv4 traffic All All 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW
* All IPv4 traffic All All 0.0.0.0/0 DENY

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Custom network ACLs examples
• Custom network ACLs deny all inbound and outbound traffic until you add rules.
• You can specify both allow and deny rules.
• Rules are evaluated in number order, starting with the lowest number.
Inbound
Rule Type Protocol Port Range Source Allow/Deny
100 HTTPS TCP 443 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW
120 SSH TCP 22 192.0.2.0/24 ALLOW
* All IPv4 traffic All All 0.0.0.0/0 DENY
Outbound
Rule Type Protocol Port Range Destination Allow/Deny
100 HTTPS TCP 443 0.0.0.0/0 ALLOW
120 SSH TCP 22 192.0.2.0/24 ALLOW
* All IPv4 traffic All All 0.0.0.0/0 DENY

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Security groups versus network ACLs

Attribute Security Groups Network ACLs

Scope Instance level Subnet level

Supported Rules Allow rules only Allow and deny rules

Stateful (return traffic is

Stateless (return traffic must be
State automatically allowed, regardless of
explicitly allowed by rules)
rules)
All rules are evaluated before Rules are evaluated in number order
Order of Rules
decision to allow traffic before decision to allow traffic

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Activity: Design a VPC
Scenario: You have a small business with a website that is hosted on an Amazon
Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance. You have customer data that is
stored on a backend database that you want to keep private. You want to use
Amazon VPC to set up a VPC that meets the following requirements:
• Your web server and database server must be in separate subnets.
• The first address of your network must be 10.0.0.0. Each subnet must have 256
total IPv4 addresses.
• Your customers must always be able to access your web server.
• Your database server must be able to access the internet to make patch updates.
• Your architecture must be highly available and use at least one custom firewall
layer.

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Section 4 key • Build security into your VPC architecture:
takeaways • Isolate subnets if possible.
• Choose the appropriate gateway device or VPN
connection for your needs.
• Use firewalls.
• Security groups and network ACLs are
firewall options that you can use to secure
your VPC.

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 Lab 2:
Build Your VPC
and Launch a Web
Server

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Lab 2: Scenario
In this lab, you use Amazon VPC to create your own VPC and add some
components to produce a customized network. You create a security
group for your VPC. You also create an EC2 instance and configure it to
run a web server and to use the security group. You then launch the EC2
instance into the VPC.

Amazon Amazon
VPC EC2

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Lab 2: Tasks

• Create a VPC.

• Create additional subnets.

Security
group
• Create a VPC security group.

• Launch a web server instance.

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Lab 2: Final product
AWS Cloud
Public Route Table
Region
Destination Target
Availability Zone A Availability Zone B
10.0.0.0/16 Local
VPC: 10.0.0.0/16
Internet
Public subnet 1: Public subnet 2: Internet
gateway 0.0.0.0/0
10.0.0.0/24 10.0.2.0/24 gateway

Security group
NAT
Web Private Route Table
gateway
server
Destination Target
Private subnet 1: Private subnet 2: 10.0.0.0/16 Local
10.0.1.0/24 10.0.3.0/24
0.0.0.0/0 NAT gateway

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~ 30 minutes

Begin Lab 2: Build

Your VPC and Launch
a Web Server

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 Lab debrief:
Key takeaways

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Section 5: Amazon Route 53
Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

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Amazon Route 53

• Is a highly available and scalable Domain Name System (DNS) web

service
Amazon • Is used to route end users to internet applications by translating
Route 53
names (like www.example.com) into numeric IP addresses (like
192.0.2.1) that computers use to connect to each other
• Is fully compliant with IPv4 and IPv6
• Connects user requests to infrastructure running in AWS and also
outside of AWS
• Is used to check the health of your resources
• Features traffic flow
• Enables you to register domain names

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Amazon Route 53 DNS resolution

Requests Checks with Route

www.example.com 53 for IP address

User Returns IP address DNS resolver Returns IP address Amazon

192.0.2.0 192.0.2.0 Route 53

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Amazon Route 53 supported routing
• Simple routing – Use in single-server environments
• Weighted round robin routing – Assign weights to resource record sets to specify
the frequency
• Latency routing – Help improve your global applications
• Geolocation routing – Route traffic based on location of your users
• Geoproximity routing – Route traffic based on location of your resources
• Failover routing – Fail over to a backup site if your primary site becomes
unreachable
• Multivalue answer routing – Respond to DNS queries with up to eight healthy
records selected at random

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 Use case: Multi-region deployment

Amazon Route 53

some-elb-name.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com User

some-elb-name.ap-southeast
-2.elb.amazonaws.com
Name Type Value
example.com ALIAS some-elb-name.us-west-2.elb.amazonaws.com

example.com ALIAS some-elb-name.ap-southeast-2.elb.amazonaws.com

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Amazon Route 53 DNS failover
Improve the availability of your applications that run on AWS by:
• Configuring backup and failover scenarios for your own applications
• Enabling highly available multi-region architectures on AWS
• Creating health checks

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DNS failover for a multi-tiered web application
Record Sets AWS Cloud
CNAME www

elastic_load_balancer Availability Zone A Availability Zone B

Routing Policy = Failover
Record Type = Primary

Amazon S3 website Auto Scaling group

Routing Policy = Failover
Record Type = Secondary Amazon EC2 Amazon EC2

Primary

User Amazon Relational Amazon Relational

Amazon Database Service Database Service
Route 53 (Amazon RDS) (Amazon RDS)
Secondary instance instance

Amazon S3
static website
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 • Amazon Route 53 is a highly available and scalable
Section 5 key cloud DNS web service that translates domain
takeaways names into numeric IP addresses.
• Amazon Route 53 supports several types of routing
policies.
• Multi-Region deployment improves your
application’s performance for a global audience.
• You can use Amazon Route 53 failover to improve
the availability of your applications.

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Section 6: Amazon CloudFront
Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

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Content delivery and network latency

Hop
Router
Hop Hop
Origin server
Hop
Router
Router
Hop
Hop

Client
Router Hop
User

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Content delivery network (CDN)
• Is a globally distributed system of caching servers
• Caches copies of commonly requested files (static content)
• Delivers a local copy of the requested content from a nearby cache
edge or Point of Presence
• Accelerates delivery of dynamic content
• Improves application performance and scaling

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Amazon CloudFront

• Fast, global, and secure CDN service

• Global network of edge locations and
Regional edge caches
Amazon
CloudFront • Self-service model
• Pay-as-you-go pricing

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Amazon CloudFront infrastructure

Edge locations

Multiple edge locations

Regional edge caches

• Edge locations – Network of data centers

that CloudFront uses to serve popular content
quickly to customers.

• Regional edge cache – CloudFront

location that caches content that is not
popular enough to stay at an edge location.
It is located between the origin server and
the global edge location.

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Amazon CloudFront benefits
• Fast and global
• Security at the edge
• Highly programmable
• Deeply integrated with AWS
• Cost-effective

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Amazon CloudFront pricing
Data transfer out
• Charged for the volume of data transferred out from Amazon CloudFront edge
location to the internet or to your origin.
HTTP(S) requests
• Charged for number of HTTP(S) requests.
Invalidation requests
• No additional charge for the first 1,000 paths that are requested for invalidation
each month. Thereafter, $0.005 per path that is requested for invalidation.
Dedicated IP custom SSL
• $600 per month for each custom SSL certificate that is associated with one or
more CloudFront distributions that use the Dedicated IP version of custom SSL
certificate support.

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Section 6 key • A CDN is a globally distributed system of
caching servers that accelerates delivery of
takeaways content.
• Amazon CloudFront is a fast CDN service
that securely delivers data, videos,
applications, and APIs over a global
infrastructure with low latency and high
transfer speeds.
• Amazon CloudFront offers many benefits.

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Module wrap-up
Module 5: Networking and Content Delivery

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Module summary
In summary, in this module you learned how to:
• Recognize the basics of networking
• Describe virtual networking in the cloud with Amazon VPC
• Label a network diagram
• Design a basic VPC architecture
• Indicate the steps to build a VPC
• Identify security groups
• Create your own VPC and added additional components to it to produce a
customized network
• Identify the fundamentals of Amazon Route 53
• Recognize the benefits of Amazon CloudFront

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Complete the knowledge check

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 Sample exam question
Which AWS networking service enables a company to create a virtual network within AWS?

Choice Response

A AWS Config

B Amazon Route 53

C AWS Direct Connect

D Amazon VPC

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Sample exam question answer
Which AWS networking service enables a company to create a virtual network within AWS?

The correct answer is D.

The keywords in the question are “AWS networking service” and “create a virtual network”.

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Additional resources
• Amazon VPC Overview pag: https:
//docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/what-is-amazon-
vpc.html
• Amazon Virtual Private Cloud Connectivity Options whitepaper: https:
//docs.aws.amazon.com/whitepapers/latest/aws-vpc-connectivity-
options/introduction.html
• One to Many: Evolving VPC Design AWS Architecture blog post: https:
//aws.amazon.com/blogs/architecture/one-to-many-evolving-vpc-
design/
• Amazon VPC User Guide: https:
//docs.aws.amazon.com/vpc/latest/userguide/what-is-amazon-
vpc.html
• Amazon CloudFront overview page: https:
//aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/?nc=sn&loc=1

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Thank you

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