GK SIR'S GURUKUL COACHING

CLASSES

Std.: 10 (English) Maths - II Marks: 25

Date: 27-Jun-2025 Time: 1 hour
Chapter: 2 Pythagoras Theorem
Q.1 Solve Multiple choice questions. (4)
(A)
1) Out of the dates given below which date constitutes a Pythagorean triplet?
a. 15/08/17 b. 16/08/16 c. 3/5/17 d. 4/9/15

Ans. Option a.

2) In a right angled triangle, if sum of the squares of the sides making right angle is 169 then what is the length of the hypotenuse?
a. 15 b. 13 c. 5 d. 12

Ans. Option b.

3) State apollonius theorem for ∆ ABC.

a. AB2 + AD2 = 2AM2 + 2BM2 b. AB2 + BC2 = AC2

c. AB2 + AC2 = 2AM2 + 2BM2 d. None of above

Ans. Option c

4) In 30°– 60°– 90° triangle, if BC is opposite to 60° and AC is hypotenuse, then 2 times of BC is equal to the ............... times of AC.

√3
(a) 4 (b) √3 (c) √2 (d)
2

Ans. Option (b)

(B) Solve the following questions. (2)

1) Identify, with reason, if the following is Pythagorean triplet. 5, 12, 13

Ans. (5, 12, 13)

132 = 169
and 52 + 122 = 25 + 144
= 169

∴ 132 = 52 + 122

∴ (5, 12, 13) is a Pythagorean triplet.

2) Find the diagonal of a rectangle whose length is 35 cm and breadth is 12 cm.

Ans.
In □ PQRS is a rectangle

∴ ∠ Q = 90° [Angle of a rectangle]

In △ PQR, ∠ Q = 90°
 ∴ PR2 = PQ2 + QR2 ... [Pythagoras theorem]

∴ PR2 = 352 + 122

∴ PR2 = 1225 + 144

∴ PR2 = 1369

∴ PR = 37cm ... [Taking square root]

∴ Length of diagonal of the rectangle is 37 cm

Q.2 Complete the following Activities. (Any one) (2)

(A)
1) Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle if remaining sides are 9 cm and 12 cm.

△ ABC, ∠ ABC = 90°

AB = 9 cm , BC = 12 cm
By Pythagoras Theorem,
_____ = AC2
_____ = AC2
81 +_____ = AC2
AC2 = 225
AC = _____
The hypotenuse is _____
Ans. Find the length of the hypotenuse of a right angled triangle if remaining sides are 9 cm and 12 cm.

△ ABC, ∠ ABC = 90°

AB = 9 cm , BC = 12 cm
By Pythagoras Theorem,
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
92 + 122 = AC2
81 + 144 = AC2
AC2 = 225
AC = 15
The hypotenuse is 15 cm.
2)
In ∠ MNP = 90°, seg NQ ⊥ seg MP, MQ = 9, QP = 4, find NQ.
 InΔMNP,

∠ MNP = 90° ...(Given)

seg NQ ⊥ hypotenuse MP ...(Given)

∴ By property of geometric mean

NQ2 = MQ × _____

∴ NQ2 = _____

∴ NQ2 = _____

∴ NQ = _____ ...(Taking square roots on both the sides)

Ans.
In ∠ MNP = 90°, seg NQ ⊥ seg MP, MQ = 9, QP = 4, find NQ.
 InΔMNP,

∠ MNP = 90° ...(Given)

seg NQ ⊥ hypotenuse MP ...(Given)

∴ By property of geometric mean

NQ2 = MQ × PQ

∴ NQ2 = 9 × 4

∴ NQ2 = 36

∴ NQ = 6 ...(Taking square roots on both the sides)

(B) Solve the following questions. (Any two) (4)

1)

In △ ABC, ∠ B= 90°, ∠ A= 30°, AC=14, then find AB and BC.

Ans.
In △ ABC,

∠ B= 90°, ∠ A= 30°

∴ ∠ C= 60°

By 30° - 60° - 90° theorem,

1 √3
BC = × AC AB = × AC
2 2

1 √3
BC = × 14 AB = × 14
2 2

BC = 7 AB = 7√3

2)

In ∠ PQR = 90°, seg QN ⊥ seg PR, PN = 9, NR = 16. Find QN.

Ans.
In △ PQR, seg QN ⊥ seg PR
 NQ2 = PN × NR ... theorem of geometric mean

∴ NQ = √PN × NR

= √9 × 16

=3×4

= 12
3) Find the length of the hypotenuse of a square whose side is 16 cm.

Ans.
□ ABCD is a square.

In right angled triangle △ ABC,

AC2 = AB2 + BC2 ... (by Pythagoras theorem)

∴ AC2 = 162 + 162

∴ AC2 = 256 + 256

∴ AC2 = 512

∴ AC = 16√2

Q.3 Complete the following activity. (Any one) (3)

(A)
1) ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC = 12 cm and BC = 8 cm. Find the altitude on BC and hence, calculate its area.
 ∴ BD = DC

BD = _____ = 4cm
In right angled triangle ABD
By Pythagoras theorem
_____ = AB2
AD2 + (4)2 = (12)2
AD2 + 16 = 144
AD2 = 128

AD = √128

AD = √64 × 2

AD =_____

Area of △ ABC = _____

1
= DC × AD
×
2

= _____

4 × 8 √2 cm2
1
= ×
2

= _____
Ans. ABC is an isosceles triangle with AB = AC = 12 cm and BC = 8 cm. Find the altitude on BC and hence, calculate its area.
 ∴ BD = DC

1
BD = × 8 cm = 4cm
2

In right angled triangle ABD

By Pythagoras theorem
AD2 + BD2 = AB2
AD2 + (4)2 = (12)2
AD2 + 16 = 144
AD2 = 128

AD = √128

AD = √64 × 2

AD = 8 √2

1
Area of △ ABC = × base × Altitude
2

1
= BC × AD
×
2

8 × 8 √2 cm2
1
= ×
2

= 4 × 8 √2 cm2

= 32√2 cm2

2)

In the given figure, find the length of AD in terms of b and c.

 ABC is a triangle, ∠ A = 90°

AB = c, AC = b
To find: AD in terms of b and c

AB × AC = _____ ......(i)
1
Solution: Area of △ ABC =
2

and △ ABC -
1
BC × AD ...... (ii)
2

But BC = _____
= _____
Form (i) and (ii),

1 1
= BC × AD = bc
2 2

= BC × AD = b.c

= _____ = bc [_____]
Hence AD = _____
Ans.

In the given figure, find the length of AD in terms of b and c.

ABC is a triangle, ∠ A = 900

AB = c, AC = b
To find: AD in terms of b and c

bc ... (i)
1 1
Solution: Area of △ ABC = AB × AC =
2 2

and △ ABC -
1
BC × AD ... (ii)
2

But BC = √AB2 + AC
2

= √b 2 + c2

Form (i) and (ii),

1 1
= BC × AD = bc
2 2

= BC × AD = b.c

= √b 2 + c2 × AD = bc ... [From iii]

bc
Hence AD =
2
√b + c
2

(B) Solve the following questions. (Any any) (3)

1)

In △ PQR, ∠ PQR = 90°, seg QS ⊥ seg PR then find x, y, z.

Ans.
In △ PQR, ∠ PQR = 90°, seg QS ⊥ seg PR

QS = √PS × SR ... theorem of geometric mean

= √10 × 8

= √5 × 2 × 8

= √5 × 16

= 4√ 5

∴ x = 4√ 5

In △ QSR, by Pythagoras theorem In △ PSQ, by Pythagoras theorem

QR2 = QS2 + SR2 PQ2 = QS2 + PS2​

= (4√5) + 82 = (4√5) + 102

2 2

= 16 × 5 + 64 = 16 × 5 + 100

= 80 + 64 = 80 + 100

= 144 = 180

∴ = 12 ∴ PQ = 6√5

Hence x = 4√5, y = 12, z = 6√5

2)
Find the length of the side and perimeter of an equilateral triangle whose height is √3 cm.

Ans.
 △ ABC is an equilateral triangle seg AD ⊥ side BC such that

∴ AD = √3 cm

In △ ADB,

∠ ADB = 90° ... [given]

∠ ADB = 60° ... [Angle of an equilateral triangle]

∴ ∠ BAD = 30° ... [Remaining angle of triangle]

∴ △ ADB is 30° − 60° − 90° triangle

√3
∴ AD = AB ... [side opposite to 60°
2

√3
∴ √3 = AB
2

∴ AB = 2 cm

∴ The length of each side of equilateral triangle is 2 cm

Perimeter of equilateral triangle = 3 × side

=3×2

= 6 cm
Q.4 Solve the following questions. (Any one) (4)
1) If a and b are natural and a > b. If (a2 + b2), (a2 – b2) and 2 ab are the sides of the triangle, then prove that the triangle is right-
angled. Find out two Pythagorean triplets by taking suitable values of a and b.

Ans. a2 + b2, a2 – b2, 2 ab are sides of triangle.

By Pythagoras' theorem,
(a2 + b2), (a2 – b2) + (2ab)2
a4 + b4 + 2a2b2 = a4 + b4 – 2a2b2 + 4a2b2
a4 + b4 + 2a2b2 = a4 + b4 + 2a2b2
As L.H.S. = R.H.S.

∴ Triangle is a right-angle triangle as it follows Pythagorean triplets.

As a > b ... [Given]

Let a = 4, b = 3
a2 + b2 = 42 + 32 = 16 + 9 = 25
a2 – b2 = 16 – 9 = 7

2ab = 2 × 4 × 3 = 24

∴ (25, 7, 24) is Pythagorean triplet.

Let a = 2, b = 1
 a2 + b2 = 22 + 12 = 4 + 1 = 5
a 2 – b2 = 22 – 12 = 4 – 1 = 3

∴ (5, 3, 4) is a Pythagorean triplet.

2) In the given figure an altitude is drawn to the hypotenuse. The lengths of different segments are marked in the figure.
Determine the value of x, y, z

Ans.
(1)In △ PSQ, ∠ PSQ = 90° ... (given)

∴ PQ2 = PS2 + QS2 ... (Pythagoras theorem)

(2)But,
PQ = 6, SR = x, PS = 4
QR = z, QS = y ... (given)

(3)∴ 62 = 4 2 + y 2 ... [from (i) and (ii)]

∴ 36 = 16 + y2

∴ y2 = 36 – 16

∴ y2 = 20

∴ y = √20

∴ y = √4 × 5

∴ y = 2√5 units

(4)QS2 = PS × SR ... (Geometric mean property)

∴ y2 = 4 × x ... [From (ii)]

∴ (2√5)2 = 4 × x ... [From (iii)]

∴ 4×5=4×x

4 × 5
∴ =x
4

∴ x = 5 units

(5)In △ QSR, ∠ QSR = 90° ... (given)

QR2 = QS2 + SR2 ... (Pythagoras theorem)

 ∴ z2 = y 2 + x 2 ... [From (2)]

∴ z2 = (2√5)2 + (5)2 ... [From (3) and (5)]

∴ z2 = (2√5)2 + (5)2

∴ z2 = (4 × 5) + (5 × 5)

∴ z2 = 20 + 25

∴ z2 = 45

∴ z = √45 ... (Taking square root)

∴ z = √9 × 5

∴ z = 3√5 units

x = 5 units, y = 2√5 units, z = 3√5 units

Q.5 Solve the following questions. (Any one) (3)

1)

In figure, ∠ DFE = 90°, FG ⊥ ED, if GD = 8, FG = 12, find (1) EG (2) FD and (3) EF

Ans.
i. In △ DEF, ∠ DFE = 90° and FG ⊥ ED

∴ FG2 = EG × GD ... [Geometric mean property]

∴ 122 = EG × 8

144
∴ = EG
8

∴ EG = 18 units

ii. In △ FGE, ∠ FGE = 90°

∴ EF2 = FG2 + EG2 ... [Pythagoras theorem]

∴ EF2 = 122 + 182 ... [from (1), give]

∴ EF2 = 144 + 324

 ∴ EF2 = 468

∴ EF = √468 ... [Taking square root]

∴ = √36 × 13

∴ EF = 6 √13 units

iii. In △ FGD, ∠ FGD = 90°

∴ DF2 = GD2 + GF2 ... [Pythagoras theorem]

∴ DF2 = 82 + 122

∴ DF2 = 64 + 144

∴ DF2 = 208

∴ DF = √208 ... [Taking square root]

= √16 × 13

∴ DF = 4√13 units

2)

In △ ABC, ∠ ACB is obtuse angle, seg AD ⊥ seg BC. Prove that: AB2 = BC2 + AC2 + 2BC × CD

Ans.
In the figure seg AD ⊥ seg BC. Let AD = p, AC = b, AB = c, BC = a and DC = x, DB = a + x.
 In ​△ ADB by Pythagoras theorem

c2 = (a + x)2 + p2
c2 = a2 + 2ax + x2 + p2 ... I

Similarly, in △ ADC

b2 = x 2 + p2

∴ p2 = b2 - x2 ... II

∴ Substituting the value of p2 form (II) and (I)

∴ c2 = a2 + 2ax + b2

∴ AB2 = BC2 + AC2 + 2BC × CD