Bearing
A bearing is a machine element that facilitates smooth, frictionless movement
between two parts, typically rotational or linear, by preventing direct contact and
reducing friction, thus improving performance and efficiency.
Nomenclature of Bearing
Layout of Bearings
The bearings are designed to take up:
1. Radial Loads
2. Axial Thrusts
Location of Thrust Bearing
The location of thrust bearing should be close to the spindle nose so that possibility
of buckling can be avoided. But there is another consideration to be taken into
account where the longitudinal expansion of the spindle towards the tool must be
prevented and should be directed towards the rear.
Requirements Spindle Bearing
1. Provide minimum deflection under varying loads
2. Provide maximum thrust of running under loads of different magnitude and
direction
3. Provide maximum temperature variation throughout the speed range
4. Process adjustability to obtain minimum radial and axial slackness
5. Simple and convenient assembly
6. Sufficiently long service
BEARING MATERIALS AND SELECTION CRITERIA
The ideal journal bearing material would have the following characteristics:
1. High compressive strength to withstand the applied radial loading
2. High fatigue strength to endure any cyclic changes in load direction and/or load
intensity
3. Compatibility with the journal material to minimize surface scoring and bearing
seizure whenever the journal and bearing surfaces come into contact (e.g., during
startup)
4. Embedability to permit foreign particles in the lubricant to penetrate the bearing
surface to avoid scoring and wear
5. Conformability of surface to tolerate journal misalignment, deflection, or manu
facturing inaccuracies
6. High corrosion resistance to withstand chemical attack by the lubricant
7. High thermal conductivity to permit generated heat to be transported from the
lubricant film
8. Appropriate coefficient of thermal expansion to avoid differences in thermal
expansion of the journal and bearing
9. Low wear to prevent surface destruction, especially under boundary lubrication
conditions (i.e., thin-film high-friction lubrication) and thereby lengthen the life
of the bearing
Bearing Material Selection Criteria
➢ Hardness
➢ Tensile strength
➢ Modulus of elasticity
➢ Thermal conductivity
➢ Coefficient of expansion
➢ Density
➢ Fatigue strength
➢ Corrosion resistance
➢ Embedability
➢ Compatibility
Roller Bearing
A rolling-element bearing, also known as a rolling bearing, is a bearing which carries a load by placing rolling
elements (such as balls or rollers) between two bearing rings called races. The relative motion of the races causes
the rolling elements to roll with very little rolling resistance and with little sliding.
Ball Bearing
A particularly common kind of rolling-element bearing is the ball bearing. The bearing has inner and
outer races between which balls roll. Each race features a groove usually shaped so the ball fits slightly loose.
Plain Bearing
A plain bearing, or more commonly sliding bearing and slide bearing (in railroading sometimes called a solid
bearing, journal bearing, or friction bearing[1]), is the simplest type of bearing, comprising just a bearing surface and
no rolling elements.
Thrust Bearing
A thrust bearing is a particular type of rotary bearing. Like other bearings they permanently rotate between parts,
but they are designed to support a predominantly axial load.
Thrust Bearing/ Flat Collar Bearing Formulas
A flat collar bearing, also known as a thrust bearing, is a type of bearing that uses flat surfaces to resist axial (or
thrust) loads on a rotating shaft, and it can have either a single or multiple collars.
Pivot Bearing/ Foot Step Bearing Formulas
A footstep bearing, also known as a pivot bearing or step bearing, is a type of thrust bearing designed to support
the lower end of a vertical shaft, allowing it to rotate smoothly while bearing axial loads.
