Jnana-PRaBHa

Karnataka State’s 8th Standard second language English Notes

Prepared By
Dr. Prasanna Devaramatha Anilkumar
Graduate Primary Teacher
GHPS Gududhuru, Ballari Dist. 9036653155.

Contact for copies

Amma Book Stall and General Store, Korlagundi, Ballari.

Shree Swamy Vivekananda Guruji Publisher, Gududhuru-Magala

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 1
 CONTENTS

Page Page
Unit Prose Poetry
No No

A Day in the Ashram Beauty (Memorization)

1 3-5 5-6
- C.F. Andrews E-Yeh-Shure

Sir C.V. Raman The Little Busy Bee

2 6-8 8-9
- Edited - Isaac Watts (Memorization)

Jamaican Fragment No Men are Foreign

3 10-13 13
- A.L. Hendricks - James Kirkup
The Boy Who Asked for
For a Five Year Old Boy
4 More 13-16 16
- Fleur Adcock
- Charles Dickens
The Swan and the Princes Somebody’s Mother
5 17-18 19
- Edited - Mary Dow Brine

All the world Her Stage Coromandel Fishers

6 20-22 22-23
- NBT - Sarojini Naidu (Memorization)
The Emperor’s New
Machine
7 Clothes 23-27 27-28
- Rudyard Kipling
[Play based on a folk tale]
The Axe in the Wood
Luther Burbank
8 28-30 (Memorization) 30-31
- Daniel Miller
- Clifford Henry Dyment

9 Supplementary Reader 31-34 Listening Passages

10 Additional Glossary Phonetic Symbols

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 2

 Prose 1.
A Day in the Ashram
C.F Andrews

I. Answer the following questions.

1) Who named the School Shantiniketan?
Gurudev Rabindranath Tagorenamed the School Shantiniketan.
2) When does the day in Shantiniketan begin?
The day begins long before the sunrise.
3) What is termed by Gurudev as the darling of our hearts?
Shantinikethan is termed as darling of our hearts by Gurudev.
4) Which phrase is used in paragraph to mean both the old the young people?
The Phrase used is "old and young alike"
5) The boys in Shantinlketan get up early in the morning. Who else are the early risers?
The Choristers and the birds on the amloki groves are early risers.
II.Answer the following questions.
1) What kind of work do the boys practise in the afternoon?
In the afternoon boys practise the work chiefly with hands as well as with the mind. Hand work is
practised.
2) What are Shantinikethan boys famous for? Shantinikethan boys are famous for their sports and games.
3) How do the boys spend evenings before they go to bed?
Before they go to bed some fairy tales are told, short dramas are recited Gurudeva's songs are sung and
different school gatherings are held.
4) Read the second Paragraph carefully what it describes is_
Ans- (b) the song of the choristers.
III. Read and discuss. Then write:
1) What is the effect of the song of the choristers on the listeners?
The Choristers are the first to rise and they go round the Ashram singing their morning hymn, you can
hear the voices in distance drawing nearer and nearer and then the sound dies away as choir passes on to
another port of the Ashram and then again it comes nearer and near. The beauty of the sound in the silent
morning air and the sense of joy and reverence which it brings give peace to the soul.
2) How are the classes held in the afternoon in Shantiniketan?
In the afternoon classes begin again but at this time the work is chiefly with hands as well as handiwork
is practised and the boys own natural tastes are very soon discovered. Some prefer carpentry others prefer
mechanical work others enjoy spinning and weaving others become skilled in draftsman or painters other
are musicians
3) How do the boys spend their evenings in Shantiniketan?
In the evening at sunset they return from their fields and sit down once more for a short time to meditate,
in silence.
4) How are the classes at Shantiniketan different from the classes in other schools?
In other School's all the boys are made to learn certain subjects. They do not give scope for the
development of natural facts. Only bookish knowledge is important. Teachers do not take interest in
discovering natural talents of the students. But in Shantiniketan work of books is less. School is
conducted in the open air. Boys are allowed to ask questions. Instead of 40 to 50 boys, there will be group
of 8 to 10 boys. Teachers take keen interest. The boy is allowed to practise and learn in which he is
interested. It may be carpentry, painting, music, spinning or weaving. The education here is the 'living
education.'
5) How does Shantiniketan prepare the boys for life?
The education here is the living education. Boys are taught according to their tastes and preferences.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 3

 They enjoy learning and become exports in the subject of their liking. That is how Shantiniketan prepares
boys for life.
IV.
Unimaginative
Living Education
Instruction
Meditating learners Memorizing,
Learning outside in punishing
nature,
Students asking questions dictating notes,
to Teachers Passive listeners,
Experimenting
Creative thinking. bookish learning
Identifying,
students natural tastes.

5) Write a paragraph describing your idea of a good school.

According to me a good school is one where boys get living education. The school should give scope to all
the students to develop their natural tastes of their liking if they prefer music or spinning painting etc. They
should be taught accordingly. It is better to keep the boys away from the bookish knowledge. Students must
be allowed to take part in sports and game. In good school scope should be provided for meditation and
boys must be allowed to ask questions to their teachers and gain knowledge. I don't want that boys in the
school would be passive listeners. 'Prayer, singing hymns meditation all these should become part of
education. If the instruction is given in the open air instead of classrooms boys enjoy. Education in different
Handicrafts will prepare boys for their future life.
6) Write a few lines about your school using the following clues.
Our School is located in the heart of the city. The name of our School is National School. It is located near
the temple of Saibaba. The building of our School is beautiful and solid. There is a beautiful garden in front
of our school. There is vast playground behind the school building we play different games after school
hours. There are good experienced and learned teachers in our School. They take utmost interest in teaching
us. They allow us to ask questions and solve our problems. There is a big laboratory. All the facilities for
experiments are available Teachers help us to conduct experiments. Students are allowed to play different
games like football, Cricket, hockey, kabaddi, basketball etc. Our school is a model School; It prepares
good citizens of our country.

V. 1. VOCABULARY
Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the help of clues given in brackets. (Completed).
1) When you blow air into balloon it becomes bigger and bigger.
2) As the train approaches the station the sound of its whistle becomes louder and louder.
3) If you practise harder and harder you will feel more and more confidant to solve the problems.
4) Man has been constructing taller and taller buildings in cities.
5) As you move away from a tree it looks smaller and smaller.

V. 2. Fill in the blanks some and others (Completed).

1) You can see shining objects in the sky at night some of them are planets others are stars.
2) There are many fruits in basket some of them are mangoes others are bananas.
3) After the bell some boys went out to play others went home.
4) There are a few books on the table some of them are text books others are not.
5) Some of the apples in the basket are good others are bad.

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 V. 3. Fill in the blanks choosing appropriate towards from the words given in brackets.
Last week I went to shop to buy, a pair of trousers. I bought one and returned home. When I tried to wear
it, I found that it was rather loose so I went to the shop in hurry. But he shop keeper was out. So I had to
wait for half an hour. When he returned, I shouted at him "see how big it is. It fights an elephant." He
replied coolly looking at my pot belly. Therefore we offered it to you sir.
V.A. Fill the the blanks using antonyms of the word in italics. (completed)
1) Krishna was rich king while his friend was a poor man.
2) Madanika is tall bat her brothers is short.
3) Radhika is strong but her sister is week.
4) Silk is soft iron is hard.
5) I can remember stories but forget lessons.
V. 5. Classify the following Into prefixes and suffixes.
Prefixes suffixes
Mislead Useless
Non-cooperation tasteful
Antisocial developments
Incorrect unable
ex minister childish
purpose declaration
Subdivision friendship
Submissive

V.6. Fill in the blanks with appropriate prefixes choosing from the ones given above (vs)
1) The School re-opens on June 1.
2) Menish eats meat. He is a non-Vegetarian.
3) Terrorists are anti-social.
4) Bakra Nangal is multipurpose project.
5) Plastic chairs are in-expensive.

V. 7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate suffixes. Choosing from ones given above in V-5
1) He was comfortable in his seat on the train.
2) He was acting in a very childish way.
3) She looked at her reflection in the mirror.
4) India has won the champion ship at Sharjah.
5) The rate of employment in India has been rising steadily.

Poetry 1
Beauty E-Yeh-Shure
C1. Answer the following questions.
1. List out the things where beauty can be seen during the day.
The Sunlight, the tree, the birds, growing corn, people working and dancing.
2. Poet Says ‘beauty is heard in the night’. Pick out any two things of beauty from the poem that are
seen at night.
Wind sighing, rain falling.
3. Read the first and second stanzas of the poem again. Note the following phrases. Corn growing,
people working of dancing, wind sighing, rain falling, a singer chanting……
These could be written as
 Corn that is growing

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  People who are working of dancing.
Can you rewrite the other phrases like this? Why do you think the poet uses the shorter phrases?
Wind that was sighing, rain that was falling, as singer who is chanting,
4. The poet says ‘Beauty is seen’ and ‘Beauty is heard.’ List out the beautiful things you have seen
or heard. ‘Beauty is seen’- Flower, rainbow, forest, dancing peacock.
‘Beauty is heard.’- waterfall sound, birds singing, roaring waves.
5. The Poet says ‘Beauty is in yourself.’ What things does she mention here? When does she want us
to follow them?
Good deeds, happy thoughts that repeat themselves in your dreams.

Prose 2
Sir C.V. Raman.
C I. Answer the following questions.
1) Who were Raman's Parents?
Chandrashekara Iyer and Parvathi Ammal were Raman's parents.
2) Why was Raman not able to attend the school regularly?
Raman was not able to attend the school regularly
because he used to fall sick now and then.
3) Where did he complete his Intermediate examination? He completed his intermediate examination
from Hindu college.
4) What subjects did his relative advise him to take for B.A.?
His relatives advised him to take History and Economics for B.A.
5) Why could not Raman go to the United Kingdom for higher studies?
Raman could not go to United Kingdom for higher studies because his health broke down again.

C II. Answer the following questions.

1) How long did he work at Calcutta University?
He worked for fifteen years at Calcutta University.
2) What made Raman give up the highly paid post of special Accountant General?
His keen interest in science made him to give up the post of special Accountant general.
3) How did Soviet Union honour him?
The Soviet Union honoured him by awarding the international Lenin prize.

C. III. Read the following questions then write.

1) What makes you think that Raman even as a boy had great interest in Science?
Even as a boy Raman had made the model of dynamo. He was very much interested in Science. During
his school days he borrowed science books from college students and read them.
2) Why did Raman’s relatives ask Raman to take up arts subject? How did Raman react to it?
His relatives asked him to take up arts subjects, which would enable him to appear for competitive
examination and get highest job in the Government. But Raman did not like it. He took science for his
B.A: and M.A. examination and secured first class.
4) What was Raman's first dis appointment in life?
After his M.A. Raman wanted to go to the United Kingdoms for higher studies in science. But his health
broke down again and he could not go. This was the greatest dis appointment in his life.
4) Why was Raman not happy with the post of Deputy Accountant General?
Raman was not happy how could a scientist like Raman put up with the life of Deputy Accountant
General? He felt like a fish out of water in his new post. But he still hopes of becoming a scientist.
5) How can you say that Raman had not lost interest in science when he was the Deputy Accounted

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 6

 General? Raman's interest for science was alive when he saw a banner in a building which was printed.
"The Indian Association of scientists". At the sight of the banner Raman got off the moving train and
went to meet the scientists. In Rangoon he learnt that an institution had bought a piece of modern scientific
apparatus he hurriedly put on his clothes and went to that his interest in science was still alive and he had
not lost interest in Science.

Vocabulary
V1 Fill in the blanks with the words opposite in meaning to the words under lined.
1) We should neither borrow nor lend.
2) Why do you feel old? Feel young.
3) Don't stand outside come inside.
4) Are wealthy people really happy or unhappy/sad?
5) Eat less work more.
V-2. The pronounciation of the following pairs of woods are almost the same but they differ in
meaning use each word in the pair in meaningful sentences.
2) knew, new
Knew: He knew about the great scientits of the world.
New: We wear new clothes on the days of festivals.
3) Sight - site
Sight: Raju saw beautiful sight near Banvasi.
site: My father purchased a site near Saibaba's temple.
4) Some - sum
Some: Some students attended the class but others did not attend.
Sum: This sum is very difficult to solve.
5) Plays - Place
Plays: Last sunday many plays were enacted Mantap.
Place: I don't know the place of his residence.

V-3. Fill in blanks with suitable phrasal verbs or idioms: (make up, put up with, give up, put on, a
fish out of water, make out, break down)
1) We usually put on cotton clothes during summer.
2) One day a villager came to me and asked me to read the letter. I tried my best but could not make out
what the person had written.
3) Great persons have an ocean of patience. They have learnt to put up with difficulties.
4) Raju's health used to break down now and then. So he had to give up highly paid post as Accountant in
an office. At first he felt like a fish out of water.
5) People should make up their mind to fight against corruption.

V-4. Make compound words with the words given in column. A and B and use the same in
meaningful sentences of your own.
1) Boyhood: Gopal was interested in science in his boyhood.
2) Time table: Our school has not yet prepared the timetable.
3) First class : Raman passed his B.A. examination in First Class.
4) Speed post: Send your letter by speed post it is very urgent.
5) Class mate: Raju is my classmate we study together.

V-5. Which words I Phrases in the text mean more or less the same as the following? Paragraph
numbers are given in the brackets.

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 1) Boyhood - early days
2) Uncomfortable - feel like a fish out of water
3) Chance - opportunity
4) Happily - gladly
5) Not remember - forgot
6) Morning food - breakfast
7) Money permitted to be drawn for expense travelling allow once.
8) Sympathy - pity

V-6. Give the negative form of the underlined words using a prefix like in un, dis, im.
1) an interesting story - an uninteresting story
2) a fortunate thing - an unfortunate thing
3) a correct answer - an in correct answer
4) a pure heart - an impure heart
5) a happy day - an un happy day
6) an honest person - a dis honest person.

V-7. Fill in the blanks with noun forms of the underlined words.
1) The teacher dictates notes. The teacher gave us dictation.
2) Admit suresh to VIII standard.
Let Suresh get admission to VIII standard.
3) Literates should educate villagers. Literates should give educations to villagers.
4) Appoint him.
Give him an appointment.
5) Have you decided Where to go? Have you taken decision where to go?

V-8. Fill in the blanks with appropriate forms of the words given in brackets.
1) The speaker accepted the resignation of the legislator.
2) We should not have too much attachment to anything.
3) The discovery of the sea route to India was made by Vasco-da-Gama.
4) The Teacher admired the honesty of Manjula.
5) Have a Scientific outlook.
6) Please don't cause inconvenience to others.
7) Make meaningful sentences.
8) Why are you Afraid of the examination?
9) Chemistry is an interesting subject.

Poetry 2
THE LITTLE BUSY BEE.
- Issac Watts.
C.1.Answer the following questions:
1) Who is the poet speaking about?
The poet is speaking about a little busy bee.
2) Why does the bee sit on the flower?
The bee sits on the flower to collect honey.
3) How does bee build her cell?
The bee builds her cell skill fully.
4) 'I' would be busy too who does refer to

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 8

 The ‘I’ refers to the poet.
5) What does sweet food mean in the context?
In the context sweet food means honey.
6) When does Satan manage to work through?
The Satan manages to work through when we are idle.

C2. Pick out the best alternative for each of the following statements.
1) People like the bee because.
c) It works hard.
2) And labours hard to store it well.
b) the honey.

C 3. Read and Discuss your responses with your partner then write.
1) Why does the poet call be busy?
The bee is always working. It spends each shining hour and makes, the good use of it. Every day it
gathers honey from the opening flower. so poet calls the bee busy bee.
3) "Let my first years be passed"
a) What does first years refer to-
First year refers to the early years or boyhood of the poet.
b) How does the poet want to spend his first year?
Poet wants to spend his first year in books or work or healthy play.
c) Why does he want to do so?
He wants to do so because after his first years he wants to work hard and give the account of his work on his
last day.
3) How can you say that the bee is intelligent and clever?
The bee skilfully builds her cell, it neatly spreads her wax and labours hard to store it and makes sweet food
out of it. That is why bee is intelligent and clever.
4) What is admirable about the work of the bee?
The bee is always busy. It works hard. It is never idle. It uses every hour for its work. Therefore we admire
its work.
5) Why does the poet want us to be like the bee?
The poet wants us to be like be because we must be always busy like bee and we should never be idle.
6) Why should we not keep ourselves idle? What will happen it we are idle?
If we are idle satan finds some mischief for the idle hand to do.
7) What is the message of the poem?
The bee is always busy. It builds the hive very skillfully and stores sweet honey in it. Like the bee we too
must be busy and always do useful work. This is the message of the poem.
8) Which lines do you like the best in the poem? Give reasons for your choice.
I like the lines. How skilfully she builds her cell ............. with the sweet food she makes.
I like these lines because poet describes the hard labour, cleverness and neatness of the bee. After such
hard labour it gives sweet food.
9) Pick out the rhyming words in the poem and add more words.
hour - flower
cell - well - fell - tell skill, still, bill, till
play, every day, may, pay.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 9

 Prose 3
Jamaican Fragment-
A. L. Hendricks.
C1- Answer the following questions.
1) Why was the morning walk pleasant to Mr. A.L. Hendricks?
Morning walk was pleasant to him because he could see on either side, red and green roofed bungalows
green lawns and gardens.
2) The exercise is good for me says the narrator what was that exercise?
The exercise was walking half a mile from his home to rail tracks lines in the morning and from the lines to
his home in the evening.
3) What did narrator notice one morning?
Narrator noticed two boys were playing in the garden of the more modest cottages.
4) How did the smaller boy behave while playing with bigger boy?
The little white boy walked majestically up and down and every now and then shouted in a commanding to
at his black playmate. The black boy did what he was told.
C.2. Answer the following questions.
1) What sight surprised the narrator the next day?
The next day when author went to the spot where the boys were playing now the dark boy was
commanding while white younger did everything. The little dark boy was striding imperiously up and
down the lawn, white boy walked abjectly behind. This sight surprised the author.
2) What were the two commands given by the black boy
to the while boy?
The two commands given by black boy to the white were. "Give me a banana" and 'peel it for me'
3) Why was the white man surprised at the narrator's outburst?
The white man surprised because he came to know the narrator did not know that the boys were his sons
and they were brothers.
4) Why do you think the narrator smiled at the end?
The narrator thought that the white were still bossing the blacks. When he saw the play of boys for the
first time, he thought about the racial discrimination. The whole day he thought next day when he found
the white boy serving dark boy everything was clear. He came to know that it was the game that the boys
were playing. He was happy when heard that the boys were brothers. He smiled and expressed his
happiness.

C. 3. Some statements are given below some are true and some are false write 'T' or 'F' in the box
provided against each sentences accordingly.
1) The bigger boy was black. (True)
2) The black boy ordered the white boy to pick up that stick. (False)
3) The white boy sat on the lawn. (True)
4) The two boys were not dressed alike. (False)
5) The little boys were playing when the narrator passed by in the afternoon (False).
6) The next day a man was playing with boys (False)
7) The game that the two boys played was the same game the author had played during his child hood
(True)
8) I know what you are thinking said the man standing at the gate to the narrator (False)
9) The Father of the boys was white and mother was brown (True)
10) 92% of Jamaica is inhabited by the blacks (False)

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 10

 C.4. Choose the correct answer. For each of the statements four alternatives are given as answers.
Choose the best alternative.
1) The two boys in the story are
(b) brothers
2) The commands that the white boy gave to the black boy - they were.
(C) Three in number.
3) The black boy had mat of coarse hair in his head Coarse means.
(a) Rough
4) Only we grown - ups are silly the question fag to the statement is
(a) aren't we?
5) The white boy had hazel eys hazel means.
(a) reddish brown
C.5. Read and discuss your responses with your partner.
1) What similarities and differences can you make out between the two boys?
Similarities- Both boys were little, both the boys were sturdy, both were dressed alike.
Differences- one was four years old the other five. The bigger was black with a mat of coarse hair on
his head and black eyes. He was definitely little Jamaican. The other boy was smaller. He was white with
hazel eyes and light brown hair.
2) What were three commands did the boy give to the small?
The three commands the big gave were
1. 'pick up that stick.'
2. 'Jump into the flowers’
3. ‘Get.me some water'.
3) The author could find no answer to some questions. Which are those questions?
The questions were whether it was even as a boy he had sensed his own country he would be at the
white man's back and call. If he could make difference between himself and the white boy. If he thought
that he could boss over the black man. The author did not find answers to the above questions.
4) Why was the narrator surprised next morning?
Next morning when the narrator came to the spot he was surprised because then dark boy was
commanding while the little white youngster did everything. The little dark boy was striding imperiously up
and down on the lawn, while the white youngster walked abjectly behind him.
5) How did the two boys behave while playing?
The little white boy walking majestically up and down, and every now and then shouted in a
commanding tone at his bigger playmate. The little brown boy dragged on quietly behind him and did what
he was told.
6) What made the narrator think that the black boy could be the son of a servant or a classmate of
the white boy?
Noticing the colour, eyes and hair of the both
boys author came to the conclusion that the black boy must be son of the servant of the white boy. The
black boy obeyed the commands of the white boy and did what the white boy told him.
7) What were the two points that the narrator wanted to clarify to the white man?
Narrator wanted to clarify that, the white boy was not commanding the black and the two boys were
playing a game. He told the white man that we grown-ups were silly.
8) The two boys though brothers, differed in their colour. What might be the reason?
The reason is that though their father was a white man their mother was a brown woman.
9) If you were the white man, how would you read to the narrators comment?
I would have clearly told the narrator that his ideas were wrong. There was no discrimination
between the black and the white. The white man would never boss over the black in our country.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 11

 VOCABULARY
V I. Column 'A' has the names of the countries. Choose the correct nationality from the list given
below and write in column.
A B
Portugal Portuguese
Britain British
France French
Thailand Thai
Sweden Swedish
Holland Dutch Switzerland Swiss Greece Greek
Israel Israelite
Nepal Nepalese.
V.2. Guess and give the meaning of the words underlined in the table given.
1) The stipulated period of 12 years was coming to a close.
2) How can I perform the fire sacrifice?
3) Pandavas wanted to quench their thirst they went in search of water.
4) After seeing all his brothers dead yudhisthira was drowned in sorrow.
5) Yaksha was pleased with the answers given by Yadhisthira.

A B
Stipulated Condition agreement
perform do, discharge
quench satisfy
drowned drenched sunk
pleased delighted

V 3. Read the following conversation and use the appropriate word from the ones given in brackets.
Patient: Doctor the wound in my heel pains me
Doctor: Dont worry it heal up after treatment (will, heel) You are diabetic and weak, so it may take one
week
(week, weak)
Patient: Excuse me a word with you doctor. I don't know whether it is fair to ask you this question (fair,
fare)
Doctor: Oh! Don’t worry tell me what it is.
Patient: I have not money to pay the bus fare (fair, fare) I'm sorry doctor. I forgot to tell you that. last
week I lost your prescription class (last, lost).
Doctor : Ok No problem I will give you both.

V 4. Fill in the blanks with words that have similar pronunciation as the words under lined.
1} Pam panna and somanna are good friends. The former is a farmer and the latter is a businessman.
2} The thief wanted to steal. But the doors were locked he broke open the lock with a steel rod.
3) "Come here" said the teacher but the student did not
hear.
4} Mandanna your answer is quite right but for a moment will you keep quiet.
4) Rashmi gave birth to a male child in Bangalore. He husband who was in mysore came by the mail
train.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 12

 V.5. We can form the opposites by adding prefixes to words.
1) Sunitha is regular to the class but Sushema is irregular.
2) Rama Murthy's answer is correct but Narayan's is in correct.
3) Sita's way of expressing facts is proper but Lakshmi's in improper.
4) All should respect the national flag no one' should disrespect it.
5) The competition was very tough. It was Rahul's fortune that he won but it was sanjay's misfortune that
he lost.

Poetry 3
NO MEN ARE FOREIGN
– James Kirkup.
C.1. Answer the following questions.
1) What does the poet remind us of in first line of the poem?
In the first line of the poem the poet reminds us that no men are strange and no countries foreign.
2) What according to the poet are we doing when we hate others?
When we hate others we wage war against them and impure our earth and air. We harm the innocent
people on earth.
3) What are the two bad effects of war?
If we wage war against each other. It is the human earth that we. our hells of fire and dust outrage the
innocence.

C.2. Read and discuss your responses with your partner.

1) How do you think we are treated alike by nature? Nature allows us to walk in the same land, It gives
us food and all of us in this land face difficulties during hard days. At last we die in the same earth.
2) Read the third stanza carefully what message does the
poet want to convey.
The poet wants to convey that we are all same; we have same eyes. We all sleep and awake. He gives the
message that strength can be won by love.
3) Do you agree with the poet that we should wage no war. How do you justify that?
We agree with the poet that we should wage no war. War is the main cause for destruction hatred cruelty. It
spoils the earth. It is the symbol of betrayal and cruelty.
4) Some are of the opinion that the poet might have written this poem after witnessing the bad
effects of the II world war.
Mention some of the lines in the poem to support your answer.
Remember, we who-take arms against each other. It is the human earth that we defile out hells of fire and
dust outrage the innocence. These lines support the answer.
5) Briefly described how a war spoils everything.
War creates hatred. It spoils the feeling of brother hood and love. Crores of people will be killed and
wounded Food production is slow. People have to starve. Beautiful buildings, bridges water resources.
Industries will be destroyed. Prises will raise. The man's life becomes very hard. The whole world will
become a desert.
Prose 4
THE BOY WHO ASKED FOR MORE.
- Charles Dickens.
I. Answer the followiing questions.
1) Where was Oliver twist born?
Oliver twist was born in the poor house of a little country town.
2) Who were present when Oliver was born?

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 13

 A doctor and a poor and experienced woman were present when Oliver was born.
3) What happened to the mother as soon as the child was born?
As soon as the child was born the mother died
4) What did the mother look like while she was alive? The mother was a young and good looking
woman while she was alive.
5) Who was Mr. Bumble?
Mr. Bumble was beadle of town.
6) How did Mr. Bumble treat the children?
He starved and ill-treated the children under his care.
7) What did oliver's friends want him to ask the master.
They persuaded Oliver to ask more from the master.

2. Answer the following questions.

1) How were the children fed in the house?
The children were fed in a large stone hall, with a big metal basin at the end. The master stood by the
basin and served each child with a small bowl of watery gruel.
2) Why was a council held by the boys? What did they decide in it?
Boys did not get enough food in the poor house. They were always hungry. So they held a council in
which it was decided to ask more. Oliver twist was appointed to ask more of the master.
3) What did Oliver ask his master for?
Oliver asked his master for more food.
4) How did the master react to the request of Oliver?
The master aimed a blow at his head seized him by his arms and shouted for the beadle.
5) What was the punishment that Oliver got for asking for more?
As punishment for his greed and boldness Oliver was immediately locked in room to spend the night
alone.
6) What did Mr. Bumble ultimately decide to do with Oliver?
He ultimately decided to drive out Oliver from the poor house and declared that reward of five pounds
would be given to the person who would take Oliver away from the poor house.
7) What was Oliver's crime according to Mr. Bumble? According to Mr. Bumble Oliver’s crime was
asking for more.

3. Read and discuss responses with your partner.

1) Briefly explain the circumstances under which Oliver twist was born.
Oliver was born in the poor house of a little country town on a cold black night in the winter of 1837. His
birth was attended by a doctor who was hastily called for the purpose and by an old paper woman who was
experienced in such matters.
2) How can you say that Oliver’s mother was a poor woman?
She had been found lying in the street. It was clear that she had walked some distance before she died. Her
shoes had been torn to pieces. Where she had come form or where she had been going nobody knew so we
can say that Oliver's mother was a poor woman.
3) What kind of a man was Mr. Bumble?
Mr. Bumble was a cruel man. He thought himself a very great man indeed. He starved and ill-treated the
children under his care.
4) Why were the boys always hungry?
The boys were always hungry because they were given to eat a small bowl of watery gruel. This was not
enough for them. They had no courage to ask for more, so they were always hungry.
5) How did the children plan themselves to satisfy their hunger?

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 14

 The boys held a council. Oliver twist was appointed to walk up to the master after supper and to ask for
more in this way they wanted to satisfy their hunger thinking that the master would meet the demand of
Oliver.
6) What was the result of Oliver request for more food? When the master heard Oliver’s demand he
could not believe his own years. He turned very pale at this. He aimed a blow at Oliver’s head seized
him by arms and shouted for Mr. Bumble. Mr. Bumble rushed in and was excited and said that the poor
boy would be hung. Oliver was kept alone in a room the whole night.
7) Why did Mr. Bumble got a notice pasted outside the gate? Explain
Mr. Bumble thought that Oliver was bold and greedy. No body had questioned his authority so he decided
to drive Oliver out of the poor house by pasting a notice outside the gate. He did not like that other boys
should follow the example and his authority would be shaken
8) Sum up Oliver's birth and life in the-poor house.
Oliver was born on a cold winter night in 1837 in a poor house. As soon as he was born he lost his
mother.
His life at the poor house was miserable. He was always hungry. as he did not get enough food to eat. He
was ill- treated. Oliver's 9th birth day found him a pale, thin child who had hardly known a kind word or
met with a kindly look.
9) Briefly narrate the events that led to Oliver being locked up in a room.
When that evening one of bigger boys stated quite clearly that unless he had an extra bowl of
gruel he would most certainly eat the boy who slept next to him he had a wild and hungry eye, so the
smaller believed him. A council was held Oliver was appointed to walk up to the master after supper to
ask more. After the supper the boys forced Oliver to ask for more. Oliver went to the master and said
please sir I want some more. Master turned plate when he heard this he hit the boy on the head and
shouted for beadle. Mr. Bumble rushed into the room with excitement and horror. He said that he had
never heard of such tiling so as punishment for greed and boldness Oliver was immediately locked in a
room to spend the night alone

4. Match the descriptive words that go with the character.

Oliver Twist Oliver Mother Mr. Bumble
Poor hungry Poor Cruel
Pale, thin, good looking fat
miserable wicked

C 5. Look at the following headings chose the best among them for the paragraphs indicated write
then against the number.
1) Birth of an orphan
2) Death of the Mother
3) Boy's admission to poor house
4) Naming of the boy
5) Boys holding a council
6) Oliver being forced to ask for more.
7) Mr. Bumble's reaction
8) Punishment.

F. Underline the word that does not belong to thegroups in each.

1) farmer, former, doctor, teacher. Ans:- Former
2) ate, swallowed, smelt, gulped. Ans:- smelt
3) miserable, sad, agile, sorrowful Ans:- agile

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 15

 4) stated, said, narrated, heard Ans:- heard
5) quickly, hastily, rudely, immediately Ans:- rudely
6) weak. pale, robust, thin Ans:- robust.

V-2. Given below is a list of nouns some are made from verb some are not pick out those words
which are made from verbs.
Ans:-
a) movement b) amazement
c) development d)establishment
g) measurement i) astonishment
j) government.

V-3. Write down the noun forms of the followingwords.

Ans. 1) born - birth
2) suggest - suggestion
3) exist - existence
4) grow - growth
5) tire - tiredness
6) think – thought.
Poetry 4
FOR A FIVE YEAR OLD.
– Fleur Adcock.
C I. Answer the following questions.
1) Name the creature mentioned in the poem
The creature mentioned in the poem is a snail.
2) Who do you think is the speaker?
We think mother is the speaker in this poem.
3) Who is the' speaker addressing?
The speaker is addressing her five year old child
4) What does the child want his mother to see.
The child wants his / her mother to see a snail in her room.
5) What does the mother tell the child?
Mother tells the child to carry the snail outside with careful hand to eat daffodil.

C 2. Answer the following questions and share your responses from your partner.
1) Why does the mother say a kind of faith prevails?
According to the mother the old faith continues. We are going to build character of our children by ideal
words. Though it has been proved that it is not based on truth still it is carried on
2) How has the mother treated other animals?
Mother has treated other animals in very unkind manner. She had trapped the mice. Shot wild birds and
drowned her child's kitten.
3) There is a contradiction between mother's treatments towards other animals and her own relatives
and the snail.
She was very kind towards snail but very harsh and cruel to other animals and to her relatives.
4) How does the mother console herself? Read the last two lines and comment.
At the end of advice mother tells her child that how things are. It seems she is not worried about her past
action. Now she says to the child she is her mother and she wants to show kindness to the snail. The poem
reveals contradiction. We do not practise what we preach.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 16

 Prose 5
THE SAWN AND THE PRINCESS.
–A folk play.
C I. Answer the following questions and share _ your responses with your partner.
1) What was the complaint of Devadatt against prince
Siddhartha?
Devdatt complained that he had shot the swan which fell under the feet of Sidhartha and Sidhartha picked
up and did not give it to Devdatt.
2) Why did Siddhartha claim that the swan was his? Sidhartha claimed that the swan was his because
he looked after the wounded swan and saved its life.
3) How did the bird react to Devdatta's call?
When Devdatta called the bird to come near him, the bird began to tremble and cried in fear.
4) What did Siddhartha say to the swan? What did the bird do?
Siddhartha said to the bird not to be afraid of him. He asked the bird to come and sit on his arms. At once
the swan flew and sat on Siddhartha's arms.
5) What made Devdatt and Siddhartha approach the king?
Devadatt approached the king complaining that Siddhartha would not give the swan which he had shot
down. So the king sent for Siddhartha. Siddhartha told the king that the bird was his as he had protected
the life of the bird so both of them approached the king to get Justice from him.
6) How did each of them defend their actions?
Devdatt defended his action by pleading that he had shot the bird and bird must belong to him. Siddhartha
pleaded that the swan sought his protection and he saved the birds so the bird was his.
7) How did the Chief Minister resolve the dispute at the end?
The Chief Minister called both Devdatt and Siddhartha and asked Siddhartha to keep the swan on a
stool. He called Devdatt and asked him to call the bird to come to him. When Devadatt went near the bird
the bit trembled and cried with fear. It did not go near Devdutt. Then the chief minister called Siddhartha
and told him the same thing. When Siddhartha went near the bird and called it come to him without any
fear. The swan at once flew and sat on Siddhartha's arms so chief minister told the king that the swan itself
had solved problem. The king declared that the swan belonged to Siddhartha.

C 2. Put the following events in the order in which they occur in the play and write them in
paragraph. Devdatt shot on arrow at the bird.
Siddhartha nursed the bird with care Devdatt appealed to the king for Justice Devdatt
called the swan to him Siddhartha called the swan lovingly.
The swan flew into Siddhartha's arms.

C 3. After the swan had been saved by Siddhartha. It was very happy and wanted to thank the
prince.

Write an imaginery dialogue between the swan and prince siddhartha. The beginning of the dialogue
has been given.
Swan: dear Siddhartha I want to talk to you.
Siddhartha: Yes my dear what's it Tell me don't fear anyone.
Swan: Dear prince It's only because of your kindness I am still alive today.
Prince : Why do you see so?
Swan: Imagine what would have happened if you hadn’t
save me?
Prince: Don't you think it was my duty?

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 17

 Swan : May be, But all people would not do that. Any way thank you very much.
Prince : You’re welcome.

VOCABULARY:
V. 1. Some definitions are given below substitute each of them a single word using prefix given above.
1) One's own Signature autograph
2) Place of living organism biosphere
3) More than one purpose Multi-purpose
4) Effective against bacteria anti biotic
5) Half of the earth’s surface hemisphere
6) True not fiction non fiction
7) Between nations International
8) To wash before pre wash
9) Very small not visible to microscopic the naked eye

V. 2. Use correct ending with word below to complete the sentence.

Ashwin was awakened with a feeling of excitement. It was glorious day not cloudy at all. His
teacher pradeep had a guest speaker on !hat morning. Mr. Anil Kumar was an inventor of a machine and
so was famous throughout the world by a continuous study of magnetism and its forces. He was able to
develop a device to generate heat using the sun rays.

V 3. Add one letter and make a new word to mean the word given breakets.
Wonder (Surprise)
Complain (express dis satisfaction)
Strange (unusual)
Save (Protect)
Arms (Parts of body)
Belong (Possess)

V 4. Fill in the blanks with the given words using the suffixes ‘ful’ or ‘less’ appropriately.
Care-
i) Mohan usually drives on the right side of the road he is a Careless driver.
ii) The teacher is very careful while crossing the road. She looks to her right and left and always uses the
zebra crossing.
Cheer -
i) His father died just a few days before Diwali. It was Cheerless Diwali for him.
ii) My friend has many problems. He has to support a large family but he is always smiling. He is a
Cheerful person.
Thought –
I was very ill. My friend called a doctor. It was thoughtful of him.
Most young people live in present they are often thoughtless about the future.
Power -
i) A boy picked up a quarrel with a boxer. The boxer lost his temper and gave a powerful blow.
ii) I was going for a walk with my friends. Suddenly a robber pounced on me and held my arms from
behind. I felt totally powerless.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 18

 Poetry 5
SOMEBODY'S MOTHER.
- Merry Dow Brine.
C I. Answer the following questions.
1) What kind of a woman do you find in the poem?
We find the woman who was old ragged and grey. She was bent with the chill of winter's day.
2) Where was the woman standing? Why was she standing there?
The woman was standing at the cross. She wanted to cross the road.
3) Why was the woman very anxious?
The woman was anxious if she moved she would fall down the slippery road as her feet were aged and
weak. She waited long for the help but nobody came to help her.
4) What are the children compared to?
The children are compared to the flock of sheep.
5) Did the boys lend the old woman a helping hand?
The boys did not lend a helping hand to the, old woman.
6) Why was the old woman hesitating to cross the road? The old woman was hesitating to cross the
road because carriage wheels and feet of horses might knock her down.

C.2. Read and discuss your responses with your partner.

1) How did the boy help the old woman?
He took her aged hands in his strong young arm he helped her to cross the road without hurt or harm.
2) What made the boy happy?
The boy was happy and contented because he had helped a poor, aged and weak woman to cross the road.
3) What did the boy tell his friends?
The boy told his friends that she was some body's mother. She was aged, old, poor, and slow he helped
that some fellow would lend a hand to help his mother. She was poor and grey and if her own dear boy
was far away.
4) What did the old woman say in her prayers that night? Why?
The old woman said in her prayer that night "God be kind to the boy who is somebody’s son and pride and
joy" Because the boy had helped her to cross the road when others did not help her.
5) Do you like this poem? Why or why not?
I like this poem very much as it contains an universal message to help old, poor and weak.

C. 3. Answer the following as directed.

1) Pick out the rhyming word in the poem
1) grey - day 2) snow - slow 3) long - throng
4) by - eye 5) Shout - out 6) Sheep - deep
7) grey - way 8) her - stir 9) feet - street
10) troop - group 11) low - go 12) arm - harm
13) along - strong 14) Went - Content 15) know - slow
16) hand - understand 17) grey - away 18) head – said
19) boy - joy.

2) Name the figure of speech.

a) Simile - boys are compered to flock of sheep.
b) Here a part is spoken as a whole. Her aged hand on his strong young arm aged hand is the old
woman is strong young arm refers to the boy so the figure of speech here is synecdoche.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 19

 Prose 6
All the World her stage
–Sai Paranjpye.
C1. Answer the following questions.
1) Who were usually playing companions for Sai in her childhood?
Sai’s grandfather wrangler ‘.P. Paranjpye was her playing companion.
2) Who was affectionately called Appa.
Sai's grandfather was affectionately called 'Appa'.
3) When was the grandfather very much impressed by Sai’s ability.
When she narrated a fairy tale of her own creation her grandfather was impressed by her talents.
4) What was sai's first published book.
Sais first published book was a fairy tale book, called "Mulancha Mera"
5) 'Sai Froze' when did it happen?
'Sai Froze' when she stepped on a book.

C.2. Answer the following questions.

1) How could sai draw the attention of the playmates while they made fun of her?
When her friends made fun of her she sadly sat by the side lines. Soon her face brightened she cried out.
She knew of a lovely game. It's a magic island full of Children treasure. The friends came to her and
listened to her storyand they were all attracted by her tale.
2) What fascinated Sai as a child?
Fairy tales fascinated Sai as a child.
3) Why the word 'mother' given within inverted commas in 16th and 17th paragraphs.
The word 'mother' is given in inverted commas as Sai played the role of bride's mother in dolls marriage.

C 3. Some statements are given below some are true and some are false. Tick off 'T' or 'F' Also
indicate in the box the paragraph numbers in which you can find your answer.
1) Sai looked very athletic (False) (12)
2) Sai used to tell fantastic stories to her friends. (True) (14)
3) Even as child Sai published a book. (True) (8)
4) Her grandfather did not take it seriously when she stepped on a book. (False) (10)
5) Pranjpye was a 'Senior Wrangler' (True) (2)
6) One of the Maharastrian Children's game is marriage of dolls (True) (15)
7) Sai told a story to her grandfather (True) (4)
8) Sai learnt to regard books with respect (True) (11)

C 4. Some important events in the story are given in a jumbled order. Put them in the order in
which they are given in the text.
 The usual sight of grandpa and sai playing to get her.
 Sai telling a story to her grandfather
 Grandfather telling her to treat books with respect
 Sai's drawing the attention of the play mates
 The wedding of the dolls.

C 5. Read and discuss and write.

1) Describe how grandfather and sai enjoyed other's company?
Every morning Sai went skipping with her grandfather. Her grandfather tolds her fables and put simple
mathematical problems. They laughed, talked and had a great time.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 20

 2) Why was grandfather very much impressed by sai's
story ?
The fairy tale that sai told to grandfather was full of dragons and princes. Talking parrots and hidden
gold. The story was very interesting therefore her grandfather was very much impressed.
3) What do you think the great achievement of Sai as a child?
When she was only eight she published a book of fairy tales. 'Mulancha Mera'. This is her great
achievement as a child.
4) Describe the incident in the library.
One day Sai by mistake stepped on a book. Her grandfather told her to ask the forgiveness of the book.
According to him kicking a book was kicking knowledge. So sai bent and did Namaskar.
5) How was Sai able to win over her friends?
When her friends made fun of Sai she sat on the side line sadly. At one she cried her face brightened Ha I
know of a lovely game. Its magic island fun of hidden treasure When her playmates heard this they came
to her and listened to her story and were attracted by it. That is how sai was able to win over her friends.
6) What surprise awaited Sai one day as she came back from school?
When Sai returned form the School. The whole house looked like marriage hall. Before she could say
anything she was dressed like a mother of the bride. The bands arrived the groom road on real horse bride
was brought by chanting mantras. That was the surprise awaited Sai one day when she returned from the
school.

C 6. Write a paragraph on each of the following topics.

1) Sai's talents even as child:
Sai was talented even as a child. When she was six or seven years old she made up fairy tale herself
and told it to her grandfather. When she was only eight she published a book 'Mulancha Mera' which
contained the fairy tales written by her. These examples show her talents even as a child.
2) Lessons she learnt from her grant father:
She learnt the art of telling fairy tales from her grandfather. She also learnt to respect books from
him. She herself wrote fairy tales.
3) The incident of wedding of dolls :
Sai asked her mother she wanted some fun on the same day she was surprised when she returned
from the school. Her house looked like marriage hall. Sai was dressed in bride’s mother dress. Bridge
groom came riding on the real horse. Bands arrived. Bride was brought with all religious chanting.

VOCABULARY:

V 1. Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate word chosen from among the ones given in brackets.
Sai was fond of telling stories. Her grandfather was impressed by this talent of her. Thought she
was not good at sports. She used to entertain her friends with her tales of fancy. Even as a child she had
published a book of fairy tales.

V 2. Some terms that describe people have been given below. Choose them under desirable and not
desirable categories :
Desirable Not desirable
Creative, Complaining, short
imaginative, tempered, lazy,
social, spirited
jovial. glum, lethargic, double
tongued, jealous.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 21

 V 3. Give the antonyms of the following and use them in blanks appropriately.
An tall man appeared on the stage walking slowly at the end of the play just before the close of the play.
Soon the audience stood up and as the lights were on. In that bright light, they could see the director a old
man with imposing figure.

V 4. Give the negative form of these words using a prefox, change the article if necessary.
a familiar sight an unfamiliar sight
1) a used towel an un used towel
2) a prepared speech an unprepared speech
3) an attentive soldier an inattentive soldier
4) a successful attempt an un successful attempt
5) an organised show a dis organised show
6) a satisfied person a dis satisfied person

Poetry 6
COROMANDEL FISHERS.
- Sarojini Naidu.
C1. Answer the following questions.
1) What sort of sounds can one hear early in the morning?
One can hear the sound of the leader of the fisherman calling his fellow men to arise and start their work.
2) How is the wind described in line two?
Wind is described as if it sleeps in the arms of dawn.
3) Why are the nets to be gathered?
Nets are to gathered to catch the fish.
4) What do you think is the wealth to the fishermen? The wealth of fishermen is leaping wealth of the
tide. That is fish.

C2. Read and discuss then write.

1) What do you understand from the first line of the poem, 'The wakening skies pray to the
morning light"?
It is still dawn but light is not clear. So the skies pray the sun to brighten his light. So that people might
start their daily work.
2) The poet says, 'Let us set our catamarans free.' What does it mean?
Usually after their work in the evening fishermen tie their boats for the purpose of safety. Next day when
they start their work they untie them, free for their work.
3) What happens if the fishermen are late in their work. Wind will begin to blow. It will disturb their
work before wind starts to below they have to start their work. The early morning it suitable to work as it
is calm and quiet.
4) Why does the poet say:
a) the sea is our mother: The fishermen are born near sea and brought up there. Like mother the sea
feeds them. They get fish from the sea and fish are their wealth. They earn their livelihood by eating,
selling, transporting the fish therefore they call the sea their mother.
b) the cloud is our brother,: Cloud helps them during their work. It will not let out the rain which hinders
their work.
c) the waves are our comrades all? - Waves help the
fishers by controlling their speed so that the boats of the fishers will not be drowned. Therefore fishers

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 22

 call them as their brothers.

C3. Answer the following in a paragraph:

1) The poet describes many things as sweet what are they among them what is considered to be the
sweetest?
The things those are sweet 1) Shade of the groves of the coconut trees. 2) Scent of mango groves 3)
sands at the full '0' moon (4) sound of the voice of their relatives that they love 5) the kiss of the spray
and dance of the wild foam's glee. Sweetest among them is the kiss of the spray and dance of wild
foam's glee.

C4. Name the figure of speech used in the following sentences.

1) The wakening skies pray to the morning light. -
Personification.
2) The wind lies asleep in the arms of the dawn like a child. - Simile
3) The sea is our mother. -Metaphor
4) The cloud is our brother. -Metaphor
5) The waves are our comrades all. – Metaphor.

C5. List out the rhyming words in the poems.

Light – Night, Free – Sea, Call – all,
drives – lives, grove - love gle - sea.

Prose 7
The Emperor’s New Clothes
[Play based on a folk tale]

C1. Some statements are given below. Some are true and some are false. Tick off 'T' or 'F' before
them. Also indicate the scene number in which you can find your answer True.
1) I want tailors who will make me clothes. F (S-1)
2) We require large quantity of the finest silk and purest gold thread. T (S-1)
3) I shall were the new clothes in coronation that I am expected to lead F (S-1)
4) Only the gentlemen who are fit for their jobs can see the clothes. T (S-II)
5) I must send my special Assistant to see what really is happening here. T (S-II)
6) The courtiers showed great surprise to see the Emperor. T (S-IV)
7) When emperor reaches the balcony there was pin drop silence T (S-IV)

C2. Some of important events in the play are given in a jumbled order. Put them in the order in
which they are in the text.
1) The Emperor wears the new clothes and walk towards the balcony.
The emperor is fond of wearing new clothes.
2) The Chief Adviser visits the looms to inspect weaving.
The emperor wants a different set of clothes
3) The special assistant pays a visit to see how the weavers are preparing the new clothes.
He orders to find a new tailor to stich his clothes.
4) The Emperor wants a different set of clothes.
The two tailors visit the palace.
S) He orders to find a new tailor to stitch his clothes.
The chief adviser visits the looms to inspect weaving.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 23

 6) The Emperor is fond of wearing new clothes.
The special assistant pays a visit to see how the weavers are preparing clothes.
7) The two tailors visit the palace.
The emperor wears the new clothes and walks to wards balcony.
8) A little child cries out that the Emperor has no clothes on and he is as naked as a baby.
A child cries out that the emperor has no clothes on and he is as naked as baby.

C 3. Four alternatives are given for each of following questions/ incomplete statements choose the
most appropriate one.
1) The Emperor was fond of
c) Wearing new clothes
2) The tailors who came to the emperor's place claimed that they were:
d) magic tailors
3) The weavers told the Emperor that they required
a) the finest silk and the purest gold thread
4) According to the weavers, the clothes made by them could be seen by
c) wise men fit for their jobs.
5) Who cried out with laughter that the king was as naked as a baby?
c) a child.

Read and Write :

C4. Read and discuss your responses with your partner. Then wirte.
1) Why was the Emperor not able to give much time to the business of his kingdom?
The emperor spent so many hours in his dressing room every day trying out new clothes that the emperor
had no time. So he was not able to give much time for the business of his kingdom.
2) Why did the Emperor want a new set of clothes every day?
To the emperor new clothes meant more than anything in the world. He was proud and foolish. Therefore
he wanted new clothes every day.
3) What did the chief adviser tell about the two weavers?
The chief adviser told the emperor that those weavers
had found a secret way of weaving the finest silk cloth and making most beautiful clothes from the cloth
that they did weave.
4) What did the two weavers say about the magic way of making beautiful silk cloth?
The weaver said that they have no new clothes to show the emperor but they would explain how they had
discovered a magic way of making the most beautiful silk cloth It would be finely woven and it had so
many rich colours and also such attractive patterns that only a great emperor like him could wear the cloth
made by them.
5) How would the clothes made of the magic cloth be different from the ordinary clothes that
people wear? The cloth woven by them was quite different from the ordinary cloth because only those
who were clever and fit for their jobs would see what the emperor wore. But fools would not be able see it.
6) Why did the Emperor think that the weavers had given him an excellent idea?
Weavers told him by wearing that magic cloth king would be able to judge who was foolish and unfit
among his ministers and officials so the Emperor thought that they had given him an excellent idea.
7) What conditions did the weavers lay down for starting the work?
They demanded purest silk cloth golden thread and jewels to start their work.
8) How did the two weavers start their work on the two looms?
The two weavers started their work by pretending to weave. They did not work at all. They put away all
the silk cloth, gold and jewels given by the emperor in their bags.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 24

 9) Why was the Chief Adviser greatly surprised when he first saw them working?
The chief adviser was greatly surprised when he visited their room, because he did not see any cloth on
the looms.
10) How did the weavers try to confuse the Chief Adviser?
When the Chief adviser came to them they began to describe the colours, back ground pattern of the cloth
but the chief adviser did not see any cloth there. He was confused.
11) What made the Chief Adviser feel worried about his own fitness for the post he was holding?
The weavers had said that only wise and fit people would see the cloth but the chief adviser did not see it
so he was worried about his intelligence and fitness.
12) Why did the Adviser's Special Assistant consider his experience to be terrible?
He considered his experience horrible because he thought himself if he was a fool or unfit for the job. But
he decided keep the secret himself.
13) How did the two weavers pretend to make Emperor's new clothes and help him to wear them?
They did not prepare or work. They were showing actions as if they were weaving. When the king went in
to his dressing room the weavers made some noise rustling noise of the cloth as if they were helping the
emperor to wear the new clothes.
14) Why did the Chief Adviser request the Emperor to show himself on the balcony?
Ans. The Chief adviser requested the emperor that the people were getting out side to see him in his new
clothes. It would please them very much if he showed them himself on the balcony before the procession
started.
15) What was the Emperor's reply to his request?
The emperor replied that he had just put on wonderful clothes those tailors had made for him. He would
come as soon as he was ready.
16) How did the courtiers behave when the Emperor walked towards the balcony almost naked?
The Courtiers showed great surprise to see the emperor having little clothes on his body. But no one said
anything because they had been mind that only wise people would be able to see the Emperor's new cloth
and the fools and the people who were unfit for their posts would not see them.
17) What happened when the Emperor reached the balcony?
When the emperor reached the balcony there was pin drop silence. Then the voice of a little child was
heard with laughter it said emperor had no clothes on at all. The child asked his father if the Emperor had
become poor and he did not have money to buy clothes.

C5. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph.

1) The Emperor has been described as proud and foolish.
But he has another serious weakness which is shown in his behaviour towards his Chief Adviser.
Write a paragraph describing the Emperor's character.
Emperor in spite of being proud and foolish he was very fond of new clothes. Every day he
wanted new clothes to wear to him new clothes meant more than anything In the world. Indeed he spent
so many hours every day in his dressing room
2) Imagine you are the child who laughed at the king at the end of the story. Narrate the scene to
your friends, and write the narration.
At that time I was a child of four or five years. My father was in service of the kingdom. One day he told
me a great procession was conducted in the palace the emperor himself would lead the procession and
another interesting thing that he told me that tailors from distant place had prepared magic clothes for the
Emperor would wear them and lead the procession. With great joy I went to the palace with my father.
There was a big crowd that was shouting and laughing. They were eager to look at the emperor’s new
clothes. We came to know that emperor had come out from his dressing room and was advancing towards
balcony to show his dress to the people: I sat on the shoulders of my father I could see clearly Emperor

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 25

 came out. My father pointed out that he was the emperor. I was surprised because he had on clothes on
his body he was almost naked as naked as a baby. All the people, courtiers were silent but I could not
control my feelings. I shouted loudly to my father why the king was naked had he become poor had he no
money to buy the clothes. May father kept mum.
3) The weavers tricked the Emperor. Do you think what they did was right?
The weavers tricked the Emperor they were right because they taught a lesson to the foolish and proud
emperor who spent his time in wearing new clothes every day and neglecting the affairs of his state. But
the way in which they tricked the emperor was not advisable as they looted silk, gold and Jewels from
his kingdom it was not right. They might have found any other method to mend and foolish attitude of
the Emperor.

VOCABULARY:
VI. Make as many phrases as possible and use them in sentences of your own.
1) The book of Grammar and composition is very useful for students to refer.
2) Yesterday I read a digest written on the VIII English I found it quite useless.
3) They told him a story with some purpose. They admired the book without reading it.
4) Raju's advice is useful/ useless. He did not follow Raju’s advice; as + was meaningless.
5) The product produced in the factory was helpful. But the cost of the product was high. we did not it use
of we were helpless.
6) My friend told me an incident with a purpose. I found it purpose less.
7) The agreement between Rama and Sita was hopeful As they could not fellow it was hopeless.
7) The discussion between the ministers was fruitful in the beginning but at the end it was fruitless.
8) The information he gave to me was worthy to listen. My friend not accepts it as he considered it
unworthy (worthless).
9) Raju is Careful while crossing the roads. His friend is carless while crossing the road so he met with an
accident.
10) The suggestions given by Komala are useful. But sheela considered them useless.

V2. From the web diagram frame phrases like set up First match them with their meaning given in
brackets then fill in the blanks.
Answers:
1) Why don't you setdown your ideas on papers.
2) Ravi and Raju have set off on a journey round the world.
3) How long will you take to setup this machine.
4) Suma set herself against going to university
5) If we all set out we can finish the cleaning in an hour.
6) I have to buy some woolens before the cold weather Sets in.

V3. Read the sentences and match them with their meanings.
1) Take a day off kavya c) away from the duty or work
2) Mysore is still five miles off d) away distant in space
3) Asha is off to Mangalore tomorrow b) starting on a Journey
4) Shoes are on sold off with 20% f) reduced in price or cheaper
5) The bullet went off the target g) away from the aim
6) The holidays are not so far off now c) away distant in time
7) Veena was bit off with me this morning a) angry unfriendly.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 26

 V 4. Read the table and study the example now frame sentences using each of these word forms.
1) Success: Success comes to those who dare and act.
2) Succeed: Indian team succeed in getting good captain.
3) Successful: He was successful in his work.
4) Successfully: Ranga got first class successfully.
5) Raju tried unsuccessfully to get first class.
5) Succeeded: He Succeeded in recovering the loans from his friend.
7) Unsuccessful : He tried hard due to bad luck he was unsuccessful in his effort.
8) Successor: He was the legal successor to his father's property.
V 5. Fill in the blanks with correct form of the word in bracket.
1) The dog was named Tommy.
2) I'm hopeful that you will succeed this time.
3) His love was only pretence to cheat me.
4) The child was healthy and good looking.
5) It is our duty to serve our parents in their old age.
6) Parents should educate their children to behave well.

V 6. Fill in the blanks using the appropriate form of words given in (brackets).
Answers: 1) wonderful 2) cold 3) pleasant 4) delicious 5) spicy
6) friendly 7) attractive 8) beautiful 9) entertaining 10) artistic
V 7 Rewrite the following sentences after making necessary corrections :
1) The news is very good.
2) There are 26 letters in the English alphabet.
3) Please give me some information.
4) I have bought some furniture last week.
5) Politics is the last resort of scoundrels.
6) There is scenery in the paintings.

Poetry 7
MACHINE.
- Rudyard kipling
C1. Answer the following questions.
1) Look at eh first stanza see how a machine made of metal goes through a process in making fill in
the empty boxes with the appropriate steps.
1 2 3
Mined Melted Cast
4 5 6
Wrought Hammered cut
7 8 9
Filed Tooled Gauged
2) What do simple machines need to start working?
They need some water, coal and oil to start working.
3) Name at least five machine or mechanical devices and write how they are useful to man.
1) Train:- Transportation of goods and people.
2) Scanning machine:- to find out the internal diseases in our body.
3) printing machine:- for printing books
4) Loud speaker:- to conduct speeches and programmes
5) Washing machine. For washing clothes.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 27

 4) What cannot a machine do?
Machine cannot comprehend a lie. It cannot have love pity or forgive.
5) What is the risk if the machine is mishandled?
If you mishandle the machine you will die.

C2. Read and discuss with your partner and then write.
1) How are machines and human beings different? Study the last stanza and write.
Though machines are powerful bigger in size and weight, they are nothing before man as they are the
children of man's brain.
2) Do you observe any rhyme scheme in each stanza. If
you do write the words that rhyme to get her.
Mine - design, pit - fit, ask - task, play - day, ask - task, drive- dive, light -write, live - forgive, lie - die,
eyes - size, again- brain.
3) List all the words that suggest motion.
1) pull 2) haul 3) push 4) drive
5) print 6) plough 7) weave 8) heat
9) light 10) run 11) jump 12) swim
13) fly 14) dive 15) see 16) hear
17) count 18) read 19) write

4) Identify other words which are repeated in the poem like 'and'
Repeated words in poem are- Were, can, we,

Prose 8
LUTHER BURBANK
- Daniel Miller

C1. Answer the following questions.

1) Name the fields in which Luther Burbank's influence prevails
His influence prevails in the scientific community among those who work in the fie1ds of agriculture
horticulture, forestry and livestock.
2) When was Luther Burbank born?
Bur bank was horn on 7 March 1849.
3) What was Luther Burbank's goal in life?
Burbank’s goal in life was to devote his life to grow new verities of plants.
4) Name the book that helped Burbank to decide on goal of his life?
The book that helped Burbank to decide his goal of his life was Variation of animals and plants under
domestication written by Darwin.
5) Mention the name of the new variety of potato plant grown by Burbank?
The name of the new potato plant is "Idaho potato"
6) How was whether in the state of California?
The weather there was mild and the soil was rich and varied.
7) How many varieties of fruits did Burbank grow on an acre of his farm?
He grew several thousands of fruits in his one acre II of farm.
8. What is grafting?
Grafting is taking a piece 'of living material from one place and grow it on another plant or animal.
C2. Which of the following things was Burbank able to do because of his experimentation? (Tick off
(√) against the true statement, and a (x) against others.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 28

 a) growing hundreds of varieties of apples. (√)
b) spending 1'5 years for a tree to bear fruit ( x )
c) Making a young plant yield fruit in a year or two (√)
d) growing about 526 varieties of apples in an acre of his farm (x)

Read and Write :

C3. Read and discuss your responses with your partner. Then write.
1) How did Burbank's genius benefit the life of a common man?
The products of his genuine continue play a part in the day to day lives of people throughout the world.
2) Why did Burbank move from Massachusetts to California?
He moved from his native place because the climate of his native place was not suitable for his work.
3) What did Burbank call his new home and why?
He called his new home "Santa Rose". Because he conducted experiments there for more than fifty
years.
4) How did grafting help Burbank in his experimentation?
He would collect different kinds of domestic plants and by grafting them the plants grew strong and
plentiful. An acre of his farm yielded several thousand different verities of fruits. This wonderful
achievement was made possible by grafting many twigs on a single tree.
5) In what way did Burbank save space and speed up his
experiments?
He was able to grow for example 526 different types of apples on the tree. It was possible for him not
only to save space but also to speed up his experiments.
6) What were Burbank's experiments on cherry, blackberry, cactus and shasta daisy?
He developed an improve cherry, he found out thorn less black berry a cactus without thorns that is
largely used as food for livestock. He discovered a peach tree that can with stand freezing weather or. He
found out new flowers like 'Shasta Daisy' and rose that bears his name.

C4. Write a paragraph on each of the following.

1) Write a note of Burbank's early life.
Burbank was born on 7 March 1849 and was brought up on a farm in the state of Massachusetts. He was
all acted towards years. But when he read Darwin's variation of animals and plants under domestication he
decided to devote his life to grow new varieties of plants.

2) Describe the three techniques on which Burbank's experiments were based.

The three techniques on which his experiments were based are.
1) He would collect different kinds of domestic plants and bring in many foreign varieties of plants.
When they were grown under different conditions they would prove strong, plentiful or hard or else
show other changes or new qualities.
2) He grew many varieties of fruits and vegetables by changing water, food supply and temperature
light or space other variations were active by crossing plants.
3) After the production of many varieties Burbank come to the final step. That was he could recognise
and select the plants which showed desirable changes. He could also choose them for further
experiments.
3) How did Burbank react when some of his efforts ended in failure?
Naturally many of his efforts ended in failure at one time he crossed a tomato with a potato though a
vegetable was.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 29

 VOCABULARY:
V1. Fill in the blanks with most appropriate describing words given in the box below.
1) rich community 2) desert soil
3) White black berry 4) thorn less cactus
5) Successful attempt 6) Scientific value.

Given below are some names. Classify them into categories of flowers, fruits and vegetables. You may
consult a dictionary / encyclopaedia if you need.
Fruits Vegetables Flowers
Orange Brinjal Jasmine
Plum Potato Lotus
Mango Tomato Shasta daisy
Black Carrot Rose marigold
berry
Banana
Cherry
Apple
Grapes
Water melon
Lemon

Poetry 8
THE AXE IN THE WOOD.
- Clifford Henry Dyment.
C1. Answer the following questions and share your responses with your partner.
1) What words in stanzas 1 and 2 mean
a) 100 years (century)
b) Scene (sight)
2) Make a list of all words that are used in the poem to describe the 'axe'.
Quick, sharp, glittering, glory.
3) Read the following words:- trunk, axe, wood, timber, tree which word does not fit is the above list.
Axe.
C2. Answer the following questions picking up the most appropriate one from those given in
brackets.
1) What did the man strike with?
The man struck with an axe
2) Who were watching the sight of the man cutting the tree?
People were watching the sight.
3) What did the tree look like?
Ans. The tree looked like strong tree.

C3. Read and discuss your responses with your partner:

1) Who do you think I refers to in this poem?
I refers to the speaker in the poem (poet).
2) Why do you think the poet stopped?
The poet stopped because he was attracted by the sight of cutting an old tree and the rhythmic sound of
the stroke of fin axe.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 30

 3) Which line tells us that the tree is aged?
The Tree grown strong through many centuries. "This line tells us that the tree is aged.
4) Does the poem mean that cutting a tree is a huge loss for human beings?
Cutting a tree is huge loss for human beings. Today our whole environment is polluted by cutting trees and
destroying forests. In this poem poet cautions us to not to cut trees but grow more trees. Poet says had more
good the old tree in it than a growing a tree instead of growing trees we have to maintain old and strong
trees. The line ''there is more good in it than growing tree. Suggests it”
5) Do you think the poet wrote this poem while the tree was being cut? Support your answer picking
up the relevant line from the poem.
The poet went to the sight when the tree was being cut. The lines I stopped to watch a man strike at the
trunk of a tree grown strong through many centuries will support my answer.
6) Do you think the poet has made his intention clear to the' reader at the end? Which lines support
your answer?
Poet says that in cutting that tree he saw death cut down a thousand men in front of tall lovey legacy of
wood. Here poets intention is clear by cutting that huge and old tree which gives us plenty of timber and
which 'is the gift of our fore fathers The lines "I saw death cut down a thousand men" But he also appeals
that the if it falls it will cause the death of thousands of people in that tall lovely legacy of wood. These
lines support our answer.
7) What message does the poem give us?
The poem gives us the harmful effects of poaching and indiscriminate cutting of trees.
8) What do you learn about the trees from this poem? Trees live long. They live for centuries together.
If it falls it is dangerous. We get timber in stack from the trees. Trees are tall and lovely. They are legacy of
wood.
9) 'But I saw death cut down a thousand men' explain.
What does the poet mean by 'Lovely legacy of wood?' But I saw death cut down a thousand of men.
Here poet suggests trees support the lives of men. They give us shelter and shade. If you cut tree you are
causing death to thousands of men. Here lovely legacy of wood means that
trees are handed over to us by our predecessors as gifts loll by will.
10) In this poem a sonnet cheek whether the poem has rhyme scheme?
This poem is a sonnet. It contains 14 lines. But the poem does not contain rhyme scheme.
11) Do you find any expression of irony in it?
In the second stanza people and poet enjoy the sight of cutting a tree they are watching with great interest.
But no body wishes to stop the action even though they are against cutting a tree. This is the irony in the
poem.

C 4. What is personified in the last stanza?

Death is personified in last stanza “I saw death cut down a thousand men Death is personified”.

9. SUPPLEMENTARY READER
1. THE STORY OF DHARMAVYADHA
I. Answer each of the following in a sentence or two.
1) Why was Kaushika very angry with the bird?
While Kaushika was sitting under a tree studying vedas. He was disturbed by the loud twittering of a crane.
So he was angry with the bird.
2) Why did the house wife delay in giving alms to Kaushika? The house wife delayed in giving alms to
Koushika because she was attendinq to her husband who had just come home.
3) Who did she advise Koushika to meet?
She advised Koushika to meet Dharmavyadha who was living in Mithila.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 31

 4) Why did Kaushika feel stunned at the words of Dharma Vyadha?
Kaushika was stunned at the word of Dharmavyadha because Dharmavyadha told him that the chaste,
woman had sent Kaushik to him.
5) What did Kaushika do after his visit to Dharmavyodha? After his visit to Dharmavyadha Kaushika
spent his days in the service of his parents and in teaching Vedic lore he had mastered.
6) What did sage Markandeya tell yudhishtira at the end? At the end Sage Markandeya told
yudhishtira that in every division of people there are enlightened souls who can guide even scholars and
masters of Vedic teachings.

II. Answer each of the following in a paragraph.

1) Narrate how Kaushika felt on listening to the lady?
While the chaste lady told him that she was not the crane to be burnt at his glare. He wondered. He was
confounded because he began.to think how that lady knew that he had burnt the bird.
2) What are the essentials of Dharma according to Dharmavyadha?
The essentials of Dharma according to Dharma Vyadha are- One should engage oneself in one's inherent
duty to be truthful To be patient and merciful, not be elated in hap pines or depressed in difficulties, to be
engaged in prayer and tapes appreciate the good qualities in others, not to boast to have bath in sacred
rivers, to visit holy places and to service our parents and the guru who has bestowed knowledge on LIS.
3) What can we learn from the story of DharmaVyodha? We learn many things from this story.
Though we ate learned we should not boast. Though we have divine power we should not misuse it we
must appreciate good qualities in others. We should serve our parents and guru. We should know that
in every division of people there are enlightened souls who can guide even scholars and masters of Vedic
teachings We should impart the knowledge we have mastered to others.
2. THE EARTHQUAKE
I. Answer each of the following in a sentence each.
1) What was the wild imagination of the hare?
The hare imagined if the earth were to fall to pieces what would become of him.
2) Which event caused the crash?
A big and ripe bel fruit fell from the top of the tree on a bush it caused the crash.
3) Name a few animals that joined the race?
The animals that joined the race were hares a deer, an elephant, a tiger, rhinoceros, a buffaloes and
a gazelle.
4) Which of the animals that joined the race was sensible one? How do you justify that?
The lion was sensible. When he heard the complaint he did not come to the quick conclusion. He went to
the spot with the hare and detected the fact and came back to the animals and told them that they were
not in danger. They could go back to their places and live as they lived before. So the lion was a
sensible animal among all the animals.
5) What did the lion guess about the cause of the crash?
The lion thought himself and guessed that a ripe bel fruit fell from above and made the crash.
6) What was the command given by the lion to the animals at the end?
The command given by the lion to the animals that he would go and find the truth. Till then he said in a
commanding tone that they should stay there and they should not move till he came back.

II Write the answers for each of the following in about 50-6O words:
1) It is said the mob cannot think do you agree? If so how does this story illustrate that? If you
do not agree with the statement. How do you explain the behaviour of the animals?
It is true that the mob cannot think. We agree with the statement. When something is told by
some body the mob cannot think. They just follow what other reacts in the mob. Here in this story

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 32

 when the hare said that the earth is falling to pieces. Without thinking about the hare's statement they
also began to run with the hare. They had neither patience nor the wisdom of testing the statement.
They lack rational power as the man and just blindly follow what other animals do. The same thing
happened in this story. All the animals believed the statement of the hare and ran madly of curse they
wore quite afraid of the statement and they wanted 10 save their lives from the earthquake. The same
thing applies to mob also.
2) Sum up what the lion did to verify the statement of the hare.
The lion after comprehending the situation came to know it was false before that he wanted to test
the validity of the statement. The lion asked hare to sit on his back and asked other animals to wait
for his arrival. He went to the spot as directed by the hare. He found a ripe bel falling from the top of the
tree on the bush which had made the crash. The lion under- stood that it was neither earthquake nor any
calamity. He came back and told all the animals what had happened and as ked them to return to their
respective places.

3. LAL BAHADUR SHASTRY

I. Answer each of the following in a sentence or two

1) Why is October 2 a special day in the history of India? October 2, is 'the most important day in
the history of India because it is the birth day of two great sons of India: One is the father of our nation
Mahatma Gandhi and other is Lal Bahadur Shastry.
2) Where did Lal Bahadur have his education alter his studies at School?
After his School education Lal Bahadur had his studies at Vidyapita in Varanashi.
3) Name at least two positions that Lal Bahadur had as an
administrator?
He was the Transport minister of U.P. He was the Railway Minister at the centre. He was the Home
Minister and Prime Minister of India.
4) Why do you think Lal Bahadur Shastry refused to stay at home even during the days of
parole?
He had come home on parole to meet his daughter who was
suffering from small pox. But unfortunately she died on the same day when Shastriji came to meet her.
So he thought it was not proper to stay more as his purpose of coming was served. so after performing
final rites he returned to the prison.
5) When did Lal Bahadur resign his post as Railway Minister? What was the reason he gave for
this act?
When a railway accident took place in Arialur he accepted moral responsibility and resigned his
post of the Railway minister.
6) How did he respond to the pakistan's attack?
When Pakistan attacked Jammu and Kashmir Shastry declared in the parliament. Force will be met
with force. He gave freedom to the army to take action. The Indian army defeated Pakistan and taught
it a lesson.
II.Answer each of the following in a paragraph of 10-12 sentences.
1) Give an account of Lal Bahadur's education?
After his school studies Shastry went to Varanasi and Joined Kashi, Vidyapita. He studied there for
four years. As a student he was very bright in subjects like philosophy Economics political Science
and Social Science. He had to walk eight miles each way he was so poor that he could not buy a bicycle.
He got degree 'Shastry' while he was studying at Kashi Vidyapita. He had to lead a hard life. His
monthly expense was just two and half rupee.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 33

 2) Narrate anyone incident from Lal Bahadur Shastry's life which highlights his honesty.
While Lal Bahadur Shastry was in prison before Independence his daughter contracted small pox. In
those days it was a deadly killer. Shastry got message. He sought the permission of the prison authority
to see his ailing daughter. The Government agreed to release on parole. For 15 days Shastry appealed to
the Government not release him on any condition. Government agreed and released him on parole.
He came to the house. Unfortunately the girl died on the same day. He performed the obsequies. He
still had three or four days parole left but he decided to return to prison. His family pleaded with him
But Shastry said "The perole is to the sake of my daughter. She is dead. It's not right that I should stay
back' He went back to prison this incident shows how honest. Shastry was.

3) Imagine you are supposed to speak on the life of Lal Bahadur Shastry and you are given not
more than 3 minutes for your speech. Note down the points based on which you can develop
your talk.
With the mango seller- Once Shastri and his uncle went for small walk. It was getting dark an
old man who was selling mangoes saw them he said "It is getting dark. I will sell all these at half an
anna for hundred mangoes Lalbahadur and his uncle agreed to buy. The vendor started counting 1, 2,
3, 4 when he reached 50 Shastri asked him to stop. He gave the vendor one anna. Later his uncle asked
him why he did so Shastri replied. A hundred mangoes for an anna is too cheap. He was prepared to
suffer a loss because it was getting dark. It was hard on him. Therefore I gave him one anna instead
of half an anna". This incident shows Shastri's Sincerity.
Resignation- When he was the Minister for Railway an accident took place at Arialur. Shastriji
took the moral responsibility of the situation and resigned his post of Minister, though he was not
directly responsible for the accident. This incident also shows how sincere shastri's was.

4. THE FIRST WOMAN IN SPACE.

I. Answer each of the following.

1) When did Valentina go round the earth what was great about this event?
After months of rigorous training she was chosen to fly into
outer space. It was a proudest moment in her life whom she talked from outer space to millions of her
fellow men on the earth about her thrilling experience.
2) How did Valentina help her mother? What else was she doing at the same time?
Valentina helped her mother by working in a tyre factory and then at a textile mill. At the same time
she attended some classes at Yaroslavl. In 1960 she graduated from a trade school.
3) How did people all over the world share joys at the historic moment?
Crowds of people all over the world simply danced for joy when
they heard that Mrs. Valentine was going round the globe.
4) What did she say on landing after the space flight?
On being asked about her flight she said smilingly that the probable know the saying that it was very
nice to be guest but it was always better at home. She said when she landed, she felt joy being at home
again.
5. Apart from flying, what were valentinas hobbies?
Valentina’s hobbies were music, literature, reading and she loved a happy and quiet home life.

JNANA- PRABHA: 8th Standard English Notes Page 34