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Module 4

The document provides an introduction to NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib, highlighting the advantages of NumPy arrays such as efficiency, performance, and memory consumption. It covers methods for creating NumPy arrays, computations using universal functions, and features like broadcasting and fancy indexing. Additionally, it introduces Pandas Series and DataFrames, as well as basic plotting techniques with Matplotlib.

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antony09141
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12 views4 pages

Module 4

The document provides an introduction to NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib, highlighting the advantages of NumPy arrays such as efficiency, performance, and memory consumption. It covers methods for creating NumPy arrays, computations using universal functions, and features like broadcasting and fancy indexing. Additionally, it introduces Pandas Series and DataFrames, as well as basic plotting techniques with Matplotlib.

Uploaded by

antony09141
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to NumPy, Pandas, and Matplotlib

Introduction to NumPy Arrays


Advantages of NumPy Arrays

NumPy (Numerical Python) is a powerful library for numerical computing


in Python.
The core feature of NumPy is its ndarray (N-dimensional array), which
offers several advantages over Python’s built-in lists:

- Efficiency: NumPy arrays are stored in contiguous memory locations,


making operations faster compared to Python lists.
- Performance: NumPy operations are optimized using C and Fortran
libraries, leading to significantly faster computations.
- Convenient mathematical operations: NumPy supports element-wise
operations, matrix computations, and statistical functions.
- Less Memory Consumption: NumPy arrays consume less memory
compared to lists since they use a fixed type for elements.
- Vectorization: NumPy provides vectorized operations, eliminating the
need for explicit loops and improving performance.

Creation of NumPy Arrays

NumPy arrays can be created using different methods:


1. Creating an Array from a List:

import numpy as np
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(arr)

2. Creating Arrays with Zeros and Ones:


np.zeros((3,3)) # 3x3 array of zeros
np.ones((2,2)) # 2x2 array of ones

3. Creating an Array with a Range of Numbers:

np.arange(1, 10, 2) # [1 3 5 7 9]

4. Creating an Array with Evenly Spaced Numbers:

np.linspace(0, 1, 5) # [0. 0.25 0.5 0.75 1. ]

5. Creating a Random Array:

np.random.rand(3,3) # 3x3 array with random numbers between 0 and 1

Computation on NumPy Arrays

Universal Functions (ufuncs)

NumPy provides universal functions (ufuncs), which perform fast element-


wise operations.

Broadcasting

Broadcasting allows NumPy to perform arithmetic operations on arrays of


different shapes.
Example:

arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])


print(arr + 10) # Adds 10 to each element

Fancy Indexing

Fancy indexing allows access to multiple array elements at once.


Example:

arr = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])


indices = [0, 2, 4]
print(arr[indices]) # [10 30 50]

Introduction to Pandas

Pandas Series

Pandas Series is a one-dimensional labeled array. It can be created from


arrays or dictionaries.
Example:

import pandas as pd
data = {'a': 10, 'b': 20, 'c': 30}
series = pd.Series(data)
print(series)

Pandas DataFrames

Pandas DataFrame is a two-dimensional labeled data structure.


Example:

data = {'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie'],


'Age': [25, 30, 35]}
df = pd.DataFrame(data)
print(df)

Introduction to Matplotlib

Basic Plotting

Matplotlib is a popular Python library for data visualization.


Example:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


import numpy as np

x = np.linspace(0, 10, 100)


y = np.sin(x)

plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel('X-axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-axis')
plt.title('Basic Line Plot')
plt.show()

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