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THIRD TERM
WEEKLY LESSON NOTES
WEEK 4
Week Ending: 21-07-2023 DAY: Subject: Social Studies
Duration: 60MINS Strand: Environment
Class: B8 Class Size: Sub Strand: Natural Disasters
Content Standard: Lesson:
Indicator:
B8.1.3.2. Demonstrate understanding of
natural disasters and their management
B8.1.3.2.1. Discuss natural disasters 1 OF 2
Performance Indicator: Core Competencies:
Learners can discuss natural disasters CP 5.1: CC 8.1: CC 8.1: CC 9.1: CP 5.2: CC
References: Social Studies Curriculum Pg. 45-47
Keywords: earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis
Phase/Duration Learners Activities Resources
PHASE 1: Ask learners what they understand by the term "natural
STARTER disasters."
Discuss learners' responses and provide a brief definition of
natural disasters as catastrophic events caused by natural
processes that result in significant damage to life, property, and
the environment.
PHASE 2: NEW Present various examples of natural disasters, such as Images or videos
LEARNING earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, and of different
tsunamis. natural disasters
Show images or videos of these disasters to help learners
visualize their impact and consequences.
Discuss the unique characteristics and effects of each type of
natural disaster.
1. Earthquakes:
Characteristics:
- Earthquakes are caused by the sudden release of energy in the Earth's
crust, usually due to the movement of tectonic plates.
- The severity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter scale or
moment magnitude scale (Mw).
Effects:
- Shaking of the ground can cause buildings and infrastructure to collapse,
leading to casualties and property damage.
- Earthquakes can disrupt communication and transportation systems,
hindering rescue and relief efforts.
2. Hurricanes (Cyclones or Typhoons):
Characteristics:
- Hurricanes are large, powerful storms that form over warm ocean waters
with low pressure at the center (the eye).
- They have high wind speeds exceeding 74 mph (119 km/h).
- Hurricane intensity is categorized using the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane
Wind Scale (Category 1 to 5).
Effects:
- Intense winds can cause widespread damage to structures, trees, and
power lines.
- Heavy rainfall can lead to flash floods and landslides.
3. Floods:
Characteristics:
- Floods occur when there is an overflow of water onto usually dry land,
often due to heavy and prolonged rainfall, rapid snowmelt, or the
breaching of dams.
- They can be localized or widespread, and their intensity and duration
vary.
Effects:
- Floods can damage homes, buildings, and infrastructure, displacing
communities.
- Contaminated floodwaters can lead to waterborne diseases and health
issues.
4. Wildfires:
Characteristics:
- Wildfires are uncontrolled fires that spread rapidly through vegetation,
often fueled by dry weather, high temperatures, and strong winds.
- They can be natural or human-caused, such as through campfires or
discarded cigarettes.
Effects:
- Wildfires can destroy vast areas of forests, grasslands, and homes,
leading to habitat loss for wildlife.
- Smoke and air pollution from wildfires can cause respiratory problems
and health issues for people living nearby.
- Erosion may occur in burned areas, affecting soil fertility and water
quality.
5. Volcanic Eruptions:
Characteristics:
- Volcanic eruptions occur when magma, gas, and ash are expelled from a
volcano's vent or fissure.
- They can be explosive or effusive, depending on the magma's viscosity
and gas content.
Effects:
- Lava flows can destroy everything in their path, including homes and
vegetation.
- Ash clouds can disrupt air travel and pose respiratory risks to nearby
communities.
- Pyroclastic flows, fast-moving hot gases and debris, can cause devastating
impacts.
Learners in their groups discuss the impact of natural disasters
on human lives, economies, and ecosystems.
Encourage learners to share any personal experiences or stories
they may have heard or read about regarding natural disasters.
Discuss the importance of preparedness and emergency planning
in dealing with natural disasters.
Assessment
1. What is a natural disaster?
2. Name three different examples of natural disasters.
3. Describe the impact of a hurricane on coastal areas.
4. Explain how earthquakes are caused.
5. What are some effects of flooding on communities and the
environment?
PHASE 3: Use peer discussion and effective questioning to find out from
REFLECTION learners what they have learnt during the lesson.
Take feedback from learners and summarize the lesson.
Homework
Assign learners to create posters or presentations on disaster
preparedness plans for a specific type of natural disaster.
Week Ending: 21-07-2023 DAY: Subject: Social Studies
Duration: 60MINS Strand: Environment
Class: B8 Class Size: Sub Strand: Natural Disasters
Content Standard: Lesson:
Indicator:
B8.1.3.2. Demonstrate understanding of
natural disasters and their management
B8.1.3.2.1. Discuss natural disasters 2 OF 2
Performance Indicator: Core Competencies:
Learners can discuss natural disasters CP 5.1: CC 8.1: CC 8.1: CC 9.1: CP 5.2: CC
References: Social Studies Curriculum Pg. 45-47
Keywords: earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis
Phase/Duration Learners Activities Resources
PHASE 1: Revise with learners on the previous lesson.
STARTER
Share performance indicators with learners and introduce the
lesson.
PHASE 2: NEW Introduce the main causes of natural disasters, such as tectonic Images or videos
LEARNING activity, weather patterns, and climatic phenomena. of different
natural disasters
Explain how earthquakes are caused by the movement of
tectonic plates, hurricanes by warm ocean waters, floods by
heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt, and volcanic eruptions by the
release of pressure from magma beneath the Earth's surface.
1. Tectonic Activity:
- Earthquakes: These occur due to the movement and interaction of
tectonic plates. When stress builds up along a fault line and is
released suddenly, it results in seismic activity.
- Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanoes form where tectonic plates converge
or diverge. When molten rock (magma) rises to the surface, it can
lead to explosive eruptions or effusive lava flows.
2. Weather Patterns:
- Hurricanes/Cyclones/Typhoons: These intense storms form over
warm ocean waters, fueled by evaporating water and releasing
large amounts of energy. They are influenced by factors like sea
surface temperatures, atmospheric conditions, and wind patterns.
- Floods: Heavy rainfall, often associated with severe weather events
like tropical storms, can overwhelm drainage systems and cause
rivers to overflow their banks.
- Droughts: Extended periods of abnormally low precipitation can
result in drought conditions, leading to water scarcity, crop failure,
and ecological imbalances.
3. Climatic Phenomena:
- Heatwaves: Extended periods of excessively high temperatures,
often caused by a combination of atmospheric conditions,
urbanization, and climate change.
- Cold Waves: Prolonged periods of extremely cold temperatures,
resulting from air masses moving from Polar Regions or other
factors.
- Wildfires: Dry and hot weather conditions, combined with ignition
sources like lightning strikes or human activities, can lead to the
rapid spread of wildfires.
Discuss how human activities, such as deforestation, urbanization,
and climate change, can also exacerbate the impact of some
natural disasters.
Divide learners into small groups and assign each group a specific
natural disaster to focus on.
Instruct the groups to research and present on the causes and
effects of their assigned natural disaster.
Encourage learners to consider both the immediate impacts and
the long-term consequences of the disaster on the affected
communities and environment.
Assessment
1. How can deforestation contribute to the occurrence and
severity of natural disasters?
2. Discuss the role of climate change in influencing natural
disasters.
3. Why is it important to be prepared for natural disasters?
4. How can communities mitigate the effects of natural disasters?
5. Share one personal story or experience related to a natural
disaster and its impact.
PHASE 3: Use peer discussion and effective questioning to find out from
REFLECTION learners what they have learnt during the lesson.
Take feedback from learners and summarize the lesson.
Homework
Assign learners to create posters or presentations on disaster
preparedness plans for a specific type of natural disaster.
