Chapter 2: Structure of Atom - Complete Question Bank
I. Discovery and Subatomic Particles
1. Who discovered the electron, proton, and neutron?
2. What is the charge and mass of an electron, proton, and neutron?
3. What is the significance of the discovery of cathode rays and canal rays?
4. Describe the experimental setup for the discovery of electrons.
5. How was the charge of an electron determined in the Millikan oil-drop experiment?
6. What are the characteristics of cathode rays?
7. Explain how the mass of an electron was determined.
8. Write the conclusion of the discharge tube experiment.
9. What are canal rays and how are they different from cathode rays?
II. Atomic Models
1. State the postulates of Thomsons atomic model.
2. What were the limitations of Thomsons model?
3. Describe Rutherfords gold foil experiment in detail.
4. What conclusions were drawn from Rutherfords experiment?
5. What were the drawbacks of Rutherfords atomic model?
6. State the postulates of Bohrs atomic model.
7. Derive the expression for the radius of the nth orbit in a hydrogen atom.
8. Derive the expression for the energy of an electron in the nth orbit.
9. Derive the expression for the velocity of an electron in an orbit.
10. What are the limitations of Bohrs model?
11. How does Bohrs model explain the line spectrum of hydrogen?
12. What are stationary states in Bohrs theory?
III. Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes
1. Define atomic number and mass number.
2. Differentiate between isotopes, isobars, and isotones.
3. What is the significance of atomic number?
4. Give examples of elements having isotopes.
Chapter 2: Structure of Atom - Complete Question Bank
5. Write the representation of an element using atomic number and mass number.
IV. Electromagnetic Radiation and Spectra
1. What are electromagnetic waves? Explain their properties.
2. Define wavelength, frequency, wave number, and amplitude.
3. Derive the relationship between frequency and wavelength.
4. State the order of EM waves in terms of frequency and wavelength.
5. What is meant by line spectrum and continuous spectrum?
6. Describe the hydrogen spectrum series (Lyman, Balmer, etc.).
7. What is the Rydberg formula?
8. Explain the origin of spectral lines in the hydrogen atom.
V. Quantum Mechanical Model
1. Explain the dual nature of matter and radiation.
2. Derive de Broglies equation.
3. What is Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle? Derive its expression.
4. What is the significance of the uncertainty principle?
5. Explain the limitations of classical mechanics in describing atomic structure.
6. What is the Schrodinger wave equation?
7. Define wave function and its significance.
VI. Quantum Numbers
1. Define and explain the four quantum numbers: n, l, m, and s.
2. What is the significance of each quantum number?
3. What are the possible quantum numbers for a 3p electron?
4. What are degenerate orbitals?
5. Differentiate between orbit and orbital.
VII. Shapes of Orbitals
1. Explain the shapes of s, p, and d orbitals.
Chapter 2: Structure of Atom - Complete Question Bank
2. What are the nodal planes in orbitals?
3. Define radial and angular nodes.
4. Derive the relation: Total nodes = n 1.
VIII. Rules for Filling Electrons in Orbitals
1. State the Aufbau principle.
2. State and explain Paulis exclusion principle.
3. State and explain Hunds rule of maximum multiplicity.
4. What is meant by electronic configuration?
5. Write electronic configurations of elements up to Z = 30.
6. Write the electronic configuration of Cu, Cr, Fe3+, and Ni2+.
7. What are anomalies in electronic configurations? Why do they occur?
IX. Numericals
1. Calculate the wavelength/frequency of EM radiation using c = .
2. Calculate the energy of a photon using E = h.
3. Calculate the energy of an electron in the nth orbit using Bohrs model.
4. Calculate the radius of a particular orbit of hydrogen.
5. Calculate the de Broglie wavelength for a moving particle.
6. Calculate the uncertainty in position or momentum using Heisenbergs principle.
7. Numerical problems involving Rydberg formula.
8. Find quantum numbers for a given electron in an atom.
X. Conceptual Questions
1. Why can't the position and momentum of an electron be determined simultaneously?
2. Why are Bohrs orbits called 'stationary states'?
3. Why do electrons not fall into the nucleus despite attraction?
4. How is energy quantized in atoms?
5. Why is the 4s orbital filled before the 3d orbital?
6. Why are d and f block elements called transition elements?
Chapter 2: Structure of Atom - Complete Question Bank
7. How do quantum numbers explain periodicity?
