Basic Maths
Number System
Basic Inequality
Log Concept
Modulus Concept
Greatest Integer
Number Theory
Prime Numbers:
o Prime factorization
o Prime counting functions
o Sieve methods (e.g., Eratosthenes’ sieve)
o Properties of prime numbers
Divisibility:
o Divisibility rules
o Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) and Least Common Multiple (LCM)
o Euclidean algorithm
Modular Arithmetic:
o Congruences and modular arithmetic
o Residues and non-residues
o Chinese Remainder Theorem
Diophantine Equations:
o Linear Diophantine equations
o Pell’s equation
o Fermat’s Last Theorem
Number Bases:
o Binary, octal, hexadecimal, and other bases
o Base conversion
Arithmetic Functions:
o Euler’s totient function (φ)
o Mobius function (μ)
o Number of divisors function (σ)
o Sum of divisors function (σ)
Fermat’s Little Theorem and Euler’s Totient Theorem
Algebra
1. Basic Algebraic Manipulations:
o Simplification of algebraic expressions
o Factorization of polynomials
o Solving algebraic equations
2. Inequalities:
o Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean (AM-GM) inequality
o Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
o Rearrangement inequality
3. Polynomials:
o Fundamental theorem of algebra
o Vieta’s formulas
o Newton’s identities
o Eisenstein’s criterion
4. Complex Numbers:
o Operations with complex numbers
o De Moivre’s Theorem
o Roots of unity
5. Sequences and Series:
o Arithmetic progressions
o Geometric progressions
o Convergent and divergent series
o Infinite series summation (e.g., geometric series)
6. Inequalities:
o Arithmetic Mean-Geometric Mean (AM-GM) inequality
o Cauchy-Schwarz inequality
o Jensen’s inequality
7. Functional Equations:
o Cauchy’s functional equation
o Jensen’s functional equation
o Other functional equations
8. Binomial Theorem and Combinatorics:
o Binomial coefficients
o Multinomial coefficients
o Combinatorial identities
9. Polynomial Equations:
o Roots and coefficients of polynomial equations
o Factor theorem
o Rational root theorem
10. Inequalities:
o Triangle inequalities
o Holder’s inequality
o Muirhead’s inequality
Combinatorics
1. Counting Principles:
o Multiplication principle
o Addition principle
o Inclusion-Exclusion principle
2. Permutations and Combinations:
o Arrangements (permutations)
o Selections (combinations)
o Combinatorial identities
3. Pigeonhole Principle:
o Dirichlet’s principle
o Application in solving problems
4. Recurrence Relations:
o Linear recurrence relations
o Homogeneous and non-homogeneous recurrences
o Solving recurrence relations
5. Principle of Inclusion and Exclusion:
o Solving problems with PIE
o Counting problems with constraints
6. Graph Theory:
o Basics of graph theory
o Graph coloring
o Trees and spanning trees
o Connectivity and Eulerian graphs
o Hamiltonian cycles and paths
7. Combinatorial Geometry:
o Geometric counting problems
o Theorems like the Sylvester-Gallai theorem
8. Generating Functions:
o Generating functions for combinatorial sequences
o Operations on generating functions
9. Combinatorial Identities:
o Vandermonde’s identity
o Hockey stick identity (Combinatorial sum)
o Catalan numbers and other combinatorial sequences
Geometry
Euclidean Geometry:
oPoints, lines, and planes
oAngle measurement and properties
oCongruence and similarity of triangles
oQuadrilaterals (properties and theorems)
oCircles (tangents, secants, angles, and theorems)
oPolygons (properties and interior/exterior angles)
Geometric Transformations:
o Reflection, rotation, translation, and dilation
o Isometries and similarities
o Symmetry and tessellations
Coordinate Geometry:
o Distance formula
o Slope and equations of lines
o Midpoint formula
o Conic sections (parabola, ellipse, hyperbola)
Trigonometry:
o Sine, cosine, tangent, and their properties
o Trigonometric identities and equations
o Applications in geometry
==================================================================================
For preparing for the Indian Olympiad Qualifier in Mathematics (IOQM),
several books are recommended, including "Challenge and Thrill of Pre-
College Mathematics" by C.R. Pranesachar, "Pathfinder for Olympiad
Mathematics" by Prashant Jain. Additionally, "A Guide to Mathematics
Olympiad for IOQM, RMO & INMO with 16 Previous Years Solved Papers"
is also a useful resource. For specific topics, consider "Euclidean Geometry
in Mathematical Olympiads" by Evan Chen, books on number theory by
Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica, and resources focusing on inequalities
and functional equations.
Specific Book Recommendations:
"Challenge and Thrill of Pre-College Mathematics": This book is widely
recommended as a good starting point for IOQM preparation.
"Pathfinder for Olympiad Mathematics": This book is another popular choice,
particularly for those looking to delve deeper into problem-solving strategies.
"A Guide to Mathematics Olympiad for IOQM, RMO & INMO with 16 Previous
Years Solved Papers": This book offers a comprehensive approach with solved
examples and previous year papers.
Vedantu IOQM Book: This is a comprehensive guide designed for students in
classes 8-12, aligned with the latest exam patterns.
Allen IOQM Study Material: Allen's study material is also a popular choice, known
for its comprehensive coverage and self-explanatory format.
"Euclidean Geometry in Mathematical Olympiads" by Evan Chen: This book is
highly recommended for those focusing on geometry, a crucial area in the IOQM.
"Number Theory for Olympiads" by Abhishek Kumar: This book can be helpful
for those preparing for the Number Theory section of the IOQM.
"Inequalities: An Approach Through Problems" by B.J. Venkatachala: This
book can be useful for those focusing on inequalities.
"An Introduction to Diophantine Equations: A Problem-Based Approach" by
Dorin Andrica, Ion Cucurezeanu, et al.: This book is good for those focusing on
Diophantine equations.
"Complex Numbers from A to Z" by Titu Andreescu and Dorin Andrica: This
book is helpful for the complex numbers section of the IOQM.
"Functional Equations" by Venkatchala: This book is recommended for the
functional equations portion of the IOQM
References
Mathematical circles (Russian experience) by Fomin, Genkin, Itenberg.
Challenge and Thrill of Pre-College Mathematics by V. Krishnamurthy, C.R.
Pranesachar, K.N. Ranganathan, B.J. Venkatachala
A Beautiful Journey Through Olympiad Geometry by Stefan Lozanovski
Euclidean Geometry in Mathematical Olympiads (EGMO) by Evan Chen.
The Automatically Generated EGMO Solutions Treasury contains updated solutions
to a significant number of the sourced problems.
OTIS Excerpts by Evan Chen for non-geometry.
Olympiad Combinatorics, by Pranav A. Sriram, is an intermediate-advanced
textbook. Its chapters are available in posts #1, #11, #49 of here. There is a forum for
solutions of the problems which are not in the contest collections but from this book.
Olympiad NT through Challenging Problems, by Justin Stevens, is an introductory
olympiad text on number theory.
Modern Olympiad Number Theory, by Aditya Khurmi, is olympiad-oriented.
Problems from the Book by Titu Andreescu and Gabriel Dospinescu. Intermediate-
advanced textbook covering topics in inequalities, algebra, analysis, combinatorics,
and number theory.
Recommendations from Evan Chen for handouts, books.
Handouts and book recommendations by Yufei Zhao.
Problems and Solutions
Rustam Turdibaev and Olimjon Olimov compiled a 336-problem index of recent
problems by subject and MOHS rating (devised by Evan Chen).
Olympiad Problems and Solutions by Evan Chen.
Recommendations from Evan Chen for contests.
IMO Problems and Solutions at AoPS.
IMO Shortlisted Problems.
The IMO compendium by Djukić, Janković, Matić, Petrović.
Contest collections at AoPS.
Functional Equations in Mathematical Olympiads
