8
SCIENCE 8
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Forces and Motion
Science — Grade 8
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 — Module 2: Forces and Motion
First Edition, 2020
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Published by the Department of Education-Division of Gingoog City
Division Superintendent: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Development team of the module
Author: Yehlen V. Bendanillo
Editors:
Reviewers: Nilda U. Villegas, EPS-Science
Florida D. Arias, PhD, PSDS
Melinda M. Garabato, PhD.-P-II
Mary Thessa Jude Carrido- Dalupere, MT I
Illustrator: Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Layout Artist: Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Management Team
Chairperson: Jesnar Dems S. Torres, PhD, CESO VI
Schools Division Superintendent
Co-Chairperson: Conniebel C. Nistal, PhD
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Pablito B. Altubar, CID Chief
Members: Nilda U. Villegas , EPS-Science
Himaya B. Sinatao, LRMS Manager
Jay Michael A. Calipusan, PDO II
Mercy M. Caharian, Librarian II
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Office Address: Brgy. 23, National Highway, Gingoog
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[email protected] 8
SCIENCE
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Forces and Motion
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Table of Contents
What This Module is About.......................................................................................................i
What I Need to Know................................................................................................................i
How to Learn from this Module................................................................................................ii
Icons of this Module.................................................................................................................ii
What I Know............................................................................................................................iii
Lesson 1:
How A Body Responds To Changes in Motion...........................1
What I Need to Know..................................................................................................1
What’s New: Activity 1 - Paper Clips at Rest..............................................................2
Activity 2: On the Bottle-ground.............................................................3
What Is It.....................................................................................................................4
What I Have Learned: Activity 3 - Fallen Tin Game....................................................5
What I Can Do: Activity 4 - Arm Wrestling..................................................................6
Lesson 2:
Uniform Circular Motion.................................................................7
What I Need to Know..............................................................................................................8
What’s New Activity 1: Toma- turn..........................................................................................8
Activity 2: Whirl that Pail...........................................................................................................9
What Is It................................................................................................................................10
What I Have Learned Activity 3: Hula Hoop Challenge..........................................................10
What I Can Do Activity 4: Objects Exhibit Circular Motion.....................................................12
Summary...............................................................................................................................13
Assessment: (Post-Test).....................................................................................................14
Key to Answers.....................................................................................................................15
References............................................................................................................................18
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What This Module is About
In Grade 7, you have learned and explored motion of objects by means of
displacement, speed or velocity, and acceleration. You were doing activities wherein you
make visual representations of the motion objects such as tape charts and motion graphs.
Have you ever enjoyed studying them? In this module you will be more excited to learn
about the effects of force on motion which we experience in our real life situations.
Forces impact how objects move. They may cause an object to slow down, end, or
change directions. The motions we encounter in our daily lives are based on the principle of
Newton’s Three Laws of Motion. As you continue studying this module you will discover how
the Law of Newton has affected our lives.
This module consists of two (2) lessons prepared for you:
1. Lesson 1- How A Body Responds To Changes In Motion
2. Lesson 2- Uniform Circular Motion
i
What I Need to Know
At the end of this module, you should be able to:
1. demonstrate how a body responds to changes in motion S8FE-Ib-17; and
2. relate the laws of motion to bodies in uniform circular motion. S8FE-Ib-18
How to Learn from this Module
To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
• Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises diligently.
Answer all the given tests and exercises.
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
module.
What I know This is an assessment as to your level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.
What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through
various activities, before it will be presented
to you
What is It These are discussions of the activities as a
way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.
What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-
tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.
What I Have Activities designed to process what you
Learned have learned from the lesson
What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-
case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
ii
What I Know (Pre-Test)
I. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Choose the letter of the correct
answer and write in a piece of paper.
1. Which force would cause an object to fall?
A. friction B. net force
C. gravitational force D. centripetal force
2. A boy and a girl are pulling a heavy box at the same time with 5 units of force each.
What is the net force acting on the object?
A.5 units B. 10 units
C.15 units D. zero
3. If the sum of the forces equates to zero, they are considered as
A .net force B. combined
C. unbalanced D. balanced
4. The forces would cause a change in a body’s state of motion.
A. balanced B. combined
C. unbalanced D. gravitational
5. It refers to the size or strength of the force.
A. friction B. direction
C. magnitude D. gravitation
6. An object will remain at rest when the forces acting on it are .
A. equal in magnitude and in opposite direction
B. equal in magnitude and the same direction.
C. not equal in magnitude and in opposite direction
D. not equal in magnitude and the same direction
7. It is a force that acts between surfaces that are in contact with one another.
A. friction B. normal force
C. gravitational force D. tension force
8 .It is the straight line passing through the point of application.
A. direction of the force B. line of action
C. magnitude D. point of application
9. It is referred to as the push or pull.
A. acceleration B. force
C. magnitude D. velocity
10. When you are on a ride that goes in a circle, you feel pushed or pulled in a circular
motion. It happens because of .
A. centripetal force B. centrifugal force
C. tension force D. friction
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How A Body Responds To Changes in Motion (Balanced a
What I Need to Know
After completing this lesson, you are expected to:
1. demonstrate how a body responds to changes in motion.
What’s New
Activity 1: Paper Clips at Rest!
Objective:
After performing this activity, you should be able to identify the forces acting on an
object at rest.
Materials:
4 pieces paperclips (any size) pair of scissors
tie straw / string
Procedure
1. Connect all four paperclips as shown in the figure below.
Bendanillo, Yehlen.“Paper Clips”.2020.JPG file
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2. Tie the paperclips using tie straw and hang it to the wall. As shown below.
Bendanillo, Yehlen.“Hanging Paper Clips”.2020.JPG file
Q1. Are the hanging paperclips moving or at rest?
Q2. Are there forces acting on the paperclips hanging in the wall? If yes, illustrate
the forces by using arrows.
3. Using a pair of scissors cut the tie straw that holds the paperclips. See Figurebelow.
Bendanillo, Yehlen.“Cutting Hanging Paperclips”.2020.JPG file
Q3. What happens to the hanging paperclips? What could have caused the motion of
the hanging paperclips?
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Activity 2: On the Bottle-ground
Objective:
After performing this activity, you should be able to demonstrate how a body
responds to changes in motion.
Material needed:
empty mineral water bottle (or any disposable plastic bottle )
Procedure:
1. Put an empty bottle on the top of the table as shown below.
Bendanillo, Yehlen.“Empty Plastic Bottle”.2020.JPG File.
Q1. Is the empty plastic bottle at rest or in motion?
Q2. Are there forces acting on the empty plastic bottle? If yes, draw an illustration of
the force.
2. Let a partner (could be a family member) push the bottle in one direction and you
pushing it back in opposite direction with equal amount of push force.
Q3. Does the empty plastic bottle move? How do you move the empty bottle?
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What Is It
In Activities 1 and 2, both paperclips and the empty plastic bottle are at rest. This
doesn’t mean there is no force acting on them. You have learned in lower level that all
objects fall due to the gravity which pulls them towards the center of the earth. In any case,
what makes the hanging paperclips and the empty plastic bottle remain in place? Due to the
balanced forces acting on the paperclips hanging on a tie straw, they are considered at rest.
It occurs as a result of tension force (T). The empty plastic bottle, remains still because of the
upward push applied on it by the table which we refer as normal force (Fn). The forces acting
on the empty plastic bottle are also balanced.
We can say that the objects remained at rest because of the forces acting on them
which are in equal in magnitude and in opposite direction in both situations. The forces are
balanced as they lie along in the same line of action. This was demonstrated in Activity 2.
The clips will fall when you cut the string that connects to the paperclips. The empty
bottle will move but it will stop from moving if you don’t continuously push it if you push the
empty plastic bottle to the other side of the table. Due to the absence of force acting on it to
respond the pull of gravity, the paperclips fall. Because of the push that you applied, the
empty plastic bottle moves which means that the forces applied on these objects are no
longer balanced. Take note, it is has balanced forces if an object is initially at rest.
Unbalanced forces are acting on it when an object changes its state of motion or
accelerates. Acceleration is not just an increase in velocity, but also a decrease in velocity.
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What I Have Learned
Activity 3 – Fallen Tin Game (Tumbang Lata)
Objective:
After performing this activity, you should be able to demonstrate the effect of
unbalanced forces on how a body or an object responds to changes in motion.
Materials:
empty can slippers
Procedure:
Think of a game fallen tin can (tumbang lata or tumbang preso).
Place the empty can on the ground. Q1. What forces are acting on the
empty can?
3. Hit the empty can with your slippers.
Q2. What happens to the empty can? What forces are acting on it?
Q3. Explain an example of balanced and unbalanced forces that you could observe while
playing the game.
Q4. Draw a diagram of forces acting upon it.
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What I Can Do
Activity 4: Arm Wrestling Game (Bunong-braso, Gangi)
Introduction:
Balanced forces cannot cause change in motion, unbalanced forces can. If you
push against a brick wall, will it move? If you push against a chair will it move?
Materials needed:
table a partner (might be a sibling/ family member)
stool or chair chalk
Procedure:
1. Place both of your partner’s arms on top of the table. Mark in between both of your
arms using a chalk and start the arm wrestling.
Q1. Predict what will happen if you exerted more force than your partner during arm
wrestling. Explain.
Q2. What if both of you exerted same amount of force or strength? Does any of you go
beyond the mark? How does this happen?
2. Record your findings in your activity notebook.
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Uniform Circular Motion
What I Need To Know
After completing this lesson you are expected to:
1. relate the laws of motion to bodies in uniform circular motion.S8FE-Ib-18
What’s New
Activity 1: Toma- Turn!
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to relate the laws of motion to
bodies in uniform circular motion.
Materials Needed:
medium sized tomato (not overripe)
small basin
Procedure:
1. Pick a medium size tomato (not over riped) from your garden or from your kitchen.
As shown on the figure below.
Bendanillo, Yehlen. “Ripe Tomato”.2020.JPG File.
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2. Get a small basin with a flat bottom. As shown below.
Bendanillo, Yehlen. “Small Basin”.2020.JPG File.
3. Place the tomato inside the basin, and shake the basin clockwise like shown
below, for 10 seconds. Observe the movement of tomato.
Bendanillo, Yehlen. “Tomato in a Basin”.2020.JPG File.
4. After 10 seconds, stop shaking the basin and let it rest. Observe what happens.
Directions:Answer the following guide questions in your activity notebook.
Guide questions:
Q1. What have you observed before, during and after shaking the basin with the tomato
inside?
Q2. How does the tomato move while shaking? What happens to the tomato when you
stopped shaking the basin?
Q3. How can you relate the movement of that tomato to the laws of motion?
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Activity 2: Whirl That Pail
Objectives:
.After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. describe uniform circular motion ; and
2. relate the laws of motion to bodies in uniform circular motion.
Materials:
rope or nylon string
small pail
Procedure:
1. Tie a rope about 1m to a pail (the one we use to fetch water.)
2. Whirl the small pail at the end of the string above your head until you are able to make
horizontal circles as shown in figure below.
Source: [Digital image]. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://baphysicsproject.weebly.com/
3. Observe how the pail moves while moving in circular path.
4. Observe how your hand behaves while whirling the string or rope tied to the pail.
5. Observe what happens if you suddenly let go of the pail out from your hand.
Q1. Describe the movement of the pail.
Q2. What causes the pail to move in circular motion?
Q3. Where is the force of your hand directed to?
Q4. How does the pail travel after release?
Q5. How will you relate this activity to the laws of motion to bodies in uniform circular
motion?
-
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What Is It
In Activity 2 ‘Toma-Turn”, once you shake the basin with tomato inside, you noticed that
the tomato rolled over the bottom of the basin. Through the motion of your hand, it caused the
tomato to move. You can relate this activity to laws of motion, which is described in Newton’s first
law stated that unless there are other forces involved, an object in motion will continue in the
same direction at the same speed. There is another force involved if you see any changes in its
direction or speed. While you were watching your tomato during the activity you noticed that both
its direction and speed are changing. Due to centripetal force, the tomato moved in circular
path. It is a force acting on a body moving in a circular path.
After performing Activities 2 and 3, you learned that when an object moves in a circle with
constant speed it is called uniform circular motion. In Newton’s Second Law of Motion, the net
force must be used in rotating objects. You need to pull the pail in the middle of the circular path
for the pail to move in horizontal circle,
The rope that pulls the object towards the center of circular path is where the force comes
from. Centripetal force acted on a body (pail) moving in a circular path and is directed toward the
center in which the body is moving was shown in that activity. With a constant rate of rotation and
constant speed or can be non-uniform with changing rate of rotation, the movement of that pail
along the circumference of a circle could be uniform.
What I Have Learned
Activity 3: Hula Hoop Challenge
Objective:
After performing this activity, you should be able to determine the direction of motion
for an object traveling in a circular pattern
Materials needed:
plastic or rattan hula hoop
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Procedure:
1. Place the hula hoop around your waist or you can challenge somebody to spin
hula hoop around his/ her waist.
2. Next challenge, shift the hula hoop up to the neck and back to your waist.
3. Lastly, challenge yourself to whirl the hula hoop one on each arm at the same time.
Answer the following guide questions on your activity notebook.
Q1. How would you describe the movement of the hula hoop?
Q2. Why does the hula hoop stay around your waist while you are spinning?
Q3. What will happen if you slowly spin the hula hoop around your waist, neck and arms?
Does it continue moving around?
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What I Can Do
Activity 3: Objects Exhibit Circular Motion at Home
A. Directions: List at least five (5) objects at home which exhibit circular motions. Give their
uses. Fill in the table below.
Objects that exhibit circular Uses
motion
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
B. Directions: Using recyclable materials create a toy or a ride (Ferris wheel, merry- go-
around, roller coaster etc.) that exhibits uniform circular motion.
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Summary
Unbalanced forces cause an object to accelerate and balanced forces give objects zero
acceleration. The object’s mass times its acceleration is equal to the unbalanced forces acting on
an object. The paperclips fall when you cut the tie straw connected to the hanging paperclips. The
empty plastic moves because you pushed. Forces acting on the empty plastic bottle are no longer
balanced.
An object is constantly changing its direction in all instances as it moves in a circle. The
motion of an object moving in a circle at a constant speed is uniform circular motion. It will result
in acceleration when there is a change in direction or a change in speed. The object moving in
uniform circular motion is accelerating towards the center because of centripetal force.
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Assessment: (Post-Test)
I. Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read and answer the questions below. Choose the letter of the correct answer
and write in your answer sheet.
1. How does unbalanced forces affect the motion of an object?
A. It can cause no changes in speed.
B. It can cause no changes in direction.
C. It can stop the object from moving.
D. It can cause resting object to move.
2. Which of the following forces below are acting on an object moving at constant speed in
same direction?
A. balanced forces B. combined forces
C. unbalanced forces D. centripetal force
3. What force remains constant in uniform circular motion?
A. balanced forces B. combined forces
C. centripetal forces D. unbalanced forces
4. Which of the following refers to the overall force acting on an object?
A. net force B. unbalanced force
C. balanced force D. tension force
5. Which forces are acting on a stuffed toy that is placed on top of a shelf?
A. friction and centripetal force
B. normal force and force of gravity
C. tension force and force of gravity
D. tension force and normal force
6. Which of the following are characteristics of circular motion?
A. speed of an object unchanged B. object moves along a circle
C. the direction of radius vector is constant D. magnitude of velocity is constant
7. Which of the following describes balanced forces?
A. a stick changing position B. a pen that dropped from a table
C. a ping pong ball moving back and forth D. 5 volumes of encyclopedia on top of a table
8. Which law of motion explains uniform circular motion?
A. Law of Inertia B. Law of Interaction
C. Law of Action and Reaction D. Law of Acceleration
9. What forces keep a roller coaster on the track?
A. tension and centripetal force B. normal and centripetal force
C. friction and centripetal force D. gravity and centripetal force
10 .Which of the following objects exhibit uniform circular motion?
A. Ferries wheel B. car in parking lot
C. badminton racket hanging D. bowling ball at rest
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Key to Answers
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References
Beston amusement equipment factory. 2020. Ferris Wheel - Beston Amusement Equipment
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June 2020].
Campo, P., Chavez, M., Catris, L., Ferido, M., Fontanilla, I., Gutierrez, J., Jusayan, S. and
Mantala, M., n.d. Science Learner's Module. 13th ed. Department of Education, pp.3-23.
Clipart Art. 2020. Animated Tug Of War Clip Freeuse Download. [online] Available at:
<https://clipartart.com/categories/animated-tug-of-war-clipart.html>; [Accessed 10 June
2020].
Cool Science Experiments Headquarters. 2020. Tornado In A Bottle. [online] Available at:
<https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/tornado-in-a-bottle/>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].
JustScience. 2020. Energy And Its Types - Justscience. [online] Available at:
<http://www.justscience.in/articles/energy-and-its-types/2017/05/14>; [Accessed 10 June
2020].
Pinterest. 2020. Pinterest. [online] Available at:
<https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/819092250962338056/visual- search/?
x=0.011111111111111113&y=0.016666666666666666&h=0.9361111111111109&
w=0.9888888888888889&tab=0>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].
Study.com. 2020. [online] Available at: <https://study.com/academy/lesson/the-centripetal-
force-requirement-definition-examples-problems.html>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].
Toppr-guides. 2020. Circular Motion: Definition, Terminologies, Videos And Examples.
[online] Available at: <https://www.toppr.com/guides/physics/motion/uniform-circular-
motion/>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].
wiseGEEK. 2020. What Is Circular Motion? (With Pictures). [online] Available at:
<https://m.wisegeek.com/what-is-circular-motion.htm>; [Accessed 10 June 2020].
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