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CN Assignment 1

CSMA/CD is a network protocol for wired networks like Ethernet that manages how devices share communication channels to prevent data collisions. It operates by having devices listen to the channel, transmit when free, and use a backoff algorithm after collisions. CSMA/CA, used in wireless networks like Wi-Fi, employs a similar approach but focuses on collision avoidance through techniques like RTS/CTS and random backoff before transmission.

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9 views2 pages

CN Assignment 1

CSMA/CD is a network protocol for wired networks like Ethernet that manages how devices share communication channels to prevent data collisions. It operates by having devices listen to the channel, transmit when free, and use a backoff algorithm after collisions. CSMA/CA, used in wireless networks like Wi-Fi, employs a similar approach but focuses on collision avoidance through techniques like RTS/CTS and random backoff before transmission.

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aribaamir309
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision

Detection)
Definition:
 CSMA/CD is a network protocol used in wired networks like Ethernet to control
how devices share the same communication medium.
 It helps avoid data collisions when multiple devices try to send data at the same time.

Working:
1. Carrier Sense: The device listens to the channel to check if it is idle (no one else is
transmitting).
2. Multiple Access: All devices have equal access to the channel.
3. Collision Detection:
o If the channel is free, the device starts transmitting.

o While sending, it keeps monitoring the channel.

o If a collision is detected, it stops transmitting immediately.

4. Backoff Algorithm: After a collision, the device waits for a random amount of time
before trying again.

Algorithm Used in CSMA/CD:


Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm
 After each collision, the waiting time increases exponentially.
 Example: If collision occurs twice, wait randomly between 0 to 2²−1 = 3 time slots.

Used In:
 Wired networks like Ethernet.

CSMA/CA (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision


Avoidance)
Definition
 CSMA/CA is used in wireless networks like Wi-Fi to avoid collisions before they
happen, since it's hard to detect collisions over wireless.

Working:
1. Carrier Sense: Device listens to the channel.
2. If channel is idle, it waits for a small time called IFS (Interframe Space).
3. Then it waits for a random backoff time.
4. If the channel is still free, it transmits data.
5. If the channel is busy, it keeps waiting and tries again after backoff.

Collision Avoidance Techniques:


 RTS/CTS (Request to Send / Clear to Send):
o Sender sends RTS.

o Receiver replies with CTS.

o This reserves the channel and avoids collision.

Algorithm Used in CSMA/CA:


Random Backoff Algorithm
 Random waiting time before transmission to reduce chances of collision.

Used In:
 Wireless networks like Wi-Fi.

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