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 SHS

Disciplines and Ideas

in the Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Concepts and Principles of the
Major Social Sciences Theories:
Structural – Functionalism, Marxism,
and Symbolic Interactionism

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Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences (DISS) – SHS Grade
11 Quarter 1 – Week 5
Module 5: The Basic Concepts and Principles of the Major Social Science
Theories

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall

subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior
approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created
shall be necessary for the exploitation of such work for a profit. Such
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand

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seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright
owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L.
Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Ryan M. Paredes, Pamukid NHS, San Fernando, Camarines Sur

Language Editor: Mary Grace E. Caceres, Pamplona NHS, Camarines
Sur Editors: Antonio Caesar A. Valencia, Juan F. Triviňo MHS,
Camarines Sur
Patricia Joanna Botardo, San Fernando NHS,
Camarines Sur Reviewers: Francis Hassel N. Pedido, Pamplona
NHS, Camarines Sur Illustrators: Evan Lee P. Leonem, Milaor
CS, Camarines Sur
Alvin G. Alejandro, Ysiro ES, SDO Antipolo
City Abegael S. Arindaeng, Dalipay HS,
Camarines Sur

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 Social science is a branch of science devoted to the
study of societies and the relationships among individuals
within those societies. Studying it can provide us with so
many important answers and observations that may help
improve the understanding of our lives, and thus help us to
improve our interactions with each other. It provides insight
into all types of social situations, such as social
relationships, cultural differences, and so on.

As a Senior High School student, part of your

responsibility is to increase your knowledge, widen your
awareness, and deepen
your understanding by studying how people put their societies together.
We are looking at the impacts of their decisions on how their societies
should be run.

In this module, you will learn about the concepts and principles of
the major social science theories, specifically the Structural –
functionalism, Marxism, and Symbolic Interactionism.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social sciences
theories:
a. Structural – functionalism b. Marxism c. Symbolic Interactionism
At the end of the module, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the basic concepts and principles of the major social sciences
theories;
a. Structural – functionalism b. Marxism c. Symbolic Interactionism
2. Distinguish carefully importance of the basic concepts and
principles of the following major social sciences theories by sharing
personal experiences; and
a. Structural – functionalism b. Marxism c. Symbolic
Interactionism
3. Create a reflection paper about the major social sciences theories:
Since you already know our target for this module, are you ready to
learn more? I hope that you will enjoy all the activities and reading
materials that we have prepared for you. Good luck and happy
learning to you.
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 1

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 Class – a group of people within society who have the same economic
and social position
Dialectical – discovering what is true by considering opposite theories
Equilibrium – a state of balance
Evolutionary – involving a gradual process of change and development
Function – the natural purpose (of something) or the duty (of a person).
Functionalism – the principle that the most important thing about an
object such as a building is its use rather than what it
looks like.
Historical – connected with studying or representing things from the past
Interaction – an occasion when two or more people or things
communicate with or react to each other
Latent – present but needing particular conditions to become
active, obvious, or completely developed
Manifest – to show something clearly, through signs or actions
Marxism – a social, political, and economic theory that is based on
the writings of Karl Marx
Materialism – the belief that having money and possessions is the
most important thing in life
Philosophical – relating to the study or writing of philosophy
Structural – relating to the way in which parts of a system or object
are arranged.
Symbolic – representing something else

DIRECTIONS. Choose the best answer to the following

questions/statements below. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. Which of the following BEST describes structural-functionalism?

A. A perspective in sociology that sees society as a complex
system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and
stability.
B. Tells that society is made up of groups or institutions, which
are cohesive, share common norms, and have a definitive
culture.
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 C. Explains that the way society is organized is the most natural
and efficient way for it to be organized.
D. All of the above.

2. For groups to be cohesive in a social context, positive membership

attitudes and behaviors have to be produced and maintained. It
can be looked at on both an individual and group level at a group
level is directly affected by the individual members. Which of the
following concepts describes the bonds that bring people together
in a society?
A. Social Inequality C. Social Stability
B. Social Cohesion D. Social Cohesive

3. According to functionalism, society is a system of interconnected parts

that work together in harmony to maintain a state of balance and
social equilibrium for the whole. Each of the social institutions
contributes to important functions for society. Which of the
following institution can offer a way to transmit a society’s skills,
knowledge, and culture to its youth?
A. Religion B. Economy C. Education D. Family

4. Robert Merton believes that 5 situations are facing an actor in

Structural Functionalism. Which of the following statement is
FALSE?
A. Conformity occurs when an individual has the means and
desire to achieve the cultural goals socialized into them.
B. Innovation occurs when an individual strives to attain the
accepted cultural goals but chooses to do so in a novel or
unaccepted method.
C. Ritualism occurs when an individual continues to do things as
prescribed by society but forfeits the achievement of the
goals.
D. Rebellion is the rejection of both the means and the goals of society.
5. It is the amount of socially necessary labor-time needed to produce an
article under the normal conditions of production and with the
average degree of skill and intensity of the time.
A. Surplus value C. Labor theory of value
B. Exchange value D. Use value

6. What would Marx argue that needs to happen to transform a society's culture?
A. the economic foundation would have to be changed
B. new technologies would need to be introduced
C. the mass media would need to be changed
D. the economic foundation would remain the same

7. Which one of the following is a reason why Marx cannot be rejected

because of his ideological orientation?
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A. Marxism is the only sociological theory that is ideologically biased.
B. Marx tried to hide his ideological orientations.
3

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 C. Marx argued that a violent overthrow of capitalism is the only
way to end exploitation
D. Marx was essentially a humanist, not a bloodthirsty revolutionary

8. Which of the following is true about symbolic interactionism?

A. It is a type of lens for looking at the world
B. It is focused on language and symbols in day to day life
C. It includes the belief that reality is socially constructed
D. All of the answers are correct

9. According to symbolic interactionist, human beings differ from animals

because
.
A. Humans show greater affection than animals
B. A human being can take the role of the other
C. Humans are only proactive and not reactive like animals
D. All of the above

10. Because Mead discusses generalized other, which of the following

statements is true?
A. There is no “me” at birth, it is formed through continual
symbolic interaction
B. The “I” is more important than the “me” informing our sense of self
C. The generalized other is really who we are, we just don’t
understand what Mead is saying
D. Societal expectations have little impact on who we think we are.

LET’S CHECK THE RESULT

RATING LEVEL
10-8 EXCELLENT!
Congratulations! You can proceed to the next page
and continue to learn the lesson.
7-5 BETTER!
You can go back to those lessons that you’ve missed
and
continue
4-3 VERY GOOD!
You can improve your knowledge and continue to learn
the
next lesson.
2-0 NEEDS IMPROVEMENT!
This module will help you to learn better with the new

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LET’S READ AND ANALYZE
DIRECTIONS: You will read and analyze the basic concepts and principles
of the major social sciences theories: Structural – Functionalism, Marxism,
and Symbolic Interactionism.

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM

Structural Functionalism is a
framework for building theory that
sees society as a complex system
whose parts work together to
promote solidarity and stability.
Economy, religion, politics, education,
and family are to be considered
groups as a major institution.
Individual and group behavior, more
often than not, serves a FUNCTION for
the larger society.

According to functionalism,
society is a system of interconnected
parts that work together in harmony
SOURCE:
to maintain a state of balance and social https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/
commons/th
equilibrium for the whole. umb/5/5d/General_Diagram_of_Structural-
Functionalists’ perspectives emphasize theFunctionalism.png/800px-
General_Diagram_of_Structural-
interconnectedness of society by focusing on
how each part influences and is influenced
by other parts. Functionalists use the
terms functional and dysfunctional to
describe the
effects of social elements on society. It is functional if they contribute to
social stability and dysfunctional if they disrupt social stability. Some
aspects
of society can be both functional and dysfunctional.
For example, crime is dysfunctional because it is
associated with physical violence, loss of property, and
fear.

Robert Merton identified two types of functions,

the manifest function, and latent function. Manifest
SOURCE:
functions are consequences that are intended and https://
upload.wikimedia.or
commonly recognized. In contrast, latent functions are
g/wikipedia/en/0/08/Rober
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t
consequences that are unintended and often hidden.
For example, the manifest function of education is to
transmit knowledge and skills to society’s youth. But
public elementary schools also serve as

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babysitters for employed parents, and colleges offer a place for young
adults to meet potential mates. The babysitting and mate-selection
functions are not the intended or commonly recognized functions of
education; hence they are latent functions. According to him, 5 situations
are facing an actor. Conformity occurs when an individual has the means
and desire to achieve the cultural goals socialized into them. Innovation
occurs when an individual strives to attain the accepted cultural goals but
chooses to do so in a novel or unaccepted method. Ritualism occurs when
an individual continues to do things as prescribed by society but forfeits
the achievement of the goals. Retreatism is the rejection of both the
means and the goals of society. Rebellion is a combination of the rejection
of societal goals and means and a substitution of other goals and means.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_functionalism
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sociological_Theory/Structural_Functi
onalism
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/functi
onalism/

MARXISM
Marxism is a method of socioeconomic analysis
that uses a materialist interpretation of historical
development to understand class relations and social
conflict, as well as a dialectical perspective to view
social transformation.

Karl Marx (1818-1883) wrote the Communist

SOURCE: Manifesto (1848) that shows the basic struggle
https://
upload.wikimed between classes and recommends action against the
ia.org/wikipedia/co 'specter' of capitalism Capital (1867). It shows how the
mm
ons/thumb/d/d4/Kar capitalist system is exploitative in that it "transfers the
l_ fruit of the work of the majority...to a minority”. The
book contains theories about the nature of society and
politics, that in their own words, "The history of all as
yet existing
society is the history of class struggles".
Friedrich Engels (1820 – 1895) was a German
social scientist, author, political theorist, philosopher,
and father of Marxist theory, together with Karl Marx.
He wrote Das Kapital. He organized Marx's notes on the
"Theories of Surplus Value," which he later published as
the "fourth volume" of Capital. He wrote the Origin of
the Family, Private Property, and the State (1884),
SOURCE: presents the evolution of humankind from primitive
https://
upload.wikimedia.
communism, to slavery, feudalism, capitalism, and
org/wikipedia/commo finally, industrial communism.
ns/
thumb/2/21/Friedrich_
En gels_portrait_ Marx and Engels examined the conflict generated
%28cropp ed
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%29.jpg/220px-
by the increasing wealth of the capitalists (Bourgeoisie)
at the expense of the working class (Proletariat) who
only sunk deeper into poverty. Violence and repression
could reinforce legal power if

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the peasantry resisted handing over the surplus. They viewed social
change as an evolutionary process marked by a revolution in which new
levels of social, political, and economic development were achieved
through class struggle. A class is defined in terms of the relationship of
people's labor to the means of production. Each mode of production
produced characteristic class relationships involving a dominating and a
subordinate class.

Historical materialism is a methodology used that focuses on human

societies and their development through history, arguing that history is
the result of material conditions rather than ideals. It is principally a
theory of history that asserts that the material conditions of a society's
mode of production, the union of a society's productive forces and
relations of production, fundamentally determine society's organization
and development. It is materialist as it does not believe that history has
been driven by an individual's consciousness or ideas but rather
subscribes to the philosophical monism that matter is the fundamental
substance of nature and henceforth the driving force in all of world
history.

Dialectical materialism is a philosophy of science and nature

developed in Europe and based on the writings of Marx and Engels.
Marxist dialectics emphasizes the importance of real-world conditions in
terms of class, labor, and socioeconomic interactions. Marx supposed that
these material conditions contained contradictions that seek resolution in
new forms of social organization. Dialectical materialism accepts the
evolution of the natural world and the emergence of new qualities of being
at new stages of evolution. Change within a society is seen as the result of
contradictions arising between the forces of production and the relations
of production. Such contradictions are seen to emerge as a struggle
between distinct social classes.

Sources: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_materialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_materialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Engels
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marxism.asp
https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/help/marxi
sm.htm

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

Symbolic interactionism is a sociological theory

that develops from practical considerations and
suggests to people's particular utilization of dialect to
SOURCE:
make images and normal implications, for deduction
https:// and correspondence with others. This perspective relies
upload.wikimedia
.org/wikipedia/ on the symbolic meaning that people develop and build
commons Downloaded by Summer Falls
/thumb/3/3f/
upon in the process of social interaction. The
interpretation process that occurs between interactions
helps create and recreate meaning. It is the shared
understanding and interpretations of meaning that
affect the interaction between
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individuals A theory analyzes society by addressing the subjective
meanings that people impose on objects, events, and behaviors.
Subjective meanings are given primacy because it is believed that people
behave based on what they believe and not just on what is objectively
true. It looks at individual and group meaning-making, focusing on human
action instead of large-scale social structures.

Symbolic interaction was conceived by George

Herbert Mead. He is the one who argued that “people's
selves are social products, but that these selves are
also purposive and creative.” He argued that people's
selves are social products, but these selves are also
purposive and creative and believed that the true test
of any theory is if it is "useful in solving complex social SOURCE:
https://
problems”. It is a social theory of the self or a looking upload.wikimedia.o
glass self. It studies meaning and communication and rg/wikipedia/commons/
0/0
they tend to use qualitative methods. It has been 1/George_Herbert_Mea
criticized for failing to take into account large-scale
macro-social structures and forces. For example,
studies find that teenagers are well informed about
the risks of tobacco, but they also think that smoking is cool, they will be
safe from harm, and smoking projects a positive image to their peers. So,
the symbolic meaning of smoking overrides the facts regarding smoking
and risk.

The Three Basic Premises by Herbert Blumer (1969) set out three
basic premises of the perspective:
1. "Humans act toward things based on the meanings they ascribe to
those things." includes everything that a human being may note in
their world, including physical objects, actions, and concepts.
Essentially, individuals behave towards objects and others based on
the personal meanings that the individuals have already given these
items.
2. "The meaning of such things is derived from, or arises out of, the social
interaction that one has with others and the society." arises out of, the
social interaction that one has with other humans.
3. "These meanings are handled in, and modified through, an
interpretative process used by the person in dealing with the things
he/she encounters." We naturally talk to ourselves to sort out the
meaning of a difficult situation.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_interactionism
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/reading-symbolic-
interactionist-theory blob:https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/cb2b9593-d05b-4392-
a81d-a07adb52c5a1

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ACTIVITY: I WRITE IT!

DIRECTIONS: Your task is to write the basic concepts and principles of

Structural – Functionalism, Marxism, and Symbolic Interactionism by
writing your answer in the Venn Diagram. Based on your answer from the
article that you have read earlier. Write your answers on a separate sheet
of paper.

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM

MARXISM SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

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ACTIVITY: I SHARE IT
DIRECTIONS: Your task is to carefully distinguish the importance of basic
concepts and principles of the following major social sciences theories
(Structural – Functionalism, Marxism, and Symbolic Interactionism) by
sharing your personal experiences in the following institutions: Family,
Church, School, Government, and Media. After this, answer the guide
questions that follow. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

INSTITUTION PERSONAL EXPERIENCES

FAMILY

CHURCH

SCHOOL

GOVERNMENT

MEDIA
Guide Questions:
1. How did structural-functionalism help you interpret
some personal experiences?
2. Why is there a need to interpret personal experiences using
structural- functionalism?
3. How important is structural functionalism in understanding the
different institutions in society?
4. How can our personal and social experiences about social
inequality help us understand others and our society as a whole?
5. What do you think are the reasons why social inequalities exist in
society?
6. Why did you come up with that personal experience?
7. How do you consider these scenarios/everyday forms of
interactions as the portrayal of symbolic interactionism?
8. What symbols triggered you in interpreting your personal experience?

10

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ACTIVITY: REFLECTIVE WRITING
DIRECTIONS: Your task is to write a reflection paper on of the three
(3) major social sciences theories: Structural – Functionalism
(How important is structural functionalism in understanding the
different institutions in society?), Marxism (How our society
influence or affect an individual’s principle?) and Symbolic
Interactionism (Does symbolic interactionism affect our daily life?
Why?). Use your notebook to write your answers.

REFLECTIVE WRITING RUBRIC

5 4 3 2 1
Demonstrate a Demonstrate a Demonstrate a Demonstrate a Demonstrate a
conscious and thoughtful basic limited little or no
thorough understanding understanding understanding understanding
of of of
understandin of the subject the the subject the subject
Depth of reflection g of the matter. subject matter. The matter. The
subject matter.
matter. This reflection needs reflection needs
reflection can revision revision
be used as an
example for
other students
Use specific Use relevant Use examples Use incomplete No examples
and convincing examples from from the text to or vaguely from the text
are
examples from the text support most developed used and claims
Use of textual the text studied to claims in your examples to made in your
evidence studied support writing, with only writing are
to support claims in your partially
support
claims in your writing, some claims with no unsupported
making and
writing, applicable connections connections irrelevant to the
making
insightful and connections made between made between topic at hand
applicable between texts texts texts
connections
between texts
Use language Use language Use of basic Use language Use language
that is precise that is fluent appropriate that is vague or that is
unsuitable
and engaging and original,language, with imprecise for for the
a the audience,
with a notable with a sense of basic sense of audience, with and purpose
sense of voice, voice voice, some little sense of with little or no
Language use awareness of awareness of awareness of voice and awareness of
audience and audience and audience and limited how to vary
awareness of
purpose and purpose and purpose and how to vary sentence
varied the ability to some attempt sentence structure
to
sentence vary sentence vary sentence structure
structure structure structure
Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrate Demonstrate
control of the control of the partial control limited control little or no
of of
conventions conventions the conventions the conventions control of the
with exhibiting exhibiting exhibiting conventions
essentially
no errors, even occasional occasional frequent errors making
Conventions with errors only errors that do that make comprehension
sophisticated when using not hinder comprehension almost
language sophisticated comprehension difficult impossible
language

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SOURCE: - https://image.slidesharecdn.com/reflectivewritingrubric-100527234034-phpapp01/95/
reflective- writing-rubric-1-728.jpg?cb=1275003647

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 Score Numerical Rating Adjectival Rating
20 100%
18 96% Excellent
17 92%
15 88% Very good
13 84%
11 80% Good
10 76%
9 72% Fair
7 68%
5 64% Needs Improvement
3 62%
1 60%

DIRECTIONS. Choose the best answer to the following

questions/statements below. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. According to Functionalism, each of the social institutions contributes

important functions for society. Which of the following institution
can offer a way to transmit a society’s skills, knowledge, and
culture to its youth?
A. Education B. Religion C. Family D. Economics
2. Which of the following does NOT describe structural-functionalism?
A. a perspective in sociology that sees society as a complex
system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and
stability.
B. tells that society is made up of groups or institutions, which are
cohesive, share common norms, and have a definitive culture.
C. explains that the way society is organized is the most natural
and efficient way for it to be organized.
D. None of the above.
3. It is the amount of socially necessary labor-time needed to produce an
article under the normal conditions of production and with the
average degree of skill and intensity of the time.
A. Use value C. Exchange value
B. The labor theory of value D. Surplus value
4. For groups to be cohesive in a social context, positive membership
attitudes and behaviors have to be produced and maintained. It
can be looked at on both an individual and group level at a
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group level is directly affected by the
12

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 individual members. Which of the following concepts describes the
bonds that bring people together in a society?
A. Social Stability C. Social Inequality
B. Social Cohesive D. Social Cohesion
5. Robert Merton believes that 5 situations are facing an actor in
Structural Functionalism. Which of the following is statement
is/are true?
A. Conformity occurs when an individual has the means and
desire to achieve the cultural goals socialized into them.
B. Innovation occurs when an individual strives to attain the
accepted cultural goals but chooses to do so in a novel or
unaccepted method.
C. Ritualism occurs when an individual continues to do things as
prescribed by society but forfeits the achievement of the goals.
D. All of the above
6. According to Symbolic Interactionists, human
beings differ from animals .
A. Because humans show greater affection than animals
B. Because human being can take the role of the other
C. Because humans are only proactive and not reactive like animals
D. All of the above
7. Because on Mead’s discussion of generalized other, which of the
following statements is TRUE?
A. Societal expectations have little impact on who we think we are.
B. There is no “me” at birth, it is formed through continual
symbolic interaction
C. The “I” is more important than the “me” informing our sense of self
D. The generalized other is really who we are, we just don’t
understand what Mead is saying
8. Which one of the following is a reason why Marx cannot be rejected
because of his ideological orientation?
A. Marxism is the only sociological theory that is ideologically biased.
B. Marx tried to hide his ideological orientations.
C. Marx argued that a violent overthrow of capitalism is the only
way to end exploitation
D. Marx was essentially a humanist, not a bloodthirsty revolutionary
9. What would be Marx’s argument that needs to happen to transform
a society's culture?
A. the mass media would need to be changed
B. Marx was essentially a humanist, not a bloodthirsty revolutionary
C. the economic foundation would have to be changed
D. new technologies would need to be introduced
10.Which of the following is true about symbolic interactionism?

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 13

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 A. It is a type of lens for looking at the world
B. It is focused on language and symbols in day to day life
C. It includes the belief that reality is socially constructed
D. All of the answers are correct

LET’S CHECK THE RESULT

RATING LEVEL
10-8 EXCELLENT! Congratulations! You can proceed to
the next page and continue to learn the lesson.
7-5 BETTER! You can go back to those lessons that
you’ve missed and continue.
4-3 VERY GOOD! You can improve your knowledge
and continue to learn the next lesson.
2-0 NEEDS IMPROVEMENT! This module will help you
to learn better with the new lesson. You can do it.
Let’s open the next page.

ACTIVITY: SOCIAL FUNCTION or DYSFUNCTION,

MANIFEST or LATENT FUNCTION
DIRECTIONS: Your task is to list down social functions, dysfunctions,
manifest and latent functions that you observe in your community by
using the T-chart. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Social Function Dysfunction

Manifest Latent

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 ACTIVITY: I SAY!
DIRECTIONS: Your task is to write an essay about the
strengths and weaknesses of Structural – Functionalism,
Marxism, and Symbolic Interactionism. Write your answers
on a separate sheet of paper.

RUBRICS FOR ESSAY WRITING

FOCUS CONTENT ORGANIZATION STYLE CONVENTIONS

The single The presence of The order The choice use Grammar,
controlling ideas developed developed and and mechanics,
point arrangement
made with an through facts, sustained within of words and spelling, usage
awareness of anecdotes, and across sentence and sentence
the details,
task about the opinion, paragraphs using structure that formation
statistics,
topic. reasons and/or transitional create tone and
devices
explanations and including voice
introduction and
conclusion
Sharp, a distinct Substantial, specific, A sophisticated Precise, illustrative Evident control of
controlling point and/or illustrative arrangement of use of a variety of grammar,
made about a content demonstrate content with evident words and mechanics,
sentence
single topic with strong and/or structures to spelling,
4 evident development and subtle create writers usage and
awareness sophisticated transitions voice and sentence
of task ideas tone appropriate formation
to
the audience
Apparent point Sufficiently The functional Generic use of a Sufficient control
developed
made about a content with arrangement of variety of words of grammar,
adequate and
single topic with elaboration or content with sentence mechanics,
sustains structures
sufficient explanation a logical order with that may or may spelling,
3 awareness of some evidence of not create writers usage and
task voice sentence
transitions and tone formation
appropriate to the
audience
No apparent point Limited content with Confused or Limited word Limited control of
choice
but evidence of a inadequate inconsistent and control grammar,
specific topic elaboration or arrangement of sentence mechanics,
structures
explanation content with that inhibit voice spelling,
2 or without and tone usage and
attempts sentence
transitions formation
Minimal evidence Superficial and/or Minimal control of Minimal variety in Minimal control
the of
of a topic minimal content content word choice and grammar,
arrangement
minimal control of mechanics,
sentence spelling, usage
1 structures and sentence
formation

SOURCE: https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubricsko-131215081453-
phpapp01/95/rubrics-in-essay-1-638.jpg?cb=1436976225

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 15

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 PRE-TEST POST-TEST

1. A 6. A 1. D 6. B
2. B 7. C 2. B 7. A
3. C 8. D 3. C 8. A
4. D 9. D 4. A 9. B
5. C 10. D 5. D 10. D

Practice Task 1. I WRITE IT – Answer may vary.

Practice Task 2. I SHARE IT – Answer may vary.
Practice Task 3. REFLECTIVE WRITING – Answer may vary.
Additional Activities
1. SOCIAL FUNCTION or DYSFUNCTION, MANIFEST or LATENT
FUNCTION – Answer may vary.
2. I SAY – Answer may vary.

I. DICTIONARY
CLASS. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/class
DIALECTICAL.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/dialectical
EQUILIBRIUM.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/equilibrium
EVOLUTIONARY.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/evolutionary
FUNCTION. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/function
FUNCTIONALISM.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/functionalism
HISTORICAL.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/historical
INTERACTION.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/interaction LATENT.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/latent
MANIFEST.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/manifest
MARXISM.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/marxism
MATERIALISM.
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https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/materialism
STRUCTURAL.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/structural
SYMBOLIC.
https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/symbolic

II. ARTICLES:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_functionalism

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https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Sociological_Theory/
Structural_Functionalism
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/functi
onalism/ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_materialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialectical_materialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Engels
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/marxism.asp
https://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/help/marxism.
htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_interactionism
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/alamo-sociology/chapter/reading-
symbolic- interactionist-theory
blob:https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/cb2b9593-d05b-4392-a81d-
a07adb52c5a1

III. PICTURES at the ARTICLE:

General Diagram
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/General_Diagram_of_S
tructural-Functionalism.png/800px-General_Diagram_of_Structural-
Functionalism.png
Karl Marx
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Karl_Marx_001.jpg/220
px-Karl_Marx_001.jpg

Robert Merton
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/08/Robert_K_Merton.jpg

Friedrich Engels
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Friedrich_Engels_portr
ait_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Friedrich_Engels_portrait_%28cropped%29.jpg

Interaction
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Two_people_talking.tiff/l
ossless-page1-220px-Two_people_talking.tiff.png

George Herbert Mead

https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/George_Herbert_Mead

IV. RUBRICS:
Reflective Writing -
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/reflectivewritingrubric-
100527234034-phpapp01/95/reflective-writing-rubric-1-728.jpg?
cb=1275003647 Essay Writing - https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rubricsko-
131215081453- phpapp01/95/rubrics-in-essay-1-638.jpg?cb=1436976225

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