Appium InterView Questions

Question 1. What Is Mobile Application Testing And How Is It Different From Mobile Testing?

Mobile Application Testing (MAT) is the testing of an application on mobile devices and it is different
from Mobile Testing (MT) in the term that, in MT we focus on the native application features of
Mobile devices like Call, SMS, Media Player, etc. Meanwhile, in MAT we focus only on the
functionality & features of the application under Test.

Question 2. Explain The Difference Between Simulator And Emulator?

Emulation is the process of mimicking the outwardly observable behavior to match an existing target.
The internal state of the emulation mechanism does not have to accurately reflect the internal state of
the target which it is emulating.

Simulation, on the other hand, involves modeling the underlying state of the target. The end result of a
good simulation is that the simulation model will emulate the target which it is simulating.

Ideally, you should be able to look into the simulation and observe properties that you would also see if
you looked into the original target. In practice, there are some shortcuts to the simulation for
performance reasons — that is, some internal aspects of the simulation may actually be an emulation.

Question 3. List out the types of mobile app testing.

The types of mobile app testing include:

 Usability testing
 Compatibility testing
 Interface testing
 Services testing
 Low-level resource testing
 Performance testing
 Operational testing
 Installation tests
 Security testing
 Question 4. Explain the general structure of mobile application testing frameworks?
 Mobile application testing framework includes three segments:
 Application Package: It is the target application that requires to be tested.
 Instrumentation TestRunner: It is a test case runner that runs test cases on the target
application. It includes an SDK tool for building test and a tool that provides APIs for writing a
program that controls an Android device, for example, MonkeyRunner.
 Test Package: It includes two classes, Test case classes, and Mock objects. Test case classes
include test methods to perform on the target application, while the mock object includes mock
data that will be used as sample input for test cases.

Question 6. Full form of various application extensions.

 iPA: iOS APP Store Package

  APK: Android Application Package file
 exe: Executable File
 jad: Java Application Descriptor
 prc: Palm Resource Compiler

Question 7. Mention the Different Types of Mobile Applications.

 Mobile applications can be broadly categorized into three categories i.e, Native app, Web app
and Hybrid App.
 Native App: Native app is developed specifically for one platform, which is coded with a
specific programming language (like Objective C for iOS, Java for Android) and installed
directly onto the device and can take full advantage of all the device features. Native apps can
use the device’s notification system and can work offline. Native apps are installed through an
application store (such as Google Play or Apple’s App Store). Native mobile apps provide fast
performance and a high degree of reliability. Example of native apps: Temple Run, Candy
Crush, etc.
 Web App: Web applications are mobile web portals that are designed, customized and hosted
specifically for mobiles. They are accessed through the mobile device’s web browser using a
URL. Web apps became really popular when HTML5 came around and people realized that they
can obtain native-like functionality in the browser. Mobile web applications cannot use device
functionality. Example of web app: google.com, m.snapdeal.com, m.yahoo.com, etc.
 Hybrid App: Hybrid Apps are web apps embedded in a native app, run on the device, and are
written with web technologies (HTML5, CSS, and JavaScript). Hybrid apps run inside a native
container and leverage the device’s browser engine (but not the browser) to render the HTML
and process the JavaScript locally. A web-to-native abstraction layer enables access to devices
capabilities that are not accessible in mobile web applications, such as the accelerometer,
camera, and local storage. A hybrid app is NOT tied to any platform or any particular mobile
device. So, it can run on any device once built. Example of a Hybrid app: Flipkart, Facebook,
Twitter, etc.

Question 8. What is the Appium philosophy?

These are the four philosophies Appium is based around-

 Test the same app you submit to the marketplace

 Write your tests in any language, using any framework
 Use a standard automation specification and API
 Build a large and thriving open-source community effort

Question 9. What Is Appium’s Strongest Point in your opinion?

Appium is based on Selenium which is an HTTP protocol by Google designed to automate browsers.
The idea is actually very nice as automating an app (especially a webview-based one) is not so different
(in terms of required APIs) from automating a browser.

Appium is also designed to encourage a 2-tier architecture: a machine runs the test written in one
language (C#, Ruby, JavaScript are only a few among the many supported ones) and another one (the
test server) actually executes it. Furthermore the WebDriver protocol targets scalability (because based
on HTTP), this makes Appium very scalable as well; remember that you will need to write your test
once, Appium will be in charge of executing it on more platforms.

Question 10. What Is Appium?

Appium is an open source, cross-platform automation testing tool. It is used for automating test cases
for native, hybrid and web applications. The tool has a major focus on both Android and iOS apps and
was only restricted to the mobile application testing domain. Recently, a few updates back, Appium
also announced that they will support the testing of desktop applications for windows. Appium is
developed and maintained by Sauce Labs. Currently, Appium version 1.10 is being distributed.
Appium first started off as a command line based testing service that can be installed using Node.js. In
their latest release, named ‘Appium desktop’ they have released a robust and refined tool with an
intuitive graphical user interface.

Question 12. List Out The Appium Abilities.

Appium abilities are:

 Test Web
 Provides cross-platform for Native and Hybrid mobile automation
 Support JSON wire protocol
 It does not require recompilation of App
 Support automation test on a physical device as well as simulator or emulator both
 It has no dependency on a mobile device

Question 13. Can you comment about the performance of Appium?

Appium is not a huge application and requires very little memory. Its architecture is actually pretty
simple and light as Appium acts like a proxy between your test machine and each platform automation
toolkit. Once up and running, Appium will listen to HTTP requests from your tests. When a new
session is created, a component in Appium’s Node.js code called _proxy_ will forward these Selenium
commands to active platform drivers.

In the case of Android, for example, Appium will forward incoming commands to the [chromedriver]
(90% of cases, Appium will not even change commands while routing them), this happens
because ChromeDriver supports WebDriver and Selenium. For this reason, Appium will not allocate
much memory itself, you will see a lot of memory being allocated by other processes like [adb],
ChromeDriver or the iOS automation toolkit (called by Appium while testing and automating).

Question 15. Do you Need A Server Machine To Run Tests On Appium?

No! Appium promotes a 2-tier architecture where a test machine connects to a test server running
Appium and automating the whole thing. However this configuration is not mandatory, you can have
Appium running on the same machine where your test runs. Instead of connecting to a remote host,
your test will connect to Appium using the loopback address.
Question 16. What Type Of Tests Are Suitable For Appium?
When it comes to testing, especially webview-based apps, there are a lot of scenarios that can be tested
also depending on the feature coverage you want to ensure. Appium is pretty handy for testing
scenarios that users will go through when using your app.

But, if you need to test more than UX simple interactions, then Appium will become a limitation.
Think about features like keyboarding. It is not so easy when complex touch/keyboard mixed scenarios
are involved, the probability of a false failure is high; do not misunderstand me on this: I am not saying
it is impossible to do, just not so easy as you might think!

Another little nightmare with Appium is exchanging data. When your test needs to exchange data with
your app (especially in the incoming direction), you will need to play some tricks. So always consider
that sending and receiving information is not that straightforward. It is not Appium’s fault, the
WebDriver specification was designed for automating stuff, not exchanging data!

Question 17. List some issues Faced With Cross-Platform Testing?

Generally, the issue depends upon the different OS/device version. It might be that the same
application is working on one OS while it might not work on another version. For example, we faced
an issue that our application was working fine on iOS 6.x version devices but on tapping a few modules
on iOS 5.x devices application crashes and the same happened with 2.3.5 Vs.

Question 18. Explain The Design Concept Of Appium.

 Appium is an “HTTP Server” written using Node.js platform and drives iOS and Android
session using Webdriver JSON wire protocol. Hence, before initializing the Appium Server,
Node.js must be pre-installed on the system
 When Appium is downloaded and installed, then a server is set up on a machine that exposes a
REST API.
 It receives connection and command request from the client and executes that command on
mobile devices (Android / iOS)
 It responds back with HTTP responses. Again, to execute this request, it uses the mobile test
automation frameworks to drive the user interface of the apps.
 Apple Instruments for iOS (Instruments are available only in Xcode 3.0 or later with OS X
v10.5 and later).
 Google UIAutomator for Android API level 16 or higher
 Selendroid for Android API level 15 or less

Question 19. I Already Have Platform-specific Tests For My App, What Should I Do To Migrate
To Appium?

Unfortunately, there is no magic formula to translate your tests into Selenium tests. If you developed a
test framework on different layers and observed good programming principles, you should be able to
act on some components in your tests in order to migrate your suites to Appium.

Your current tests are going to be easy to migrate if they are already using an automation framework or
something close to a command-based interaction. Truth be told, you will probably need to write your
tests from the beginning.
Question 20. When Performing End To End Mobile Testing What Major Criteria Are Taken
Into Consideration?

Major areas are

 Installation of the application.

 First time launching an application without having network access.
 Uninstallation of the app.
 The orientation of the app if it is supported.
 Testing application performance on different kinds of devices and network scenarios.
 Testing the application response and how it responds when an invalid user credential is
provided.

Also, if your application is accessing any network then you must check the logs generated during that
period so that the sensitive information should always go in an encrypted form.

Question 21. How Do You Test Patches Intended For An App Already In Production?

We generally do regression testing of a relative module and mainly focus on the area which is related
to the bug fixes as per the developer. This is because we cannot perform complete regression testing in
a very short span of time. So, we just perform sanity tests on the rest of the application, but only for
high priority devices. High priority devices are systems that are running the latest versions of the
operating system.

Question 22. What Kind of Testing Would You Perform For a General Application?

The very first test we have to perform is installation. After that, we check the basic functionality and
following which, we check the connectivity of the application with its peripherals. Then we uninstall
the build and verify how the application responds when we interrupt it during installation. We also
check interruption scenarios when our application requests a network call.

We also perform low network/poor connectivity testing during a network call. The process of
upgrading from an older version to a newer version is also tested. Navigation in the application without
a network is an important feature that is tested in general testing. Also, the compatibility of the app on
different kinds of phones is a major criterion in general testing.

Question 23. How Much Time Does It Take To Write A Test In Appium?

Of course, it depends on the test. If your test simply runs a scenario, it will take as many commands as
the number of interactions needed to be performed (thus very few lines). If you are trying to exchange
data, then your test will take more time for sure and the test will also become difficult to read.

Question 24. What Test Frameworks Are Supported By Appium?

Appium does not support test frameworks because there is no need to support them. You can use
Appium with all sorts of testing frameworks. NUnit and .NET Unit Test Framework are just a few
examples. You will write your tests using one of the drivers for Appium, thus your tests will interface
with Appium just in terms of an external dependency.
Question 25. What Is Data Exchange?

When I say “data exchange” I am not referring to scenarios like getting or setting the value of a textbox
or an elements attribute. All these things are easy to achieve in Appium as Selenium provides
commands just for those. By “data exchange” I mean exchanging information hosted by complex
objects stored in different parts of your webview-based app like the window object.

Consider the scenario when you dispatch and capture events. Your app can possibly perform many
functions and the way the flow of data can be handled are many. Some objects might also have a state
and the state machine behind some scenarios in your app can be large and articulated. For all these
reasons you might experience problems when testing.

Question 27. Consider A Scenario Where You Don’t Want To Setup A Whole Infrastructure,
And Neither Spend Money. Can Appium Help Out In Such A Scenario?

If you think about it, what really is required from is the test script. The fact that you must deploy an
Appium server somewhere is just an extra feature. If you want to skip this part, you can rely on some
web services that have already deployed a whole architecture of Appium servers for your tests. Most of
them are online labs and they support Selenium and Appium. In this way, you don’t spend exorbitant
amounts of money and you also don’t invest time and effort on new infrastructure.

Question 28. Is Debugging Appium Difficult?

No. Appium is a Node.js application, therefore, in essence, it is Javascript. The code is available on
GitHub and can be downloaded in a few seconds as it is small and not so complex. Depending on what
you have to debug, you will probably need to go deeper in your debugging experience. However, there
are some key points were setting a breakpoint is always worth it, for example, the proxy component is
worth a mention. In appium/lib/server/proxy.js you can set a breakpoint in function doProxy(req,
res), that will be hit every time commands are sent to platform-specific components to be translated
into automation commands.

Question 29. Mention The Basic Requirement For Writing Appium Tests.

For writing Appium tests you require:

 Driver Client: Appium drives mobile applications as though it were a user. Using a client
library you write your Appium tests which wrap your test steps and sends them to the Appium
server over HTTP.
 Appium Session: You have to first initialize a session, as such Appium test takes place in that
session. Once the Automation is done for one session, it can be ended.
 Desired Capabilities: To initialize an Appium session you need to define certain parameters
known as “desired capabilities” like PlatformName, PlatformVersion, Device Name and so on.
It specifies the kind of automation one requires from the Appium server.
 Driver Commands: You can write your test steps using a large and expressive vocabulary of
commands.

Question 30. What Are The Risks Associated In Automation Testing?

The risks of Automation Testing are:

 Do you have skilled resources? Automation testing demands resources with some knowledge
about programming. Firstly, focus on resources and then identify whether the resources have
proper knowledge for automation testing. Are they capable to adapt easily to the new
technologies? These measures are to be well assessed for building an automation testing team.
 The initial cost for automation is high. The initial cost for automation is too high for the initial
setup. It includes the cost of automated tools to be purchased, training and maintenance of the
test scripts. The unsatisfied customer base is high for automation testing their products. It should
be ensured that the cost compensates the testing results.
 If UI is not fixed, do not think about automation: Prior to automating the user interface, it
should be strongly be determined that, whether the UI is changing extensively or the cost of the
automated script maintenance is high or not.
 Stop automating the tests which run once: Ensure that certain test cases might be running
once and not included in the regression testing. Avoid automating such test modules.

Question 31. How Can I Run Android Tests Without Appium?

For older versions of Android, Appium might not be supported. For instance, Appium is only
supported for Android versions 4.4 or later for Mobile Web Application tests, Android versions 2.3, 4.0
and later for Mobile Native Application and Mobile Hybrid Application tests.

For those versions in which Appium is not supported, you can request an emulator driven by
Webdriver and Selendroid. All you need to do is, use the Platforms Configurator and select Selenium
for the API instead of Appium. In the Sauce Labs test, you will notice that the top of the emulator says
“AndroidDriver Webview App”. In addition, you will notice that you will get a “Selenium Log” tab
which has the output of the Selendroid driver

With an emulator driven by Webdriver & Selendroid, you will be able to test Mobile Web Application
only. You should be able to select any Android emulator version from 4.0 to the latest version and any
Android emulator skin (e.g “deviceName”: “Samsung Galaxy Tab 3 Emulator”).

Question 32. How Can I Run iOS Tests Without Appium?

For older versions of iOS, Appium might not be supported. For instance, Appium supports foriOS
versions 6.1 and later. For earlier versions of iOS, the tool or driver used to drive your mobile
applications automated test is called iWebdriver.

To obtain a simulator driven by iWebdriver use the Platforms Configurator and select Selenium for the
API instead of Appium. With an emulator driven by iWebdriver, you will be able to test Mobile Web
Application only. In addition, in the Sauce Labs test, you will notice a “Selenium Log” tab which has
the output of iWebdriver.

Question 33. Can You Explain The Filters That You Create While Checking Logs?

Filters help you in finding relevant information about your application and you can create a filter based
on the application package name like com.abc.com. You can save this filter by any name. When you
click on this filter, you will see only those logs which are from your application.
You can create a filter based on log tag which is related to a particular line of code, for example, if
you have placed system.out to print the output then you can create a filter by a tag System.out. Then it
will shortlist all the print output in the code. You can create a filter by Choreographer which helps in
finding the skipped frames if you want to see them. You can create filters corresponding to
your PID and log message.

Question 35. List Out The Most Common Problem That A Tester Faces While Performing
Mobile Testing In Cloud Computing?

Challenges that a tester faces while performing mobile testing are:

 Subscription model
 High Costing
 Lock-in
 Internet connectivity issues
 Immense consumption of time in image-based automation testing.
 Automation is restricted by the framework

Question 36: What Would You Prefer To Test Your Application On – Real Devices Or Use
Simulators/Emulators?

It’s one of the most commonly asked Appium interview questions. You’ve to be a little logical and
practical while answering it. Don’t just simply answer “It would depend on what you need.”, because it
would be a layman answer which interviewer won’t expect from you. Rather you should explain it by
an example. You can answer by saying that it’s always best to test on real devices. As it would allow
you to catch errors that you may not detect otherwise, but, you have to configure the device smartly
with the Appium server so that it can detect the device. Sometimes the ADB(Android Debug Bridge)
may disconnect from the device even if it remains plugged in, and it can cause your tests to fail. To
handle such issues, you can write a module which resets the ADB after some time to re-connect to the
devices.

Question 37: What Is Appium Inspector And Why Is It Used?

It is similar to the Selenium IDE plugin and enables the record and playback support in Appium. It
captures the moves of a native application by inspecting DOM and produces the test scripts in any
desired language. However, Appium Inspector does not support Windows and uses
the <UIAutomator> viewer.

Question 38: What Are The Probable Errors You Might Come Across While Working With
Appium?

The following are the errors you might observe with Appium.

 Error#1: Missing desired capabilities e.g. Device Name, PlatformName.

 Error#2: Couldn’t locate ADB. You may have missed setting
the <ANDROID_HOME> environment variable.
 Error#3: Selenium exception <openqa.selenium.SessionNotCreatedException>. It indicates a
failure in creating a new session.
  Error#4: Failure in locating a DOM element or determining the XPath.

Question 39. What Are The Problems Faced While Running A Test In A Multithreaded
Environment?

 You need special care while using Appium in a multithreaded environment. The problem does
not rely on the fact of using threads in your tests. You can use them but, you must ensure that no
more than one test runs at the same time against the same Appium server. Appium does not
support multiple sessions, and unless you have implemented an additional layer on top of it to
handle this case, multiple tests might fail.
Question 40: List The Selenium Commands That Work With Appium.

There are a number of Selenium commands that work with Appium tool.

 Locate commands using ID or class names.

 Raise events on elements e.g. Click().
 Text commands like type().
 Get/Set element properties.
 Commands to run JavaScript.
 Switch context between different web views like switching <iFrames> in Selenium Webdriver.
 Commands to manage alert boxes

Question 41: List OneThing Which You Cannot Do With Emulators But You Can Do With A
Real Device.

You can test the interrupts like

 Phone calls & Messages

 Battery drains out while using the application under test
 Low battery scenarios
 Memory card mount/unmount scenarios
 Actual performance of your application
 Bluetooth related testing.

Question 42: Which Tools Are For Performance Testing And Automation?

For performance testing of web services, you can use JMeter. It is an open source tool which can be
used to test the API’s performances.

For automation, there are several paid tools available in the market like SeeTest, Ranorex, Silk Mobile
etc while free automation tools are Calabash, Appium, Robotium for Android, KIF for iOS.

Question 43: What Are The Tools Used In Debugging?

We generally use logs to see the cause of the issue, where the failure is occurring. So for iOS – iPhone
configuration utility & for Android Monitor.bat, etc can be used. If you provide logs from these tools
to the developer, they can easily understand the cause of the issue.
Question 45: When To Choose Automation Testing And When To Choose Manual Testing?

Manual Testing

 If the application has new functionality

 If the application requires testing once or twice

Automate Testing

 If the regression tests are repeated

 Testing app for complex scenarios

Question 46: Mention Few Disadvantages of Automation Testing.

Designing the tools and tests to run software takes a lot of manual, human effort, though there are
frameworks and tests ready-made for engineers to use. Even with automated testing, human error is
still a factor – tools can be buggy, inefficient, costly, and sometimes even technologically limited in
what kinds of tests they can run on their own.

Question 47.: What Are The Pre-requisites To Start Automation Testing?

The first step is to segregate the different test cases that are to be automated. Following this, you must
prepare test data as per the needs of the test cases. Reusable functions need to be written which are
frequently used in those test cases. Later test scripts are prepared by using reusable functions and
applying loops and conditions wherever necessary.

Question 48: What Are The Differences Between Open Source Tools, Vendor Tools, And In-
house Tools?

Open source tools are free to use frameworks and applications. Engineers build the tool and have the
source code available for free on the internet for other engineers to use

Vendor tools are developed by companies that come with licenses to use, and often cost money. Since
they are developed by an outside source, technical support is often available for use. Example vendor
tools include WinRunner, SilkTest, Rational Robot, QA Director, QTP, LR, QC, RFT, and RPT.

An In-house tool is a tool that a company builds for its own use, rather than purchasing vendor tools or
using open source tools.

Question 49. Is Automation Testing A Complete Replacement For Manual Software Testing?

No. Proper automation requires as little intervention from humans as possible since the tools used are
built to run tests once they are set up. As convenient as this might be, it should not be a complete
replacement for manual testing – only for repetitive tasks like load testing, where thousands of virtual
users are required. Engineers should not automate things like test scripts if those scripts can only be
expected to run occasionally, nor should they automate code reviews, or bug testing for new builds of
software that might require human interaction to detect issues. We can conclude by saying that large-
scale, repetitive tasks are a better fit for automation
Question 50. What Are The Points That Are Covered In The Planning Phase Of Automation?

During the planning phase of automation, the points to be considered are as follows:

 Selection of the “right” Automation tool

 Selection of Automation Framework if required
 List off in scope and out of scope items for automation
 Test Environment Setup
 Preparing the Gantt Chart of Project timelines for test script development & execution.
 Identify Test Deliverables

Question 14. List Out The Limitations Of Using Appium?

Question
n 34.The Selecting Criteria For Test Automation Tool For Mobile Testing.

Question 44: Explain What Does Mobile Security Testing Includes.

iOS Android
iOS is mobile operating system developed by Apple for to run Android roid is mobile operating system developed by Goog
all applications on iphone mobiles. for mobiles that run on Android.
It has Hybrid type kernel. It has Linux based kernel type.
Developed using objective C and swift language. Developed using Java and Kotlin language.
The default Internet
ernet browser used in iOS based devices is Safari. Android devices has Google chrome browser but allow
any internet browser.
iOS has Siri as Voice Assistant. Android has Google Assistance.
iOS devices can block installation of 3rd party applicatio
applications on Android does not block 3rd party applications
them.
Q #3) What hardware and software are the prerequisites for using Appium?
Answer: The list of software required before installing Appium is as below:
Hardware requirement:
 8 GB RAM Memory
 Windows 10
 .Net Framework 3.5 or higher.
Software requirement:
 Java Development Kit (JDK) – It should have at least JDK version 8 or higher.
 Android SDK version 22 has separate platforms and build tools, suitable for Appium.
 Node.js is needed for a non-blocking event-based server to handle multiple WebDriver sessions for iOS
and Android platforms.
 Microsoft WebDriver- also known as WinAppDriver, Appium compatible WebDriver server – Need
Windows 10 or above.
 PDANet+ – It is a free application that converts Android and iOS mobile into Modem and enables
tethering.
 Appium – Client libraries and Desktop application of Appium is mandatory
 GenyMotion – It is required to run Appium tests in multiple virtual Android devices in parallel.
 ADT Plugin to access Android SDK within Eclipse.
 Java Client Drivers are also known as language binding for creating testing in multiple programming
languages.
 Appium Client Libraries supports Appium extensions to WebDriver protocol by Appium Server.
Q #4) List advantages of using Appium.
Answer: It offers the following advantages:
 It is open-source, supports both iOS and Android
 We can design an automation script using the same API for Android and iOS.
 Supports multiple languages like Java, Node.js, Ruby, Python, Robot framework and is cross-platform.
 Can be integrated with continuous integration tools.
 Issues like synchronization are avoided.
 Uses HTTP protocol and is based on Selenium
Q #5) List limitations of using Appium
Answer: Following are some limitations:
 The time needed, and configuration for Appium set up is complex
 It can run a single iOS device at a time.
 There is no support for automation for Android 4.1 or lower.
 There is no support for Windows for Appium inspector.
 Limited support for testing hybrid applications.
 You cannot test the switching action of native to the web or vice versa.
Q #6) Explain the working of Appium
Answer: The working of Appium is explained below:
1. Appium server developed using Node.js implements selenium WebDriver.
2. The connection request is sent by WebDriver script to Appium server via JSON Wire protocol.
3. Automation session and desired capabilities are set
 In case of Android, the request is sent to UIAutomator, UIAutomator communicates with
bootstrap.jar running on an Android mobile device or emulator to perform operations.
 Whereas for iOS, UIAutomation receives requests. UIAutomation communicates with bootstrap.js
running on iOS mobile devices or emulators to perform operations.
4. After execution of the request sent, the message is sent back to the Appium server. The results of
execution are captured by server logs.
Q #8) List locators used in Appium
Answer: List of locators support is as below:
 ID
 Class Name
 XPath
 Accessibility ID
 Android UI Automator
 iOS UI Automation
 Android View Tag using Appium Espresso
Q #9) List difference between Selenium WebDriver and Appium WebDriver
Answer: Selenium and Appium both use
 JSON wire protocol
 Methods like
 sendKeys(),
 findByClassName(),
 findByElementId(),
 findByXPath()

Selenium WebDriver Appium WebDriver
Supports mobile web applications using browsers like Supports native mobile application installed on
Firefox, Chrome, Opera, Safari iOS and
Android devices
It has become standard for automation testing of browser based RemoteWebDriver class is inherited by
web applications Appium WebDriver class.

This class with help of Appium server provides

additional functions useful in context of mobile test autom

Q #11) List the activities possible with the real device but not with the emulator.
Answer: The list of functionalities that are not possible with an emulator is as below:
 Make or Receive Calls, Send or Receive SMS,
 Battery issues, GPS tracking, Gesture recognition, touch screen functionality
 Changing Color over the screen, widgets, accessing the file
 Selecting icons to access the application with help of fingers (touch screen),
 Typing the text, moving the mouse on a real mobile screen will differ from that of an emulator.
 Performance tracking of the installed mobile application, etc.

Q #13) What is XCUITest?

Answer: XCUITest is an automation framework for iOS. This framework is used to test only native mobile
applications that are built using swift or objectives C. XUITest cannot write tests for multiple platforms.
Appium uses the XCUITest driver for automating iOS applications.

Q #14) List some common exceptions in Appium observed during test automation?
Answer: Following are some commonly encountered exceptions in Appium during script execution:
 SessionNotFoundException: On disconnection of Appium connection or Session not established,
display this exception
 ElementNotFoundException: When Appium does not find the element it is looking for, this exception
is displayed
 WebDriverException: When Driver does not exist, this exception is displayed
  NoSuchContextException: is thrown when the context target that is to be switched to does not exist.

Q # 15) List the differences between the working of Appium on Android and iOS.
Answer: Appium executes tests differently on Android and iOS-based mobile.
 Appium uses the UIAutomator framework of automation when tests Android-based mobile applications.
 Appium on the iOS mobile device uses Apple’s XCUI Test API to interact with UI elements to test their
functionality.
 UIAutomator connects with bootstrap.jar being executed in simulator/emulator or real device that
performs client operations.
 XCUI Test in case of iOS mobiles communicates with bootstrap.jar
 Bootstrap.jar acts as a TCP server that accepts test commands to test the functionality of Android-based
mobile that uses UIAutomator.
 Bootstrap.jar performs the action on the iOS mobile application being tested, Appium Client sends a
message with log details of commands executed.

Q #16) List the essentials you need to write the Appium test?
Answer: The essential things required are:
 Driver – Set of APIs help write tests and commands are sent to HTTP Server for processing,
 Session – Session instances should be created during execution of automation testing and closed after
execution,
 Capabilities – Set up of Chrome Driver path to execute tests in Chrome browser and defining params
like PlatformName, PlatformVersion, and DeviceName,
 Commands – Appium requires commands that are action words that perform test steps.

Q #17) Describe desired capabilities in Appium

 Answer: Desired capabilities are keys and values inside JSON objects sent by Appium client to server
to perform all the actions required to test the functionality.

Q #18) What are the properties present in key-value pair in desired capabilities?
Answer: Few of the properties are explained that are present in keys and values form in desired capabilities as
below:
 automationName: Provides name of the automation engine that will be used. Appium is used by
default, and Espresso, UIAutomator1 & 2 for Android, whereas XCUITest for iOS.
 platformName: Name of mobile OS platform being used, for example, iOS, Android or FirefoxOS
 platformVersion: Version of mobile OS such as 7.1, 4.4, etc.
 deviceName: Mobile device or emulator type – iPhone Simulator, Android Emulator, etc.

Q #19) List design considerations in Appium

Answer: Following are some points taken into consideration in Appium Design:
 Node.js should be installed already on the system as Appium Server is actually a HTTP server designed
using Node.js that drives iOS and Android sessions with help of WebDriver JSON wire protocol.
 Appium server installed on system acts as REST API.
 Appium server receives connection and command requests whereas command executes on iOS/Android
devices.
 Appium server sends HTTP responses to interact with the user interface using the mobile test
automation framework.
 There are various frameworks for
 iOS mobile devices
 Google UI Automator for Android API level 16 or higher
 Selendroid for Android API level 15 or higher

Q #21) List common pitfalls you should avoid while writing Appium tests.
Answer: While writing Appium tests following points should be taken into consideration:
 Avoid excessive use of XPath as a locator.
 Use accessibility ID locator for both iOS and Android mobile device testing.
 Querying for visibility of elements should only be restricted for important elements.

Q #22) What is the purpose of Appium Inspector?

Answer: Appium Inspector is a utility provided by the Appium automation framework that helps to load mobile
applications and locate elements.

Q #24) How can we retrieve the test status of Appium test execution?
Answer: There are various ways to display the test status:
 Integrating TestNG with Appium
 ExtentReports that give test status reports in the dashboard
 REST API of BrowserStack App Automate for .apk (Android app) or .ipa (iOS app).
 Built-in reporting tools like Maven and Allure

Q #25) What is Calabash?

Answer: Calabash is a mobile test automation framework for testing mobile devices based on iOS and Android
platforms, tests written using Cucumber, Gherkin, and Ruby code.

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
Q.How to set up Appium locally?
1. Install Dependencies

Before installing Appium, you need to install the following dependencies on your machine:

 Node.js: Download and install Node.js from the official website (https://nodejs.org).
 Appium: Install Appium using the npm package manager by running the following command in
the terminal:
npm install -g appium

 Appium Doctor: Install Appium Doctor, a diagnostic tool that checks whether all the required
dependencies are installed, by running the following command:
npm install -g appium-doctor

2. Set up Android or iOS Environment

To test Android or iOS applications with Appium, you need to set up the corresponding development
environment. Follow the instructions for your platform:

Android

 Install the Android SDK and Android Studio.

 Set the ANDROID_HOME environment variable to the path of the Android SDK.
 Install the required Android SDK packages using the SDK Manager.
iOS

 Install Xcode and the Xcode Command Line Tools.

 Install the Appium XCUITest Driver using npm:
npm install -g appium-xcuitest-driver
3. Start Appium Server

To start the Appium server, run the following command in the terminal:

Appium
The Appium server will start on the default port 4723.

Q.How to identify elements in Appium?

1. Accessibility IDs

Accessibility IDs are unique identifiers for UI elements that can be set in the application code. To
locate an element using its accessibility ID

2. XPath

XPath is a language for selecting elements in an XML document, including HTML and Android UI
elements. To locate an element using XPath

3. UI Automator Viewer

UI Automator Viewer is a tool that comes with the Android SDK and allows you to inspect the UI
hierarchy of an Android application. You can use it to find the unique ID or class name of an element
and use it to locate the element in your test script.

4. Appium Desktop Inspector

Appium Desktop Inspector is a GUI tool that allows you to inspect the UI elements of a mobile
application on a connected device or emulator. You can use it to find the unique ID or class name of an
element and use it to locate the element in your test script.
Q.Explain Appium's interaction with mobile apps.

Appium interacts with mobile applications using the following components:

1. Appium Server

The Appium server is a node.js server that listens for requests from the client and communicates with
the mobile device or emulator using the vendor-provided automation libraries. The server also manages
the device connection, automation session, and element identification.

2. Client Libraries

Appium supports a variety of client libraries for different programming languages, including Java,
Python, Ruby, and JavaScript. The client libraries provide a set of APIs for controlling the Appium
server and interacting with the mobile application.

3. Mobile Device or Emulator

Appium interacts with the mobile device or emulator using the vendor-provided automation libraries,
such as UIAutomator2 for Android and XCUITest for iOS. These libraries provide a set of APIs for
controlling the device and interacting with the mobile application.

4. Application Under Test (AUT)

The Application Under Test (AUT) is the mobile application that is being tested. Appium interacts with
the AUT using the vendor-provided automation libraries and exposes the application elements as a
tree-like structure that can be accessed by the client libraries.

To automate the mobile application using Appium, the following steps are typically performed:

1. Start the Appium server and create a new automation session.

2. Connect to the mobile device or emulator and launch the application under test.
3. Identify the elements of the user interface using accessibility IDs, XPath, or other strategies.
4. Interact with the elements by clicking, typing, or other actions.
5. Verify the expected behavior of the application by checking the element attributes, text, or other
properties.
6. End the automation session and disconnect from the mobile device or emulator.

By providing a unified interface for controlling mobile applications across multiple platforms, Appium
makes it easier to automate the testing of mobile applications and improve their quality.
Q.What's the role of Appium server?

The Appium server is a central component of the Appium architecture, responsible for managing the
automation session between the client and the mobile device or emulator. It receives requests from the
client, translates them into actions on the mobile device or emulator, and sends the response back to the
client. The Appium server provides a unified interface for controlling mobile applications on different
platforms, including Android and iOS, and allows test scripts to be written in multiple programming
languages.

Q.Explain Appium's architecture and components.

Appium is a client-server architecture that allows test scripts to control mobile applications on a mobile
device or emulator using a vendor-provided automation library. The Appium architecture consists of
the following components:

1. Appium Server

The Appium server is a node.js server that listens for requests from the client and communicates with
the mobile device or emulator using the vendor-provided automation library. The server also manages
the device connection, automation session, and element identification.

2. Client Libraries

Appium supports a variety of client libraries for different programming languages, including Java,
Python, Ruby, and JavaScript. The client libraries provide a set of APIs for controlling the Appium
server and interacting with the mobile application.

3. Mobile Device or Emulator

Appium interacts with the mobile device or emulator using the vendor-provided automation library,
such as UIAutomator2 for Android and XCUITest for iOS. These libraries provide a set of APIs for
controlling the device and interacting with the mobile application.

4. Application Under Test (AUT)

The Application Under Test (AUT) is the mobile application that is being tested. Appium interacts with
the AUT using the vendor-provided automation library and exposes the application elements as a tree-
like structure that can be accessed by the client libraries.
5. Desired Capabilities

Desired Capabilities are a set of key-value pairs that define the automation session and the properties of
the mobile device or emulator, such as platform name, device name, and application path. The client
libraries send the desired capabilities to the Appium server when creating a new automation session.

Here is a simplified overview of Appium's architecture:

To automate a mobile application using Appium, the following steps are typically performed:

1. Start the Appium server and create a new automation session.

2. Connect to the mobile device or emulator and launch the application under test.
3. Identify the elements of the user interface using accessibility IDs, XPath, or other strategies.
4. Interact with the elements by clicking, typing, or other actions.
5. Verify the expected behavior of the application by checking the element attributes, text, or other
properties.
6. End the automation session and disconnect from the mobile device or emulator.

By providing a unified interface for controlling mobile applications across multiple platforms, Appium
makes it easier to automate the testing of mobile applications and improve their quality.

Q.How to handle alerts and pop-ups in Appium?

To handle alerts and pop-ups in Appium, you can use the alert API in WebDriverIO. Here are some
examples of how to handle alerts and pop-ups in Appium:

1. Accepting an Alert

To accept an alert, use the acceptAlert() method:

2. Dismissing an Alert

To dismiss an alert, use the dismissAlert() method:

3. Getting the Text of an Alert

To get the text of an alert, use the getText() method:

4. Interacting with Native Pop-ups

To interact with native pop-ups, use the element API to find and click the buttons:

5. Waiting for Alerts and Pop-ups

To wait for alerts and pop-ups, use the waitUntil() method with a custom condition:

Q.What's the difference between Appium and Selenium WebDriver?

Appium and Selenium WebDriver are both automation frameworks that enable testing of web and
mobile applications. Here are some of the key differences between the two frameworks:

1. Platform Support

Selenium WebDriver supports web applications on desktop browsers, while Appium supports mobile
applications on both iOS and Android devices.

2. Native vs. Web Applications

Selenium WebDriver is primarily used for automating web applications, while Appium is designed to
handle both native and hybrid mobile applications.

3. Automation APIs

Selenium WebDriver uses the WebDriver API to interact with web applications, while Appium uses a
vendor-provided automation library to interact with mobile applications, such as UIAutomator2 for
Android and XCUITest for iOS.

4. Testing Framework Integration

Selenium WebDriver integrates with a variety of testing frameworks, such as JUnit and TestNG, while
Appium integrates with testing frameworks that support mobile automation, such as TestNG and
Appium Studio.

5. Mobile-Specific Functionality

Appium provides additional functionality that is specific to mobile automation, such as support for
mobile gestures and device-specific features, like GPS and camera.
Q.Explain Appium's handling of mobile gestures.

Appium provides a set of APIs for simulating mobile gestures, such as tapping, swiping, pinching, and
zooming. Here are some examples of how to handle mobile gestures in Appium:

1. Tapping an Element

To tap an element, use the click() method:

const el = await driver.$('~myElement');

await el.click();

2. Swiping an Element

To swipe an element, use the touchAction() method:

const el = await driver.$('~myElement');

await driver.touchAction({

action: 'press',

element: el,

x: 0,

y: 0

})

.wait(1000)

.moveTo({

x: 0,

y: -100

})

.release();
3. Pinching an Element

To pinch an element, use the touchAction() method with two fingers:

const el = await driver.$('~myElement');

await driver.touchAction({

action: 'press',

element: el,

x: 0,

y: 0

})

.wait(1000)

.move({

x: 50,

y: 50,

contactCount: 2

})

.release();

4. Zooming an Element

To zoom an element, use the touchAction() method with two fingers:

const el = await driver.$('~myElement');

await driver.touchAction({

action: 'press',

element: el,
 x: 0,

y: 0

})

.wait(1000)

.move({

x: -50,

y: -50,

contactCount: 2

})

.release();

Q.How to test hybrid mobile apps with Appium?

To test hybrid mobile apps with Appium, you can use the same techniques as you would for testing
native mobile apps. Hybrid mobile apps are built using web technologies, such as HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript, and run inside a native app container using a web view. Here are some steps to test hybrid
mobile apps with Appium:

1. Set up the Environment

Make sure that you have installed the necessary dependencies, such as Node.js, Appium, and a mobile
device or emulator.

2. Identify the Web View Context

Use the getContexts() method to identify the available contexts, and switch to the web view context
using the switchContext() method:

const contexts = await driver.getContexts();

await driver.switchContext(contexts[1]);
3. Interact with the Web Elements

Interact with the web elements using the element() API and the standard WebDriver commands, such
as click(), sendKeys(), and getText():

const el = await driver.$('#myElement');

await el.click();

const text = await el.getText();

console.log(text);

4. Switch Back to Native Context

After testing the hybrid app, switch back to the native context using the switchContext() method:

await driver.switchContext(contexts[0]);

Q.How to handle mobile notifications in Appium?

To handle mobile notifications in Appium, you can use the openNotifications() method, which opens
the notification shade on the device, and the standard WebDriver commands to interact with the
notification:

await driver.openNotifications();

Here's what the code snippet does:

1. Opens the notification shade on the device using openNotifications().

2. Finds and clicks the notification with the accessibility ID myNotification.
3. Presses the back button to close the notification.

You can customize this code snippet to suit your specific use case and the mobile application you are
testing. Additionally, you can use the adb shell dumpsys notification command to retrieve a list of
notifications and their properties, such as title, text, and package name:

const output = await driver.execute('mobile: shell', {

command: 'dumpsys notification'

});

console.log(output);
Q.How to test mobile apps on multiple devices with Appium?

To test mobile apps on multiple devices with Appium, you can use the multiRemote feature in
WebDriverIO. This feature allows you to create multiple browser instances, each with its own
capabilities and connection settings, and execute commands in parallel across all instances. Here are
some steps to test mobile apps on multiple devices with Appium:

1. Set up the Environment

Make sure that you have installed the necessary dependencies, such as Node.js, Appium, and multiple
mobile devices or emulators.

2. Configure the Desired Capabilities

Create an array of desired capabilities, each with the settings for a specific device or emulator. Here's
an example of how to configure the capabilities for two Android devices:

3. Create the Remote Instances

Create an object that maps the capabilities to remote instances using the remote() method. Here's an
example of how to create the remote instances:

4. Execute Commands in Parallel

Execute the test commands in parallel across all instances using the multiRemote() method:

Q.Explain Appium's support for different mobile platforms.

Appium supports different mobile platforms, including Android, iOS, and Windows. Here are some of
the key features and libraries that Appium provides to support each platform:

1. Android

Appium provides the following features to support Android automation:

 UIAutomator2: A vendor-provided automation library for interacting with the Android user
interface.
 Espresso: A testing framework for Android that provides additional functionality, such as
synchronization and assertion APIs.
  Selendroid: A library that extends the WebDriver API to support testing of native and hybrid
Android applications.
2. iOS

Appium provides the following features to support iOS automation:

 XCUITest: A vendor-provided automation library for interacting with the iOS user interface.
 XCTest: A testing framework for iOS that provides additional functionality, such as performance
testing and UI testing.
 UIAutomation: A legacy automation library for iOS that is deprecated in favor of XCUITest.
3. Windows

Appium provides the following features to support Windows automation:

 WinAppDriver: A vendor-provided automation library for interacting with Windows desktop

applications and the Microsoft Store.
 UIAComWrapper: A library that extends the WebDriver API to support testing of Windows
desktop applications.

By providing support for multiple platforms, Appium makes it easier to automate the testing of mobile
applications and improve their quality

Q.How to test mobile apps on real devices and emulators with Appium?

To test mobile apps on real devices and emulators with Appium, you can use the desired
capabilities feature to specify the device details and connection settings. Here are some steps to test
mobile apps on real devices and emulators with Appium:

1. Connect the Devices

Make sure that the real devices and emulators are connected to the computer and that their details can
be accessed through the adb command.

2. Set up the Environment

Make sure that you have installed the necessary dependencies, such as Node.js, Appium, and the
required SDKs and tools.
3. Identify the Desired Capabilities

Identify the desired capabilities for each device, such as platform name, platform version, device name,
app path, and app package name. Here's an example of how to set up the desired capabilities for an
Android device:

Q.How to handle mobile device orientation in Appium?

To handle mobile device orientation in Appium, you can use the rotate() method to change the device
orientation to landscape or portrait mode. Here are some steps to handle mobile device orientation in
Appium:

1. Identify the Device Orientation

Use the getOrientation() method to identify the current device orientation:

The output will be either 'portrait' or 'landscape'.

2. Rotate the Device Orientation

Use the rotate() method to change the device orientation to landscape or portrait mode:

By using the rotate() method, you can handle mobile device orientation in your Appium test scripts and
make them more comprehensive and reliable.

Q.How to set up Appium for Android testing?

To set up Appium for Android testing, you need to install the necessary dependencies, such as the
Android SDK, Node.js, and Appium, and configure the desired capabilities for the Android device.
Here are some steps to set up Appium for Android testing:

1. Install the Android SDK

Install the Android SDK and the required packages, such as the Android SDK Platform, the Android
Emulator, and the Android Build Tools. You can install them using Android Studio or
the sdkmanager command.

2. Install Node.js

Install Node.js by downloading the installer from the Node.js website or using a package manager.
3. Install Appium

Install Appium by running the following command in the Terminal:

npm install -g appium

4. Configure the Desired Capabilities

Configure the desired capabilities for the Android device, such as platform name, platform version,
device name, app path, and app package name. Here's an example of how to configure the desired
capabilities for an Android device:

const androidCapabilities = {

platformName: 'Android',

platformVersion: '11.0',

deviceName: 'emulator-5554',

app: '/path/to/myapp.apk',

appPackage: 'com.example.myapp',

appActivity: 'com.example.myapp.MainActivity'

};

5. Launch Appium Server

Launch the Appium server by running the following command in the Terminal:

appium

6. Create the Driver Instance

Create the driver instance using the remote() method and passing in the desired capabilities. Here's an
example of how to create the driver instance for an Android device:

const driver = await webdriverio.remote({

 port: 4723,

path: '/wd/hub',

capabilities: androidCapabilities

});

By following these steps, you can set up Appium for Android testing and automate the testing of
Android apps on real devices and emulators.

Q.How to set up Appium for Windows testing?

To test mobile apps with Appium using a cloud-based service, you can use a third-party service, such
as BrowserStack or Sauce Labs, that provides a cloud-based testing platform with support for Appium.
Here are some steps to test mobile apps with Appium using a cloud-based service:

1. Choose a Cloud-Based Testing Service

Choose a cloud-based testing service that provides support for Appium and supports the mobile
platform and devices you want to test.

2. Configure the Desired Capabilities

Configure the desired capabilities for the mobile platform and device you want to test, such as platform
name, platform version, device name, and app path. Here's an example of how to configure the desired
capabilities for an Android device on BrowserStack:

3. Create the Driver Instance

Create the driver instance using the remote() method and passing in the cloud-based testing service
URL and the desired capabilities. Here's an example of how to create the driver instance for an Android
device on BrowserStack:

Q.What is a session in Appium and how does it work?

A session in Appium represents the connection between the Appium server and the device or emulator
being tested. It is created when a driver instance is created and destroyed when the driver instance is
terminated. Here's how a session works in Appium:

1. When a driver instance is created, it sends a request to the Appium server to start a new session.
2. The Appium server responds with a session ID and a set of capabilities that describe the device
and the test settings.
 3. The driver instance uses the session ID to communicate with the Appium server and control the
device or emulator.
4. During the test execution, the driver instance sends commands to the Appium server, such as
clicking a button or swiping the screen, and receives responses from the Appium server, such as
the element location or the screen capture.
5. If the test fails or encounters an error, the driver instance sends an error report to the Appium
server, which can be used for debugging and analysis.
6. When the test is completed or the driver instance is terminated, the Appium server sends a
request to end the session and release the device or emulator.

By using sessions, Appium can support multiple tests and devices simultaneously and provide a unified
and stable testing experience for mobile apps

Q.Can you describe the process of handling events in Appium?

Handling events in Appium involves using the touchAction() method to simulate gestures and actions
on the device or emulator being tested. Here are some steps to handle events in Appium:

1. Create a Touch Action

Create a touch action using the touchAction() method and define the gesture or action you want to
perform:

const action = new TouchAction(driver);

action.tap({ x: 100, y: 200 });

The above code will create a touch action that taps at the position (100, 200) on the screen.

2. Add the Touch Action to the Action Chain

Add the touch action to the action chain using the perform() method:

await action.perform();

By using the touchAction() method, you can handle various events in Appium, such as tapping,
swiping, scrolling, zooming, and pinching, and simulate user interactions on the device or emulator
being tested.
Q.What is a device activity in Appium and how does it work?

A device activity in Appium refers to the screen or application that is currently open and visible on the
device or emulator being tested. It can be changed by using the startActivity() method, which allows
you to launch a new activity on the device or emulator. Here's how it works in Appium:

1. Use the getCurrentActivity() method to get the current activity of the device or emulator:

const currentActivity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();

console.log(currentActivity);

The output will be the name of the current activity.

1. Use the startActivity() method to start a new activity on the device or emulator:

await driver.startActivity({

appPackage: 'com.example.app',

appActivity: 'com.example.app.MainActivity'

});

The above code will launch the MainActivity of the com.example.app package on the device or
emulator.

1. Use the getCurrentActivity() method again to verify that the new activity has been launched:

const newActivity = await driver.getCurrentActivity();

console.log(newActivity);

The output will be the name of the new activity.

By using the startActivity() method, you can test different screens and activities of your app in Appium
and make your test scripts more comprehensive and effective.
Q.Can you explain the process of accessing and manipulating the clipboard in Appium?

Accessing and manipulating the clipboard in Appium involves using

the setClipboard() and getClipboard() methods to set and retrieve text from the device or emulator
clipboard. Here are some steps to access and manipulate the clipboard in Appium:

1. Set Text to the Clipboard

Use the setClipboard() method to set the text to the clipboard:

await driver.setClipboard('Hello, world!');

The above code will set the text 'Hello, world!' to the clipboard.

2. Get Text from the Clipboard

Use the getClipboard() method to get the text from the clipboard:

const text = await driver.getClipboard();

console.log(text);

The above code will retrieve the text from the clipboard and print it to the console.

By using the setClipboard() and getClipboard() methods, you can access and manipulate the clipboard
in your Appium test scripts and interact with other apps and services on the device or emulator being
tested

Q.How does Appium handle interactions with mobile applications during testing?

Appium handles interactions with mobile applications during testing by using the Appium server to
send commands and events to the device or emulator and receive responses and feedback from the
device or emulator. Here are some steps to illustrate how Appium handles interactions with mobile
applications during testing:

1. Appium establishes a connection between the Appium server and the device or emulator being
tested.
2. Appium launches the mobile application being tested on the device or emulator.
3. Appium uses the findElement() method to locate elements in the application, such as buttons, text
fields, and links.
 4. Appium uses the sendKeys() method to enter text into text fields and other input elements.
5. Appium uses the click() method to click buttons and other clickable elements.
6. Appium uses the swipe() method to swipe the screen and scroll through lists and pages.
7. Appium uses the rotate() method to change the device orientation and test the app in both portrait
and landscape modes.
8. Appium uses the startActivity() method to launch different screens and activities of the app.
9. Appium uses the setClipboard() and getClipboard() methods to access and manipulate the
clipboard of the device or emulator.
10. Appium uses the takeScreenshot() method to capture screenshots of the app during testing.

By using these methods and techniques, Appium can interact with mobile applications during testing
and provide a comprehensive and reliable testing experience for mobile apps.

Q.Can you describe the process of handling files in Appium tests?

Handling files in Appium tests involves using the pushFile() and pullFile() methods to upload and
download files to and from the device or emulator being tested. Here are some steps to handle files in
Appium tests:

1. Upload a File to the Device or Emulator

Use the pushFile() method to upload a file to the device or emulator:

await driver.pushFile('/sdcard/test.txt', 'Hello, world!');

The above code will upload the text 'Hello, world!' to the file /sdcard/test.txt on the device or emulator.

2. Download a File from the Device or Emulator

Use the pullFile() method to download a file from the device or emulator:

const data = await driver.pullFile('/sdcard/test.txt');

console.log(data);

The above code will download the file /sdcard/test.txt from the device or emulator and print its contents
to the console.
By using the pushFile() and pullFile() methods, you can handle files in your Appium test scripts and
test the file handling capabilities of your mobile app

Q.How does Appium handle network conditions during testing?

Appium handles network conditions during testing by using the setNetworkConnection() method to
simulate different network conditions, such as airplane mode, wifi on, and wifi off. Here are some steps
to simulate network conditions in Appium:

1. Enable Airplane Mode

Use the setNetworkConnection() method to enable airplane mode:

await driver.setNetworkConnection(1); // airplane mode

The above code will simulate airplane mode on the device or emulator being tested.

2. Enable Wifi

Use the setNetworkConnection() method to enable wifi:

await driver.setNetworkConnection(2); // wifi on

The above code will simulate wifi being turned on on the device or emulator being tested.

3. Disable Wifi

Use the setNetworkConnection() method to disable wifi:

await driver.setNetworkConnection(4); // wifi off

The above code will simulate wifi being turned off on the device or emulator being tested.

By using the setNetworkConnection() method, you can simulate different network conditions in your
Appium test scripts and test the behavior of your mobile app under various network conditions.
Q.Can you describe the process of recording the mobile screen during testing with Appium?

Recording the mobile screen during testing with Appium involves using
the startRecordingScreen() and stopRecordingScreen() methods to start and stop recording the screen
of the device or emulator being tested. Here are some steps to record the mobile screen during testing
with Appium:

1. Start Recording the Screen

Use the startRecordingScreen() method to start recording the screen:

await driver.startRecordingScreen();

The above code will start recording the screen of the device or emulator being tested.

2. Perform the Test Steps

Perform the test steps as usual while the screen is being recorded.

3. Stop Recording the Screen

Use the stopRecordingScreen() method to stop recording the screen:

const screenRecording = await driver.stopRecordingScreen();

console.log(screenRecording);

The above code will stop recording the screen of the device or emulator being tested and return the
screen recording data.

By using the startRecordingScreen() and stopRecordingScreen() methods, you can record the mobile
screen during testing with Appium and analyze the screen recording data to identify issues and
optimize the testing process

Q.How to handle dynamic elements in Appium?

Handling dynamic elements in Appium involves using

the waitForElement() and waitForElementToBeClickable() methods to wait for the dynamic elements
to appear and become clickable on the screen. Here are some steps to handle dynamic elements in
Appium:
1. Find the Element

Find the dynamic element using the findElement() method:

const element = await driver.findElement('id', 'dynamic-element');

The above code will find the dynamic element with the ID 'dynamic-element'.

2. Wait for the Element to Appear

Use the waitForElement() method to wait for the element to appear:

await driver.waitForElement('id', 'dynamic-element', 10000);

The above code will wait for the dynamic element to appear for up to 10 seconds.

3. Wait for the Element to Become Clickable

Use the waitForElementToBeClickable() method to wait for the element to become clickable:

await driver.waitForElementToBeClickable('id', 'dynamic-element', 10000);

The above code will wait for the dynamic element to become clickable for up to 10 seconds.

By using the waitForElement() and waitForElementToBeClickable() methods, you can handle dynamic
elements in your Appium test scripts and test the behavior of your mobile app under various conditions.

Q.Explain Appium Desired Capabilities.

Appium Desired Capabilities are a set of key-value pairs that define the characteristics of the session
being created for a mobile app. They allow the Appium server to know what kind of automation
session to start and how to configure it. Desired capabilities can be used to specify the type of mobile
device, the platform on which it is running, and the app to be tested, among other things.

Here is an example of setting Desired Capabilities in Appium:

const wd = require('wd');
const desiredCaps = {

platformName: 'Android',

deviceName: 'emulator-5554',

app: 'path/to/your/apk',

automationName: 'UiAutomator2'

};

const driver = wd.promiseChainRemote('localhost', 4723);

await driver.init(desiredCaps);

In the above example, Desired Capabilities are used to specify the platform name, device name, app
path, and automation name for the Appium session. These Desired Capabilities tell Appium to start an
automation session on an Android emulator with the specified app and using the UiAutomator2
automation engine.

Desired Capabilities can be used to specify various other options such as the version of the platform,
browser version for web testing, app package and activity for Android apps, bundle ID and app name
for iOS apps, etc

Q.How does Appium support mobile web app testing?

Appium supports mobile web app testing by using the WebDriver protocol to automate web browsers
on mobile devices and emulators. This means that you can use the same WebDriver-based commands
and APIs that you would use for web testing on desktop platforms.

Here are some steps to perform mobile web app testing with Appium:

1. Launch the Browser

Launch the browser on the mobile device or emulator using the startActivity() method:

await driver.startActivity('com.android.chrome',
'org.chromium.chrome.browser.ChromeTabbedActivity');
The above code will launch the Chrome browser on the Android device or emulator being tested.

2. Navigate to the URL

Use the get() method to navigate to the URL of the mobile web app:

await driver.get('https://www.google.com');

The above code will navigate to the Google homepage on the mobile browser.

3. Find and Interact with Elements

Use the findElement() method to locate elements on the page, such as buttons, text fields, and links.
Use the sendKeys() method to enter text into input fields, and the click() method to click buttons and
other clickable elements.

const inputElement = await driver.findElement('name', 'q');

await inputElement.sendKeys('Appium is awesome!');

await inputElement.submit();

The above code will locate the input field on the Google homepage using its name attribute, enter the
text 'Appium is awesome!', and submit the form.

By using the same WebDriver-based commands and APIs for mobile web app testing, you can test the
web-based features of your mobile app and ensure that it performs as expected on mobile devices and
emulators

Q.How to integrate Appium with Jenkins for CI?

Integrating Appium with Jenkins for continuous integration (CI) involves using Jenkins plugins to
automate the Appium testing process and generate test reports. Here are some steps to integrate
Appium with Jenkins for CI:

1. Install Jenkins Plugins

Install the Jenkins plugins that are required for Appium testing. Some recommended plugins include:

 Appium
 Xcode integration
  Android Emulator
 Test Results Analyzer
2. Create a Jenkins Job

Create a new Jenkins job for Appium testing by selecting "New Item" and then selecting "Freestyle
project". In the "Build" section, add a build step for executing the Appium test script.

3. Configure the Job

Configure the job by specifying the desired capabilities, the test script, and the location of the test
results. Use the Jenkins plugins to generate test reports and publish the results.

4. Run the Job

Run the job to execute the Appium test script and generate the test reports. The test results will be
displayed in the Jenkins console output and in the test report generated by the Test Results Analyzer
plugin.

By integrating Appium with Jenkins, you can automate your Appium testing process and ensure that
your mobile app is thoroughly tested during every build and release cycle.

Q.How to perform parallel testing of mobile apps with Appium?

Performing parallel testing of mobile apps with Appium involves using multiple Appium servers to run
tests concurrently on different devices or emulators. Here are some steps to perform parallel testing of
mobile apps with Appium:

1. Set Up Multiple Appium Servers

Set up multiple Appium servers to run tests concurrently. Each Appium server should have its own
instance of the mobile app being tested, and should be configured with different device capabilities.

const wd = require('wd');

const desiredCaps1 = {

platformName: 'Android',

deviceName: 'emulator-5554',

app: 'path/to/your/apk',
 automationName: 'UiAutomator2'

};

const driver1 = wd.promiseChainRemote('localhost', 4723);

await driver1.init(desiredCaps1);

const desiredCaps2 = {

platformName: 'Android',

deviceName: 'emulator-5556',

app: 'path/to/your/apk',

automationName: 'UiAutomator2'

};

const driver2 = wd.promiseChainRemote('localhost', 4724);

await driver2.init(desiredCaps2);

In the above example, two Appium servers are set up to run tests concurrently on two different
emulators, each with its own instance of the mobile app being tested.

2. Execute the Tests

Execute the tests on each Appium server using the driver1 and driver2 instances. Use a test framework
such as Mocha or Jasmine to manage the tests and generate test reports.

describe('Test Suite 1', function () {

it('should do something on device 1', async function () {

// test steps on device 1

});

});
describe('Test Suite 2', function () {

it('should do something on device 2', async function () {

// test steps on device 2

});

});

In the above example, two test suites are defined, one for each device being tested. Each test suite
contains one or more tests that execute on the corresponding Appium server.

3. Analyze the Test Reports

Analyze the test reports generated by the test framework to identify issues and optimize the testing
process.

By performing parallel testing of mobile apps with Appium, you can save time and increase the test
coverage of your mobile app.

Q.How to test mobile apps with Appium using a data-driven approach?

Testing mobile apps with Appium using a data-driven approach involves running tests with different
sets of input data to ensure that the app performs as expected under a variety of conditions. Here are
some steps to test mobile apps with Appium using a data-driven approach:

1. Define the Test Data

Define the test data that will be used for the data-driven tests. This can include input data such as
usernames, passwords, and other user inputs, as well as expected output data.

const testData = [

{ username: 'user1', password: 'pass1', expectedOutput: 'output1' },

{ username: 'user2', password: 'pass2', expectedOutput: 'output2' },

{ username: 'user3', password: 'pass3', expectedOutput: 'output3' },

];

In the above example, an array of test data objects is defined, each containing a username, password,
and expected output.
2. Create the Test Scripts

Create the Appium test scripts that will use the test data to execute the tests. Use a test framework such
as Mocha or Jasmine to manage the tests and generate test reports.

describe('Login Test', function () {

testData.forEach(function (data) {

it('should log in with username "' + data.username + '" and password "' + data.password + '"', async
function () {

// set up test environment

// perform login with test data

// verify expected output

});

});

});

In the above example, a test script is defined to test the login functionality of the app using the test data
array. The test script uses the forEach method to iterate over the test data array and execute the test for
each set of test data.

3. Run the Tests

Run the tests using the Appium test runner and analyze the test reports to identify issues and optimize
the testing process.

By testing mobile apps with Appium using a data-driven approach, you can ensure that your app
performs as expected under a variety of conditions and user inputs.

Q.How to handle native dialogues in Appium?

Handling native dialogues in Appium involves using the Appium driver.switchTo().alert() method to
interact with alert dialogs, confirmation dialogs, and other types of native dialogues that may appear
during the testing process. Here are some steps to handle native dialogues in Appium:
1. Identify the Type of Dialogue

Identify the type of dialogue that has appeared on the screen. This can be done by checking the text of
the dialogue or by using Appium to inspect the dialogue element.

const dialogue = await driver.switchTo().alert();

const dialogueText = await dialogue.getText();

In the above example, the switchTo().alert() method is used to switch the focus of the Appium driver to
the active dialogue on the screen, and the getText() method is used to get the text of the dialogue.

2. Handle the Dialogue

Handle the dialogue by interacting with its elements using the Appium driver object. This may involve
clicking on buttons, entering text, or selecting options.

if (dialogueText.includes('Are you sure you want to log out?')) {

await dialogue.dismiss();

} else if (dialogueText.includes('Enter your username:')) {

await dialogue.sendKeys('username');

await dialogue.accept();

In the above example, the type of dialogue is identified by checking the text of the dialogue, and
different actions are taken depending on the type of dialogue. If the dialogue text includes a
confirmation message, the dismiss() method is used to dismiss the dialogue. If the dialogue text
includes a text input field, the sendKeys() method is used to enter text into the field, and
the accept() method is used to accept the dialogue.

3. Timeouts for Dialogue Handling

In some cases, a dialogue may not appear immediately, or may take a while to load. In such cases, you
can set an implicit wait time using the Appium driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait() method.
await driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10000);

In the above example, an implicit wait time of 10 seconds is set for the Appium driver. This means that
the driver will wait for up to 10 seconds for a dialogue to appear before throwing an error.

By handling native dialogues in Appium, you can ensure that your mobile app tests are able to handle
unexpected dialogues and user inputs.

Q.How does Appium handle complex UI component testing?

Appium handles complex UI component testing by providing support for a wide variety of mobile UI
elements and gestures. This includes handling complex UI components such as scrollable lists,
swipeable carousels, and pop-up menus.

To handle complex UI components in Appium, you can use methods such as scroll(), swipe(),
and tap() to interact with the UI elements. For example, to scroll a list in Appium, you can use
the scroll() method to swipe up or down on the list:

await driver.scroll(listElement, direction);

In the above example, the scroll() method is used to scroll a list element in a specific direction.
The listElement parameter specifies the list element to be scrolled, and the direction parameter
specifies the direction of the scroll.

Appium also provides support for multi-touch gestures such as pinch and zoom. For example, to zoom
in on a UI element, you can use the zoom() method:

await driver.zoom(element);

In the above example, the zoom() method is used to zoom in on a UI element specified by
the element parameter.

By providing support for a wide range of UI elements and gestures, Appium enables testers to handle
complex UI components during mobile app testing.

Q.How to test mobile apps with Appium on different screen sizes and resolutions?

Testing mobile apps with Appium on different screen sizes and resolutions involves using Appium's
capabilities to change the screen orientation and resolution of the mobile device or emulator during the
testing process. Here are some steps to test mobile apps with Appium on different screen sizes and
resolutions:

1. Set the Screen Orientation

Set the screen orientation to the desired mode using the Appium driver.orientation() method.

await driver.orientation('LANDSCAPE');

In the above example, the orientation() method is used to set the screen orientation to landscape mode.

2. Set the Screen Resolution

Set the screen resolution to the desired size using the Appium window.setSize() method.

await driver.manage().window().setSize(width, height);

In the above example, the setSize() method is used to set the screen size to the specified width and
height.

3. Perform the Tests

Perform the mobile app tests using the Appium test scripts and analyze the results to identify issues and
optimize the testing process.

By testing mobile apps with Appium on different screen sizes and resolutions, you can ensure that your
app is able to handle a wide range of mobile devices and screen configurations. This can help improve
the user experience and increase the overall quality of your app.

Q.How to handle mobile app updates in Appium testing?

Mobile app updates can introduce changes to the app's UI and functionality, which can impact the
results of automated tests. To handle mobile app updates in Appium testing, you can follow these steps:

1. Set up a Version Control System

Set up a version control system such as Git to keep track of changes to the app and its dependencies.
This allows you to easily switch between different versions of the app during the testing process.
2. Use Desired Capabilities

Use Appium's Desired Capabilities feature to specify the version of the app to be tested. This can be
done using the app capability to point to the app's installation file.

"app": "/path/to/app.apk"

In the above example, the app capability is used to point to the APK file for the app to be tested.

3. Perform Regression Testing

Perform regression testing on the app after each update to ensure that the app is still functioning as
expected. This can be done by rerunning existing tests on the updated version of the app.

4. Update Test Scripts

Update the Appium test scripts to handle any changes to the app's UI or functionality. This may involve
modifying existing test cases or creating new ones to test new features.

By following these steps, you can ensure that your Appium tests continue to work properly even after
mobile app updates.

Q.How to test mobile apps with Appium using TDD approach?

Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development approach that involves writing tests before
writing the code. This approach can help improve the quality of the code and ensure that the app meets
the requirements. To test mobile apps with Appium using the TDD approach, you can follow these
steps:

1. Write Test Cases

Write test cases that define the behavior of the app. These test cases should cover all aspects of the
app's functionality and UI.

2. Run the Test Cases

Run the test cases using Appium to ensure that the app meets the requirements defined in the test cases.
If any test cases fail, update the app code to fix the issues.
const assert = require('assert');

describe('My App', () => {

it('should have a login screen', async () => {

const loginScreen = await driver.findElement('id', 'loginScreen');

assert.ok(loginScreen);

});

});

In the above example, a test case is defined that checks for the presence of a login screen in the app.

3. Update the App Code

Update the app code to fix any issues identified during the testing process. This may involve
refactoring existing code or adding new features to the app.

4. Repeat the Process

Repeat the process of writing test cases, running them using Appium, and updating the app code until
all the requirements have been met and the app is functioning properly.

By testing mobile apps with Appium using the TDD approach, you can ensure that the app meets the
requirements and is of high quality. This can help improve the user experience and increase the overall
success of your app

Q.How to debug and resolve issues in Appium tests?

Debugging and resolving issues in Appium tests is an important part of the testing process. Here are
some tips for debugging and resolving issues in Appium tests:

1. Check the Appium Logs

Check the Appium logs to see if there are any error messages or stack traces that can provide insights
into the issue.

console.log(await driver.getLogs('logcat'));
In the above example, the getLogs() method is used to retrieve the log messages from the logcat device
log.

2. Use Appium Desktop

Use Appium Desktop to inspect the app's UI elements and view the current state of the app during the
test.

3. Check the Test Code

Check the test code to ensure that it is correct and properly interacting with the app's UI elements.

4. Use Breakpoints

Use breakpoints in the test code to pause the test execution and inspect the app's state at a specific point
in time.

5. Try Different Appium Versions

Try different versions of Appium to see if the issue is related to a specific version of Appium.

By following these tips, you can effectively debug and resolve issues in Appium tests and improve the
overall quality of your mobile app.

Q.How to test mobile apps with Appium using a Model-View-Presenter (MVP) pattern?

The Model-View-Presenter (MVP) pattern is a software design pattern that separates the presentation
logic from the business logic in an application. This makes it easier to test the presentation logic of the
app using Appium. Here are some steps to test mobile apps with Appium using the MVP pattern:

1. Define the MVP Layers

Define the MVP layers of the app, including the model, view, and presenter.

2. Write Test Cases for the Presenter

Write test cases for the presenter layer of the app, which contains the business logic.

describe('Login Presenter', () => {

it('should authenticate the user', async () => {

const view = new MockLoginView();

 const presenter = new LoginPresenter(view);

await presenter.login('user', 'password');

assert.ok(view.didAuthenticate());

});

});

In the above example, a test case is defined for the presenter layer of the app.

3. Implement Mock Views

Implement mock views for the view layer of the app to enable testing of the presenter layer.

4. Use Appium for UI Testing

Use Appium for UI testing of the view layer of the app.

describe('Login View', () => {

it('should display a login screen', async () => {

const loginScreen = await driver.findElement('id', 'loginScreen');

assert.ok(loginScreen);

});

});

In the above example, a test case is defined for the view layer of the app.

By following these steps, you can effectively test mobile apps with Appium using the MVP pattern,
which can help improve the quality of your mobile app and make it easier to maintain and update over
time.

Q.Can you explain the process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a Test-Driven Development
(TDD) framework?

Test-Driven Development (TDD) is a software development approach where tests are written before
the code is written. Here's how you can test mobile applications with Appium using a TDD framework:
1. Write a Test Case

Write a test case that defines the behavior of the mobile application.

describe('Login Screen', () => {

it('should display a login screen', async () => {

const loginScreen = await driver.findElement('id', 'loginScreen');

assert.ok(loginScreen);

});

});

In the above example, a test case is defined that checks whether the login screen is displayed.

2. Run the Test

Run the test to see if it fails, which it should because the code to display the login screen has not yet
been written.

3. Write the Code

Write the code that displays the login screen.

class LoginScreen {

display() {

// Display the login screen

In the above example, the code to display the login screen is written.

4. Run the Test Again

Run the test again to see if it passes. If it passes, move on to the next test. If it fails, update the code and
rerun the test.
By following this process, you can develop mobile applications using a TDD framework and ensure
that the code meets the requirements of the test cases.

Q.How does Appium handle the collection and analysis of performance data during testing?

Appium has a number of features that allow you to collect and analyze performance data during testing.
Here are some ways that Appium handles the collection and analysis of performance data during
testing:

1. Performance Metrics

Appium provides a number of performance metrics that can be collected during testing, including CPU
usage, memory usage, and network traffic.

console.log(await driver.getPerformanceMetrics());

In the above example, the getPerformanceMetrics() method is used to retrieve the performance metrics
from the device.

2. Network Throttling

Appium can simulate network conditions during testing, which allows you to test the app's performance
under different network conditions.

await driver.setNetworkConditions({

offline: false,

latency: 200,

downloadSpeed: 1000,

uploadSpeed: 1000,

});
In the above example, the setNetworkConditions() method is used to simulate a network condition with
a 200ms latency and 1mbps download and upload speeds.

3. Performance Monitoring Tools

Appium can integrate with performance monitoring tools, such as Selenium Grid and Jenkins, to
provide a centralized location for performance data collection and analysis.

By using these features, you can effectively collect and analyze performance data during testing and
optimize the performance of your mobile app.

Q.Can you explain the process of using a simulator in Appium testing?

Using a simulator or emulator is a great way to test your mobile application without needing a physical
device. Appium makes it easy to run your tests on simulators and emulators. Here's how you can use a
simulator in Appium testing:

1. Set up the Simulator or Emulator

Set up the simulator or emulator that you want to use. You can do this through Xcode for iOS
simulators or Android Studio for Android emulators.

2. Configure Appium

Configure Appium to use the simulator or emulator that you set up. This can be done by specifying the
device name and platform version in the desired capabilities.

3. Run the Test

Run the test to start the simulator or emulator and execute the test.

const driver = await new webdriver.Builder()

.usingServer('http://localhost:4723/wd/hub')

.withCapabilities(desiredCapabilities)

.build();

In the above example, the webdriver.Builder() is used to start the Appium server and run the test.

By following these steps, you can easily use a simulator or emulator in Appium testing.
Q.How does Appium handle storage and data persistence in mobile applications during testing?

Appium provides several ways to handle storage and data persistence in mobile applications during
testing. Here are some ways Appium handles storage and data persistence:

1. Reset App State

Appium provides a method to reset the app state before each test, which allows you to start each test
with a clean slate.

await driver.resetApp();

In the above example, the resetApp() method is used to reset the app state before each test.

2. File System Access

Appium allows you to access the file system of the mobile device, which allows you to verify that files
are being created and deleted as expected.

const list = await driver.readdir('/path/to/directory');

In the above example, the readdir() method is used to retrieve a list of files in a directory.

3. Database Access

Appium allows you to access the database of the mobile application, which allows you to verify that
data is being persisted correctly.

const result = await driver.execute('SELECT * FROM users');

In the above example, the execute() method is used to execute a SQL query against the database.
4. Mocking Data

Appium provides a way to mock data, which allows you to test the app's behavior when certain data is
present or absent.

await driver.execute('mockData("user", { name: "John Doe" })');

In the above example, the mockData() method is used to mock a user object with the name "John Doe".

By using these features, you can effectively handle storage and data persistence in mobile applications
during testing.

Q.Can you describe the process of navigating in Appium tests?

Navigation is a critical part of mobile app testing, as it is often necessary to move through different
screens to verify functionality. Appium provides several methods to navigate through mobile apps
during testing. Here are some ways to navigate in Appium tests:

1. Navigate Back

Appium provides a method to navigate back to the previous screen.

await driver.navigate().back();

In the above example, the back() method is used to navigate back to the previous screen.

2. Navigate Forward

Appium also provides a method to navigate forward to the next screen.

await driver.navigate().forward();

In the above example, the forward() method is used to navigate forward to the next screen.

3. Navigate To URL

Appium allows you to navigate to a specific URL.

await driver.get('http://example.com');

In the above example, the get() method is used to navigate to the URL "http://example.com".

4. Switch To Window

Appium provides a method to switch to a new window.

const windows = await driver.getAllWindowHandles();

await driver.switchTo().window(windows[1]);

In the above example, the getAllWindowHandles() method is used to retrieve a list of windows, and
the switchTo() method is used to switch to the second window.

By using these methods, you can effectively navigate through mobile apps during testing.

Q.How does Appium handle mouse and touch interactions in mobile applications during testing?

Mobile devices use touch screens to interact with applications, and Appium provides a way to simulate
touch interactions during testing. Here are some ways Appium handles mouse and touch interactions in
mobile applications during testing:

1. Tap

Appium allows you to tap a specific element on the screen.

const el = await driver.findElement(By.id('button'));

await el.tap();

In the above example, the tap() method is used to tap the button with the ID "button".

2. Swipe

Appium provides a method to swipe on the screen.

const el = await driver.findElement(By.id('scrollable_element'));

await driver.touchAction([
 { action: 'press', element: el },

{ action: 'moveTo', x: 0, y: -100 },

'release'

]);

In the above example, the touchAction() method is used to swipe up on a scrollable element.

3. Pinch

Appium allows you to simulate a pinch gesture on the screen.

const el = await driver.findElement(By.id('zoomable_element'));

await driver.zoom(el);

In the above example, the zoom() method is used to perform a pinch gesture on the zoomable element.

4. Drag and Drop

Appium provides a method to drag and drop elements on the screen.

const source = await driver.findElement(By.id('drag_element'));

const target = await driver.findElement(By.id('drop_element'));

await driver.touchActions()

.tapAndHold(source)

.move(target)

.release()

.perform();

In the above example, the touchActions() method is used to perform a drag and drop operation on the
drag and drop elements.

By using these methods, you can effectively handle mouse and touch interactions in mobile
applications during testing
Q.How does Appium handle testing of mobile applications with dynamic UI elements?

Mobile applications often contain dynamic UI elements that change based on user interactions. Appium
provides a way to handle these dynamic UI elements during testing. Here are some ways Appium
handles testing of mobile applications with dynamic UI elements:

1. Wait for an Element to Be Present

Appium allows you to wait for a specific element to be present on the screen.

await driver.wait(until.elementLocated(By.id('my_element')), 10000);

In the above example, the wait() method is used to wait for an element with the ID "my_element" to be
located for up to 10 seconds.

2. Wait for an Element to Be Visible

Appium provides a method to wait for a specific element to be visible on the screen.

await driver.wait(until.elementIsVisible(await driver.findElement(By.id('my_element'))), 10000);

In the above example, the wait() method is used to wait for an element with the ID "my_element" to be
visible for up to 10 seconds.

3. Wait for an Element to Be Clickable

Appium allows you to wait for a specific element to be clickable.

await driver.wait(until.elementToBeClickable(await driver.findElement(By.id('my_element'))), 10000);

In the above example, the wait() method is used to wait for an element with the ID "my_element" to be
clickable for up to 10 seconds.

4. Use Explicit Waits

Appium provides a way to use explicit waits to handle dynamic UI elements.

await driver.wait(() => {

 const el = driver.findElement(By.id('my_element'));

return el.getText().then(text => text === 'expected text');

}, 10000);

In the above example, the wait() method is used to wait for the text of an element with the ID
"my_element" to equal "expected text" for up to 10 seconds.

By using these methods, you can effectively handle dynamic UI elements in Appium tests

Q.Can you describe the process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a hybrid framework?

A hybrid framework is a combination of data-driven and keyword-driven frameworks. Appium allows

you to create a hybrid framework to test your mobile applications. Here are the steps to create a hybrid
framework with Appium:

1. Define your test cases and keywords.

2. Create test data for your test cases.
3. Create a script to read the test data and execute the test cases.
4. Write keywords to perform actions on mobile applications.
5. Create a library of reusable functions.
6. Run your tests and generate reports.

By following these steps, you can create a hybrid framework to test your mobile applications with
Appium.

Q.How does Appium handle testing of mobile applications with different screen resolutions and sizes?

Appium provides a way to handle testing of mobile applications with different screen resolutions and
sizes. Here are some ways Appium handles testing of mobile applications with different screen
resolutions and sizes:

1. Setting Device Capabilities

Appium allows you to set device capabilities to specify the resolution and size of the mobile device you
are testing on.

const capabilities = {

platformName: 'Android',
 platformVersion: '10',

deviceName: 'Pixel 3a',

app: '/path/to/your/app.apk',

automationName: 'UiAutomator2',

newCommandTimeout: 0,

orientation: 'PORTRAIT',

deviceOrientation: 'portrait',

screenResolution: '1080x2220',

};

In the above example, the screenResolution capability is set to "1080x2220" to specify the resolution of
the mobile device.

2. Handling Screen Orientation

Appium allows you to handle screen orientation during testing.

await driver.setOrientation('LANDSCAPE');

In the above example, the setOrientation() method is used to set the screen orientation to
"LANDSCAPE".

3. Scaling and Cropping Images

Appium provides a way to scale and crop images to fit the screen of the mobile device.

const image = await driver.takeScreenshot();

const scaledImage = await Jimp.read(image)

.scale(0.5)

.crop(0, 0, 500, 500)

.getBufferAsync(Jimp.MIME_PNG);
In the above example, the takeScreenshot() method is used to capture a screenshot of the mobile
device. The scale() and crop() methods are used to scale and crop the image to fit the screen of the
mobile device.

By using these methods, you can effectively handle testing of mobile applications with different screen
resolutions and sizes in Appium.

Q.Can you describe the process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a data-driven approach?

Testing mobile applications with Appium using a data-driven approach involves executing the same
test case multiple times with different data sets. Here are the steps to follow to use a data-driven
approach in Appium:

1. Identify the test cases that need to be executed with different data sets.
2. Create test data in a format that can be easily read by your test script.
3. Create a script that can read the test data and execute the test cases.
4. Use a loop to iterate through each row of the test data and execute the test case with the data in
that row.
5. Analyze the test results and generate reports.

By following these steps, you can use a data-driven approach to test your mobile applications with
Appium. This approach can help you test your applications more efficiently and identify defects more
easily.

Q.What are some of the common challenges that organizations face when implementing Appium and how can
they be addressed?

Implementing Appium can present various challenges for organizations, including:

1. Identifying the right devices and emulators:

Testing mobile apps on multiple devices and emulators can be time-consuming and expensive,
especially for organizations that lack the resources to acquire and maintain a large device inventory. To
address this, organizations can use cloud-based testing services like Sauce Labs or BrowserStack to run
tests on a range of devices and emulators.

2. Dealing with mobile device fragmentation:

Mobile devices are available in different form factors, resolutions, and operating systems, which can
make it challenging to design and test mobile applications that work well across all devices. To address
this, organizations can use responsive design and testing frameworks to ensure that the app is
optimized for different screen sizes and resolutions.

3. Keeping up with new mobile OS and platform updates:

New versions of mobile operating systems and platforms are released regularly, which can impact the
compatibility of mobile apps. To address this, organizations can ensure that they have a robust testing
process in place to test their apps on the latest platforms and operating systems.

4. Building robust test suites:

Building robust test suites that cover all possible scenarios and use cases can be time-consuming and
challenging. To address this, organizations can use test automation tools like Appium to automate their
tests and reduce the amount of manual testing required.

5. Debugging and troubleshooting:

Debugging and troubleshooting issues that arise during testing can be challenging, especially when the
issues are related to device compatibility, network conditions, or other external factors. To address this,
organizations can use logging and debugging tools to help diagnose and resolve issues quickly

Q.How can you use the advanced analytics and reporting capabilities of Appium to gain insights into
procurement and inventory management?

Appium provides advanced analytics and reporting capabilities that can be used to gain insights into
procurement and inventory management. Organizations can use these capabilities to identify trends,
optimize inventory levels, and reduce inventory holding costs.

Some of the analytics and reporting capabilities provided by Appium include:

1. Test results analysis:

Appium provides detailed reports on test results, including pass/fail rates, performance metrics, and
screenshots. These reports can be used to identify areas of the app that need improvement and to track
progress over time.

2. Device and platform compatibility analysis:

Appium allows organizations to test their apps on a range of devices and platforms, which can provide
valuable insights into device and platform compatibility issues. By analyzing the results of these tests,
organizations can identify trends and prioritize fixes.

3. Network and performance analysis:

Appium provides detailed metrics on network and performance issues that arise during testing. By
analyzing these metrics, organizations can identify areas of the app that are causing performance issues
and take steps to optimize them.

4. Procurement and inventory management data analysis:

Appium can be integrated with other procurement and inventory management tools to collect data on
inventory levels, demand forecasting, lead time analysis, and safety stock optimization. This data can
be analyzed using Appium's reporting capabilities to identify trends and optimize inventory levels.

In summary, Appium's advanced analytics and reporting capabilities can be used to gain valuable
insights into procurement and inventory management. By analyzing test results, device and platform
compatibility issues, network and performance issues, and procurement and inventory management
data, organizations can optimize their inventory levels, reduce inventory holding costs, and improve
their overall procurement and inventory management strategies

Q.How can you use the advanced pricing and discounting functionality in Appium to improve profitability and
reduce costs?

Appium's advanced pricing and discounting functionality provides organizations with the ability to
optimize their pricing and discounting strategies, improve profitability, and reduce costs. Here are
some ways that this functionality can be used to achieve these goals:

1. Dynamic pricing: Appium's dynamic pricing functionality allows organizations to adjust their
pricing based on market demand, competition, and other factors. This can help to optimize
pricing and increase profitability.
2. Volume discounts: Appium's volume discount functionality enables organizations to offer
discounts based on the volume of products purchased. This can help to incentivize customers to
buy more, and can help to reduce costs by encouraging bulk purchasing.
3. Promotional discounts: Appium's promotional discount functionality allows organizations to offer
discounts for a limited time or for a specific product. This can help to drive sales and improve
customer loyalty.
4. Targeted discounts: Appium's targeted discount functionality enables organizations to offer
discounts to specific customers or customer groups based on their buying behavior or other
criteria. This can help to improve customer retention and increase profitability.
 5. Cost-based pricing: Appium's cost-based pricing functionality allows organizations to set prices
based on the actual cost of producing the product. This can help to ensure that prices are
competitive and profitable.

Overall, Appium's advanced pricing and discounting functionality can help organizations to optimize
their pricing strategies, increase profitability, and reduce costs

Q.Can you explain how Appium supports testing of mobile applications with complex workflows?

Mobile applications with complex workflows can be challenging to test. However, Appium provides
support for testing mobile applications with complex workflows by allowing testers to create test
scripts that replicate the specific steps involved in the workflow.

The process of testing mobile applications with complex workflows in Appium involves the following
steps:

1. Analyze the workflow: The first step in testing a mobile application with a complex workflow is
to analyze the workflow to identify the different steps involved in the workflow.
2. Identify the test cases: Based on the analysis of the workflow, the different test cases must be
identified.
3. Create the test scripts: Using Appium, the test scripts must be created to replicate the steps
involved in each test case. The test scripts must be designed to handle different scenarios and user
inputs.
4. Run the test scripts: The test scripts must be executed to test the mobile application. The test
results must be analyzed to identify any issues or errors in the application.
5. Debug and resolve issues: If any issues or errors are identified during testing, the test scripts must
be debugged to identify the root cause of the issue. Once the root cause is identified, the
necessary changes must be made to the application to resolve the issue.

By following these steps, testers can effectively test mobile applications with complex workflows using
Appium.
Q.Discuss the process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a hybrid framework.

Hybrid mobile applications are built using a combination of web technologies (HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript) and native mobile components. Testing such applications requires a hybrid testing
framework that can work with both web and native components.

Appium is an ideal tool for testing hybrid mobile applications as it can handle both types of
components. A hybrid testing framework using Appium can be designed to interact with both native
and web components of the application.

The framework can be designed to leverage Appium's support for multiple languages and testing
frameworks to create a comprehensive set of tests that cover all components of the hybrid mobile
application.

In a hybrid testing framework, Appium can interact with native components using the Appium API,
while the web components can be tested using a web automation framework such as Selenium
WebDriver. This allows testers to create a comprehensive set of tests that covers both the native and
web components of the application

Q.Discuss the approach of testing mobile applications with Appium using a mobile-only testing strategy.

Mobile-only testing strategy involves testing mobile applications on real devices or emulators without
the use of any automation tools or frameworks. It is a manual testing approach that involves testing the
application using various devices, operating systems, and network conditions.

Appium can be used to support mobile-only testing strategy by providing a platform-agnostic

framework that allows testers to test the application on different devices, operating systems, and
network conditions.

Appium's support for real devices and emulators makes it possible to test the application in a variety of
different environments, while its support for multiple languages and testing frameworks allows testers
to create a comprehensive set of manual tests that cover all aspects of the application.

In a mobile-only testing strategy, Appium can be used to provide a consistent platform for manual
testing, which helps to reduce the time and effort required to test the application on multiple devices
and operating systems. This can result in faster testing cycles and more effective testing of the
application.
Q.How do you handle testing of mobile applications with frequently changing UI elements in Appium?

Testing of mobile applications with frequently changing UI elements can be challenging. However,
Appium provides various features to handle such scenarios effectively.

One such feature is Appium's XPath support. Appium supports XPath expressions to locate elements,
which makes it easier to locate elements even when their position on the page changes.

Another approach is to use Appium's unique identifier feature. Each mobile application element can
have a unique identifier that can be used to locate it even if its position on the screen changes.

Appium also supports dynamic waits, which can be used to wait for elements to appear on the screen
before interacting with them. Dynamic waits can be set up to wait for a specific amount of time or until
a certain condition is met.

It's also a good practice to write automated tests that are easy to maintain and update as the UI elements
change. This can be achieved by writing tests in a modular way and using Page Object Model (POM)
design pattern.

Q.What are some best practices for testing mobile applications with Appium on real devices and emulators?

1. Select a representative set of devices and emulators for testing. Choose devices with different
screen sizes, resolutions, and operating systems.
2. Always use the latest version of Appium and the mobile device operating system to avoid
compatibility issues.
3. Prioritize testing on real devices over emulators whenever possible, since real devices provide
more accurate testing results.
4. Use parallel testing to speed up the testing process. Appium supports parallel testing with
multiple devices/emulators running simultaneously.
5. Always validate the test results on both real devices and emulators.
6. Set up Appium with the correct capabilities to ensure that the tests are executed correctly on the
target devices.
7. Make use of Appium's log files to debug issues during testing.
8. Use a Page Object Model (POM) design pattern to create modular and maintainable tests.
9. Use Appium's features like waits, gestures, and touch actions to create robust and comprehensive
tests.
10. Use test automation frameworks like TestNG or JUnit to manage and execute the tests efficiently.
Q.Can you describe a scenario where you had to implement a workaround while testing a mobile application
with Appium?

Yes, I can describe a scenario where a workaround was required while testing a mobile application
with Appium.

One example is when the Appium server is unable to start the test session due to an issue with the app
being tested. For instance, if the app is not properly signed, Appium may not be able to install and
launch the app on the device or emulator.

In this scenario, a workaround may involve manually signing the app and installing it on the device or
emulator, then specifying the app path and package name in the Appium Desired Capabilities. Another
workaround could be to use a different version of the app that is signed and can be installed and
launched by Appium without issues.

Another example could be when there are compatibility issues between the Appium version and the
mobile operating system or device. In this case, a workaround could involve upgrading or downgrading
the Appium version, or using a different device or emulator that is compatible with the current Appium
version.

Overall, the key to implementing a successful workaround while testing a mobile application with
Appium is to identify the root cause of the issue and to find a viable alternative that enables the test to
be executed without compromising the quality of the test results.

Q.How do you handle testing of mobile applications with different screen resolutions and sizes in Appium?

When testing mobile applications with Appium, it is important to ensure that the application is fully
compatible with devices of different screen sizes and resolutions. This can be achieved by performing
tests on a range of physical devices, as well as on emulators and simulators with varying screen sizes
and resolutions.

To handle testing of mobile applications with different screen resolutions and sizes in Appium, the
following best practices can be followed:

1. Use Appium's Desired Capabilities

Appium's Desired Capabilities can be used to specify the screen size and resolution for the device
under test. This allows tests to be executed on devices with specific screen dimensions and ensures that
the application is tested on devices with varying screen sizes and resolutions.
desired_caps = {

'platformName': 'Android',

'deviceName': 'Android Emulator',

'appPackage': 'com.example.app',

'appActivity': 'MainActivity',

'screenSize': '1280x720',

'udid': 'emulator-5554',

'newCommandTimeout': '300',

2. Use a range of physical devices

Testing on a range of physical devices with different screen sizes and resolutions can provide a more
accurate representation of how the application will perform in the real world. This can help identify any
issues with the application's layout or user interface on devices with different screen sizes and
resolutions.

3. Use emulators and simulators

Emulators and simulators can also be used to test mobile applications with different screen resolutions
and sizes in Appium. By running tests on emulators and simulators with different screen sizes and
resolutions, it is possible to simulate the behavior of the application on devices with varying screen
dimensions.

4. Use layout and visual testing tools

Tools such as Applitools and Percy can be used to perform layout and visual testing of mobile
applications in Appium. These tools can help identify any issues with the application's layout or user
interface on devices with different screen sizes and resolutions.

In summary, to handle testing of mobile applications with different screen resolutions and sizes in
Appium, it is important to use Appium's Desired Capabilities to specify the screen size and resolution,
test on a range of physical devices, use emulators and simulators, and use layout and visual testing
tools to identify any issues with the application's layout or user interface.
Q.How do you handle testing of mobile applications with complex UI components in Appium?

When testing mobile applications with complex UI components, it is essential to have a well-structured
and organized test framework to ensure that tests can be executed easily and maintained over time.
Here are some best practices for handling complex UI components in Appium testing:

1. Use a page object model: This approach separates the page-specific details and operations into
their own objects. By doing this, the code is easier to read, and maintenance becomes simpler.
2. Use unique identifiers: When writing Appium tests, it's essential to use unique identifiers to
ensure that the test script can accurately identify the UI components on the screen. The identifiers
can be attributes such as ID, accessibility ID, or class name, which helps in easily identifying the
element.
3. Use synchronization: Complex UI components may take longer to load. Using synchronization
helps ensure that the test script waits for the element to load before attempting to interact with it.
4. Use Xpath: Xpath is a powerful way to locate elements, especially those with complex UI
components. By using Xpath, you can easily identify the element by traversing the DOM tree,
which makes testing with complex UI components more efficient.

Q.What are some best practices for debugging and resolving issues in Appium tests?

Debugging and resolving issues in Appium tests can be challenging, but following best practices can
help in resolving issues more efficiently. Here are some best practices for debugging and resolving
issues in Appium tests:

1. Use the Appium Inspector: The Appium Inspector is a tool that allows you to inspect the UI
elements of an application during runtime. It provides detailed information about the UI
components that can help in identifying the element you want to interact with.
2. Use the Appium logs: The Appium logs contain detailed information about the tests that are
executed, including any errors or exceptions that occur. By analyzing the logs, you can identify
the root cause of the issue and work towards resolving it.
3. Use explicit waits: When testing mobile applications, it is essential to use explicit waits. This
approach ensures that the test script waits for the element to load before attempting to interact
with it. By doing this, you can avoid issues that may occur due to elements not being loaded or
not being visible.
4. Use breakpoints: Breakpoints can be used to stop the test script at a particular point during
execution, which helps in identifying the root cause of the issue. By using breakpoints, you can
analyze the test script step by step and identify the point at which the issue occurred.
Q.Can you describe a scenario where you had to handle mobile device orientation changes in Appium tests?

Yes, I can describe a scenario where you had to handle mobile device orientation changes in Appium
tests.

In Appium, the setOrientation() method can be used to handle mobile device orientation changes
during testing. The method accepts an argument indicating the orientation to be set, which can be either
"LANDSCAPE" or "PORTRAIT".

For example, consider a scenario where a mobile application needs to be tested in both portrait and
landscape modes. In such a case, the setOrientation() method can be used to change the orientation of
the device during testing. Here is an example of how this can be done in Java

This code snippet first sets the device orientation to portrait mode using the rotate() method with
the ScreenOrientation.PORTRAIT argument. Then, it performs some tests on the mobile application.
Next, it sets the device orientation to landscape mode using the rotate() method with
the ScreenOrientation.LANDSCAPE argument. Finally, it performs some more tests on the mobile
application.

By using the setOrientation() method in Appium, you can ensure that your mobile application is tested
thoroughly in both portrait and landscape modes, and that any orientation-related issues are caught
during the testing phase

Q.How do you handle testing of mobile applications with slow network connections in Appium?

Testing mobile applications with slow network connections is important to ensure the app's
performance and usability in real-world scenarios. Appium provides a way to simulate slow network
connections during test execution using the set_network_conditions() method of
the AppiumDriver class.

To simulate a slow network connection, you can call the set_network_conditions() method and pass the
desired network conditions as a parameter. The method takes three parameters: the network type, the
latency in milliseconds, and the download and upload speeds in bytes per second.

For example, to simulate a 3G network connection with 1000 ms latency and 512 kbps download and
upload speeds, you can use the following code:

network_conditions = {
"offline": False,
 "latency": 1000,
"download_throughput": 512 * 1024,
"upload_throughput": 512 * 1024
}

driver.set_network_conditions(network_conditions)

This code will simulate a slow 3G network connection, and the subsequent test steps will execute under
these network conditions. To reset the network conditions to the default values, you can call
the set_network_conditions() method again and pass the default values as parameters.

Q.What are some best practices for testing mobile applications with Appium on real devices and emulators in a
continuous integration environment?

Here are some best practices for testing mobile applications with Appium on real devices and
emulators in a continuous integration environment:

1. Use real devices for testing whenever possible: Although emulators can be useful for basic
testing, it's always better to use real devices for testing. Real devices provide a more realistic
testing environment and help identify issues that may not be apparent on an emulator.
2. Use a cloud-based testing service: Cloud-based testing services like Sauce Labs and
BrowserStack can provide a scalable, reliable testing infrastructure that can easily integrate with
your continuous integration pipeline.
3. Automate your tests: Automating your tests with Appium can help speed up the testing process
and reduce the risk of human error. Use a framework like TestNG or JUnit to manage your tests.
4. Use the latest version of Appium: Always use the latest version of Appium to ensure that you
have access to the latest features and bug fixes.
5. Use parallel testing: Parallel testing allows you to run multiple tests simultaneously, which can
significantly reduce testing time. Use a tool like Selenium Grid to manage your parallel tests.
6. Use a stable network connection: A stable network connection is crucial when testing mobile
applications. Make sure your test environment has a stable network connection to avoid flaky
tests.
7. Use an appropriate device farm: Use an appropriate device farm for your testing needs. Consider
factors like device availability, device types, and cost when choosing a device farm
Q.What are some best practices for testing mobile applications with Appium using a Page Object Model (POM)
approach?

Here are some best practices for testing mobile applications with Appium on real devices and
emulators in a continuous integration environment:

1. Use real devices for testing whenever possible: Although emulators can be useful for basic
testing, it's always better to use real devices for testing. Real devices provide a more realistic
testing environment and help identify issues that may not be apparent on an emulator.
 2. Use a cloud-based testing service: Cloud-based testing services like Sauce Labs and
BrowserStack can provide a scalable, reliable testing infrastructure that can easily integrate with
your continuous integration pipeline.
3. Automate your tests: Automating your tests with Appium can help speed up the testing process
and reduce the risk of human error. Use a framework like TestNG or JUnit to manage your tests.
4. Use the latest version of Appium: Always use the latest version of Appium to ensure that you
have access to the latest features and bug fixes.
5. Use parallel testing: Parallel testing allows you to run multiple tests simultaneously, which can
significantly reduce testing time. Use a tool like Selenium Grid to manage your parallel tests.
6. Use a stable network connection: A stable network connection is crucial when testing mobile
applications. Make sure your test environment has a stable network connection to avoid flaky
tests.
7. Use an appropriate device farm: Use an appropriate device farm for your testing needs. Consider
factors like device availability, device types, and cost when choosing a device farm.
Q.How does Appium handle testing of mobile applications with complex workflows?

Appium provides a number of features to help test mobile applications with complex workflows. Some
of the most important features are:

 Implicit and Explicit Waits: Appium provides both implicit and explicit waits, which can be
used to make sure that the application is in the expected state before continuing the test. Implicit
waits will wait a fixed amount of time for an element to appear, while explicit waits will wait
until a specific condition is met before continuing.
 Page Object Model (POM): POM is a design pattern that helps manage complex workflows in
mobile applications. The idea is to create a separate class for each page of the application, which
contains the locators and methods for interacting with the elements on that page. This makes it
easy to manage complex workflows and reduces the amount of code duplication.
 Data-Driven Testing: Data-driven testing involves testing an application with multiple sets of
data to verify that it works correctly in all cases. This is particularly useful for testing complex
workflows, where there are many different paths through the application. Appium supports data-
driven testing through various tools and frameworks.
 Parallel Testing: Parallel testing involves running multiple tests simultaneously on different
devices or emulators. This can be particularly useful for testing complex workflows, as it allows
multiple paths through the application to be tested at the same time.
Q.Can you describe the process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a cloud-based infrastructure?

Testing mobile applications with Appium using a cloud-based infrastructure involves running tests on
remote devices hosted on the cloud instead of locally. This approach can be beneficial for teams that
don't have the resources to maintain their own device labs or for teams that want to test on a wide range
of devices without having to purchase them all.
The process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a cloud-based infrastructure involves the
following steps:

1. Choose a cloud-based device provider, such as AWS Device Farm, Sauce Labs, or BrowserStack.
2. Upload the mobile application to be tested to the cloud provider's servers.
3. Create a test script using Appium and specify the desired capabilities, including the cloud
provider-specific capabilities.
4. Run the test script on the cloud provider's remote devices.
5. View the test results and logs in the cloud provider's dashboard.

When running tests on a cloud-based infrastructure, it is important to consider the cost of using the
cloud service, as well as the network latency between the testing environment and the cloud provider's
servers. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the cloud provider has the necessary devices and
configurations to adequately test the application.

Q.How does Appium handle testing of mobile applications with different platform versions and operating
systems?

Appium is designed to handle mobile applications across different platforms and operating systems. It
has built-in support for both iOS and Android platforms and can interact with applications built using
various programming languages and frameworks.

Appium achieves cross-platform compatibility by using the WebDriver protocol to interact with the
application. The WebDriver protocol abstracts the underlying platform-specific details, allowing
Appium to send commands to the application without worrying about the specific platform.

Appium also supports testing of applications on different versions of the platform, such as iOS 10, iOS
11, or Android 7, Android 8. Appium handles this by using the appropriate WebDriver API for the
target version of the platform. This ensures that the commands are compatible with the version of the
platform and that the test is executed correctly.

To test on different versions of operating systems, you may need to specify the version of the operating
system in the desired capabilities of your test script. You can also use cloud-based services like Sauce
Labs or BrowserStack to test on multiple versions of the platform.
Q.Can you describe the process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a continuous delivery
pipeline?

Testing mobile applications with Appium in a continuous delivery pipeline involves automating the
entire testing process, from running the tests to reporting the results. Here are the steps involved:

Define your tests: Define your test cases and write your test scripts in your preferred programming
language using an integrated development environment (IDE) like Eclipse or IntelliJ IDEA.

Set up your testing environment: Set up your testing environment by installing Appium and the
necessary tools, such as the Android SDK, the iOS simulator, or the Xcode development environment.
Configure your Appium server with the appropriate desired capabilities.

Automate your tests: Use a build automation tool like Maven or Gradle to automate the execution of
your test scripts. You can also use Jenkins or another continuous integration tool to trigger the test runs
automatically when code changes are committed.

Run your tests: Once the tests are automated, they can be run automatically every time code changes
are committed to the repository.

Report test results: Set up a reporting framework like Allure or ExtentReports to generate test reports
that provide insight into the test execution and identify any failed tests.

Analyze results: Review the test results to identify any failed tests and issues with the application. Use
the insights gained to improve the application and refine the test cases.

Continuous delivery of mobile applications requires continuous testing, and Appium makes it possible
to automate the testing process and integrate it into a continuous delivery pipeline.

Q.How does Appium handle testing of mobile applications with real devices and emulators in a continuous
integration environment?

Appium is a powerful tool for automated mobile application testing and it can be used to test both real
devices and emulators in a continuous integration environment. Appium provides a number of features
that make it easy to integrate with a continuous integration environment, such as Jenkins.

One of the key features of Appium is its support for a wide range of mobile platforms, including iOS
and Android. This means that you can use Appium to test your mobile applications on a variety of
different devices, both real and virtual. When running tests on real devices, Appium uses the vendor-
provided automation frameworks (such as Apple's XCUITest for iOS and Google's UiAutomator and
Espresso for Android) to interact with the device.

When running tests on emulators, Appium uses a number of different virtualization technologies to
simulate the device environment. For Android, Appium uses the Android Virtual Device (AVD)
manager to create and manage virtual devices. For iOS, Appium uses the Xcode Simulator to create
and manage virtual devices.

To integrate Appium with a continuous integration environment, you can use tools like Jenkins to run
tests automatically when changes are made to the codebase. This allows you to catch issues early in the
development cycle and ensure that your code is always in a working state.

Q.Can you describe the process of testing mobile applications with Appium using a Model-View-Intent (MVI)
pattern?

The Model-View-Intent (MVI) pattern is a popular architecture for building mobile applications. It
separates the application logic into three components: the Model, the View, and the Intent. The Model
represents the application data and business logic, the View is responsible for rendering the UI, and the
Intent is the user's action or request. The MVI pattern allows for a highly decoupled and testable
architecture, which makes it a popular choice for mobile application development.

To test a mobile application built with the MVI pattern using Appium, you can use a combination of
the Page Object Model (POM) and Behavior Driven Development (BDD) techniques.

In the POM, each screen of the application is represented by a page object. The page object contains
the elements of the screen and the actions that can be performed on those elements. This allows you to
write more maintainable and reusable tests.

In BDD, you can use Gherkin syntax to describe the behavior of the application. Each scenario is
written as a set of steps, which are mapped to the methods of the page object.

For example, let's say we have a login screen in our mobile application. We can create a page object for
this screen and define the elements of the screen (e.g., the email input field, the password input field,
and the login button). We can then define the actions that can be performed on these elements (e.g.,
entering an email, entering a password, and clicking the login button).

We can then write a BDD scenario for logging in:

Given the user is on the login screen

When the user enters their email and password

And the user clicks the login button

Then the user should be logged in

Each step of the scenario is mapped to a method of the login screen page object. For example, the first
step ("Given the user is on the login screen") can be mapped to a method that navigates to the login
screen.

With this approach, we can write maintainable and reusable tests that are easy to read and understand.