COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS SURVEY CARRIED OUT IN KADONGO B VILLAGE, EAST KARATENG’
SUB LOCATION, NORTH EAST LOCATION, KISUMU WEST SUB-COUNTY IN KISUMU COUNTY.
PREPARED BY
NAME STUDENT NUMBER
1.ANGELA CHEBOI D/CM/23023/188
2. JAMES KUTIMA D/CM/23023/855
3. CAROLINE KANG'OTHYO D/CM/23023/858
4. ELIZABETH CHINYAVU D/CM/22023/688
5. AUGUSTINE NGELI D/CM/23023/2162
6. MAUREEN JERUTO D/CM/22023/2046
KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE
KABARNET CAMPUS
P.O BOX 401-30400
KABARNET 16th JUNE 2025
1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We wish to pass our sincere gratitude and acknowledgement the following for making our
community diagnosis successful;
1. Thanks to the almighty GOD for taking care of us throughout our survey and making the
whole activity successful
2. Mrs. Proscovia Adema -the HOD clinical medicine Kabarnet campus
3. Mr. Lyton Sang' -The class coordinator for his advice and guidance all through
4. Finally, to the field supervisors at Chulaimbo County Hospital, especially RCO Luke
Ombewa and PHO Reuben Ouya for their immense support towards this achievement
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………………………. I
TABLE OF CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………….II
LIST OF FIGURES……………………………………………………………………………….III
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………………………………………IV
APPENDICES……………………………………………………………………………………..V
DECLARATION……………………………………………………………………………………VI
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………………..VII
OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS……………………………………………………………….VIII
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………1
1.1. BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF THE STUDY AREA…………………………1
1.1.1 STUDY AREA………………………………………………………………………………….2
1.1.2 LOCATION AND SIZE……………………………………………………………………..2
1.1.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS……………………………………………..2
1.1.4 SOCIO ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES………………………………………………………2
1.1.5 CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY………………………………………………………2
1.1.6 ACCESSIBILITY……………………………………………………………………………3
2.0 LITERATURE RIVIEW………………………………………………………………………………3
2.1 NUTRITION……………………………………………………………………………………….3
2.2 WATER SUPPLY……………………………………………………………………………….3
2.3 SANITATION………………………………………………………………………………………4
2.4 IMMUNISATION………………………………………………………………………………4
2.5 FAMILY PLANNING………………………………………………………………………….4
3
3.0 CHAPTER THREE………………………………………………………………………………5
3.1 STUDY DESIGN……………………………………………………………………………5
3.2 STUDY AREA……………………………………………………………………………….5
3.3 STUDY POPULATION ………………………………………………………………….5
3.4 SAMPLING UNIT…………………………………………………………………………..6
3.5 SAMPLING SIZE DETERMINATION………………………………………………….6
3.6 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS/METHODS…………………………………………….6
3.7 INCLUSION QND EXCLUSION CRITERIA…………………………………………6
3.7.1 INCLUSION……………………………………………………………………….6
3.7.2 EXCLUSION……………………………………………………………………….6
3.8 ETHICAL CONSIDERATION………………………………………………………………7
3.9 STUDY LIMITATION…………………………………………………………………………7
4.0 CHAPTER FOUR…………………………………………………………………………………………8
4.1 PART A: SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE……………………………………………………….9
4.1 .1 AGE OF RESPONENT……………………………………………………………………………10
4.1.2 GENDER OF THE RESPONDENT……………………………………………………………..10
4.1.3 MARITUAL STATUS OF THE RESPONDENT………………………………………………10
4.1.4 RELIGION OF THE RESPONDENT…………………………………………………………….10
4.1.5 LEVEL OF EDUCATION OF THE RESPONDENT…………………………………………….11
4.1.6 OCCUPATION OF THE RESPONDENT………………………………………………………….11 4.2
PART B WATER SUPPLY……………………………………………………………………………11
4.2.1 SOURCE OF WATER……………………………………………………………………………………11
4
4.2.2 METHODS OF WATER STORAGE………………………………………………………………….11
4.2.3 TREATMENT OF WATER IN AGULU……………………………………………………………12 4.3
PART C NUTRITION……………………………………………………………………………………………..13
4.3.1 RESIDENCE MAIN SOURCE OF FOOD ………………………………………………………..13
4.3.2 PRESENCE OF KITCHEN GARDEN………………………………………………………………13
4.3.3 WEANING FOODS……………………………………………………………………………………1.
4.4 PART D FAMILY PLANNING ……………………………………………………………………………15
4.4.1 KNOWLWDGE OF FAMILY PLANNING………………………………………………………15
4.4.2 FAMILY PLANNING METHODS …………………………………………………………………16
4.5 PART E : ACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITY………………………………………………………………16
4.6 PART F: SANITATION…………………………………………………………………………………………16
4.6.1 METHODS OF EXCREATOR DISPOSAL……………………………………………………16
4.7 PART G: IMMUNIZATION STATUS ………………………………………………………………16
4.7.1 IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE UNDER FIVE ………………………………………17
5.0 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………18
5.1 SOCIAL DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE……………………………………………………… 18
5.2 SANITATION STATUS ON THE COMMUNITY……………………………… 18
6.0 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION………………………….19
6.1 CONCLUSION ……………………………………………………………………. 19
6.2 RECOMMENDATION ……………………………………………………………. 19
5
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: showing gender of the respondents
Figure 2: showing religion of the respondents
Figure 3: showing those who treat water
Figure 4: showing residence main sources of food
Figure 5: showing weaning foods
Figure 6: showing knowledge of residents on family planning
Figure 7: showing immunization coverage of under five
6
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: showing age of respondents
Table 2: showing marital status
Table 3: showing level of education of the respondent
Table 4: showing occupation of respondents
Table 5: showing water sources
Table 6: showing methods of water collection
Table 7: showing methods of water treatment
Table 8: showing those with kitchen garden
Table 9: showing family planning methods used
Table 10: showing excrete disposal methods
7
APPENDICES
APPENDICES 1: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
APPENDICES 2: SURVEY BUDGET
APPENDICES 3: WORK PLAN
8
DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the information contained in this document is our original work
and has not been submitted by any other group/ individual for any award.
NAME STUDENT ID SIGN
ANGELA CHEBOI D/CM/23023/188
AUGUSTINE NGELI D/CM/23023/2162
JAMES KUTIMA D/CM/23023/855
MAUREEN JERUTO D/CM/22023/2046
CAROLINE KING'OTHYO D/CM/23023/858
ELIZABETH CHINYAVU D/CM/22023/688
9
LIST OF ABBREVIATION
PHO Public Health Officer
HOD Head of Department
RCO Registered Clinical Officer
10
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Community diagnosis is a comprehensive assessment of health status of the community in
relation to its social, physical and biological environment.
The purpose of Community Diagnosis is to define existing problem, determine available resources and
set priority for planning implementing and evaluating health action by, and for the community.
Community diagnosis is done using a tool called health indicators which are the variables used for an
assessment of community health indicators must be valid, reliable, sensitive, specific, feasible and
relevant.
Community diagnosis helps to find the common problems or diseases which are troublesome to the
people and are easily preventable in the community.
Community diagnosis can be a pioneer steps for betterment of rural community health; it's a tool to
disclose the hidden problems that are not visible to the community people but are being affected by
them.
It helps to assess the group of underprivileged people who are unable to use the available facilities due
to poverty, prevailing discrimination or other reasons.
It helps to find the real problem of the people in the community which might have not been perceived
by them as a problem. It also imparts knowledge and attitude to turnover people’s problem towards the
right solution.
11
1.1 BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF STUDY AREA.
1.1.1 STUDY AREA
The study was carried out in Kadongo B village, East Karateng’ Sub-Location, North East Location, Kisumu
west sub-county, Kisumu County.
1.1.2 LOCATION AND SIZE
East Karateng’ sub-location is divided into several villages in which Kodongo B is among them. Kodongo B
village is located between Chulaimbo Sub- County Hospital and Daraja Mbili.
The village is approximately 2.5 km
1.1.3 DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS
According to 2019, Kenya Population and Housing Census the population of the county was 1,155,574,
where female and males were 594.609 and 556,942 respectively. The population of Kisumu West sub-
county was 172,821 while that of East Karateng' sub-location was estimated to be 4465 where males are
2078 and females 2431. Kodongo B village has approximately 278 people.
1.1.4 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
There are a number of economic activities carried out in Kodongo B village including; crop farming
example; maize, millet, sorghum, sweet potatoes, cassava, livestock keeping example sheep, goat, cattie.
1.1.5 CLIMATE AND TOPOGRAPHY
Kisumu County has a moderate hot and wet climate throughout the year. The average temperature is
greater than 23.93 •C (degree Celsius) throughout.
12
East Karateng' sub-location experiences two rainy seasons; March -May, August- November which are
the long and short rains respectively. It is hot and wet from January to March.
1.1.6 ACCESSIBILITY
Kadongo B village is served by Kisumu- Busia Highway.
13
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW.
2.1 NUTRITION
Nutrition is the science of foods, nutrients and other substances therein. their action, interaction and
balance in relationship to health and discase, the process by which the organism ingest digest, absorbs,
transports and utilizes nutrients and disposes the end product.
Its purpose is to maintain life, growth, normal functioning of organs and production of energy It is
especially important for physical and mental development of children, adolescents and health
pregnancies. Constituents of nutrients include carbohydrates, fats, Protein, mineral, vitamins and water.
Mother’s breast milk is sufficient for a baby for the first six months of life. By six months, supplementary
foods(weaning) should be introduced gradually during weaning a child should be fed at least four times
every day. Foods that are normally used during weaning includes; milk, milk mixed with porridge, ugali,
smashed cooked fish, powdered roasted groundnuts etc.
2.2 WATER SUPPLY
Water is a liquid at a standard ambient temperature and pressure, but it's often co-existing on earth in
its solid, ice and gaseous state (water vapor or steam). Water is essential to life, only second to air. Water
can affect health in a number of ways. Lack of it for personal hygiene may results in increased
transmission of some illnesses known as water washed diseases.
It may carry organisms of specific conditions called water borne diseases it may be necessarily in the life
cycle of vector related diseases. It may be necessarily in the life cycle of vector of water related diseases.
Methods of treating water include storage (three pot system), filtration, sterilization (boiling) and
chlorination. Each person requires two liters of water a day for basic physiological needs.
2.3 SANITATION
Sanitation refers to all conditions that affect health especially with regard to dirt and infection and
especially to the drainage and disposal of sewage from houses.
Hygiene disposal of waste is important because effective organisms for many diseases leave the body
through feces and urine Under housing condition, it affects the human health. Inadequate ventilation
together with overcrowding contributes to spread of air borne diseases.
14
2.4 IMMUNIZATION
It's a process of protecting persons from specific disease. A person is considered to be fully immunized
after getting full doses of BCG, Polio and pentavalent, Rota virus, Measles, pneumococcal vaccine and
malaria vaccine. This is normally up to the age of 18 months. Pregnant mothers should be given tetanus
toxoid vaccines. Two doses are given for the first pregnancy for 2nd and 3"' and pregnancy. After TT
vaccine is not given for subsequent pregnancies.
If immunization by vaccine is to be an effective control of communicable diseases, then at least 80% of
the whole population and 80% of the newborn have to be successfully vaccinated.
2.5 FAMILY PLANNING
Family planning is the practice of controlling the number of children one has and the interval between
their births particularly by means of contraception of voluntary sterilization.
2114 million women of reproductive age in developing countries who want to avoid pregnancy are using
modern contraceptive method. Some family planning methods, such as condom, help to prevent the
transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infection.
Family planning/contraception reduces the need for abortion especially unsafe abortion. It reinforces
people's right to determine the number and spacing of their children. By preventing unintended
pregnancy, family planning prevents death of mother and children.
15
3.0 CHAPTER THREE: STUDY METHODOLOGY
3.1 STUDY DESIGN
The study was descriptive cross-sectional design describing the nutritional status of the community,
sanitation status, accessing community water supply, determining immunization status of infants and
pregnant mothers in the community and to access the community members on knowledge of family
planning.
3.2 STUDY AREA
The study area was Kodongo B village, East Karateng' sub location, North East location, Kisumu West sub-
county, Kisumu County.
3.3 STUDY POPULATION
The study population was the community members of Kodongo B village.
3.4 STUDY UNIT
Study unit was households of Kodongo B village.
3.5 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
The sample size was calculated standard Fischer et al method, of 1998 was used; -
n=Z'pa
Where ;
n= sample size
p= the proportion in the target population estimated to have characteristics being measured.
z- the standard normal deviation set as 1.96
q= statistical notation for 1-p degree of accuracy set at 0.05
Thos:
n – 1.962 – 0.62-04
0.052
16
• 369
Since the target population was less than 10,000 people the Fischer et al formula was used, nf=
1+ n/N
Where,
nf- desired sample size when population is less than 10,000
n=desired sample size.
N= estimated number of the households
Therefore
nf = 369
1+369/76
=62.9
Rounded off to 63 respondents
N/B due to limited time and funds the numbers of respondent was reduced to 63 respondents.
3.6 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS / METHODS
Interview by using sample questionnaires were used to collect data.
3.7 INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION CRITERIA
3.7.1 INCLUSION
All household members above 18yrs of age, who were present and willing to participate.
3.7.2 EXCLUSION
Any visitor found in the study area, household members below 18yrs and anyone who was willing to
participate were excluded in the interview participation.
ETHICAL CONSIDERATION
The authority letter was obtained from Principal Nairobi KMTC to respective county public health offices,
Kisumu County. Permission to collect data was obtained from the area chief who introduced the
17
researchers to the village elders; consent was also sought from individual respondent who gave answers
to their own free will.
3.9 STUDY LIMITATION
• Limited time
• Insufficient funds
• Hot climatic conditions
• Long distance from area of residence to area of study
• Language barrier
18
CHAPTER FOUR
4.1 PART A: SOCIO DEMOCRAMING PROFILE
4.1.1 Age of die respondent
Table 1. Showing age of respondent
AGE PERCENTAGE
18- 23 Years 12%
24- 35 Years 40%
Above 35 Years 48%
Majority of the respondents were above 35 years (48%), 40% between 24- 35 years and 12% between
18- 23 years.
1.1.1 Gender the respondents
Figure 1: Shows the gender of the respondents
19
gender
0.31
0.69
3rd Qtr 4th Qtr
Majority were female (69%) with men as the minority (31%).
1.1.2 Marital status
Table 2: Shows marital status of respondents
STATUS PERCENTAGE
Single 12%
Married 81%
Divorced 2%
Others 5%
Majority of people are married (81%), 12% single and divorced/ others are 2% & 5%
respectively.
1.1.3 Religion of respondents
Figure 2: Shows the religion of respondents
20
RELIGEON
2%
98%
CHRISTIANS MUSLIMS
Majority are Christians taking 98% and Muslims taking 2%.
21
1.1.4 Level of education
Table 3: Showing respondents’ level of education.
LEVEL PERCENTAGE
Primary 55%
Secondary 38%
Tertiary 7%
1.1.5 Majority went to school up to primary level (55%), secondary 38% and
the minority of 7% at tertiary level.
1.1.6 Occupation of the respondents
Table 4: Showing the respondents’ occupation.
OCCUPATION PERCENTAGE
Employed 20%
Unemployed 72%
Others (specify) 8%
Majority of the respondents are unemployed.
1.2 PART B: WATER SUPPLY
4.2.1 Source of water
22
Table 5: Showing source of water
SOURCE PERCENTAGE
Stream 65
Borehole 7
Roof catchment 18
Tap water 10
1.2.1 Methods of water storage
Table 6: Showing methods of water collection
METHODS PERCENTAGE
Tanks 20
Jerricans 40
Buckets 30
Pots 10
Major storage is jerrican storage, then buckets, tanks and pots are the least used
23
1.2.2 Water treatment
Figure 3: Showing those who treat water in Kodongo B village.
WATER TREATMENT
35%
65%
TREAT WATER DO NOT
Majori
ty of people treat water and 35% do not treat water.
24
1.2.3 Methods of water treatment.
Table 7: Showing methods of water treatment.
METHOD PERCENTAGE
Boiling 22
Chlorination 70
Three pot system 3
Others 5
Most used method is chlorination, then boiling, least used method is the three pot system.
1.3 PART C: NUTRITION
4.3.1 Residents’ main source of food
Figure 4: Showing residents’ main source of food
25
FOOD SOURCE
31%
69%
FARM MARKET
Majority 69% obtain their foods from farm while minority 31% obtain their food from market
1.3.1 Presence of kitchen garden
Table 8: showing presence of kitchen garden
KITCHEN GARDEN PERCENTAGE
Yes 68
No 32
Majority 68% have kitchen garden while minority 32 percent does not have kitchen
garden
26
1.3.2 Weaning foods
Figure 5: showing weaning foods
WEANING FOODS
8% 2%
22%
68%
PLAIN PORRIDGE PORRIDGE MIXED WITH MILK
UGALI AND VEGETABLES OTHERS
Majority 68% used plain porridge for weaning their children while minority 2% did
not specify the weaning foods that they used
1.4 Family planning
4.4.1 Knowledge on family planning
Figure 6: showing knowledge of residents on family planning
27
KNOWLEDGE ON FAMILY PLANNING
18%
82%
YES NO
Majority 82% have knowledge on family planning while minority 18% don’t have knowledge
on family planning
1.4.1 Family planning methods
Table 9: showing methods of family planning used
METHOD PERCENTAGE
Oral pills 12
Injection 58
Implants 22
insertion 8
Majority 58% uses injectables while minority 8% uses insertion
28
1.5 PART E: ACCESS TO HEALTH FACILITY
Kodongo B village has numerous health facilities around like Chulaimbo County
Hospital, Masaba Hospital ang Ojola Sub-county Hospital.
1.6 PART F: SANITATION
4.6.1 Methods of excrete disposal
Table 10: Showing methods of excrete disposal
METHOD PERCENTAGE
Bush 3%
Latrine 97%
Others 0%
Majority uses latrine
1.7 PART G: IMMUNIZATION STATUS
4.7.1 under five immunization coverage
29
Figure 7: Showing immunization coverage of under five
IMMUNIZATION COVERAGE
not immunised; 10%
not fully immunised; 7%
fully immunised ; 83%
Majority of the children were fully immunized
1.8 OBSERVATION CHECK LIST
PARTICULARS SPECIFICATION PERCENTAGE
Type of housing Permanent 25%
Semi-permanent 70%
Temporal 5%
Ventilation and lighting Adequate 80%
Inadequate 20%
Type of latrine Ordinary pit latrine 62%
VIP 10%
Just a pit 28%
Kitchen garden Yes 68%
No 32%
30
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION
5.1 Socio-demographic
During the study, it was found that the majority of respondents in Kadongo B village were Over 35yrs and
minorities were between 18-23yrs. In addition, the majority 69% of the respondents were female while
minorities 31% of the respondents were male. Moreover, the majority of the respondents 81% were
married while 12% were single, others (5%) and divorced (2%).
It was found that most respondents (98%) were Christians while (2%) were Muslims. It was also found
most of the respondents (48%) completed their education at primary level while (39%) completed their
education at secondary level, while (13%) at tertiary level.
The study reveals that the majority (42%) of the residents of Kodongo B village were unemployed while
(34%) were employed and others (24%).
5.2 SANITATION STATUS OF THE COMMUNITY
The study reveals that majority (97%) use latrine as a method of excreta disposal while minority (3%) use
bush.
5.3 WATER SUPPLY
The study established that the majority 65% of the respondents in Kodongo B village were supplied with
water from Nyiekna stream as their main source of water for domestic purposes, this indicates that the
village is adequately supplied with wholesome water, moreover 39% of the residents’ stores water in
jerricans of which they believe it's clean.
5.4 IMMUNIZATION STATUS OF THE COMMUNITY
The study established that majority, 90% of the residents had their under 5 yrs children fully immunized.
This suggests the number of immunizable diseases is fever in the village.
This lowers morbidity and mortality rate of the children under 5 yrs.
5.5 NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE COMMUNITY
The study established that the majority 61% obtain food from their farms and minority from the market.
31
5.6 HEALTH FACILITY ACCESS
Majority of Kodongo B village have access to Chulaimbo County Hospital, minority at Ojola and Masaba.
this shows that the residents of Kodongo B village have good access to health facilities.
6.0 CHAPTER SIX: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1 Conclusion
Based on findings of survey, the following conclusions were made; -
Most residents of Kadongo B village use latrines as method of extra disposal after
which they wash their hands with water majorly and others use water with soap.
Most residents of Kadongo B village dispose waste refuse in pits and kitchen
gardens.
Most residents of Kadongo B village obtain water from Nyiekna stream and
stores them in jerricans.
Most residents of Kadongo B village treat their water.
Most residents of Kadongo B village consume ugali, vegetables, fish, cassava and
sweet potatoes as their staple foods.
Majority of residents in this village are unemployed.
Majority of under- fives were fully immunized.
Most residents obtain food from farm and the majority have kitchen garden.
Majority practice exclusive breast feeding up to 6 months as per the requirement
by WHO and porridge was the most used weaning food.
Houses in this village has adequate and proper lightening and ventilation
Most family planning method used by women of reproductive age in this village
is injectable method.
32
Most members of this village attained primary level of education, small number
attained secondary level of education with the slightest number attaining tertiary
level and others not attending school at all.
6.2 Recommendation
The public health officers should educate members of Kodongo B village on
proper water treatment and storage.
Public Health Officers in collaboration with nutritionists should advice the
members of Kodongo B village on the benefits of having kitchen garden,
propre hygiene maintenance and importance of balanced diet.
APPENDIX 1: INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS
33
An interview schedule assesses the general community health status of Kodongo B
village, East Karateng’ Sub- Location, North East Location, Kisumu West Sub- County,
Kisumu County.
INTRODUCTION
The information collected will help to determine the health status of the community in
this area.
Information will be obtained voluntarily from respondents and it will be treated with
confidentiality and it is for academic purpose.
You are kindly requested to honestly and accurately respond to all questions below by
putting tick ( ) against the right answer or by writing.
Respondent agreed to be interviewed?
a) Yes ( )
b) No ( )
Signature of the interviewer ___________________ Date _____________
Household identification
This section is to be inspected for each household visited.
House number _________________________
Interviewee number ___________________________
Date of interview ___/06/2025
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
