9OCHN MODULE
Community
Is a collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interest give sense of interest.
Seen as a group or collection of localities individuals in social units and sharing interests, characteristics,
values and goals
TWO MAIN TYPES OF COMMUNITY (MAURER AND SMITH 2009)
A .GEOPOLITICAL COMMUNITIES called territorial communities
Are most traditionally recognized
Form by both natural and man made boundaries and include barangays, municipalities,cities,provinces,
regions and nations
B.PHENOMENOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES called as FUNCTIONAL COMMUNITIES
Refer to relational, interactive groups, in which the place or setting is more abstract and people share a group
perspective or identity based on culture, values, history, interest and goals.
DEFINITION OF HEALTH
WHO- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity.
MURRAY- a state of well being in which the person is able to use a purposeful ,adaptive,responses,and
process, physically, mentally, emotionally, spiritually and socially.
PENDER-actualization of inherent and acquired human potential through goal directed behaviour, competent
self care,and satisfying relationships with others.
MODERN CONCEPT OF HEALTH-refer to the optimum level of functioning (OLOF)is influenced by
ecosystem.
ECOSYSTEM FACTORS
POLITICAL >
society,oppression, people Empowerment
Socioeconomic BEHAVIOR
employment, culture
Education habits,mores
OLOF
Housing ethnics customs
INDIVIDUAL
ENVIRONMENT FAMILY GROUPS HEREDITY
Air,food COMMUNITY generic
Water waste /POPULATION endowment
Urban/rural -defects, strengths ,risks
Noise familial
Radiation ethnic
Population racial
HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
Promotive PreventivE Curative
Rehabilitative
DETEMINANTS OF HEALTH
Factors that make people healthy or not listed by WHO...
1. Income status
2. Education
3. Physical environment
4. Employment
5. Social support network
6. Culture
7. Genetics
8. Personal behavior and coping stress
9. HEALTH services
10. Gender
Definition and focus of Community health or public
DR C.E WINSLOW-“Public health as science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health
and efficiency through organized community effort for
Sanitation of environment
Control communicable infections
Education of individuals in Personal hygiene
Organization of medical ND NURSING services for the early diagnosis and PreventivE treatment of disease.
FUNCTION OF PUBLIC HEALTH (WHO)
HEALTH SITUATION MONITORING AND ANALYSIS
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE DSE PREVENTION AND CONTROL
DEVELOPMENT POLICIES AND PLANNING IN PUBLIC HEALTH
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH SYSTEM AND SERVICES FOR POPULATION HEALTH GAIN
REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT TO PROTECT PUBLIC HEALTH
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND PLANNING IN PUBLIC HEALTH
HEALTH PROMOTION ,SOCIAL PARTICIPATION AND EMPOWERMENT
ENSURING THE QUALITY OF PERSONAL AND POPULATION BASED HEALTH SERVICES
RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INNOVATIVE PUBLIC HEALTH SOLUTIONS
What is NURSING (NSG)
Assisting sick individuals to become healthy and healthy individuals achieve optimum wellness.
WHAT IS COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING??
Synthesis of Nursing practice and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving health of populations
(ANA 1980)
Encompasses subspecialties that include public health nursing, school nursing,occupational health
nursing,and other developing fields of practice, such as home health, hospice care and independent nurse
practice.
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING (PHN)
The term used before for community health nursing broader and include independent n⁹ursing practice
THE ULTIMATE GOAL OF CHN
To raise the level of health of the citizenry
To enhance the capacity of inviduals, families, and the communities to cope with their health needs
CHN(MAGLAYA ET EL)
THE UTILIZATION OF NURSING PROCESS in the different levels of clientele, individuals,
family ,community ,and population groups concern with the promotion of health, prevention of dse, and
disability and rehabilitation.
Public health nursing (freeman)
>the field of professional practice in which technical nursing, interpersonal, analytical, and organizational
skills are applied to problems of health as they affect the community.
These skills are applied in concert with those of other persons engaged in health care of families and other
groups and through measures for evaluations or control of threats to health, for health education of
public and for mobilisation of the public for health action.
12 public health interventions
Surveillance >monitors health events
Disease and other health event investigations
Outreach >loaches population of interest or population s at risk
Screening >identifies individuals with unrecognized health risk factors
Case finding >identifies risk factors and connects them with resources.
Referral and follow up >assist to identify and access necessary resources.
Case management >optimizes self care capabilities of individuals and families.
Delegate functions >direct care tasks that the nurse carries out
Health teaching >commicates facts,ideas,and skills that chane knowledge, attitudes values ,behaviours
and practice.
Counselling >establish an interpersonal relationship with the intention of iincreasing or enhancing their
capacity for self care and coping
Consultation >seeks information and generates optional solutions to percieve problems.
Collaboration commits two or more persons or an organization
Community building >develop alliances among organization
Community organizing>helps Community groups to identify common problems or goals moblizes resources
and developing implement strategies
Advocacy>pleads someone cause or acts someone’s behalf.
Policy development and enforcement >place issues on decision makers agendas,acquires plan of
resolution.
TYPES OF FAMILY IN THE COMMUNITY
a.NUCLEAR FAMILY >consists of father,mother and children (either adopted or biological)
b.EXTENDED > consists of father,mother,and children with other relatives
C.SINGLE PARENT > SINGLE MOTHER/FATHER WITH CHILDREN
d.BINUCLEAR/BLENDED /RECONSTITUTED > extended consisting of 2 or more separate household from separated
or divorced parents with children.
e.STEP FAMILY > remarriage of a widowed person with children.
f.compound,> one man/woman with several spouses
g.COHABITING >lived in un married couple
h. Dyad> husband and wife without children
I.HOMOSEXUAL >female-female/male-male,lesbian with or without children.
J.COMMUNAL > eg.bahay ampunan, home for the aged,kumbento
k.NO-KIN >have no legal or blood tie to each other.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF CHN
The community is the patien in chn ,the family is the unit of care and there are 4 levels of
clientele:individual, family ,population group.those who share in common chara teristic ,developmental
stages and common exposure to heath problem eg.children,elderly i COMMUNITY
The client is considered as an ACTIVE partner NOT PASSIVE recipient of care.
CHN practice is affected by development in health technologies in particular, changes in societies in
general
The goal of chn is achieved through multi sectoral efforts.
Roles OF THE PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
Remember: Generalist never specialist
Clinicians who is a health care provider ,taking care of the sick people at home or at RHU
Health Educator who aims towards health promotion and illness prevention through
dissemination of correct information:, educating people (knowledge, skills,attitude KSA)
FACILITATOR who establish multi sectoral linkages by referral system
SUPERVISOR Who monitors and supervises the performance of midwives
Leader, role model, and change agent
RESEARCHER
PUBLIC HEALTH WORKERS
MEDICAL OFFICER
PUBLIC HEALTH NURSE
RURAL HEALTH MIDWIFE (RHM)REGISTERED MIDWIFE
DENTIST
NUTRITIONIST
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST
PHARMACIST
RURAL SANITARY INPECTOR(RSI) must be a sanitary engineer
FUNCTION OF SCHOOL NURSE
School health and nutrition survey
Putting up a functional school clinic
Health Assessment
Standard vision testing
Ear examination
Height &weight Measurements & nutritional status determination
Medical referrals
Attendance to emergency cases
Student health counselling
>Based on R.A 1054 must be employed when there are 30 -100 and the work place is more than
1km.away the nearest center
>occupational hazards:physical,biological, mechanical, psychosocial
THE RULE OF WHO IN PUBLIC HEALTH
PROVIDING LEADERSHIP ON MATTERS CRITICAL TO HEALTH AND ENGAGING IN PARTNERSHIP WHERE
JOUNT ACTION IS NEEDED;
SHAPING THE RESEARCH AGENDA AND STIMULATING THE GENERATION, TRANSLATION AND
DISSEMINATION OF VALUABLE KNOWLEDGE.
SETTING NORMS AND STANDARDS AND PROMOTING AND MONITORING THIER IMPLEMENT
Articulating ethical and evidence based policy options.
Providing technical support ,catalyzing change and building sustainable institutional capacity
Monitoring the health situation and assessing health trends.
Millennium development goals 2015 to sustainable development goals 2030
MGD>signed by UN member countries on September 2000
Aims to achieve a set of 8 measurable goals that combat poverty ,hunger ,disease,illiteracy,environmental
degradation and discrimination against women by 2015.
DOH-DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
VISION FILIPINOS ARE AMONG THE HEALTHIEST PEOPLE IN SOUTH EAST ASIA BY 2022 AND ASIA BY 2040
MISSION >TO LEAD THE COUNTRY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PRODUCTIVE ,RESILIENT,EQUITABLE,AND PEOPLE
CENTERED HEALTH SYSTEM
DOH holds the over all technical authority on health as it is a national health policy maker and regulatory
institution.
It’s mandate is to develop national plans,technical standards and guidelines on health
BASIC HEALTH SERVICES UNDER PHC DOH
EDUCATION REGARDING HEALTH
LOCAL ENDEMIC DISEASES
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION
MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH SERVICES
ESSENTIAL DRUGS AND HERBAL PLANTS
NUTRITIONAL HEALTH SERVICES (PD491)CREATION OF NUTRITION COUNCIL OF THE PHILIPPINES.
TREATMENT OF COMMUNICABLE *NON COMMUNOCABLE DSE.
SANITATION OF ENVIRONMENT (PD 856):SANITARY CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
DENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION
ACCESS TO AND USE OF HOSPITAL AS CENTERS OF WELLNESS
MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION.
PHILIPPINE HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM
TOTALITY OF ALL POLICIES, FACILITIES, EQUIPMENT, PRODUCTS,HUMAN RESOURCES, AND SERVICES which
address the health needs,problems and concerns of people. It is large complex, multi level and multi
disciplinary
