Group 8

1. Iin Tati Rumiyati (2223210002)

2. Nadilah (2223210004)
3. Lizi Nurul Isnaeni (2223210005)
4. Rika Novia (2223210006)

Findings:

1. Translator-Oriented Translation Research

A. International Reputable Journal
Translator-oriented translation criticism: The case of Roger Allen’s translation of Khan
Al-Khalili. (2021). Jordan Journal of Modern Languages and Literature, 13(3), 579–602.
https://doi.org/10.47012/jjmll.13.3.11
Abstract: Situated within translator studies, the present paper adopts Berman’s (1995)
translator-oriented approach to translation criticism to analyze the English translation of
Naguib Mahfouz’s Khan al-Khalili by Roger Allen. The paper analyzes two sets of data
related not only to the translated novel but also to the translator as a cultural agent. The
first set includes a collection of paratexts produced by Allen, including articles,
interviews, introductions, and afterwords. The second set of data includes the Arabic and
English versions of Khan al-Khalili. The paratextual data was analyzed to reveal Allen's
translating position, horizon, and project, while the second set was analyzed to reveal the
extent to which Allen's project is aligned with his translation of Khan al-Khalili. The
result of the analysis revealed that Allen’s project is aligned with his translation, which
produced a foreignized version of the novel that introduces the reader to Arab culture.

Keywords: Translation Criticism, Translator Studies, Roger Allen, Arabic Literature in

Translation, Naguib Mahfouz
B. International Journal
Притиченко, Г., & Ільченко, Т. (2022). PROFESSIONALLY ORIENTED
TRANSLATION AND THE ROLE OF A TRANSLATOR IN CRIMINAL
PROCEEDINGS. Molodij Včenij, 11 (111), 45–48. https://doi.org/10.32839/2304-
5809/2022-11-111-10
 Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of modern English criminal law
terminology and the ways in which it is conveyed in the process of translation. The
problem of legal translation from a language for specific purposes (LSP) has become
relevant today in light of the increasing pace of globalization. Unfortunately, there is
currently no comprehensive research in Ukraine devoted to the comparison of criminal
law terminology in the languages of the country. different languages and the role of
interpreters in legal proceedings. This article presents an overview of criminal legal
terminology, factors influencing its formation, research in the field of its use, with the
aim of highlighting the role of interpreters. Over the past few decades, the approach to
translation analysis have changed and many modern concepts in the field of translation
have emerged which require linguists and translators to be aware of new trends in the
field of translation. This question is particularly relevant among linguists and translators,
due to the fact that the requirements of the modern world should be met by experts and
specialists who are knowledgeable in two languages, to be more precise: in the input
language (native language) and the Ukrainian language, which requires the adaptation
and comparison of the linguistic units of of the above-mentioned languages. Translation
of criminal law terminology can only be performed by experts who are perfectly oriented
in this field and have up-to-date translation methods. The role of forensic terminology in
modern society is quite significant. Forensic science develops, new phenomena arise, and
thus the terminology, reinterpretation and transformation of already existing units occur.
The interpreter is one of the participants in the criminal justice process. With the help of
an interpreter, the right is guaranteed to use the mother tongue for those participants who
do not know the language of the country at all, or do not know it. In this article, we will
consider the main difficulties that translators have that translators have to face when
working with texts of a criminal-procedural nature, with forensic and legal terminology.
Keywords: Criminal Law Terminology, Criminal Proceedings, Legal Translation,
Translator, Comparative, Terminology, Adaptation, Transcription, Transliteration,
Transliteration, Calque Translation, Descriptive Translation.

C. National Accredited Journal

 Dewi, H. D. (2019). Translation competences for Indonesian novice translators. Journal
of Language and Literature, 19(1), 114–122. https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.v19i1.1817
Abstract: Translation competence is a concept that everyone who would like to become
a translator should know and understand. Moreover, novice translators or translation
students need to achieve all translation competences if they desire to become professional
translators. Thus, they must be taught about these translation competences. This paper is
the result of a conceptual study, not an empirical one. It explores the literature on
translation competences from Translation Studies scholars and adapts them for
Indonesian novice translators to learn and achieve. This paper provides explanation,
examples, and recommendations for translation students to accomplish translation
competences. From the study, 13 translation competences are acquired and those are
considered the most suitable with the recent situation of the translation industry in
Indonesia. The number of these competences is a not a fixed one as it may decrease or
increase in the future following the trends in the translation world.
Keywords: translation competences, professional translators, novice translators,
translation students
D. National Journal
Translation Technology for Student Translators: A Study on Perceptions. (2019).
JETAFL (Journal of English Teaching as a Foreign Language), 5(1).

Abstract: The aim of this research is to discover the perceptions of student translators on
translation technology. This topic was chosen because translation technology can be
considered as a novelty for student translators, and they have just learnt about translation
technology in Computer-Assisted Translation class in the previous semester. The
researcher, therefore, is interested in investigating how the student translators perceive
translation technology in general. To acquire the data, the researcher conducted focus
group discussions towards three 8th semester students of English Language and Culture
Department. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The findings
show that the student translators have positive perceptions on translation technology. This
can be seen from how the student translators frequently used translation technology and
how they believed translation technology is beneficial to use despite its shortcomings.
Keywords: Perception, student translators, translation technology
2. Product-Oriented Translation Research
A. International Reputable Journal
Kairouz, P., McMahan, H. B., Avent, B., Bellet, A., Bennis, M., Bhagoji, A. N., ... &
Zhao, S. (2021). Advances and open problems in federated learning. Foundations and
Trends in Machine Learning, 14(1–2), 1-210.

Abstract: Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning setting where many clients (e.g.,
mobile devices or whole organizations) collaboratively train a model under the
orchestration of a central server (e.g., service provider), while keeping the training data
decentralized. FL embodies the principles of focused data collection and minimization,
and can mitigate many of the systemic privacy risks and costs resulting from traditional,
centralized machine learning and data science approaches. Motivated by the explosive
growth in FL research, this monograph discusses recent advances and presents an
extensive collection of open problems and challenges.

B. International Journal
Veryzer, R. W., & Borja de Mozota, B. (2005). The impact of user‐oriented design on
new product development: An examination of fundamental relationships. Journal of
product innovation management, 22(2), 128-143.

Abstract: Design offers a potent way to position and to differentiate products and can
play a significant role in their success. In many ways it is the focus on deep
understanding of the customer or user—what may be termed user-oriented design (UOD)
—that transforms a bundle of technology with the ability to provide functionality into a
“product” that people desire to interact with and from which they derive benefits. Even
though the importance of this type of design is gaining recognition, several fundamental
relationships between user-oriented design contributions and the new product
development (NPD) process and outcomes (i.e., product) remain unresearched, although
they are assumed. This article examines the fundamental relationships underlying the
incorporation of a user orientation into the NPD process. The discussion is organized
around UOD's impact in terms of enhancing collaborative new product development
(process oriented), improving idea generation (process oriented), producing superior
 product or service solutions (product oriented), and facilitating product appropriateness
and adoption (product oriented). Each of these is developed and presented in the form of
a research proposition relating to the impact of user-oriented design on product
development. The fundamental relationships articulated concerning UOD's impact on
NPD form a conceptual framework for this approach to product design and development.

C. National Accredited Journal

Usman, O., & Kusumaningsih, A. (2021). The Effect of Motivation, Emotional
Intelligence, and Learning Environment on Student Learning Achievement (Case Study
Student of Office Administration Education). Emotional Intelligence, and Learning
Environment on Student Learning Achievement (Case Study Student of Office
Administration Education)(December 30, 2021).
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of learning motivation, emotional intelligence,
and learning environment on student achievement. The population in this study is Office
Administration Education Students 2019. The type of research used is the quantitative
method by distributing questionnaires and quantitative methods. The study results
indicate a positive and significant influence between learning motivation and learning
achievement. Then, there is an influence between motivation, emotional intelligence, and
learning environment on learning achievement.
D. National Journal
Lu, X., Van Roy, B., Dwaracherla, V., Ibrahimi, M., Osband, I., & Wen, Z. (2023).
Reinforcement learning, bit by bit. Foundations and Trends® in Machine Learning,
16(6), 733-865.

Abstract: Reinforcement learning agents have demonstrated remarkable achievements in

simulated environments. Data efficiency poses an impediment to carrying this success
over to real environments. The design of data-efficient agents calls for a deeper
understanding of information acquisition and representation. We discuss concepts and
regret analysis that together offer principled guidance. This line of thinking sheds light on
questions of what information to seek, how to seek that information, and what
 information to retain. To illustrate concepts, we design simple agents that build on them
and present computational results that highlight data efficiency.

3. Function-Oriented Translation Research

A. International Reputable Journal
Teboho, M., & Tankiso, M. M. (2023). The Impact of Explicitation and Implicitation in
English-Sesotho Translation Texts of Selected Financial Institutions in Lesotho. Open
Journal of Modern Linguistics, 13(4), 496-514.
Abstract: Translators normally sort to various strategies which among others include
explicitation and implicitation when trying to solve translation challenges they encounter
when translating texts. However, sometimes use of these strategies has impact on both
the Source Language and Target Language groups. The central point of this paper is to
examine the impact of the types of explicitation and implicitation present in the selected
informative texts of Lesotho PostBank (LPB) brochures and Standard Lesotho Bank
(SLB) Short Message/Messaging Service (SMSes), both on the source and target
audience. The paper adopts Skopos theory and Pragmatic approach which both consider
communication as a purposeful action, as its analytical tools. The study uses qualitative
comparative research method. Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT) comparison of the
collected data was made and the appropriateness of the TT was judged against the textual
content of the ST using mainly the function-oriented approach. The study revealed that
these strategies have minimal and significant impact on both audiences. It also
established that the strategies cause an imbalance between these audiences as one group
was offered more information than the other. This may not only affect the audience, but
the banks may also be affected since the deprived group may not behave as expected. The
use of these strategies may sometimes tarnish the image of the banks. The study
recommends that translators who deal with brochures for banks should ensure that both
texts convey similar message, and that translators should have regular training
workshops.
B. International Journal
KÜLÜNK, S. Ü. (2023). THE QUEST FOR EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION: A
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEFINITIONS AND APPROACHES. Uluslararası
Toplumsal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(3), 427-438.
Abstract: The concept of equivalence in Translation Studies has been a subject of
extensive debate due to varying definitions and interpretations. Scholars propose different
understandings of equivalence based on their individual perspectives on translation. This
paper explores the historical context of equivalence and its impact on the development of
Translation Studies. Despite its fluctuating prominence, equivalence remains a
fundamental aspect of the discipline. The definitions provided by Eugene Nida, Katharina
Reiss, Hans J. Vermeer, Gideon Toury, and Theo Hermans are analyzed to delve into the
multifaceted nature of equivalence in translation. These different perspectives highlight
the diverse conceptualizations and applications of equivalence. Nida takes a response-
oriented approach, considering the reader and contextual reception of the translation.
Reiss emphasizes a function-oriented approach, determining equivalence based on the
text's function. Vermeer reduces the concept to special cases, while Toury argues that
equivalence is always present. Hermans examines equivalence from a marginal
viewpoint, focusing on cases of full equivalence. The paper concludes that although
equivalence may not fully capture the complexities of translation, it serves as a valuable
descriptive tool in comparing target and source texts and an awareness of these changes is
crucial to appreciate the diversity inherent in the translational act.
C. National Accredited Journal
Yesi, Y., Juniardi, Y., & Baihaqi, A. (2021). Translation of Indonesian Cultural Terms in
Rainbow Troops Novel: Investigating Translation Procedures. Journal of English
Language Teaching and Cultural Studies, 4(1), 22-33.
Abstract: This study is to identify the Indonesian Cultural Terms (ICTs) in Rainbow
Troops as the English translated novel by Angie Kilbane from Laskar Pelangi original
Indonesian novel by Andrea Hirata and to analyze the translation procedures of ICTs. A
qualitative approach is applied in this research by using the content analysis. The result
shows that there are five categories of cultural terms such as ecology; material culture;
 social culture; organizations/customs/ideas/activities/procedures/ concepts, and; gestures
and habits. Thev highest percentage of ICT’s is 28.13% which is categorized into
organizations, customs, ideas, activities, procedures, concepts. It is a novel with an
educational background because it illustrates a lot of activities of teachers and students at
school. The translation procedure mostly uses borrowing with 54.17% which proves
some vocabulary deficiencies in translated novel since the translator could not find the
equivalent cultural terms from the original novel.
D. National Journal
Ameen, J. A. M., & Sherwani, K. A. (2023). Semantic Challenges of Business
Translation with Reference to English and Arabic: A Product-Oriented
Approach. journal of Language Studies, 6(3, 2), 1-13.
Abstract: This study aims to investigate the various types of challenges and limitations
at semantic levels that translators face in the business and economic translation products
of tenders and bids from English into Arabic. To achieve the objectives of the study, a
sample of four tenders of business documents was collected from a variety of national
and international non-governmental organizations such as the bilingual specialized texts
that were published between 2019 and 2020 in Iraq, specifically in Erbil, Kurdistan
Region. The study relies on Holmes’ map (1988) of descriptive translation studies,
developed by Toury (1995). To answer the research questions: how does a translator deal
with specialised terminologies and expressions in translating business tenders and bids
and what effect and role dosemantic changes play in business and economic translation
products? The study employs the analytical-descriptive translation methodology in
analysing business texts. The analysis of business and economic texts has revealed that
inaccurate synonyms at the semantic level, such as using different synonyms and
translating semantic collocations, appear more frequently than other issues in translating
business texts in the target language. The findings of the study have indicated that
business and economic terms may have more than one accurate and faithful translation.
Nevertheless, one translation can be appropriate and accurate. The study has concluded
that cultural phenomena rarely appear in business and economic tenders and bids in
comparison with other areas of economic and business texts, e.g., metaphors and idioms
in general business texts.
4. Process-Oriented Translation Research
A. International Reputable Journal
Lee-Jahnke, H. (2005). New Cognitive Approaches in Process-Oriented Translation
Training. Meta (Journal des traducteurs Translators' Journal), 50(2), 359–377.
Abstract: After a brief description of the state of the art, this paper presents new methods
of process-oriented translation training. The different instruments used in class, such as
questionnaires and other tools, the learning outcome of these methods and the
improvement of proficiency achieved by these means, constitute the core of the paper.
The third and final part deals with the preliminary results of an interdisciplinary research
project with the Department of Neurology of the University Hospital of Geneva, and the
prospects for applying this type of research to translation training.
B. International Journal
Forza, C. (2002). SURVEYS Survey research in operations management: a process-based
perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Vol. 22 No.
2, 2002, pp. 152-194.
Abstract: This paper provides guidelines for the design and execution of survey research
in operations management (OM). The specific requirements of survey research aimed at
gathering and analysing data for theory testing are contrasted with other types of survey
research. The focus is motivated by the need to tackle the various issues which arise in
the process of survey research. The paper does not intend to be exhaustive: its aim is to
guide the researcher, presenting a systematic picture which synthesises suitable survey
practices for research in an OM context. The fundamental aim is to contribute to an
increase in the quality of OM research and, as a consequence, to the status of the OM
discipline among the scientific community.
C. National Accredited Journal
Sinulingga, A.W.K., Sofyan, R., Mono, U. (2023). Time management and translation
method in translating a scientific article: A case study on a professional translator.
JOALL (Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literature), 8(1), 213-226.
Abstract: As an activity of transferring a message from a source text to a target text,
translation certainly involves several processes. Different processes require certain
 amount of time allocation depending on the translator’s cognitive load. Studying
translation process is essential to reveal what actually happened while a translator was
doing his/her tasks, contributing to a better translation product. This study aimed at
finding out the time management and the translation method in translating a scientific
article by a professional translator. The scientific article is composed of more than five
thousand words; thus, the researcher reduced the limit of the words to one thousand
words to avoid the technical problems. This qualitative study used a case study as the
research method. The participant of this research was a professional translator from the
Association of Indonesian Translator (HPI). The data were collected using a keyboard
logging program (Translog-II) and a screen recording tool (OBS Studio). Based on the
data analysis it was found that the professional translator (i) distributed more time in the
drafting stage; and (ii) applied the linear and inline methods during the translation
process. It was found that the professional translator focused translating on word by
word, phrase by phrase, and paragraph by paragraph. It is concluded that the activities in
each stage of translation process contributes to the result of translation.
D. National Journal
Deng, L. (2020). The Process-oriented Assessment Model of Business English
Translation Course in a Flipped Learning Context. Higher Education Studies; Vol. 10,
No. 4; 2020.
Abstract: Based on the preliminary research findings in the project-based flipped
learning model in Business English Translation course, this study designed a process-
oriented assessment model for this course and tested its efficacy by an empirical study on
181 third-year English major students divided into three experimental class and three
control class under a flipped learning context. The process-oriented assessment model in
Business English Translation course is both synchronic and diachronic, by incorporating
multiple assessment subjects including both the teacher and the students and the complete
learning activities before, during and after class. This study conducted a pre-test and an
after-test to examine the students’ command of key translation knowledge and skills, and
meanwhile, to evaluate the improvement of students’ translation competence after the
implementation of the process-oriented assessment mode. Questionnaires and surveys
were also employed in this study so as to collected students’ response to the new
assessment model. The data and results collected from the above-mentioned research
methods indicate that the process-oriented assessment model can significantly enhance
students’ motivation and performance in Business English Translation course.