COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
MODULE – 2
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS.
Students will be able to:
• Write IUPAC names of compounds
• Write formulas from IUPAC names
IUPAC–International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZ5boRMoTQc
IUPAC NOMENCLATURE OF COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
RULES:
• The cation is named first, followed by anions irrespective of whether the
coordination entity is negative or positively charged.
• Inside the coordination entity ,ligands are named in alphabetic order before
the name of central atom/ion.
• Names of Anionic ligands – will end in ‘o’
Names of certain Neutral ligands are given below:
• H2O – aqua
• NH3 – ammine
• CO – Carbonyl
• NO – Nitrosyl
Note: The ligands are enclosed in ( )
• To indicate number of individual ligands ,prefixes mono, di, tri, etc are used.
If the name of the ligand already includes a numerical prefix like
ethylenediamine ,then, prefixes like bis, tris, terakis etc are used for 2, 3, 4 etc.
• Oxidation state of metal in coordination entity is indicated by Roman numeral
in parenthesis.
• If the complex ion is a cation – the central metal is named same as the
element.
e.g. Co in ICo(NH3)6]3+ is named as Cobalt.
• If the complex ion is an anion, the name of the metal ends with suffix-ate.
e.g. Co in [CO(SCN) 4]2- is named as cobaltate.
• For some metals, the Latin name are used in complex anions.E,g. ferrate for Fe.
• If the complex entity is neutral molecule, the name of the central metal atom
ends with the name of the metal.
e.g. [Ni(CO)4] is named as, tetracarbonylnickel(0).
ILLUSTRATIONS:
1) Write the IUPAC name of the compound [Cr(NH3)3(H2O)3]Cl3.
• The complex ion is the cation, so it will be named first.
• The ligand ammine will be named before aqua, in alphabetic order.
• The oxidation state of Cr is +3.
So, the name of the complex is,
Triamminetriaquachromium(III) chloride.
2) Write the IUPAC name of the compound, K4[Ni(CN)4].
• The cation is potassium here, so it will be named first.
• The coordination entity is negatively charged.
• The oxidation state of Ni is 0
• The name of the metal ion will end with ate, as it is an anion.
So, the name of the compound is, Potassium tetracyanatonickelate(0).
WRITING FORMULAS OF MONONUCLEAR COORDINATION ENTITIES:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeNtqjE0dJw
1) The Central atom is listed first.
2) The ligands are listed then in alphabetic order (and not according to their
charge).
3) Polydentate ligands are also listed alphabetically.
In case of abbreviated ligand, the first letter of the abbreviation is used for
considering alphabetic order.
4) The entire coordination entity (whether charged or not charged), is enclosed
in square brackets.
When ligands are polyatomic, their formulas are enclosed in parenthesis.
Ligand abbreviations are also enclosed in parenthesis.
5) There should be no space between the ligands and metal within a
coordination sphere.
6) When the formulas of a charged coordination entity is to be written without
that of the counter ion, then the charge is written outside the square brackets
as a right superscript with the number before the sign.
For e.g. [Co(CN) 6]3- or [Cr(H2O)6]3+
7) The charge of the cations is balanced by the charge of the anions.
ILLUSTRATIONS:
1) Write the chemical formula of the compound,
potassiumpentacyanonytrosylcobaltate(III)
• The central atom is Cobalt or Co.
• The ligands are cyano and nitrosyl. Cyano comes before nitrosyl in
alphabetic order, so will be written first.
• CN- has 1 unit of negative charge and NO is neutral. The oxidation state of
Co is +3. So, the charge of the complex ion, if ‘y’ is calculated as:
+3 + 5x (-1) + 1 x 0 = y
Or, y = -2.
• So, to balance -2 units of charge on the complex ion, there will be 2 K + ions
used.
• So, the formula of the compound is , K 2[Co(CN)5NO]
2) Write the chemical formula of the compound, Hexaaquairon(II) sulphate
• The central atom is Fe.
• There are 6 of H2O present as ligands .and the counter ion is SO42-,
• The charge inside the coordination entity +2 which is balanced by one
sulphate ion as counter ion.
• So, the compound is [Fe(H2O)6]SO4
3) Write the chemical formulae of the complex ion,
tetraamminedichlorocobalt(III) ion.
• The central atom is Co.
• The ligands are, 2 of Cl- and 4 of NH3. The NH3 is a neutral ligand .
• The oxidation state of Cobalt is +3.
• So, the charge on the complex ion if ‘y’ is calculated as
2 x (-1) + 4 x 0 + 3 = y
So, y = +1.
• So, the complex ion is written as : [Co(NH3)4(Cl)2]+1
SOLVED QUESTIONS:
1.) Write the names of the following complex entities using IUPAC conventions :
i) [Co(NH3)4Cl(NO2)]NO3
ii) K4[Fe(CN)6]
iii) [Co Cl2 (en)2] Cl
iv) [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
v) [Cr(H2O)4Cl2]NO3
Ans: i) Tetraamminechloridonitrocobalt(III) nitrate.
ii) Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II)
iii) Dichloridobis(ethane 1,2 –diamine) cobalt (III) chloride.
iv) Hexaamminenickel(II) chloride.
v) Tetraaquadichloridochromium(III) nitrate
2) Write the formula of the following complex entities:
i) Potassiumtetrahydroxozincate(II)
ii) Hexaamminechromium(III)ion.
iii) Tetraaquadioxalatoiron(II) sulphate
iv) Diamminedichlorido(ethane-1,2-diammine)chromium(III)chloride
v) dDamminedichloridoplatinum(II)
Ans: i) K2[Zn(OH)4]
ii) [Cr(NH3)6]3+
iii) [Fe(H2O)4(C2O4)2]SO4
iv) [Cr(NH3)2Cl2(en)]Cl
v) [Pt(NH3)Cl2]
ASSIGNMENT:
1) Write the names of the following coordination entities :
i) K[Pt(NH3)Cl3]
ii) K3[Fe(CN)6]
iii) {Ni(CO)4]
iv) [Co(NH3)5NO2]Cl2
v) [Mn(H2O)6]SO4
2) Write the formulas of the following :
i) Tetracyanonickelate(II)ion.
ii) Tris(ethane-1,2-diammine)cobalt(III)chloride
iii) Pottassiumtrioxalatoaluminium(III)
iv) Sodium(ethylene diamine) tetraacetatochromate(II)
v) Chlorodiammineplatinum(II) ion.
3) NCERT Exercise :9.6 , 9.7
For Your Reference:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CZ5boRMoTQc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yeNtqjE0dJw
