L11 STRUCTURE EXERCISES 2

1. The echo of the sounds against the walls …………. a person determine the size of the
cave
A. helps B. help C. helping D. to help
2. Schooling , on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern
…………. little from one setting to the next
A. vary B. varied C. varies D. is varied
3. Scientists have already observed shifts in the lifecycles of many plants and animals,
such as flowers blooming earlier and birds …………. earlier in the spring
A. hatching B. hatch C. hatched D. hatches
4. Species living in unique ecosystems, such as those found in polar and mountaintop
regions, ……… especially at risk because migration to new habitats is not possible
A. being B. are D. were D. have
5. Some species and even entire ecosystems, such as certain types of forest, ……… adjust
quickly enough and may disappear.
A. which aren’t able to B. not be able to
C. may not be able to D. isn’t able to
6. Also, increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere ………. the ocean and increases the
acidity of ocean waters.
A. enters B. enter C. entering D. entered
7. These countries produce large quantities of food through mechanized farming, ……….
on commercial fertilizers, large-scale irrigation, and agricultural machinery.
A. which depend B. which depending
C. which depends D. depend
8. A large majority of the people of Bangladesh …….. in low-productivity manual
farming, which contributes to the country’s extremely high level of poverty
A. engage B. engages C. engaged D. engaging
9. Plums for making prunes, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins and
currants ………. in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly
and remove their wax coating, so increasing the rate of drying.
A. is dipped B. dipped C. dipping D. are dipped
10. Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs ……….. by pouring them over a
heated horizontal steel cylinder or by spraying them into a chamber through which a
current of hot air passes
A. are dried B. is dried D. dried D. have dried
11. Considered unique and exotic, ________.
A. over 4,000 American households keep the llama as a pet
B. there are over 4,000 American households that keep the llama as a pet
C. the llama is kept as a pet in over 4,000 American households
D. the llama kept as a pet in over 4,000 American households
12. ________ Java Man, who lived before the first Ice Age,is the first manlike animal.
A. It is generally believed that B. Generally believed it is
C. Believed generally is D. That it is generally believed
13. If one of the participants in a conversation wonders ______, no real communication
has taken place.
A. what said the other person B. what the other person said
C. what did the other person say D. what was the other person say
14. The University of Georgia, ____ in 1785, was the first state supported university in
the United States.
A. chartered B. was chartered
C. it was chartered D. to be chartered
15. Because the saxophone is an excellent solo instrument, ___ in some important
orchestral works.
A. it is featured B. while featured
C. if featured D. feature it
16. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in America, ________ in 1607.
A. it was founded B. colonists arrived
C. was established D. founded
17. The volume of Hawaii's Mauna Loa is fifty times ________ Mount Everest.
A. of B. more of C. that of D. than of
18. Many books __, but one of the best is "How to Win Friends and Influence People" by
Dale Carnegie.
A. have written about success B. written about success
C. have been written about success D. about successful
19. "The Good Earth", ________, is a novel set in China.
A. which by Pearl Buck B. which was written by Pearl Buck
C. was written by Pearl Buck D. Pearl Buck being the one who wrote it
20. Not only knowledge and skills, but also attitudes ________ in school for students'
future adjustment to society.
A. when cultivated B. cultivated
C. which need to be cultivated D. need to be cultivated
21. ___ heat from the sun is trapped near the earth's surface, the greenhouse effect occurs.
A. Not B. When C. That D. What
22. ________ he began to make friends more easily.
A. Having entered school in the new city, it was found that,
B. After entering the new school,
C. When he had been entering the new school,
D. Upon entering into the new school,
23. ________ trees is a custom that many people engage in to celebrate Arbor Day.
A. The plant B. Plant C. Planting D. To planting
24. A number of modern sculptors have rejected ___ of minimal and environmental art
and developed a style of extreme realism.
A. which abstract qualities B. there are abstract qualities
C. the abstract qualities D. the qualities are abstract
25. ___ choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid
pace of city life.
A. So large numbers of people to B. There are large numbers of people
C. Large numbers of people D. Large numbers of people who
26. ___state of Wyoming is also known as the “Equality State” because Wyoming women
were the first in the nation to vote.
A. The B. There is a C. That the D. As the
27. Drivers should look very carefully ________ onto the main street.
A. when turning B. they turn C. turn D. when they turning
28. Agronomists work to improve the quality of crops, increase the yield of fields, and
_____ of the soil.
A. the quality is maintained B. maintain the quality
C. the maintenance of the quality D. maintaining the quality
29. The teachers have had some problems deciding ________.
A. when to the students they shall return the final papers
B. when they are going to return to the students the final papers
C. when they should return the final papers to the students
D. the time when the final papers they should return for the students
30. ___ stereophonic phonograph records, two recordings are made of the same musical
performance
A. Creates B. Created C. The creating of D. To create
31. The replacement of shops such as the groceries’ and chemist’s by cafes_____ the
housewives with insufficient facilities for shopping.
A. leave B. have left C. has left D. to have left
32. ___ red clover, high in protein content, is an extremely important leguminous hay and
pasture plant of the eastern United States.
A. The B. There is the C. It is the D. That the
33. Unlike most Europeans, many Americans __ bacon and eggs for breakfast every day.
A. used to eating B. are used to eat
C. are used to eating D. used to eat
34. The year 1732 saw the first appearance of Poor Richard's Almanac, ________
Benjamin Franklin created the character of Poor Richard.
A. there B. in which C. in it D. which in
35. ________, the jaguar used to roam freely in the southwestern United States.
A. It is now found only in Central and South America
B. Now finding in Central and South America
C. To be found in Central and South America
D. Now found only in Central and South America
36. Florida has not yet ratified the Equal Rights Amendment, and ________.
A. several other states hasn't either B. neither has some others states
C. some other states also have not either D. neither have several other states
37. A dolphin ________ a porpoise in that it has a longer nose.
A. different B. differs C. different than D. differs from
38. So far there is no vaccine ________ in sight for the common cold.
A. or curing B. has cured C. or cure D. having cured
39. The spectators were sitting quietly in the stand ________ had just been completed.
A. who B. it C. which it D. which
40. Lunar eclipses occur each time the Earth blocks the Sun’s light from the Moon ___ the
Moon’s full phase.
A. during B. whether C. in which D. whenever
41. _____ commonly chosen as the first step to a career in public office.
A. Why legal training is B. Legal training is
C. Legal training that is D. It is legal training
42. A good team ________ of both recruiting and coaching as well as performing.
A. are a result B. it is a result C. resulting D. result it
43. In xerox printing, the ink becomes fused to the paper as soon as ________.
A. the paper heated B. the paper is heated
C. heats the paper D. heating the paper
44. ________ when a person doesn't eat enough fruit and vegetables.
A. Depleting gradually, potassium can occur
B. Gradual potassium depletion can occur
C. Since potassium can gradually be depleted
D. Since gradually depleting potassium can occur
45. Iron ________ for weapons and tools in the Bronze Age following the Stone Age.
A. is generally used B. generally used
C. was generally used D. used generally
46. Anxiety about uncontrollable situations is thought to cause ________.
A. to fitfully sleep B. fitful sleep C. fitful in sleep D. sleep fitfully
47. ________ as the most important crop in Hawaii is sugar cane.
A. It ranks B. It is ranked C. What ranks D. The rank
48. ___ in 1635, the Boston Latin School is the oldest public school in the United States.
A. Founded B. Founding C. To found D. Having founded
49. ________ up to seven months.
A. Lasting New England winters
B. New England winters can last
C. Because a New England winter can last
D. The length of a New England winter
50. ________ extensively by persons who cannot speak or hear, American Sign Language
ranks as the fourth most widely used language in the U.S. today.
A. Relied on B. It is relied on C. Relying on it D. To rely on it