MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING PRACTICE
ECM433
OPEN-ENDED LAB
SEMESTER 2 (MAC - OGOS 2025)
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : DETERMINATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
ILLUMINATION TO THE HEIGHT AND DISTANCE
DATE OF EXPERIMENT : 30/4/2025
GROUP : CEEC2222A1B (GROUP 4)
GROUP MEMBERS 1.IRFAN BADRI BIN NOORJASMIN (2024298404)
2.LUQMANUL HAQIM BIN ZAIDI(2024442946)
3.MOHAMAD AMJAD SYAKIRIN BIN MOHD SUKIMI
(2024208682)
4.MUHAMMAD AMIRUL HISYAM BIN ABD KARIM
(2024681482)
5.SYLVERR MYERR SYLVESTER (2023217894)
LECTURER : IR. ASSRUL REEDZA BIN ZULKIFLI
LEVEL OF OPENNESS : 1
MARKS COMMENTS
INTRODUCTION
BASIC CONCEPTS
METHODOLOGY
RESULTS&ANALYSIS 1 2 3 4 5
DISCUSSION 1 2 3 4 5
CONCLUSION 1 2 3 4 5
ORGANIZATION 1 2 3 4 5
TOTAL MARKS
INTRODUCTION
In Illumination design, many factors could be considered such as lamp power, lamp output,
color of wall, ceiling as well as distance and height of the lamp.
In this experiment students have to determine the relationship between illumination to the
height and distance of the lamps.
Students are required to find the ways & means and provide the answers to the given
assignment using the group creativity and innovativeness. The activity will enable the
students to appreciate independent learning and prepare them for a much harder task of
open-ended laboratory activities.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between illumination to the distance and height of the lamps.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:
1. Identify the right tool to carry illumination measurement.
2. Analyze how illumination varies according to distance and height.
3. Work in a group to undertake the task and produce the relevant technical report.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
The first purpose of lighting is to illuminate. Both natural daylight and artificial lighting at
night should be designed to provide a comfortable level of illumination for viewing without
causing eye strain or fatigue. Lighting design involves not only determining the amount of
light required within a space. It is also concerned with the location pattern of the light sources
(windows and light fixtures), the distribution and diffusion of light, and the reflectance of this
light off the room's surfaces and objects within it. The illumination can be measured by using
Lux Meter as shown in Figure 1.0. Different lighting sources give different intensity of
illumination.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
Some problems usually occurred to optimize the use of natural light and minimize the
artificial light indoors. The problem includes the use of the concept of 'open plan,' the
capability of fluorescent lamps to produce similar luminance with the natural lighting and
lack of understanding from the point of view of architects and engineers to the problem of
energy saving in the building.
Each group is required to calculate the total lumen required to light the whole lab located in
Makmal Kejuruteraan Awam, UiTM (UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA) Shah Alam.
APPARATUS
1. Digital Lux Meter
2. Measuring Tape
PROCEDURE
1. The length and width of the room were taken by using the measuring tape.
2. A place of lamp was chosen and the light surrounding the place was switched off to
avoid inaccurate reading.
3. A set of intervals was decided
4. The measuring tape was placed perpendicularly to the lamp to determine the height
interval.
5. The power button of the digital lux meter was turned on and was set on x1.
6. The sensor of the digital lux meter was placed at the first chosen interval from the
lamp where lights were emitted
7. The luminous flux reading was recorded.
8. Step 6 until 7 were repeated with different intervals of high from lamp to digital lux
meter
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
RESULTS
● CU = 3.5
● MF = old lumen / new lumen
● New lumen = 2600 lm, 36 W, 72 lm/s
● Old lumen = find from I average
● Length of room = 12.9 m
● Width of room = 16.1 m
● Area = L x W = 207.69 m2
Distance (m) Illuminance,I (lm)
5 1745
6 1260
7 1067
Average = 1357.33
ANALYSIS
DISCUSSION
The Illumination Lab demonstrates foundational concepts in light behavior and measurement.
It emphasizes the importance of precise lighting in both practical and theoretical settings.
Understanding illumination helps in designing better visual environments, conserving energy,
and improving safety and comfort in human-centered spaces.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the notes on illumination provide a comprehensive overview of the principles,
calculations, and applications of lighting systems. Key points include defining important
terms like luminous intensity, flux, and illuminance, and explaining their respective units and
significance. Artificial lighting sources are categorized by technology, such as incandescent,
fluorescent, and LED lights, with a focus on their efficiency, lifespan, and applications. The
document also emphasizes critical factors in lighting design, including the effect of height,
maintenance factors, coefficients of utilization, and the cosine rule for directional lighting
calculations. Examples and formulas illustrate how to determine illuminance at different
distances and angles, as well as how to estimate the number of fittings required for a specific
illuminance level. Practical aspects like cost, controllability, heat production, and reliability
are addressed to guide lighting choices based on efficiency and environmental conditions.
Overall, the notes equip students to calculate and design effective lighting systems for diverse
applications, enhancing both theoretical understanding and practical skills in illumination
engineering
REFERENCE
Development of a webcam based lux meter. (2013, April 1). IEEE Conference Publication |
IEEE Xplore. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6612378/
Studou. (n.d.). LAB Report LUX Meter - OCT 2022 - FEB 2023 COURSE BUILDING
SERVICES LABORATORY COURSE CODE ECM 346 - Studocu
https://www.studocu.com/my/document/universiti-teknologi-mara/civil-engineering/lab-repor
t-lux-meter/54342113
Luminous. (2024). In Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/luminous
