TANKER OPERATIONS
In General Ships Carrying Chemicals In Bulk Are Classed Into Three Types:
1. Type 1 - Is A Chemical Tanker Intended To Transport Chapter 17 Of The IBC Code
Products With Very Severe Environmental And Safety Hazards Which Require
Maximum Preventive Measures To Preclude An Escape Of Such Cargo
2. Type 2 - Is A Chemical Tanker Intended To Transport Chapter 17 Of The IBC Code
Products With Appreciably Severe Environmental And Safety Hazards Which Require
Significant Preventive Measures To Preclude An Escape Of Such Cargo.
3. Type 3 - Is A Chemical Tanker Intended To Transport Chapter 17 Of The IBC Code
Products With Sufficiently Severe Environmental And Safety Hazards Which Require A
Moderate Degree Of Containment To Increase Survival Capability In A Damaged
Condition
How Will You Find Information About Dangerous Good In IMDG Code?
Volume 2:
Find The Dangerous Good By Alphabetical Name In Index At Last
Pages Or UN Number In Dangerous Good List
In Dangerous Goods List Information Is Given In 18 Columns Of A
UN Number
In Chapter 3.2 Definitions Of 18 Columns Are Written
Volume 1: For Interpretation Of Volume 2 UN Numbers Columns [2 To 14]
Supplement: For The Interpretation Of Volume 2 UN Number Columns [15]
FIXED DECK FOAM SYSTEMS: [TANKER’S - LOW EXPANSION]
1. Capable Of Delivering Foam To Entire Cargo Tank Deck As Well As Into A Cargo Tank
If The Is Ruptured
2. Control Station Outside And Away From Cargo Area And Readily Accessible, Simple
And Rapid Operation
3. Rate Of Foam Not Less Than 0.6 Litres/ M2/ Minute
4. Sufficient Supply Of Foam Concentrate To Produce Foam For At Least 20 Minutes [IG
System Fitted]
5. Foam Supplied Through Foam Monitors And Applicators. [1250 Litre/min]
6. Capacity Of Any Monitors At Least 3 Liter/m2/minute
7. Capacity Of Applicator Not Less Than 400 Litres/Minute And Throw Not Less Than 15
Metres
INERT GAS SYSTEMS: [CARGO TANK PROTECTION]
1. Maintaining O2 Content Less Than 8 % By Volume In Any Part Of Cargo Tank
2. Positive Pressure At All Times
3. Maintaining O2 Content Less Than 5 % In The Inert Gas Main
4. System Capable Of Delivering Inert Gas To Cargo Tanks At A Rate Of At Least 125 %
Of The Maximum Discharge Rate
HOW DOES INERT GAS SYSTEM WORK ONBOARD SHIP?
Open And Secure The Scrubber And Water Seal Overboard Discharge Valves
Start The Water Supply Systems To The Scrubber And Deck Seal At Least 15 Minutes
Before Commencing The Operation
Ensure That The Flue Gas Is Of A Suitable Quantity
Open The Flue Gas Isolating Valves
Open The Blower Suction And Delivery Valves
Start The Blowers
Ensure The Gas Regulating Valve Is Open And Open The Deck Main Isolating Valve
Open The Mast Riser To Allow Inert Gas To Vent To The Atmosphere In Case It Is Of
Poor Quality
Check All Monitors And When Satisfied Open The Branch Line Valves To Cargo Tanks
And Close The Mast Riser Valve
EQUIPMENT TO PREVENT OIL POLLUTION ON BOARD A TANKER
Oil Discharge Monitor Equipment [On Tankers]
Oily Water Separator
It Use To Separate Oil In Water And Prevents Discharge Oil On Tankers
GENERAL SAFETY MEASURES AGAINST OIL POLLUTION ACCIDENT
Working System And Preparation
Planning For Cargo Oil Operations
Pre-Safety Meeting
Effective Communication
FiFi Equipment
Promote Techniques Of Hazard Prediction Training
Preparation Of Watch Schedule
Have A Complete Meeting Beforehand With Terminal
Appropriate Check Lists [Cargo Oil Transfer, Ship/Shore Safety Checklist]
Pre Arrival Checks
Check Operational Conditions And Training Of Crew
ACTIONS TO BE TAKEN WHILE LOADING A TANKER AND AN OVERFLOW OCCURS
1. Raise Alarm
2. Stop All The Cargo Operation And Close Appropriates Valves
3. Report To Captain And Chief Officer
4. Try To Retain Oil Onboard By Listing Or Trimming The Ship
5. Re-Check All Scupper Plugs Are In Position
6. Prevent Fire And Explosion By Stopping Air Intake Into Accommodation And ER
7. Release Pressure Of Overflow Tank By Transferring Oil To Other Tank
8. Consult SOPEP
9. Contain Oil In Collecting Drums By Air-Driven Pump
10. Make Sure No Smoking And Naked Light Are Used
11. Close All Access Doors And Shut Down Vent System
12. Make Ready All Fire Precaution Measures [Fire Hoses]
CRUDE OIL WASHING
When Oil Cargo Is Sprayed With Pressure On Tank Walls And Surfaces, The Sediments
Sticking To The Tank Dissolves And Converts Into Useful Cargo Which Can Be Pumped
Out To The Shore Tanks. This System Virtually Eliminates The Requirement Of Slop Tanks
On Ships And Almost All Cargo Can Be Transferred To The Shore.
ADVANTAGES OVER WATER WASHING
1. Reduced Risk Of Pollution
2. Reduction In Time Of Passage Tank Cleaning
3. Reduction In The Cost Of Tank Cleaning [Both Routine And For Dry Dock]
4. Reduction In De-Sludging Costs
5. Reduction Of Salt Water Discharged To The Refinery
6. Reduced Corrosion As Less Salt Water Is Introduced Into The Tanks During Washing
7. Increases The Time Available For Maintenance
8. Increased Carrying Capacity [Less Slops Carried]
9. Increased Discharge Rates On Overall Stripping Time
10. Increased In The Refinable Material Discharged
Stop The Cow Operation Immediately If You Sense Any Kind Of Trouble Such As Failure Of Ig
System Or Increase Of O2 Content And Drop In The Pressure Of The Cargo Tank.
OIL RECORD BOOK
Record The Loading, Discharging And Voyage Transfers Of Oil Cargo, Cleaning And
Ballasting Of Cargo Tanks, Discharge Of Dirty Ballast And Water From Slop Tank,
Discharge Of Oily Bilge Water From Machinery Spaces And The Pump Room Whether In
Port Or At Sea, And The Disposal Of Oil Residues.
ENCLOSE SPACE ENTRY PRECAUTION
1. Adequate Ventilation And Illumination
2. Atmosphere Tested And Found Safe
3. Space Secured For Entry
4. BA Sets Available At Entry
5. Responsible Person Available At All Times At Entry Point
6. Line Of Communication - Person Entering, Stand By Position And Bridge
7. PPE Must Be Worn
8. Testing Equipment Available For Regular Checks
O2 Analyzer- Oxygen Deficiency
Tankscope - Measures Oxygen In Inert Atmosphere
Explosimeter - HC Vapour And Explosive Limit
Dragger Tubes - Measures Oxygen If Correct Tube Fitted
SLOP TANK
Small Tanks Built At The After End Of Cargo Tanks To Receive The Residue From
Cargo Tanks As A Result Of Tank Washing Operations With Water.
Minimum Capacity Of Slop Tanks = 3% Of Total Cargo Carrying Capacity
They Are Served By Same Piping System As The Cargo Tanks, These Tanks Can Intend
To Carry Cargo
Heating Coils Are Fitted In Them To Separate Oil From Water
MANIFOLD: The Points Usually Near Midship On Either Side Of Vessel Where Ships Pipe Lines
Connected To Shore Pipelines
FLASH POINT: The Lowest Temperature At Which A Liquid Gives Off Sufficient Gas To Form
A Flammable Gas Mixture Near The Surface Of Liquid Which Is Ready To Catch Fire.
FLAMMABLE RANGE: The Range Of Hydrocarbon Gas Concentrations In Air Between The
Lower And Upper Flammable Limits. Mixtures Within This Range Are Capable Of Being
Ignited And Of Burning.
LOWER FLAMMABLE LIMIT: The Concentration Of A Hydrocarbon Gas In Air Below Which
There Is Insufficient Hydrocarbon To Support And Propagate Combustion.
UPPER FLAMMABLE LIMIT: The Concentration Of A Hydrocarbon Gas In Air Above Which
There Is Insufficient Oxygen To Support And Propagate Combustion
TANK GAS FREEING
GAS FREEING: Replacement Of Hydrocarbon Vapours And Or The Inert Gas By Air.
Tank Will Gas Free By:
1. PURGING: Can Be Done By:
Dilution: Incoming Inert Gas Mixes With The Original Tank Atmosphere To
Form A Homogeneous Mixture Similar To The Incoming Gas.
Displacement: While Inert Gas Enters At The Top Of The Tank, The Heavier
Hydrocarbon Gas Escapes From The Bottom Through Suitable Piping.
2. INTRODUCTION OF AIR: Using Portable Fans Or A Fixed System. This Method Is Faster
Than Other
PREPARATIONS BEFORE CARGO OPERATION ON A TANKER
Follow Company Policies And Port Regulations
Check Internal And Shore Communication
Discuss The Cargo Plan With Chief Officer [Any Special Measure]
Appropriate Flag Is Ready To Be Hoisted [Bravo Flag]
Fire Extinguisher Next To The Manifold
Fire Hoses In Fire Hydrant And Close To The Manifolds
Inspect The Manifold
Make Sure All The Valves Are Blanked Off Before Loading
Ensure Plug Scuppers Are Properly Secured In Place
Mooring Line Properly Tendered
Read The Draft For Stability Purposes
Rig Fire Wire Forward And Aft
Ensure Appropriate PPE Is Worn By The Crew At All Times
Close Watertight Doors
Ensure Gangway Watch Has Been Maintained
Inform Master And Chief Upon Readinnes
Ask For Captain’s Permission To Inform Shore Personnel As Well
COLLISION BULKHEAD: The Extra Strengthfull Bulkhead In The Forward Portion Of Vessel To
Withstand Damage After Impact From Collision. It Forms The After Boundary Of The Fore
Peak Tank.
FORE PEAK VALVE: Is A Valve Designed To Avoid Water Not To Come Through The Vessel’s
Fore Peak Tank And Other Compartments As Well As Preventing The Vessel Not To Flood In
Case Of Collision. It Must Be Inspected Weekly.
Must Be Fitted In The Fore Peak Tank Adjacent To The Collision Bulkhead
ISGOTT:
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET [MSDS]
Formal Document Containing Important Information About The Characteristics And Actual Or
Potential Hazards Of A Substance.
It Identifies The Manufacturer Of The Material And Usually Includes:
Chemical Identity
Hazardous Ingredients
Physical And Chemical Properties
Fire And Explosion Data
Reactivity Data
Health Hazards Data
Exposure Limits Data
Precautions For Safe Storage And Handling
Need For Protective Gear
Spill Control, Cleanup And Disposal Procedures
FIRE WIRE
The Ship Should Provide Towing-Off Wires Ready For Immediate Use Without Adjustment, In
Case The Ship Needs To Be Moved In The Event Of Fire Or Other Emergency.
Wires Should Be Positioned Fore And Aft On The Offshore Side Of The Ship.
They Should Be In Good Condition, Of Adequate Strength, And Properly Secured To The Bitts
Such That Full Towing Loads Can Be Applied. The Eyes Should Be Maintained At Or About
The Waterline In A Position That Tugs Can Easily Reach.
