VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

"Jnana Sangama", Belagavi: 590 018

Report on

“Types Of Induction Machines”

For
INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (BESCK204B)
Submitted By
NAME: SRUJAN VB
USN: 1AY24EC102

Submitted to
Mr. MADHUSUDHAN S
Ass.Prof, Dept. Of EEE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ACHARYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi)

2024-2025

DATE MAX MARKS MARKS SCORED FACULTY SIGN STUDENT SIGN

 INDUCTION MACHINES:
Induction machines, commonly known as induction motors or
generators, are a type of AC (alternating current) electrical
machine widely used in industrial and commercial applications
due to their robustness, simplicity, and reliability.

An induction machine is an electric motor or generator in which

the electric current in the rotor needed to produce torque (in
motors) or output power (in generators) is induced by
electromagnetic induction from the stator magnetic field, rather
than being supplied directly.

> Types of Induction Machines:

There are two main types:
Based on Power Supply (Induction Motors)

I .Single-Phase Induction Motors

>split-phase induction motor

>capacitor-start induction motor

>capacitor-run induction motor

>shaded-pole induction motor

II.Three-Phase Induction Motors

>Squirrel Cage induction motor

>Wound Rotor induction motor

I .Single-Phase Induction Motors

* Designed to operate from a single-phase AC supply.

* Not self-starting: They require an auxiliary mechanism to
produce a rotating magnetic field and initiate motion.
* Commonly used in homes, offices, and light industrial
applications due to their economy and lower power demand.
> Types of single-phase induction motors:
1. Split-phase induction motor (Resistance Start Motor): Uses
an auxiliary winding with higher resistance to create a phase
difference for starting.
2. Capacitor-start induction motor: Employs a starting capacitor
in series with the auxiliary winding to improve starting torque.
 3. Capacitor-run induction motor: Has a capacitor permanently
connected in the auxiliary winding circuit for both starting and
running.
4. Shaded-pole induction motor: Features a copper ring (shaded
pole) around part of each pole to create a phase shift for starting.
These have low starting torque and efficiency, typically used in
small, low-power applications like fans.
II.Three-Phase Induction Motors

* Designed to operate from a three-phase AC supply.

* Self-starting: The three-phase supply inherently creates a
rotating magnetic field, eliminating the need for additional starting
devices.
* Highly efficient and reliable, widely used in commercial and
industrial applications for higher power loads.
> Based on Rotor Construction (Primarily for Three-Phase
Induction Motors) There Are Two Types:
1. Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor (SCIM)
2. Wound-Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM)
 1.Squirrel-Cage Induction Motor (SCIM):

A Squirrel Cage Induction Motor is the most common type of AC

(Alternating Current) electric motor used in industrial and domestic
applications. It is known for its rugged construction, simplicity,
reliability, and low cost.

🔧 Basic Construction:

The motor consists of two main parts:

1. Stator:

• The stationary part of the motor.

• Has three-phase winding connected to an AC power supply.
• Creates a rotating magnetic field when AC is supplied.

2. Rotor (Squirrel Cage Type):

• The rotating part of the motor.

• Constructed of conductive bars (usually aluminum or copper) placed
in slots and short-circuited at both ends by end rings, forming a
cage-like structure — hence the name squirrel cage.
• No external electrical connections.
⚙️ Working Principle:

• Based on Faraday’s Law of Electromagnetic Induction and Lenz’s

Law.
• The stator’s rotating magnetic field cuts through the rotor bars,
inducing a current in them.
• This induced current creates its own magnetic field, which interacts
with the stator field, producing torque that makes the rotor spin.
• The rotor never reaches synchronous speed; it always runs slightly
slower — a phenomenon called slip.

✅ Advantages:

• Simple and rugged design

• Low maintenance (no brushes or commutators)
• High reliability
• Low cost
• Good efficiency and performance

❌ Disadvantages:

• Speed control is not straightforward (requires VFDs or other

methods)
• Poor starting torque compared to wound rotor motors
• Not ideal for applications needing variable speed without additional
equipment
 2.Wound-Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM)

A Wound-Rotor Induction Motor (WRIM) is a type of three-phase

induction motor that features a wound rotor instead of a squirrel cage
rotor. Here's an overview of its key features, working principle, advantages,
and applications:

🔧 Structure of WRIM

• Stator: Similar to that of a standard induction motor with a three-

phase winding.
• Rotor: Instead of a squirrel cage, it has a three-phase winding
connected to slip rings.
• Slip Rings & Brushes: The rotor windings are brought out to
external connections through slip rings and brushes. This allows
external components like resistors or controllers to be connected to
the rotor circuit.
⚙️ Working Principle

• Operates on the same principle as other induction motors:

electromagnetic induction.
• When the stator is energized with a 3-phase AC supply, it creates a
rotating magnetic field.
• This induces current in the rotor windings due to relative motion
between the rotating field and the rotor.
• The rotor current interacts with the stator’s magnetic field to produce
torque.

Key Difference: Unlike squirrel cage motors, the rotor resistance can be
externally controlled via the slip rings.

✅ Advantages

1. Speed Control: By adding external resistance in the rotor circuit, you

can control speed without much power loss.
2. High Starting Torque: With external resistors, it provides better
starting torque compared to squirrel cage motors.
3. Smooth Start: Reduced starting current due to external resistance.
4. Suitability for High Inertia Loads: Ideal where gradual acceleration
is needed.

❌ Disadvantages

• Requires maintenance due to slip rings and brushes.

• More expensive and complex than squirrel cage motors.
• Lower efficiency due to rotor resistance losses.