Educational Module: Parts of the CPU and Computers
Module: Parts of the CPU and Computers
Module Title:
Understanding the Parts of the CPU and Computer
Grade Level:
Junior High School / Senior High School / Basic IT Course
Module Objectives:
1. Identify and describe the different parts of a computer system.
2. Explain the primary functions of each component.
3. Understand the structure and role of the Central Processing Unit (CPU).
4. Differentiate between internal and external computer components.
5. Analyze how the components work together to perform computing tasks.
I. Introduction
A computer is a powerful electronic device that processes data to produce meaningful information. It
performs operations like input, processing, storage, and output with the help of various interconnected
components. Among all parts, the Central Processing Unit (CPU) is often considered the "brain" of the
computer. However, it cannot function alone-many other components contribute to the performance and
usability of a computer.
II. Main Parts of a Computer
A. External Parts of a Computer (Peripheral Devices)
- Monitor (Display Screen): Displays text, images, and videos.
- Keyboard: Allows users to input text and commands.
- Mouse: Used to navigate and click.
- Printer: Converts digital documents into hard copies.
- Speakers and Headphones: Output sound.
- External Drives and USB Devices: Provide additional storage.
Educational Module: Parts of the CPU and Computers
B. Internal Parts of a Computer (Inside the Case)
- Motherboard: Main circuit board connecting all components.
- CPU: Executes instructions and processes data.
- RAM: Temporary memory for active tasks.
- Storage Drive (HDD/SSD): Long-term storage.
- Power Supply Unit (PSU): Converts and supplies power.
- Cooling Systems: Prevents overheating.
- GPU: Handles graphics rendering.
- Optical Drive: Reads/writes CDs, DVDs, Blu-Ray.
III. Deep Dive: Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- ALU: Performs arithmetic and logic operations.
- CU: Controls data flow and instruction processing.
- Registers: Temporary storage for data.
- Cache Memory: High-speed internal memory.
- Clock: Synchronizes CPU operations.
- Cores: Multiple processors in one unit (dual, quad, etc.).
IV. How Components Work Together
Sequence:
1. Input from keyboard/mouse.
2. Data sent to CPU.
3. CPU processes input.
4. Data retrieved from RAM/storage.
5. Result displayed or stored.
V. Importance of Each Component
- CPU: Brain of the computer.
- RAM: Fast, temporary data access.
- Motherboard: Component hub.
- Storage: Saves all files.
Educational Module: Parts of the CPU and Computers
- GPU: Improves visual performance.
- PSU: Powers the system.
- Monitor: Displays information.
- Keyboard/Mouse: User interaction.
VI. Summary
A computer relies on multiple parts working together. The CPU handles core computing, but needs memory,
input/output devices, and a motherboard to function efficiently.
VII. Assessment
1. What are the three main parts of the CPU?
2. Compare the roles of RAM and storage.
3. What is the function of the motherboard?
4. Name at least three peripheral devices.
5. Why is the cooling system important?
VIII. Activities
1. Label a computer diagram.
2. Identify real components inside a CPU.
3. Compare Intel vs AMD CPUs.
IX. References
- Techopedia
- HowStuffWorks
- DigitalLearn.org
