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The document discusses factors influencing drug distribution, including blood flow, solubility, and protein binding. Well-perfused organs achieve higher drug concentrations faster, while lipid-soluble drugs and unbound drugs are more readily distributed and exert pharmacological effects. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial parameter for understanding drug distribution in the body, which can be affected by liver and kidney diseases.

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11 views1 page

Scribd 4.0

The document discusses factors influencing drug distribution, including blood flow, solubility, and protein binding. Well-perfused organs achieve higher drug concentrations faster, while lipid-soluble drugs and unbound drugs are more readily distributed and exert pharmacological effects. The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial parameter for understanding drug distribution in the body, which can be affected by liver and kidney diseases.

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BLOOD FLOW • Important determinant of the rate of drug uptake (but not the amount of drug in
tissue equilibrium) • well-perfused organs will achieve high tissue concentrations sooner than poorly
perfused tissues 3. SOLUBILITY • Influences the concentration of the drug in the extracellular fluid
surrounding blood vessels • Brain which is high in lipid content will dissolve high concentration of
lipid soluble drugs o non-ionized, non-polar drugs are more lipid-soluble and undergo more
extensive distribution 4. PROTEIN BINDING • Binding to macromolecules in blood or tissue will tend
to increase the drug’s concentration in that compartment o (A)cidic drugs: bound to (A)lbumin o
Basic drugs: bound to Orosomucoid and a1-acid glycoprotein • If a drug is bound to proteins it
CANNOT cross membranes and exert their effect. Remember proteins are big molecules
(macromolecules). They can’t readily cross membranes • Therefore, only unbound drugs CAN cross
membranes and exert their effect o ONLY THE FREE (UNBOUND) DRUG CAN BE ABSORBED,
DISTRIBUTED, METABOLIZED, EXCRETED AND EXERT PHARMACOLOGIC EFFECT o Examples:
Phenytoin, Valproic acid Okay, skill keeper. Tell if increased or decreased 1. More protein binding will
lead to ___________ distribution 2. Lipid soluble drug will lead to __________ distribution 3. 4.
Lower blood flow will lead to _________ distribution Higher blood flow will lead to _________
absorption Answer: Inc. Inc. Dec, Inc. Dr. Rodriguez APPARENT VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION • This
parameter is very important in measuring the distribution of a drug • It is the volume at which drug
would need to be uniformly distributed to produce an observed blood concentration. B# = CDEFGH EI
JKFL MG HNO PEJQ RSTUDT JKFL VEGVOGHKTHMEG • Can be altered by liver and kidney disease
Volume of Distribution Low Vd Distributed in blood Medium Vd Distributed in extracellular space or
body water High Vd Distributed in tissues Vd is just a hypothetical value that estimates the volume
needed to dissolve a drug to reach a certain concentration. Meaning gaano kadaming volume yung
kailangan para madissolve yung isang dose ng gamut para maachieve yung certain concentration. Dr.
Rodriguez CLINICAL APPLICATION: LOADING DOSE CALCULATION 45%.)-6 758# = 9#×.#8)$#. ;

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