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Module 18 - Fire Prevention and Protection

The document outlines fire prevention and protection measures for construction sites, emphasizing the importance of site supervision staff in mitigating fire risks. It details major causes of fires, statutory safety requirements, and general fire protection practices, including proper storage of materials and maintenance of fire service installations. The module aims to educate supervisors on ensuring safety and compliance with regulations to prevent fire-related incidents.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

8 views101 pages

Module 18 - Fire Prevention and Protection

Uploaded by

hk97881525

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

You are on page 1/ 101

M-0818

Fire Prevention and Protection

21-Module Supervisors Safety Training

(2009-06)

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 1

Agenda

Introduction

Contents

Summary

Question and Answer

Test

Review of Test Results

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 2

Introduction

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 3

Purpose of this module

is to remind site supervision staff (SSS) to aware of -

Serious fires have occurred in construction sites, from which

it will causing ….

¾ delay the completion dates

¾ serious monetary losses

¾ injuries & deaths

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 4

By the end of this module

SSS should be able to -

Ensure the responsible Contractors to mitigate the fire risk &

minimize the outbreak of fires at the construction sites

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 5

What we have learned

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 6

The major causes for fire in construction
sites …

Accumulation of loosely packed and/or scattered materials

which are highly combustible

Inadequate insulation/protection and/or overloading electric

wiring

Carelessness in welding work

Lacking of safety measures & supervision for control hot works

Smoking & carelessness in disposing smoking materials

Improper use & storage DG/DS

Lack of fire protection system (FSI not complied/maintained)

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 7

In August 2003, the Che Kung Temple station
MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 8
In June 2003, electric arc welding work at WKS concourse level
MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 9
On 27 October 2004, improvement work at Sheung Shui Station

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 10

A welder was suffering from facial burns & treated in hospital resulted
from a flash over inside the cutter-head of a TBM at HCC303 (CLP
Cable Tunnel) while a blowpipe was being lit up for flame cutting
MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 11
What are the statutory safety
requirements?

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 12

Applicable legislation

OSHO (Cap. 509) / FIUO (Cap. 59) & Regulations

¾ Construction Site (Safety) Regulations

¾ FIUR – Cartridge-operated Fixing Tools

¾ FIUR - Dangerous Substances

¾ FIUR – Gas Welding & Flame Cutting

¾ FIUR - Spraying of Flammable Liquids

Dangerous Goods Ordinance (Cap. 295) & Regulations

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 13

OSHO (Cap. 509) & FIUO (Cap. 59)

general duties of a contractor -

a. plant and system of work

b. use, handling, storage & transport of articles & substances

c. information, instruction, training and supervision

d. maintenance of workplace with means of access & egress

e. working environment

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 14

OSHO (Cap. 509) & FIUO (Cap. 59)

general duties of workers -

a. take reasonable care of himself & other persons

b. Cooperate to his employer & other persons to follow the

established safe systems of work

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 15

FIUO – Special Precautions
under Section 7(4)

The hot surface of the (plant) shall be lagged with insulating

material

Every oxy-acetylene cylinder gas cylinder shall be fitted with a

suitable & effective flashback arrestor

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 16

CSSR

Power of prohibit smoking –

¾ Steps shall be taken to ensure that smoking or the use of

naked lights is prohibited in a site where flammable liquid or
any mixture containing any such liquid or any substance or
thing which will involve danger from fire is used

Maintenance of fire escape & fire fighting appliances –

¾ All means of escape in case of fire & all fire-fighting

appliances shall be maintained in good condition & free from
obstruction

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 17

CSSR

Duties of persons employed

¾ No person shall wilfully alter, damage, obstruct or otherwise

impair any means of escape or fire fighting appliances

¾ No person shall smoke or use any naked lights in a

construction site where flammable liquid or any mixture
containing any such liquid or any substance or thing which
will involve danger from fire is used or intended to be used

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 18

FIUR – Cartridge-operated fixing Tools

Safe atmosphere –

¾ no cartridge-operated fixing tool shall

be used in an atmosphere containing

• flammable vapours,

• flammable gases or

• explosive dusts

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 19

FIUR – Dangerous Substances

“Listed substances” – any substance, a preparation or other

mixture, listed in column of the First Schedule

“Dangerous mixture” – preparation or mixture containing …

¾ >1% by weight of any toxic substance(s)

¾ >10% by weight of any harmful substance(s)

¾ Such proportion of any corrosive, explosive, flammable,

irritant or oxidizing mixture

Containers to be labelled

Required particulars on the label

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 20

FIUR – Dangerous Substances (cont’d)

Notice to be displayed

Safety information, training & precautions

Protective clothing & equipment

Duties of persons employed –

¾ Safety precautions to be taken

¾ Use of PPE

¾ Not to misuse of labels, notices & PPE

¾ Prohibition against eating, drinking & smoking

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 21

FIUR – Spraying of Flammable Liquids

Spraying room/area – construction

Ventilation

Sources of ignition & No Smoking

Notices to be displayed
NO SMOKING – NO NAKED FLAMES
Electrical equipment – flam-proofed 不准吸煙 - 不准點燃無遮蓋之燈火

Fire extinguishing appliances – bucket of sand, CO2, etc.

Storage of flammable liquid FLAMMABLE LIQUID

易燃液體
Cleanliness & disposal of cotton waste etc.

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 22

FIUR – Spraying of Flammable Liquids
(cont’d)

Duties of persons employed –

¾ Removal of contaminated materials

¾ Comply with regulations

¾ Report defects –

• ventilating / fire extinguishing

apparatus, & electrical appliance

• Pipe/conduit/container used for

conveyance/store of flammable liquid

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 23

Dangerous Goods Ordinance

Dangerous Goods – ‘All explosives, compressed gases,

petroleum and other substances giving off inflammable vapours,
substances giving off poisonous gas or vapour, corrosive
substances, substances which become dangerous by interaction
with water or air, substances liable to spontaneous combustion
or of a readily combustible nature.’
‘Except under and in accordance with a licence granted under
this Ordinance no person shall manufacture, store, convey or
use any dangerous goods.’
¾ Conveyance - licence issued by Director of FS for vehicle
used for conveyance of Category 2 or Category 5 DGs
¾ Application & Exemption - Exempt Quantity

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 24

DG – exempted quantity

DG commonly
used in
construction site

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 25

General fire protection at
construction site

FSD - Fire Protection Notice No.13

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 26

Fire protection at construction site

Storage of combustible materials –

¾ Well stacked in an orderly manner

¾ Keep to the minimum quantity

¾ Ample separating spaces between each stack –

• Both from the top & sides

Storage of Dangerous Goods –

¾ Kept in appropriated DG Stores

¾ Observe safety precautions on the use of DG

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 27

Fire protection at construction site

Good Housekeeping –

¾ Orderly storage of materials

¾ Periodical removal/discarded combustible packing materials,

wood chips, saw dust, etc.

¾ Unobstructed exit route be always maintained

Provision of Access –

¾ Substantial staircase(s) be erected

¾ Free from obstruction

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 28

Fire protection at construction site

Open Flame Work –

¾ Extreme care be exercised when carrying out hot-works

¾ Combustible materials be removed from the vicinity

¾ Fire fighting equipment be in place

¾ Special caution is required in –

• heating & boiling coating & sealing substances

• use of highly inflammable adhesives/solvents

No Smoking – signage & instruction be displayed

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 29

Fire protection at construction site

Electric Wiring –
¾ Wirings be properly insulated & protected
¾ Earth leakage circuit breakers be installed
Fire Service Installations & Equipment –
¾ Fixed Fire Pump – Location Plan
• Relay water supply for floors above 30m
• Located close to staircase & directional signs
• Fitted with inlet/outlet (65mm), air release valve with
flow 900L/min at running pressure 350-850kPa

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 30

Fire protection at construction site

Fire Service Installations & Equipment – (cont’d)

¾ Fixed Fire Pump – electricity supply & schematic diagrams

• Have enough capacity

• Duplicated power cables separately routed

• Protected by metal conduit/trunking & fixed on wall

¾ Portable Equipment - 9L water/CO2 fire extinguisher

• 1 per 200m square/site office; >2 per each floor

• Located close to staircase

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 31

Fire protection at construction site

Maintenance of Fire Service Installations & Equipment –

¾ In efficient working order at all times

¾ Not to be removed unless permanent FSI has been

satisfactorily installed

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 32

Hot works conducted on construction
sites may cause fire & explosion …

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 33

electric arc welding

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 34

gas (oxy-acetylene) welding

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 35

flame cutting

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 36

brazing

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 37

grinding

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 38

disc cutting

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 39

Manual Electric Arc Welding

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 40

Fire & explosion – mainly caused by …

Combustible material in the vicinity of the work –

¾ ignited by sparks or globules of molten metal generated

during welding work

¾ ignited by the hot welding electrode

Critical mixtures of gases, volatile flammable liquids or

combustible dusts with air ignited

Combustible/flammable residue in the workpiece ignited

Bad contact / loose connections of cables & welding equipment,

& faulty electrical connections/insulation

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 41

Prevention of fire & explosion …

No welding operation –
¾ in flammable atmosphere
¾ having flammable materials in the vicinity
Care of the hot slag/workpiece – cooling time
Good housekeeping in the workplace –
¾ Work area clean & tidy
¾ Combustible/flammable materials removed
¾ Blanking off combustible materials by flame retardant
materials (prevent contact with hot slag/spark)

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 42

Prevention of fire & explosion …

¾ Prevent hot slag/spark carried by wind in open area

¾ Workpiece is free from oil, grease, paint, dirt or other residue

¾ Welding area is free from oil deposits

¾ Flame retardant material made collection trough be fixed below

the welding location

¾ Spent electrodes that are still hot be properly disposed – prevent

fire, getting underfoot or falling on persons below

Suitable fire-fighting equipment be ready for use in the workplace

Appoint fire watchers – particular in lift & escalator works

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 43

Prevention of fire & explosion …

After work / before leaving the workplace –

¾ Welding equipment has been completely shut down

¾ Welding electrodes & workpiece have cooled down

¾ Sparks & hot slag have been extinguished

Workplace be visited by fire watchers for suitable periods after

welding operation

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 44

Emergency preparedness …

Fire & explosion during manual electric arc welding –

¾ Switch off the power supply to the welding equipment

immediately

¾ Switch off other power supply & fuel supply to the workplace
if necessary

¾ Extinguish the fire if safe to do so

¾ Inform others in the workplace & evacuate if necessary

¾ Call for help

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 45

Good & bad practices

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 46

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 47
Voltage Reduction Device (VRD)

reduces open-circuit voltage

to a safe value until welding
commences ......

¾ upon arc strike, full

selected current becomes
available

¾ upon completion of
welding, the open-circuit
voltage is returned to a
safe value until the next
welding cycle

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 48

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Gas Welding & Flame Cutting

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 53

Fire & explosion – mainly caused by …

Resulted from the release of flammable fuel

gases / oxygen into the atmosphere from –

¾ damaged gas hose/piping

¾ leaks at joints

¾ hose connections

¾ fittings of the gas supply system

¾ valves of the gas supply line/blowpipe being

left open inadvertently

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 54

Fire & explosion – mainly caused by …

In the gas supply system –

¾ Flashback from the blowpipe due to fuel gas supply

lines not complete purged before lighting up

¾ Decomposition/detonation of acetylene in the

absence of oxygen/air

¾ Overheating of gas cylinder

¾ High-pressure oxygen gas (without fuel gas) which

promotes combustion materials such as oil, grease,
organic compounds, aluminium & its alloy, &
elastomers used in valve seats & seals

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 55

Fire & explosion – mainly caused by …

Over-pressurisation of the gas supply system

Flammable/combustible residue in the workpiece

Ignition of flammable/combustible materials in the vicinity by –

¾ the flame of blowpipe,

¾ hot surfaces of the workpiece, or

¾ hot slag from the process

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 56

Fire & explosion – mainly caused by …

Unsafe acts –

¾ Misuse of oxygen –

• as a source of pressure / substitute for

compressed air

• to remove dust, etc from clothing, equipment or

work areas

• ventilate a confined space instead of air

• sweeten the air of any work area/space

¾ Recharge of gas cylinders

¾ Warming up gas cylinders

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 57

Safety measures …

Ventilation at the workplace –

¾ Supplying fresh air
¾ Removing gas from leakage to prevent accumulation of
flammable/explosive mixtures in the atmosphere
Gas supply system & safety devices
¾ Non-return valve
¾ Flashback arrester (flame arrester)
¾ Manifold / bulk supply system (DGO Cap-295 / GSO
Cap-51)
¾ Gas leakage detecting devices, fire alarm & fighting eqpt.
Use of suitable PPE

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 58

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 59
Fire prevention & protection …

Leakage in the gas supply line –

¾ Appropriate ventilation to prevent gas

accumulation

¾ Appropriate gas supply line

¾ Regular & pre-use equipment check

During welding or cutting process –

¾ Working area is kept clean & tidy

¾ Free from flammable/combustible materials, or

protected from flame, heat, hot slag or sparks
by covering with fire resistant materials
MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 60
Fire prevention & protection …
During welding or cutting process – (cont’d)

¾ Prevent slag/sparks from

• reaching combustible materials along/down ducts,

channels & through holes in wall & floors

• Carried away by wind in open area

¾ Prevent equipment from contaminated with oil/grease

¾ Workpiece is free from oil, grease, paint, dirt or other

residue

¾ Suitable fire-fighting equipment be ready in use

¾ Fire watchers be appointed

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 61

Fire prevention & protection …

After welding/cutting process & before leaving the work area –

¾ Blowpipe is properly shut down

¾ Sparks & slag are extinguished

¾ Workpiece is cooled down

Storage & handling of gas cylinders –

¾ Coloured, labelled & no sign of leakage

¾ Stored in a cool & well-ventilated place

¾ Keep in an upright position & securely anchored

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 62

Fire prevention & protection …

Storage & handling of gas cylinders – (cont’d)

¾ Keep the quantity to a practical minimum

¾ Handle with care –

• Moved with wheeled trolleys (LG) & securely fastened

• Do not lifted by the valve or valve shroud

• Do not throw/bump/roll them

• Do not use them as a support

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 63

Fire prevention & protection …

Welding/cutting in a confined space –

¾ Adopt a permit-to-work system

¾ Provide ventilation system - fresh air & fume extraction

¾ Provide workers with supplied-air type respirator (as per the

risk assessment report recommended)

¾ Do not take gas cylinders into the workplace, if this cannot

be avoided, keep the number & size of cylinders to a
minimum & closely monitored to its leakage

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 64

Emergency preparedness …

Gas leakage –

¾ Isolate the gas supplies by closing the valves

¾ Inform all persons in the workplace

¾ Isolate all ignition sources

¾ Evacuate the workplace & call for help

Sustained backfire in the blowpipe –

¾ 1st close the O2 valve, then the fuel valve

¾ Complete the shutting down procedure

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 65

Emergency preparedness …

Flashback/fire in the gas hose –

¾ Isolate all gases by closing the cylinder valves
¾ Control the fire by fire-fighting equipment
¾ Activate the fire alarm & call for help
¾ Evacuate the workplace as required
Fire involving acetylene cylinder – (under safe circumstances)
¾ Cool the cylinder by spraying with water only
¾ Close the cylinder valve
¾ Never attempt to remove an acetylene cylinder!!!

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 66

Good & bad practices

MTR Corporation 2009/6/17 Page 67

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