GT-SUITE

COOL3D Reference Manual

VERSION 2016

by
Gamma Technologies

Copyright 2015 © Gamma Technologies LLC. All rights reserved.

All information contained in this manual is confidential and cannot be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without
the express written permission of Gamma Technologies LLC.
 GT Information

GT SUPPORT
• TELEPHONE: (630) 325-5848

• FAX: (630) 325-5849

• E-MAIL: [email protected]

• Web Address: www.gtisoft.com

• Address: 601 Oakmont Lane, Suite 220

Westmont, IL 60559
USA

Telephone Support Hours

8:00 A.M. to 5:30 P.M. Central Time Monday - Friday

 Table of Contents

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................... 1
CHAPTER 2: COOL3D Menu Items.................................................................................................... 2
File Menu ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Edit Menu ................................................................................................................................................ 4
View Menu .............................................................................................................................................. 5
Builder Menu ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Slicer Menu............................................................................................................................................ 10
Selection Menu ...................................................................................................................................... 13
Dimensions Menu .................................................................................................................................. 14
Setup Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Tools Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 15
Window Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 16
Help Menu ............................................................................................................................................. 16
CHAPTER 3: COOL3D Dialogs.......................................................................................................... 18
Assembly Rotation – Rotates an entire assembly of connected components ........................................ 19
Case Setup – Organizes cases and defines parameters .......................................................................... 20
Convert Shape to Component – Converts an Imported Shape into a COOL3D component ................. 22
Cross Section Editor – 2D editor used to create and modify custom cross sections ............................. 27
Cutting Plane Control Window – Controls the direction and orientation of the cutting plane .............. 30
Export gtm – Export model file (*.gtm) for use in GT-ISE................................................................... 31
Export Image – Export graphical view(s) to an image file .................................................................... 36
Export STL – Export model to an STL file ........................................................................................... 37
Export ACIS – Export model to an ACIS file ....................................................................................... 38
Filter Meshes – Filter mesh shapes ........................................................................................................ 39
Import 3D – Import 3D file ................................................................................................................... 40
Import ACIS – Import an entire ACIS file ............................................................................................ 41
Import IGES – Import an entire IGES file ............................................................................................. 43
Import Parasolid – Import an entire Parasolid file ................................................................................. 45
Import STL – Import STL file ............................................................................................................... 47
Import STL as Cross Sections – Import a shell from an STL file using cross sections ......................... 48
Import STL as Surface – Import an entire STL file from its surfaces ................................................... 51
Local Cutting Plane Information Window – Provides the orientation of the local cutting plane .......... 53
Model View Layout – Controls the layout of the model in the display window ................................... 54
Polygon Vertices – Allows creation and editing of custom cross section shape by coordinate points.. 55
Print – Prints the graphical display ........................................................................................................ 56
Print Preview – Previews the graphical display..................................................................................... 57
Set Rotation Point – Sets the anchor point for graphical rotations ........................................................ 58
Tools>Options>General – Contains general options and preferences specific to the application......... 59
Tools>Options>Favorites – Contains options regarding favorite folders and applications................... 61
Tools>Options>User Object Libraries – Contains the location of the user object libraries (.gto) ........ 62
Tools>Options>Save – Contains options and preferences regarding saving models ............................ 63
Tools>Options>Default Units – Contains the default units preferences ............................................... 64
Tools>Options>Default Colors – Contains the default colors preferences ........................................... 65
 Table of Contents

Tools>Options>Conversion – Contains the mesh conversion preferences ........................................... 66

Tools>Options>Discretization – Contains the discretization preferences ............................................. 67
Translation – Translates a component ................................................................................................... 69
View Model Sectioning – Graphically sections the model so that interior components can be viewed 70
Volume Calculation – Calculates the volume of components ............................................................... 72
CHAPTER 4: COOL3D Components................................................................................................. 73
COOLBlockage ..................................................................................................................................... 74
COOLDuct............................................................................................................................................. 76
COOLFan .............................................................................................................................................. 78
COOLFlowResistance ........................................................................................................................... 83
COOLFlowSpace................................................................................................................................... 85
COOLFlowSpaceSimple ....................................................................................................................... 88
COOLHeatAddition............................................................................................................................... 90
COOLHeatExchanger ............................................................................................................................ 94
COOLSolidBlockage ........................................................................................................................... 102
COOLSolidFlowSpace ........................................................................................................................ 103
DiscretizationPlane .............................................................................................................................. 106
GEMMeshShape – General Mesh Shape............................................................................................. 107
CHAPTER 5: COOL3D Features ..................................................................................................... 108
ActuatorConn3D - Actuator Connection ............................................................................................. 109
FlowOpening ....................................................................................................................................... 111
HoleVolume......................................................................................................................................... 114
HoleVolumeObject .............................................................................................................................. 115
HoleVolumeZero ................................................................................................................................. 116
SensorConn3D - Sensor Connection ................................................................................................... 117
CHAPTER 6: COOL3D Cross Sections ........................................................................................... 121
CSBiRadial – Bi-Radial Cross Section................................................................................................ 122
CSCircle – Circle Cross Section .......................................................................................................... 123
CSCustom – User Defined Cross Section............................................................................................ 124
CSEllipse – Elliptical Cross Section.................................................................................................... 125
CSRect – Rectangular Cross Section ................................................................................................... 126
CSRoundRect – Rounded Rectangular Cross Section ......................................................................... 127
CHAPTER 7: COOL3D Reference Templates ................................................................................ 128
COOLEndEnv – Pressure Boundary ................................................................................................... 129
COOLEndEnvRam – End Environment with Ram Velocity .............................................................. 134
COOLEndFlowInlet – Imposed Flow Rate ......................................................................................... 139
EffAreaRestriction ............................................................................................................................... 142
XYTableSimple ................................................................................................................................... 143
Index ......................................................................................................................................................... 144
 Introduction

CHAPTER 1: Introduction
COOL3D is a tool that can be used to build 3D models of underhood thermal management flow systems
that can be discretized and made into model files for use with GT-SUITE. It provides the ability to build
the model in a 3D environment so that the full details of the model can be included. It also includes
sophisticated discretization logic that is able to transform the 3D model into a model file that is
compatible with the GT-SUITE software. COOL3D can be used to build any flow system that contains
only blockages, fans, heat additions, and heat exchangers.

This manual describes the operations and components available in COOL3D. It is assumed that the the
user to the user's
is already familiar with the GT-SUITE software package including GT-ISE and GT-POST. COOL3D
will share concepts with both GT-ISE and GT-POST where possible to maintain consistency. It will also
incorporate new concepts and methods that are unique to 3D modeling.

This manual documents the operations and components of COOL3D and can be a useful reference, but it
is strongly recommended to attend a training class. Since COOL3D is a new tool in GT-SUITE, specific
training classes will be available on COOL3D. This approach is the fastest, most effective, and most
enjoyable way to learn about GT-SUITE. Please see https://www.gtisoft.com/events/trainings-and-
seminars/ for information on training in the United States and Europe and https://www.gtisoft.com/about-
gt/contact-by-territory/ for contact information for our representatives in Japan, Korea, China, India, and
Brazil.

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 COOL3D Menu Items

CHAPTER 2: COOL3D Menu Items

The COOL3D menu items section contains descriptions for each menu item available in COOL3D. This
also includes all operations and commands that may be available in COOL3D on right-click menus and
shortcut keys. These descriptions can be found in the context help while using COOL3D by opening the
help directly from the help menu. With the help open the menu items will be the first section available in
the help tree.

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 COOL3D Menu Items

File Menu
The file menu has operations that deal with file handling and getting information into or out of the
COOL3D application.

New: Creates a new model file. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+N]

Open: Allows the user to open an existing model file. A COOL3D model file will have a .ghx
extension. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+O]

Open and export…: Allows the user to open an existing model file and export the Parasolid data
to separate geometry files. This option is provided for advanced troubleshooting if an old .ghx
file failed to evolve the solid data properly. The individual Parasolid data could then be opened
in a CAD tool such as GT-SpaceClaim and manually evolved to the ACIS format.

Open Examples: This will open a dialog window for all of the Examples in COOL3D.

Close: Closes the active model file. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+F4]

Save: Saves the active model file. If the current model file does not have a name, then this will
act like the Save As command. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+S]

Save As...: Saves the active model file with a new name and/or location.

Reload: Reloads the active model file (similar to a refresh operation). This operation is used to
refresh the display of the model in the graphical windows when a change or update is not shown.
Due to the nature of 3D applications (like CAD) sometimes the graphical display of the model
doesn't capture a change. When this happens, the reload operation should be done to verify if the
problem is display related. This operation will fix a display related problem. If the problem
persists after a reload operation, then the problem is not display related. [Keyboard hotkey = F5]

Send Model...: Exports the model, necessary files to run the model, and build information to the
default email client. This is recommended when the model needs to be sent to GT Support.

Import 3D...: Imports an ACIS, STL, Parasolid, or IGES file into COOL3D. GT-SPACECLAIM
can be used to import other formats and convert them to ACIS. For more information regarding
importing a CAD file, see the Import 3D command.

Import Excel Objects…: Imports Excel file(s) to quickly create objects. In order for the object
to be created correctly, the Excel file(s) must follow the proper format of templates provided in
the .gto. The easiest way to get the correct file format is to right-click on a template and select
the option to Generate Template Excel Blueprint.

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 COOL3D Menu Items

Export Image...: Exports the graphical display as an image. For more information regarding how
to export an image, see the Export Image command. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+E]

Export Model...: Exports the model as an STL or ACIS file.

► Export stl...: Exports the model as an STL file. This operation will open a dialog
window allowing the name of the exported stl file to be given. This dialog will also
allow the option to export the entire model as a single STL file or just the currently
selected component. For more information regarding how to export stl files, see
the Export stl command.

► Export ACIS...: Exports the model as an ACIS file. This operation will open a dialog
window allowing the name of the exported ACIS file to be given. This dialog will also
allow the option to export the entire model as a single ACIS file or just the currently
selected component. For more information regarding how to export ACIS files, see
the Export ACIS command.

Export gtm...: Discretizes the active model and exports a *.gtm model file for use in GT-ISE.
This operation will open a dialog window with the required input to discretize the model and
create the *.gtm model file. For more information regarding how to export the gtm model file,
see the Export gtm command.

Print...: Prints the graphical display. For more information regarding how to print, see the Print
command. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+P]

Print Preview...: Previews the graphical display for a print operation. For more information
regarding previewing, see the Print Preview command.

Page Setup...: Allows the page setup options to be modified. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+U]

Last Opened File List: Lists the last recently opened model files. Up to the last 10 model files
that were opened will be stored in this list.

Exit: Exits the COOL3D application. [Keyboard hotkey = Alt+F4]

Edit Menu
The edit menu has operations that deal with file handling and getting information into or out of the
COOL3D application.

Undo: Undoes the last operation. This operation can be used sequentially to undo multiple
operations that were done in a row. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+Z]

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 COOL3D Menu Items

Redo: Redoes the last operation. This operation can be used sequentially to redo multiple
operations that were done in a row. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+Y]

Cut: Performs a cut operation. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+X]

Copy: Performs a copy operation. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+C]

Paste: Performs a paste operation. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+V]

Delete: Deletes the current selection. [Keyboard hotkey = Delete]

Edit Model Description: Allows a description for the model to be created/modified.

Add Note: Notes can be added to the canvas to serve as reminders and to aid future users who
might inherit a model.

Delete Unused Objects/Templates: Deletes all unused objects/templates from the model tree.

► Objects: Deletes all objects in the model tree that are not used in the model anywhere.

► Objects and Templates: Deletes all objects and templates in the model tree that are not
used in the model anywhere.

Rename... : Rename the current selection. [Keyboard hotkey = F2]

Find...: Used to find a component or feature. This will open the find dialog window. This will
find particular components and/or features based on their name. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+F]

Refresh Implicit Objects: Refreshing implicit objects allows them to update to the current data
from the object they are pointing to in the template library.

Edit Properties...: Edits the current selection. This is typically the same operation that is done
when double-clicking on a component or feature. [Keyboard hotkey = F3]

Copy and Edit Object...: Creates an identical copy of the selected component, gives it an
incremental name, and opens it for editing. This is the same as making a copy of a component
and then clicking the normal edit operation.

Change Visual Attributes...: This will allow a master edit of the visual folder for all selected
objects.

View Menu
The view menu has operations that deal with viewing the model in the graphical window. This includes
properties of the application display, properties of the model display, as well as temporary operations to
display particular features of the model.

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 COOL3D Menu Items

Message Window: Displays the COOL3D message window. This window contains information
about the commands that COOL3D is doing. During normal operation the user should not have
to worry about this window. If something is wrong, or an error is suspected it is a good idea to
check the contents of this window and send them to GT when requesting support for the problem.

Model View Layout... : Opens the model view layout dialog window. This is used to change the
number of views, what each view shows, and the layout of the views in the graphical window.
For more information regarding model view layout, see the Model View Layout command.

Set Rotation Point... : Opens the set rotation point dialog window. This is used to set the anchor
point for graphical rotation operations. For more information regarding set rotation point, see
the Set Rotation Point command.

Zoom: Contains the zoom options.

► Zoom In: Zooms in on the model. Scrolling up with the mouse wheel will also zoom in.
[Keyboard hotkey = NumPad +]

► Zoom Out: Zooms out from the model. Scrolling down with the mouse wheel will also
zoom out. [Keyboard hotkey = NumPad -]

► Zoom 1:1: Restores the zoom to the default level (1:1). [Keyboard hotkey = Equals]

► Zoom section: Zoom in on a specific section of the model.

Rotate: Contains the display rotation options.

► Front View (-YZ): Rotates the display to show the front view of the model. The front
view is defined as the view looking at the -YZ plane.

► Back View (YZ): Rotates the display to show the back view of the model. The back view
is defined as the view looking at the YZ plane.

► Top View (XY): Rotates the display to show the top view of the model. The top view is
defined as the view looking at the XY plane.

► Bottom View (-YX): Rotates the display to show the bottom view of the model. The
bottom view is defined as the view looking at the -YX plane.

► Right View (XZ): Rotates the display to show the right view of the model. The right view
is defined as the view looking at the XZ plane.

► Left View (-XZ): Rotates the display to show the left view of the model. The left view is
defined as the view looking at the -XZ plane.

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 COOL3D Menu Items

► Isometric (XYZ): Rotates the display to show the isometric view of the model.

Reset View: Resets the graphical window by rotating the display to the top view and zooming to
the default level (1:1). [Keyboard hotkey = F9]

Perspective View: Toggle to switch to a perspective view. By default the view is set to
orthographic. An orthographic view assumes two vanishing points located at infinity so all lines
appear parallel. If this menu item is checked, then a perspective view will be shown. A
perspective view has the vanishing points located a finite distance away from the model so it will
look more physical. Un-checking this menu item will return to an orthographic view. This
option will be saved as a local application property.

Model Sectioning... : Opens the model sectioning dialog window which will create a temporary
cutting plane on the model allowing the graphical display to show the inside of the model. This
can be used to look between objects and to create screen shots for presentations. For more
information regarding model sectioning, see the View Model Sectioning command.

Grid: Contains the grid choices.

► No Grid: Specifies that no grid will be shown in the graphical window.

► Dynamic Grid: Specifies that a moving grid will be placed in the graphical window. The
grid will be placed in the XY plane and change when display operations are performed.

Axis: Contains the choices for toggling the location of the axis for the global coordinate system.
The global coordinate system (also called the world coordinate system) represents the coordinates
by which components are located in space. The origin of the global coordinate system is always
displayed as a small black dot in the graphical display.

► Hide Axis: When checked this menu item turns off the axis of the global coordinate
system.

► Left Lower Corner: When checked this menu item will display the axis of the global
coordinate system in the bottom left corner of the graphical display.

► Origin: When checked this menu item will display the axis of the global coordinate
system at the origin.

Components Axis: Toggle to display a components local axis. Each component has a local axis
with its origin at the center of the first cross section. This axis shows the local coordinate system
for the component.

Move to: Contains the toggles to move the model to a different viewing tab.

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 COOL3D Menu Items

► Move to Model tab: Moves the model from the Preview tab to the Model tab.

► Move to Preview tab: Moves the model from the Model tab to the Preview tab.

View Modes: Contains the toggles to switch between part mode and list mode.

► Graphical View: Objects are displayed graphically and can be edited by double-clicking
on an object in the model tree or the canvas.

► Edit Objects/Parts in Table: Objects are displayed as a list and can be edited by
selecting an object in the model tree.

Toolboxes: Contains the toggles to display each of the available toolboxes.

► File: File toolbox contains the commands used to open, save, or export a model.

► Edit: Edit toolbox contains the commands used to modify a model.

► View: View toolbox contains the commands used to zoom or rotate a model.

► Builder: Builder toolbox contains the commands used to build components and features.

► Selection: Selection toolbox contains the available selection modes.

► Dimension: Dimension toolbox contains command associated with creating dimensions

and reference datum's used for dimensioning.

► Run: Rum toolbox contains the command to access Case Setup.

► Tools: Tools toolbox contains commands for user options

► Window: Window toolbox contains the command to modify the pan layout.

► Customize Toolboxes: Opens the customize toolbox window which allows customized
toolboxes to be created that contain any of the menu operations that are available in
COOL3D. These toolboxes will be saved with the application. When toolboxes have
been created, they will display in the View>Toolboxes menu below this option. To
show/hide a particular toolbox, simply click on the toolbox name.

Builder Menu
The builder menu contains all the operations used to build components and features. It also contains
operations that can be done on components to build the complete model.

Add Object: Contains the available objects.

► Flow Space... : Creates a flow space where the geometry is defined by the user. This
specifies the air domain of the model, and must be created before the model can be

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exported to GT-ISE. For more information see the help for the 'COOLFlowSpace'
template.

► Flow Space Simple... : Creates a simple flow space where the geometry is automatically
defined by the components in the model. This specifies the air domain of the model, and
must be created before the model can be exported to GT-ISE. For more information see
the help for the 'COOLFlowSpaceSimple' template.

► Heat Exchanger… : Creates a heat exchanger. For more information see the help for the
'COOLHeatExchanger' template.

► Heat Addition… : Creates a heat addition. For more information see the help for the
'COOLHeatAddition' template.

► Fan… : Creates a fan. For more information see the help for the 'COOLFan' template.

► Blockage… : Creates a blockage. For more information see the help for the
'COOLBlockage' template.

► Duct… : Creates a duct. For more information see the help for the 'COOLDuct' template.

► Flow Resistance… : Creates a flow resistance (pressure drop) plane. For more
information see the help for the 'COOLFlowResistance' template.

Add Feature: Contains the available features.

► Flow Opening… : Creates a flow opening (i.e. flow boundary condition). For more
information see the help for the 'FlowOpening' template.

► Sensor… : Creates a sensor to sense flow conditions (i.e. pressure, temperature, etc).
For more information see the help for the 'SensorConn3D' template.

► Actuator… : Creates an actuator to actuate quantities of the flow system. For more
information see the help for the 'ActuatorConn3D' template.

► Hole With Volume… : Creates a hole in a blockage that includes the fluid volume. For
more information see the help for the 'HoleVolume' template.

► Hole With Flaps or No Volume… : Creates a hole that will have no fluid volume, or a
flap. For more information see the help for the 'HoleVolumeZero' template.

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 COOL3D Menu Items

► Hole With COOL* Object… : Creates a hole in a blockage that is taken up by some other
COOL* object (heat exchanger, heat addition, or fan). For more information see the help
for the 'HoleVolumeObject' template.

Add Discretization Plane: Contains the available discretization plane operations.

► Discretization Plane… : Creates a discretization plane that belongs to the flow space for
additional slices along the normal direction. For more information see the help for the
'DiscretizationPlane' template.

Transformations: Contains the available move and rotate operations.

► Translation... : Moves a component a specified distance. For more information see the
help for the Translation dialog.
► Assembly Rotation: Rotates an entire assembly in a specified plane. For more
information see the help for the Assembly Rotation dialog.

Slicer Menu
The slicer menu contains the available operations used to operate on imported shapes. These operations
are restricted for use on mesh components such as mesh shapes and mesh flowsplits.

Marking: Allows sections of mesh shapes to be marked (painted). When

this operation is clicked, the mouse cursor will change to denote the
marking mode and the mark tolerance dialog window (seen here to the
right) will open. Clicking on a section of a mesh shape will mark the
surface according to the edge detection angle specified in the mark
tolerance window. This angle represents the detection angle between
adjacent triangles that will cause a mark operation to stop. An angle of 0°
represents a very strict criteria where adjacent surfaces have to be exactly
parallel (0 angle between them) to be marked. An angle of 90° represents
full freedom where adjacent surfaces can be at any angle, essentially
marking the entire mesh shape. The detection angle can be changed using
the slider in the window. There are also 3 existing levels described below
that can be set by the buttons on the left side of the window. The mark
operation can be canceled by pressing the Esc key, the cancel operation
button, closing the mark tolerance dialog, or clicking on the mark
operation button.

Mark Surface: Sets the edge detection angle to 35°. This will make each click mark an entire
surface of the mesh shape. This is typically used to mark continuous surface sections on a
mesh shape. This may typically be used to mark large smooth sections that have a sharp
discontinuity to an adjacent surface. This option may provide an easier method than the
cutting plane in some circumstances. A common example may be an inlet pipe that is flush
where it enters a large volume.

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Mark Face: Sets the edge detection angle to 5°. This will make each click mark an entire
face of the mesh shape. This is typically used to mark flat surfaces on a mesh shape that need
to be removed. A common example may be caps on the end of flow paths.
Mark Triangle: Sets the edge detection angle to 0°. This will make each click mark a single
triangle of the mesh shape.

Undo Marking: Undoes the last mark operation. This operation can be used sequentially to undo
multiple mark operations that were done in a row.

Redo Marking: Redoes the last mark operation. This operation can be used sequentially to redo
multiple mark operations that were done in a row.

Local Cutting Plane: Allows a local cutting plane to be placed on the model that is perpendicular
(normal) to the estimated flow direction in that section. This is a very specific operation that is
designed to cut pipe-like mesh shapes. When this operation is clicked, a point on any mesh shape
may be selected. After this point is selected, a local cutting plane will be placed perpendicular to
the estimated flow direction in the mesh shape. The cutting plane will be shown on the model as a
small, transparent green plane. Pressing the Esc key or the cancel operation button at any time will
cancel the creation of the local cutting plane.
• Clicking on the plane and dragging the mouse will translate the local cutting plane along the
flow path of the particular mesh shape. As the plane is dragged, it will maintain its
perpendicular orientation based on the current position of the plane.
• All other graphical operations (rotation, translation, zoom, etc.) can be done with a local
cutting plane on the model.

Cutting Plane: Allows a cutting plane to be placed on the model based on the selection of 3 points
to define the plane. When this operation is clicked, the mouse cursor will change to a cross and any
point on a mesh shape can be selected. 3 points must be selected. These 3 points will then
uniquely define a plane to be used as the cutting plane. After the third point is selected, the cutting
plane will be shown on the model along with an arrow normal to the plane and the Cutting Plane
Control Window will open. Pressing the Esc key or the cancel operation button at any time will
cancel the creation of the cutting plane.
• Clicking on the plane and dragging the mouse will translate the cutting plane.
• Clicking on the tips of the arrow and dragging the mouse will rotate the cutting plane.
• Clicking on the base of the arrow (the ball at the intersection with the plane) and dragging the
mouse changes the center of rotation.
• All other graphical operations (rotation, translation, zoom, etc.) can be done with a cutting
plane on the model.

Restore Cutting Plane: Places a cutting plane in the same location and orientation as the last
cutting plane that was used. This cutting plane is exactly like the operation above and can be
rotated and translating into position. This is intended to provide an easy way to create a cutting
plane based on the last location so that only simple rotations and/or translations can be used to
position this plane for the next cut.

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Clip: Clips a mesh shape(s) into multiple mesh shapes. This operation should be used in
conjunction with the local cutting plane, cutting plane, or mark operations. Before this operation is
enabled a cutting plane must be present on the model or at least 1 section must be marked. If
marked sections exist, then clicking this operation will separate the marked sections from the
original mesh shape and make new mesh shapes out of them. If a cutting plane exists, then 1 or
more mesh shapes must be selected to enable the clip operation. Then, clicking this operation will
cut all selected mesh shapes at the cutting plane and make new mesh shapes from the sections. If a
local cutting plane exists, then clicking this operation will cut only the mesh shape that the local
cutting plane was created on.

Delete: Deletes any currently painted sections in the model. This works in a similar way to the clip
operation, except this operation deletes the section after separating it from the original mesh shape.

Separate by Curves: This operation will separate a single mesh shape into many mesh shapes.
This operation is enabled when a single mesh shape is selected. Clicking this operation will then
separate the mesh shape. To separate the mesh shape COOL3D identifies where adjacent triangles
do not actually share the same vertex points. Whenever this occurs, the adjacent triangles will be
assigned to a different mesh shape. This is done throughout the entire model file and the
appropriate number of mesh shapes are created depending on how many adjacent triangles do not
share vertex points. This is a very powerful option to automatically divide large imported files.
This operation should be used whenever an imported shape consists of more than a couple of parts.
This operation will not always be successful and may not always produce the expected result.
However, the amount of time this operation can save on large models makes the operation
worthwhile. If the result is not desired, then this operation can be undone using the undo command.

Select All Meshes: This operation selects all mesh shapes in the model. This may typically be
used after placing a cutting plane so that all mesh shapes are included in a clip operation.

Filter Meshes: Passes all the mesh shapes in the model through a filter to help determine which
ones are actual components. For more information see the help for the Filter Meshes dialog.

Merge Meshes: This operation will merge (combine) multiple mesh shapes into a single mesh
shape. To enable this operation each mesh shape to be merged must first be selected. Once
multiple mesh shapes are selected, this operation will merge them together. In order for mesh
shapes to be merged, they must share a common boundary. If they do not, then they cannot be
merged together.

Convert Shape to Component : This operation is used to convert mesh shapes

('GEMMeshShape') and solid shapes ('GEMSolidShape') into GEM3D components. Shapes cannot
be discretized by GEM3D, and thus all shapes that are required in the discretized model must first
be converted into GEM3D components. More information about converting shapes can be found in
the help for the Convert Shape to Component dialog.

De-convert Component: This operation will convert an existing GEM3D component back into the
original mesh shape ('GEMMeshShape') or solid shape ('GEMSolidShape') that it was created from.

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This operation is only available if the selected component was created from a shape and the "Allow
Mesh Deconversion" option is checked in Tools>Options>Conversion. A GEM3D component that
was created from a shape can be identified by a small black diamond in the upper left hand corner
of the icon in the tree.

Remove Deconversion Data: This operation will remove the original mesh data that is required
for a deconversion operation (see above). This would operate on any GEM components that were
converted from imported shapes ('GEMMeshShape' or 'GEMSolidShape') and have deconversion
data available. The operation can remove the data from a single component, a selected subset, or
all components. Since the mesh data must be maintained and handled, this will increase both
memory usage and computational speed. If the response of the application is slow, then removing
the deconversion data will potentially improve the speed and memory usage. If the response is
normal, then there is no need to remove the deconversion data.

Patch Mesh Ports: This operation will physically patch open ports of a mesh shape. Any port of a
mesh shape that is not to be used should be patched to provide a better conversion. The ports do
not have to be patched, but if the conversion fails, then patching the unused ports may solve the
problem and allow the mesh shape to be converted. To start the patching operation, click this
button. This will identify the open ports of all mesh shapes. To patch a port, just click on it with
the mouse button. Pressing this button again, the Esc key, or the cancel operation button at any
time will cancel the patching operation.

Convert Solid to Mesh: This operation is used to convert solid shapes ('GEMSolidShape') into
mesh shapes ('GEMMeshShape'). Solid shapes do not currently support all the
slicing/meshing/sectioning operations that are available in GEM (on the Slicer menu). Therefore, if
a particular slicing operation is required, this operation can be used to convert the solid shape into a
mesh shape so the slicing operation can be used. While the opposite conversion can't be done,
mesh shapes can be converted directly into GEM flow components using the Convert Shape to
Component dialog.

Selection Menu
The selection mode menu contains the available selection modes. Due to the more complex 3D models in
COOL3D, it is more difficult to click on particular parts. Selection modes make it easier to click on
particular types of parts because it will only recognize those types of parts, while ignoring other types.
This can be very powerful when used correctly with complex models. It can also cause confusion as the
current selection mode may not allow selection of particular parts even though the mouse cursor is over
the part. To help avoid this type of confusion, there is a general selection mode. It is recommended that
the user always use general selection mode unless they otherwise need a more specific selection.

General: General selection mode enables different selection abilities depending on the current
operation in COOL3D. Depending on the state of COOL3D (what operation is done), general
selection mode will enable the selection of parts that can (and are allowed) be used in that
operation. This avoids confusion by only allowing parts to be selected that can be used in the
operation. Once the operation is finished, general selection will now allow selection of other
parts.

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Body: Body selection mode enables selection of components, features, and datum planes.

Quick Drill: Quick Drill selection mode works like Body selection mode, except the
'COOLFlowSpace' is ignored during the selection process.

Control Elements: Control Elements selection mode enables selection of control points, control
lines, datum planes, dimensions, and annotations.

Disable: Disables all selection abilities so that clicking on any part in map view only results in
panning and rotating the model.

Drill Mode: Drill mode allows selection of components and features that are inside or below other
components. This works in conjunction with the current selection mode. When selected, drill
mode makes any selection with the mouse return a list of all components or features that were
intersected with the mouse click location. The particular component or feature can then be
selected or edited from this list. Clicking on the component or feature name will highlight the
part in the graphical window. Selecting this operation again will exit drill mode. A drill down
selection can also be done without using this menu item by holding down the Alt key and using
the left mouse button [Alt + left mouse button].

Unselect All: This operation will unselect all components and features that may be selected.

Dimensions Menu
The dimensions menu contains the dimension commands.

Automatic Component Dimension Mode: Shows the automatic dimensions for components and
features. Currently this is only supported for particular components and features. To see the
automatic dimensions simply click this option, and then select the component or feature. To see
the automatic dimensions for other components or features, simply select them with the mouse.
To stop showing the automatic dimensions, simply click this option again.

Measure Distance: Creates a distance dimension between 2 selected elements. The distance
dimension that is created will depend on which types of elements are selected. Refer to the table
below for what distance dimension will be created for each selection pair.

Distance Components Datum planes

Dimensions
Straight distance Straight distance
from center point from component
Components of each origin. center point origin
to center point of
datum plane.

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Normal distance
Datum planes between parallel
planes.

Display/Hide Automatic Control Points: Toggle to show or hide control points for a single
component or for a group of components. Since this operation can operate on multiple components,
the actual operation depends on the current selection.
• If a single component is selected, it will display the control points for the single component. If
that component's control points are already displayed, then this will hide the control points.
• If no component is selected, then this option would display the control points for all
components in the model. If ANY components already have control points displayed, this
option would hide ALL control points.
• If multiple components are selected, this option would show all control points for all selected
components (and vice versa). If ANY of the selected components already have control points
shown, then this would hide ALL control points.

Internal Volume…: Calculates the volume of the currently selected components and opens the
volume calculation dialog window. For more information see the help for the Volume
Calculation dialog.

Setup Menu
The setup menu gives access to Case Setup where the parameters in the model are defined.

Case Setup: Used to specify values for each parameter created in the model. For more
information see the help for the 'casesetup' menu.

Tools Menu
The tools menu contains general operations as well as the application properties.

Stop Current Operation: Cancels the current operation. [Keyboard hotkey = Escape]

Model Validation Check... : This option performs a validation check on the entire model. This
includes validating the shape of each component, the relationship to other components, and
checks for interference in the model. If the model validation fails a message window will open
that contains messages related to why the validation failed.

Compare files... : It is often useful and/or necessary to compare similar *.ghx files. The user is
constantly changing model attributes during the course of creating and running models. The
"Compare files…" tool displays all of the parts that have dissimilar attributes between the two
*.ghx files.

After selecting "Compare files…" from the Tools menu the user will be required to select a
second *.ghx file for comparison. COOL3D allows the user to select another *.ghx currently
open or to browse for one. Once the second *.ghx file is selected a dialog box pops up with a tree
displaying all of the parts that are different between the two models. The user can select a
specific part and the difference between the two similar parts will be listed in the table at the

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bottom of the dialog box. The user then has the option of printing out the results in ASCII (*.txt)
or HTML (*.html) format or exiting the dialog box.

GT-ISE: Starts the GT-ISE application.

GT-SPACECLAIM: Starts the GT-SPACECLAIM application. More information can be found in

the GT-SPACECLAIM Manual or Tutorial.

Change Default Template Units... : Launches the Default Attribute Unit Replacement Wizard
dialog window which allows the user to globally change the units of a given category inside
selected templates.

Options... : Opens the application options dialog window allowing modification of the local
application properties. For information regarding the specific options available see the help for
the Tools>Options dialog.

Window Menu
The window menu contains options on how the COOL3D model windows and trees will display on the
screen.

Tile Horizontally: Tiles the model tree windows horizontally.

Tile Vertically: Tiles the model tree windows vertically.

Maximize Selected: Maximizes the current model tree.

Maximize/Restore View Pane: Maximizes and restores the graphical window. This essentially
hides the model tree. This can be used provide more screen area for the graphical window when
making presentations or giving demonstrations. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+M]

Tile With Template Library: Open the template library with it tiled to the left of the model
window.

Next Tab: Places focus on the model in the next tab. [Keyboard hotkey = Ctrl+Tab]

Previous Tab: Places focus on the model in the previous tab. [Keyboard hotkey =
Ctrl+Shift+Tab]

Help Menu
The help menu contains options related to getting help with using the COOL3D application.

Help Topics: This will open the Help for the COOL3D application. [Keyboard hotkey = F1]

View Change Log: This will open a document that lists the changes, new features, and
enhancements since the last build or version of GT-SUITE.

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Update from GT Webserver: This will open a dialog window to contact the web server to update
GT-SUITE to the latest build.

Visit GT Website: This will open the Gamma Technologies website (www.gtisoft.com) in the
default web browser.

Visit Training Classes Website: This will open the Gamma Technologies Training Classes
website (https://www.gtisoft.com/events/trainings-and-seminars/) in the default web browser.

Test 3D Performance: This will open a dialog window to perform a series of tests to ensure the
hardware is capable of running 3D applications and features.

Mail to GT Support: This will compose an email to the Gamma Technologies support account
([email protected]) in the default mail client.

Tutorials: This will open a dialog window for all of the Tutorials in GT-SUITE. Any GT-SUITE
tutorial can be opened as a .pdf document with this feature.

Manuals: This will open a dialog window to give access to the User Manuals that explain the
theory behind GT-SUITE. It also includes tips and modeling techniques as well.

About GT-SUITE: This will open the about GT-SUITE dialog window that contains information
regarding the installation, version and build numbers, and licensing. This is very useful
information when sending support inquiries to GT. Please include a screenshot of this window
when requesting support because this may speed up the response time.

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CHAPTER 3: COOL3D Dialogs

The COOL3D dialogs section contains information on operations in COOL3D that require user
interaction but do not have a template. For each dialog entry, a description of the operation is given as
well as details about each item that is available from the dialog window. These descriptions are the same
text that can be found in the context help for each dialog window. The context help can be viewed while
using COOL3D by clicking the help button in each specific dialog window.

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COOL3D Dialogs

Assembly Rotation – Rotates an entire assembly of connected

components
This operation is used to rotate a set of components.

1) To begin an assembly rotation, first select the component to rotate, and then click the Assembly
Rotation operation.

2a) If the selected component is only connected at 1 location, then that datum plane will be used and the
component rotation dialog window will be opened directly.

2b) If the selected component is connected at more than 1 location (connection datum plane) then
COOL3D will request that the user select the connection datum plane in which to rotate the component
before opening the dialog window.

3) Specify the angle to rotate the selected component. The assembly rotation operation makes the current
orientation of the component the 0 point. Therefore, the angle specified in the dialog window is relative
to the 0 point, or the original location of the components.

Assembly rotation from reference

Angle Specifies the angle to rotate the component in the selected datum plane.
This angle is relative to the original orientation of the component before
the assembly rotation operation was started.

4) Click OK or Apply to finish the rotation. The rotation will be performed by rotating the selected
component in the selected connection datum plane. Any other components(s) connected to the selected
component will be rotated as well to maintain any connection relationships.

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COOL3D Dialogs

Case Setup – Organizes cases and defines parameters

Case Setup is used to specify values for each parameter. Parameters are variables that are assigned by the
user to attributes as the model is being built. (A parameter is designated by enclosing a parameter name
in [square brackets] where variable data would normally be entered.) Parameters are typically used for
two purposes:
• An attribute that will be changed frequently should be made a parameter so that it can be entered
conveniently in Case Setup. Case Setup provides a common window to enter such data as well as
provide a means of discretizing several model iterations at one time by assigning several different
values to a given parameter.
• If several parameters in different components should have the same value, the same parameter name
can be used in all of the attributes. Therefore, if a change needs to be made to this common value
later, the change will need to be made in only one place. One limitation of this feature is that the unit
types are checked to make sure they are consistent. For example, a parameter that is used to define a
diameter (unit of length) may not be used to define an area (unit of length squared).

All of the parameters in the model will be listed automatically in Case Setup and each one must be
defined for the first case of the model. Starting with the second case (the second column), only
parameters that have different values than the previous case need to be filled. A check box at the top of
each case allows the user to choose the cases that are desired to be discretized when the Export .gtm
operation is done.

The asterisk (*) is a special character that is allowed within Case Setup to signify that the parameter value
will be set by a different model file (.gtm). The asterisk (*) is only allowed for parameters that are used
for attributes that do NOT affect the model geometry. When the model file is discretized, each parameter
that has a value of asterisk (*) will get a value of asterisk (*) in the resulting .gtm model file. For more
information on how the asterisk is handled in Case Setup of GT-ISE model files (.gtm), see the GT-ISE
Case Setup help.

Active Case Specifies the case number to be used when drawing the model in the
graphical window. Only a single geometry can be drawn in the graphical
window at a given time, and this drop down specifies which case to use
to get the geometry. To update the graphical window after changing
the Active Case, the Apply or OK button must be pressed.
Case Label Specifies a shortened, case specific, version of the legend. This specified
label here will essentially be directly copied to the Case Label field in the
Case Setup in GT-ISE. For more information about the proper use of the
Case Label, see the GT-ISE Case Setup help.

Using Functions and Operators

Case Setup in COOL3D has all the same capability to use formulas and operators as Case Setup in GT-
ISE. These operations are listed below. For a full description of these operations and how they work, see
the GT-ISE Case Setup help.

cos, sin, tan(θ) acos, asin, atan() pi() sqr, sqrt()

min, max(a,b) floor, ceil() exp(a) ln()

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log10() logn(a,y) if(condition,a,b)

Operators: + , - , / , * , ^
Scientific Notation Examples: 1.2E-4 , 0.03E4 , 0.56E+4

Any cell can reference a cell to the left of it simply by typing in the command "=[<n]", where n is a
positive integer which represents the number of cells to the left in the same row. Additionally a cell can
reference another parameter for the same case. The button called Show Formula allows the user to see
the formula that has been entered or likewise, the value of the equation.

Modifying Strings of Text: Strings of text and numbers can be prepended or appended by inserting the
name of a parameter in brackets. For example, if [RPM] = 1500, entering "[RPM]press.txt" will return
the string "1500press.txt". This feature is especially useful when specifying external file names that
utilize specific naming conventions.

Fixed Digit Integers: To specify a specific number of digits displayed before or after a decimal, the
following convention may be used in Case Setup: [parameter_name%a,b], where parameter_name is the
name of a parameter that represents a real number, a is a non-negative integer specifying the minimum
number of digits to the left of the decimal, and b is a non-negative integer specifying the exact number of
decimals to the right.

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COOL3D Dialogs

Convert Shape to Component – Converts an Imported Shape into a

COOL3D component
This operation is used to convert a solid shape ('GEMSolidShape') or mesh shape ('GEMMeshShape') into
a COOL3D3D component. This must be done for all mesh shapes that need to be discretized because a
mesh shape will not be discretized during an Export .gtm operation.

Convert Mesh
Convert to Specifies the type of flow component that the imported shape will be
converted into. Available components include:
• Flow Space: Specifies the mesh shape will be converted into a flow
space ('COOLFlowSpace').
• Blockage: Specifies the mesh shape will be converted into a
blockage ('COOLBlockage').

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Convert Shape Wizard: Flowspace Conversion

COOLFlowSpace
The conversion to 'COOLFlowSpace'. All detected ports are automatically neglected when converting to
a Flow Space. A closed volume will be the result of this conversion

Cross Section Type • Create cross sections creates a series of cross sections to
approximate the imported shape. These cross sections can be
customized, see the sections below for more details
• Use Imported Shape will use the existing geometry as the Flow
Space shape. This option is only available when the original
geometry is imported as a Solid Shape.
Cross Section Definition: • Automatic will detect cross sections automatically.
• Custom allows the location of each cross section to be specified by
the user. Clicking this option will display the appropriate number of
sections (given below) on the shape in the graphical window. Each
cross section can then be placed at a custom location along the Major
Axis by clicking and dragging with the mouse. Cross sections can be
removed by right-clicking on the sections and choosing remove
plane. Cross sections can be added by right-clicking on the sections
and choosing add plane.
Note: When using this option along with the Custom axis option
for the Major Axis, the Custom axis cannot be changed. This
option must be disabled to change the Custom Axis.
This option can be used to reduce the number of cross sections
needed to describe the shape accurately. Typically, shell shapes are
complicated such that if cross sections are evenly spaced, it would
require many, many cross sections to accurately describe the shape.
By using this custom option and placing the cross sections at
strategic locations along the shape, it greatly reduces the number of
cross section needed to describe the shape. This has the benefit of
making the resulting flow space easier to work with.
Specify Cross Sections These options are only available with "Create cross sections":
• Vertices per section: Specifies the number of radial points to be
used on all cross sections to define their shapes. These points will be
spaced in equal angular increments around the center of the cross-
section (e.g. if 90 vertices are chosen, there will be one point every 4
degrees). The number chosen should be sufficiently large to
accurately define the shape of any cross section of the flow space.
The number of vertices requested must be between 10 and 200. The
default value is 30.
• Number of sections: Specifies the number of cross sections that
will be taken between the flow space ends. The number of cross
sections requested must be between 4 and 200. The cross sections
will be taken along the X axis. The cross sections will be evenly

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spaced along the X axis, unless the Cross Section Definition option
Custom is used. The number of cross sections chosen should be
sufficiently large to accurately define the shape of the flow space.
The cross sections at the ends of the converted flow space component
will be modeled by taking the cross section of the shape at 5% of the
length from the end cross section and the next closest one.
Therefore, if geometry very close to the end of the shape needs to be
modeled, two cross sections need to be positioned very close to one
another at the ends.
• Conversion tolerance: The tolerance controls the numerical
scheme used in the converter. The value must be between "0" and
"1". The default value of 0.01 (1.0%) will be sufficient for most
shape conversions. If the conversion routine fails, the above
attributes should be varied to see if the shape can be successfully
converted. If the conversion routine still fails, increasing the
tolerance may solve the problem and allow a successful conversion.
This should only be done as a last resort since a larger tolerance can
cause other problems for calculations after the shape is converted.

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Convert Shape Wizard: Blockage Conversion

COOLBlockage
The conversion to 'COOLFlowSpace'. All detected ports are automatically neglected when converting to
a Blockage. A closed volume will be the result of this conversion

Cross Section Type • Create cross sections creates a series of cross sections to
approximate the imported shape. These cross sections can be
customized, see the sections below for more details
• Use Imported Shape will use the existing geometry as the Flow
Space shape. This option is only available when the original
geometry is imported as a Solid Shape.
Cross Section Definition: • Automatic will detect cross sections automatically.
• Custom allows the location of each cross section to be specified by
the user. Clicking this option will display the appropriate number of
sections (given below) on the shape in the graphical window. Each
cross section can then be placed at a custom location along the Major
Axis by clicking and dragging with the mouse. Cross sections can be
removed by right-clicking on the sections and choosing remove
plane. Cross sections can be added by right-clicking on the sections
and choosing add plane.
Note: When using this option along with the Custom axis option
for the Major Axis, the Custom axis cannot be changed. This
option must be disabled to change the Custom Axis.
This option can be used to reduce the number of cross sections
needed to describe the shape accurately. Typically, shell shapes are
complicated such that if cross sections are evenly spaced, it would
require many, many cross sections to accurately describe the shape.
By using this custom option and placing the cross sections at
strategic locations along the shape, it greatly reduces the number of
cross section needed to describe the shape. This has the benefit of
making the resulting flow space easier to work with.
Specify Cross Sections These options are only available with "Create cross sections":
• Vertices per section: Specifies the number of radial points to be
used on all cross sections to define their shapes. These points will be
spaced in equal angular increments around the center of the cross-
section (e.g. if 90 vertices are chosen, there will be one point every 4
degrees). The number chosen should be sufficiently large to
accurately define the shape of any cross section of the blockage. The
number of vertices requested must be between 10 and 200. The
default value is 30.
• Number of sections: Specifies the number of cross sections that
will be taken between the flow space ends. The number of cross
sections requested must be between 4 and 200. The cross sections
will be taken along the X axis. The cross sections will be evenly

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spaced along the X axis, unless the Cross Section Definition option
Custom is used. The number of cross sections chosen should be
sufficiently large to accurately define the shape of the blockage.
The cross sections at the ends of the converted blockage component
will be modeled by taking the cross section of the shape at 5% of the
length from the end cross section and the next closest one.
Therefore, if geometry very close to the end of the shape needs to be
modeled, two cross sections need to be positioned very close to one
another at the ends.
• Conversion tolerance: The tolerance controls the numerical
scheme used in the converter. The value must be between "0" and
"1". The default value of 0.01 (1.0%) will be sufficient for most
shape conversions. If the conversion routine fails, the above
attributes should be varied to see if the shape can be successfully
converted. If the conversion routine still fails, increasing the
tolerance may solve the problem and allow a successful conversion.
This should only be done as a last resort since a larger tolerance can
cause other problems for calculations after the shape is converted.

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COOL3D Dialogs

Cross Section Editor – 2D editor used to create and modify custom

cross sections
This editor is used to create and modify custom cross section shapes. This is done by drawing points in a
2D graphical window that are connected by straight lines to represent the shape.

The graphical window in the editor displays the current cross section (will be empty for a new cross
section). The local cross section axis is drawn at the origin (0,0) to aid in building the cross section. A
ruler is displayed at the top and left side of the graphical window to show the size of the graphical
window. The current unit for the cross section is shown in the upper left corner of the graphical window.
A coordinate indicator is shown in the upper right corner to show the current mouse location relative to
the origin. The cross section can be moved in the graphical window by using the slider bars or by holding
the shift key while pressing and holding the left mouse button and moving the mouse.

Defining an Anchor Point: The anchor point of a custom cross section is the reference
point that will exist on the same extrusion line when cross sections are used to build
components. The anchor point is set to the origin (X=0,Y=0) for new cross sections. The
Center Polygon operation (see below) can be used to set the anchor point of the cross
section to be the centroid (center of volume) of the shape. The anchor point is used when
the custom cross section is used to build components, as the anchor point will line up
with the anchor points of other pre-defined and/or custom cross sections.

The commands used to create and modify the shape are available on the toolbar above the graphical
window.

Undo: Undoes the last operation. This operation can be used sequentially to undo multiple
operations that were done in a row.

Redo: Undoes the last operation. This operation can be used sequentially to undo multiple
operations that were done in a row.

Toggle Snap to Grid: Toggles the display of the grid. This also toggles the snap to grid option for
points. When the grid is on, points placed or moved in the editor will snap to the nearest grid
location. When the grid is off, then no snapping of points will occur.

Toggle Grid: Toggles the display of the grid. This also toggles the snap to grid option for points.
When the grid is on, points placed or moved in the editor will snap to the nearest grid location.
When the grid is off, then no snapping of points will occur.

Move Group: Allows the entire cross section to be moved.

Add Point/Line: Allows new points to be added to the cross section. When checked, clicking in the
editor graphical window will place a point. An auto complete feature exists so that when future
points are placed, a straight line will connect them to the last created point. To close the cross

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COOL3D Dialogs

section, simply click on an existing point and a line will be created from the last point to the
selected point, thus closing the shape. When not checked, no points can be placed making it easier
to select and move parts of the cross section.

Add Arc: Allows an arc be added to the cross section. When checked, an arc can be added to the
cross section by clicking 3 points. The first point will be used as the center of the arc. The second
point selected will be used as the starting point for the arc. If this is not an existing point, then the
auto complete feature will connect the last created point with this point using a straight line. The
third point selected will be used as the end of the arc. Pressing and holding the control (ctrl) key
will cause the arc to point in the opposite direction.

Delete: Deletes the current selection. This will delete the selected line or point from the cross
section. Deleting a line simply removes the line. Deleting a point will also remove the 2 lines
connected to this point.

Clear All: Clears the graphical window. This is equivalent to deleting all points and lines of the
current cross section.

Validate Drawing: Validates the current cross section shape. This checks the shape to make sure it
does not have any errors and is well formed. This option can also automatically close a shape by
connecting the last placed point to the first point.

Zoom In: Zooms in on the cross section. [Keyboard hotkey = NumPad +]

Zoom Out: Zooms out from the cross section. [Keyboard hotkey = NumPad -]

Zoom 1:1: Restores the zoom to the default level (1:1).

Fit to Screen: Centers the cross section and zooms to the appropriate level to fit the entire cross
section to the editor window.

Center Canvas: Centers the canvas on the origin without changing the zoom level.

Edit Polygon Vertices: Allows the points of the cross section to be built by giving the X' and Y'
coordinates of each point. This can also be used to modify, add, or delete points from an existing
cross section. For more information, see the help for Polygon Vertices command.

Show Area: Calculates the area of the current cross section.

Rotate: Rotates the cross section shape by a specified angle amount.

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Flip Horizontal: Flips the cross section horizontally.

Flip Vertical: Flips the cross section vertically.

Horizontal Symmetry: Mirrors the entire cross section horizontally across the Y axis. This will
essentially make a copy of the existing cross section and place it opposite the Y axis. This creates
symmetry in the horizontal direction.

Vertical Symmetry: Mirrors the entire cross section vertically across the X axis. This will
essentially make a copy of the existing cross section and place it opposite the X axis. This creates
symmetry in the vertical direction.

Center Polygon: Centers the polygon by making the anchor point the center of volume and moving
that anchor point to the origin.

Unit: Drop down menu specifying the units for the cross sections. Choices include m, cm, mm, in,
and ft.

Configure Ruler: Allows the ruler spacing to be manually specified.

Set Anchor Point: Allow the anchor point for the cross section to be manually specified. The
anchor point is where all location, translation, and rotation operations will be measured.

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COOL3D Dialogs

Cutting Plane Control Window – Controls the direction and orientation

of the cutting plane
This control window allows the cutting plane to be manipulated in a specific direction or orientation. The
cutting plane can still be controlled graphically using the mouse.

Cutting plane control

Location Shows a real-time counter of the current X, Y, and Z location of the
center of the cutting plane in the default unit (the ball of the arrow where
it intersects the cutting plane).
Orientation Shows a real-time counter of the current X, Y, and Z direction of the
cutting plane as a unit vector (direction the head of the arrow is pointing).
Translate Slider bar that will translate the cutting plane along the current
orientation. Clicking outside of the control window will reset the
position of the slider. The plane will be translated by a specified amount
given by the setting of the Translate plane option below.
Rotate X Slider bar that will rotate the cutting plane about the X axis (in the YZ
plane). Clicking outside of the control window will reset the position of
the slider. The plane will be rotated by a specified amount given by the
setting of the Rotate plane option below.
Rotate Y Slider bar that will rotate the cutting plane about the Y axis (in the XZ
plane). Clicking outside of the control window will reset the position of
the slider. The plane will be rotated by a specified amount given by the
setting of the Rotate plane option below.
Rotate Z Slider bar that will rotate the cutting plane about the Z axis (in the XY
plane). Clicking outside of the control window will reset the position of
the slider. The plane will be rotated by a specified amount given by the
setting of the Rotate plane option below.
Translate plane Drop down option that determines how far the cutting plane translates
with each move of the Translate slider above. The amount is given in
units since the absolute amount will depend on the current default unit
selection of the length. Allowed values range from 0.1 to 5.
Rotate plane Drop down option that determines how far the cutting plane rotates with
each move of the Rotate sliders above. Allowed values range from 1 to
10.

Clip: This button will do the Clip operation. This will separate the selected component(s) along the
current location and orientation of the cutting plane.

Reset: This button will place the cutting plane back to its original position based on the 3 selected points
that created it, effectively resetting the position of the cutting plane.

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 Export gtm
COOL3D Dialogs

Export gtm – Export model file (*.gtm) for use in GT-ISE

This operation is used to discretize the COOL3D model and export a *.gtm model file for use with GT-
SUITE.

Discretization
Model license type The file type, GT-SUITE or GT-SUTIE-MP, for the discretized .gtm
model.
Output file name Specifies the file name and location of the *.gtm file to be exported.
Also allows a browse feature to choose the location and file name of the
exported *.gtm file. By default the COOL3D model name will be used
as the output file name.
Append to file name Select an option below to adjust the filename of the discretized model
(multiple cases) when working with multiple cases.
• Use Case Number – The case number will be appended to the
Output file name with the format of <filename>_#.gtm.
• Use Case Legend – The case label (found in Case Setup) will be
appended to the Output file name with the format of
<filename>_CaseLabel.gtm.

Advanced Options
Use improved fan When checked, fans in COOL3D will be discretized to conserve the
discretization rule volume and flow area swept by the fan, along with changing the flow
multiplier that is calculated for each fan element. The flow multiplier
that is calculated is directly proportional to the flow area of the fan
element.

Preview Options
Preview options Specifies the type of preview option used to display the discretization
preview in the graphical window. The discretization preview will
discretize any shells in the model and figure out how many flowsplits are
needed. Then, it will display all the flowsplits needed in the graphical
window according to this preview option. Available preview options
include:
Show cube displays each flowsplit as a separate cube. The size of the
cube is proportional to the discretization length of the shell. All the
cubes in a particular chamber will be displayed as the same color.
Show cube with volume displays each flowsplit as a separate cube with
different brightness. A lighter colored cube represented a larger
percentage of the cube's volume being inside the shell. A darker cube
represents a smaller percentage.
Show cube with mesh line displays both the cubes and the mesh lines.

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Show mesh line displays lines that represent the edges of each flowsplit.
Show mesh face displays planes (faces) the represent the division
between flowsplits.
Show mesh face and line displays both the mesh faces and lines.
Cube transparency level Specifies the transparency level used when drawing the preview cubes
(%) (when using the cube preview option). 0 indicates opaque (solid) and 90
indicates almost completely transparent.
Show model Toggle to display the model during a discretization preview. When
checked, the model objects will be shown in the graphical window with
the discretization preview. When not checked, the model objects will not
be shown.
Show air matrices Toggle to display the discretized cubes for the flow space during a
discretization preview. When checked, the flow space cubes will be
shown in the graphical window with the discretization preview. When
not checked, the cubes for the flow space will not be shown.
Show HX/HA matrices Toggle to display the discretized cubes of heat exchangers and heat
additions during the discretization preview. When checked, the heat
exchanger and heat addition cubes will be shown in the graphical
window with the discretization preview. When not checked, the cubes
for these objects will not be shown.

Although the discretization occurs automatically, it may be important for the user to understand how it is
performed. This section describes in general terms the rules that are used to discretize the COOL3D
model.

NOTE: Objects that are not checked in the model tree will not be included in the discretized model. In
order to include object in the discretization they must be checked.

Once the discretization parameters have been filled in, the flow space is divided into slices in the global
X-direction as air grids. Each air grid will begin and end in between object layers. Each slice is further
subdivided into rectangular sections based on the number of horizontal and vertical discretization cells.
This results in the flow space being divided up into many boxes that approximate the flow path area.
Once the number of rectangular sections is determined, the total volume in that slice (minus the volume of
any internal objects) is divided equally among the sections. An exception to this is when a rectangular
box overlaps an object, in which case the volume and area of that box is modified to represent the flow
path only (see Flowsplit acceptance ratio). The resulting 3D information is placed on the GT-SUITE
project map as 'MatrixFlowSplit' parts in a manner that visually represents their location in 3D space.
Flow elements within the flow space will be created as described in the following paragraphs, and will be
placed on the project map in the order they are found along the global X-axis.

It may be necessary to manually choose a discretization point along the flow direction (global X-
direction) for the flow space. This would provide the same discontinuity for the discretization that objects
do, however, without creating a physical division and disturbing the flow path. This is useful when more
detail is required in the flow space. To handle this, the discretization routine will use discretization planes

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('DiscretizationPlane' template) as a reference point when discretizing and start calculating a new air grid
in the flow direction perpendicular to the discretization plane.

Rather than discretize a 'COOLBlockage' object, the air grid in which it lies in is discretized to represent
an obstruction to flow. Any solid obstacle will prevent the connection of 'MatrixFlowSplit' objects
between adjoining air grids upstream and downstream from the blockage, as well as preventing any lateral
connections within the air grid to represent a solid object. Any openings in the blockage to represent
holes will allow the connection of subvolumes upstream, downstream, and laterally to model an opening
in the object. Additionally, any holes may have an attached 'FlowPDrop' to model the pressure loss
through an opening. This pressure loss will be scaled appropriately with a multiplier that is equivalent to
the available area of the cube divided by the total area of the opening.

The 'COOLFan' object is discretized according to the air grid where a flow path exists through the shroud.
If the flow path is through the fan, this results in a 'MatrixFan' object that contains the 3D information of
the parent object. A flow rate multiplier is imposed on each object to discretize the total flow into the
smaller elements. A sub-volume that includes part of the fan and part of the shroud, or hub, will have a
smaller flow rate multiplier for its subsequent discretized part, whereas a sub-volume that includes only
the fan will not. Additionally, an 'XYTableSimple' reference object can be used to normalize the radial
distribution of the air flow through the fan. This will result in another flow rate multiplier to be taken into
account. The sum of the flow rate multipliers will be 1. If the flow path is through a flap or hole, this
will result in connections representing the opening. If the opening is to be a hole, the connection to the
subvolumes on either side of the shroud will be a default orifice connection. If the opening is to be a flap,
the connection to the subvolumes on either side of the shroud will be a 'ValveCheckSimpleConn'.
Modifications to the Flowsplit acceptance ratio may change the number of fan elements and connections
created.

The 'COOLHeatAddition' object has its own discretization that the user defines separately from the
discretization of the flow space. When discretized, the volume and heat input is scaled proportionally to
the number of elements created in the 'MatrixHA' part to represent the full object. The sum of the total
pipe area and the total heat input of every discretized object will equal the parent object. Additionally, a
multiplier is used to scale the external pressure loss object for each sub-volume to model the pressure loss
through the discretized heat addition object.

The 'COOLHeatExchanger' object has its own discretization that the user defines separately from the
discretization of the flow space. Once discretized, a 'MatrixHx' part is created that contains the 3D
geometry to model the heat exchanger characteristics for both the internal and external sides.
Additionally, a multiplier is used to scale the external pressure loss object for each sub-volume to model
the pressure loss through the discretized heat exchanger object. A single pressure loss object is used to
model the internal pressure drop of the heat exchanger.

Any open ports in the model file that require a default connection will be connected to a subassembly
connection once it is discretized. If the open port requires a non-default connection, then this specific
connection part will be created in the *.gtm model file and not connected to anything. This will require a
connection to be made before it can be connected to a subassembly connection or used in a model.
Examples of this situation would be a pipe orifice at the end of a pipe attached to a heat exchanger to
define the coolant flow, or a rigid connection at the end of shaft for a fan to define the speed boundary
rotation.

Discretizing a model from the command line

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In some situations, it may be desirable to run the discretization of a model from a command line (i.e. a
DOS window on a PC and the command prompt in UNIX/Linux). To run the discretization from the
command line a complete .ghx file must be used. To start the discretization from the command line, type
the command below. For a PC, the case (capitalization) is not important, but on UNIX/Linux it is:

General format: cool3dc [OPTIONS] filename

Specific format: cool3dc -VM.m.s -o:filename.gtm -p:parametername=value filename.ghx
Example: cool3dc -V7.3.0 -o:output.gtm -p:diameter=50 model.ghx

Available [OPTIONS]:
-help Shows script help. This option is used only by itself, without other
options or a filename. For example, to use the help option one might
type cool3dc -h.
-VM.m.s Specifies the software version where M.m.s is the software version
desired in the format of MajorVersion.MinorVersion.SubMinorVersion,
for example, 7.3.0.
-o:filename Specifies the filename to be used for the output file created by COOL3D.
The output of this command will be a model file for use in GT-ISE, so a
.gtm extension is required. This option is not required. If no filename is
given, then the model file will receive the same name as the .ghx file
(just with a .gtm extension).
-p:parametername=value Specifies the parameter name and value to be used during the
discretization of the model. This can include any parameter defined in
case setup in the COOL3D model. The value must be a valid entry for
the particular attribute. Since there is no GUI to validate entries, if an
invalid value is used, the discretization will simply fail. Multiple
parameters can be changed by separating the entries with a colon (:) (-
p:param1=value1:param2=value2).
-m Specifies that a 3D model file (.ghx) will be created for each
configuration. The model file name will be taken from a configuration
file (if used) or the input COOL3D file. This option must be used
carefully as it may overwrite the existing .ghx file that was used as an
input. This option is ONLY intended to be used with the configuration
file option above.
-ac:# Specifies the active case of the input model file to be used during
discretization. If the input model file contains multiple cases, this option
specifies which case to use for all parameters values that are not passed
using the parameter name option above. If this option is not used, then
the current active case specified in the input model file will be used
-c:filename Specifies the filename to be used that has the different configurations that
are to be created during discretization. The extension of this file should
be text format (.txt). This file can include any attribute or object that
already exists in the COOL3D model. This option is useful when trying
to create multiple discretized models from a single COOL3D to test
different components, such as heat exchangers. The general format of

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the configuration file is below.

General format: Partname.AttributeShortName = Variable [Unit]

Partname This is the name given to the object in the model tree.
AttributeShortName This is the name of an attribute that is given by GT and is used by the
discretization routine. The short name of an attribute can be found by
clicking on the attribute name once.
Variable The new variable that is to be used for this configuration.
Unit If applicable, the unit of the new variable. This only applied to attributes
that have units assigned to them (ex. location).

An example of the configuration file format is below, along with a description of each line in { }. The
brackets are not needed when creating the configuration file.

Discretization.configuration = 1 {this is the start of a new case and is required}

Discretization.gtm = case1.gtm {output filename with .gtm extension of discretized model}
Flowspace.FLOWDX = 100 mm {global discretization of the X-axis}
Flowspace.FLOWDY = 100 mm {global discretization of the Y-axis}
Flowspace.FLOWDZ = 100 mm {global discretization of the Z-axis}
Flowspace.FSRATIO = 0.5 {acceptance ratio of the global discretization}
Radiator.LOCX = 250 mm {changing the X position of the Radiator object}
… …
Fan.state = off {remove the Fan object from the discretization}

Discretization.configuration = 2 {this is the start of a new case and is required}

Discretization = case2.gtm {output filename with .gtm extension of discretized model}
Radiator.NHXDX1 = 25 mm {axial discretization for the Radiator object}
Radiator.INITSTATE1 = Coolant_Initial {name of a new internal initial condition for the Radiator}
CAC.state = off {remove the CAC object from the discretization}
… …
OilCooler.state = on {add the OilCooler object to the discretization}

It is also possible to comment out lines in the configuration file so that they are not used during the
discretization. To comment out a configuration just add // before the line. The format is below.

General format: //Partname.AttributeShortName = Variable [Unit]

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 Export Image
COOL3D Dialogs

Export Image – Export graphical view(s) to an image file

This command is used to export the graphical views to an image file.

Export active view as Exports the currently active view to an image file.
image
Export all views in Exports all views in the graphical display to separate image files, 1 for
separate images each view.
Export all views in a Exports all views in the graphical display to a single image file. This
single image will result in an image that looks exactly like the display window.
White Background When checked, the exported images will use a white background color
instead of the actual background color of the graphical window.
Typically useful if the actual background is not white and the images are
likely to be printed.
Keep Ratio When checked, the ratio of the Width and Height will be kept constant as
the values are changed. If the width is changed, the height will
automatically change to keep the ratio constant (or vice versa).
Width Width, in pixels, of the exported image.
Height Height, in pixels, of the exported image.
Output file Specifies the file name and location of the image file to be exported.Also
allows a browse feature to choose the location and file name of the
exported image file. By default the COOL3D model name will be used
as the output file name. If no path is given, then the local working
directory of the model will be used.

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 Export STL
Operation

Export STL – Export model to an STL file

This operation is used to export the model as an STL file. This can be done with the entire model or
selected components.

Output file name/location Specifies the file name and location of the STL file to be exported.
The Output To button allows selection of the location and file name
using a file browser dialog window. When the Output separate STL
files option is not checked, this field specifies the output file name and
its location. When the Output separate STL files option is checked, this
field only specifies the output files location.
Selected components When this option is checked, only the selected components in the model
only will be exported to the STL file. When not checked, the entire model
will be exported to the STL file.
Output separate STL When this option is checked, each component in the model will be
files exported as a separate STL file. The STL file names will be taken from
the components name in the model file. When not checked, all
components will be exported to a single STL file.
Resolution Slider bar giving the effective resolution of the output STL file. The
value can be from 0 to 100, with larger numbers signifying better
resolution (more detail). At grater resolutions, smaller triangles are used
to create the STL file and thus giving greater accuracy. This also
produces more triangles and thus creates larger size STL files.

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 Export ACIS
Operation

Export ACIS – Export model to an ACIS file

This operation is used to export the model as an ACIS file. This can be done with the entire model or
selected components. Note that Mesh Components cannot be exported to ACIS format.

Output file name/location Specifies the file name and location of the ACIS file to be exported.
The Output To button allows selection of the location and file name
using a file browser dialog window. When the Output separate files
option is not checked, this field specifies the output file name and its
location. When the Output separate files option is checked, this field
only specifies the output files location.
Selected components When this option is checked, only the selected components in the model
only will be exported to the ACIS file. When not checked, the entire model
will be exported to the ACIS file.
Output separate files When this option is checked, each component in the model will be
exported as a separate ACIS file. The ACIS file names will be taken
from the component's name in the model file. When not checked, all
components will be exported to a single ACIS file.

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 Filter Meshes
COOL3D Dialogs

Filter Meshes – Filter mesh shapes

This operation is used to quickly filter the mesh shapes in the model and determine which ones are actual
components and which ones need to be deleted. The purpose of this operation is to make it easier to
delete mesh shapes that are not useful in the modeling process. This includes flanges, brackets, tabs,
bolts, and other features in the STL file that are not useful when trying to create a flow model of the
system. This operation will pass all mesh shapes through a filter to create a list of mesh shapes that are
not likely to be necessary flow components, and thus can be deleted. To fail the filter validation the mesh
shape must meet the following 3 criteria.

1) It must be small in length, width, and height (less than 1 mm).

2) It must have no volume.
3) It cannot connect to another mesh shape that does not meet the above 2 criteria.

Name Lists the name of each mesh shape that did not pass the filter validation.
Clicking on a mesh shape name or names in this list will display the
component as selected in the graphical window. This allows the mesh
shape to be identified graphically to ensure this component needs to be
filtered.
Tolerance This slider bar sets the filter tolerance. A full negative (-) tolerance is
extremely strict. This means that it will follow the above criteria exactly,
without exception. This tolerance will result in only a few mesh shapes
failing the filter validation. However, the mesh shapes that did fail have
a very low probability of being actual components, thus preventing
accidental deleting of mesh shapes. Any level greater than full negative
(-) will allow a certain tolerance when checking the above criteria (first
2). A full positive (+) tolerance is extremely loose. This tolerance will
result in nearly all mesh shapes failing the filter validation, including
those that are actual components. The update button needs to be pressed
every time the tolerance is changed to update the list of mesh shape
names.

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 Import 3D
COOL3D Dialogs

Import 3D – Import 3D file

This operation is used to import a 3D exchange format file. An exchange format is a file format that is
not specific to any particular software package, such that the format may be used by multiple software
packages to exchange information. The allowed file types (formats) are ACIS (.sat, .sab), Parasolid (.x_t,
.x_b), STL (.stl), and IGES (.iges, .igs). Other formats are supported by GT-SUITE through GT-
SPACECLAIM (available in the Tools menu), see the table below.

Import 3D File
Files to Import This field specifies the ACIS (.sat, .sab), Parasolid (.x_t, .x_b), STL
(.stl), or IGES (.iges, .igs) file to be imported. Multiple files can be
specified but they must all be of the same type.
The next steps in the import process will depend on the type of the
imported file. ACIS files will open the Import ACIS dialog window.
Parasolid files will open the Import Parasolid dialog window. STL files
will open the Import STL dialog window. IGES files will open
the Import IGES dialog window.

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 Import ACIS
COOL3D Dialogs

Import ACIS – Import an entire ACIS file

This operation is used to import the entire contents of a ACIS file into COOL3D. During the import
routine, all the shapes in the file are determined and used to create the shape in COOL3D. Each section
of the file (see the Split by connection option below) will be imported as a 'GEMMeshShape'
component. If the model file is empty, then the graphical view will automatically be reset to show the
imported shape. If the model file is not empty (contains already existing components), then existing
graphical view will be left alone. This can result in the imported shape not being shown because its
absolute location is off the screen (see the Center at Origin option below). The 'GEMMeshShape'
components cannot directly be discretized into flow components for use in GT-SUITE, so after the import
operation they must be divided and converted into COOL3D components for discretization. For details
about dividing and converting the mesh shapes, see the operations on the Slicer menu.

The ability to divide and convert imported shapes depends very strongly on the quality and nature of the
geometry in the ACIS file. The following guidelines should be followed to ensure the dividing and
converting process is robust and consistent. Even if the guidelines are not followed, the mesh shapes may
still be able to be handled (divided and converted), but the chance of success goes down.
• All holes in surfaces should represent flow ports. Holes in surfaces that will not be used as a flow port
could potentially cause errors during conversion. For more information about holes, see the Close
Surface Holes import option below.
• The file should not contain wall thickness. In other words, it should represent the inside geometry. If
the file does contain wall thickness, the outer wall can usually be removed with the Separate by
Curves operation or the Marking operation.
• The ACIS file should represent the inside surface (that the flow sees) of the final assembly (or single
component). In other words, if multiple mesh shapes need to be combined together to create a
component, the chance of success goes down. For example, a pipe component should be created from
a single mesh shape, and not from 2 mesh shapes that may represent two halves of the pipe. If this
situation exists, then the Patching operation may be able to help, as well as other slicing operations.
This operation is also available from the command line, by using the "cool3d" command followed by the
name of the ACIS file to be imported. The default options ("Split by connection" and "Import as solid
model") will be used, other options are not available when importing from the command line.

Import Options
Split by connection When checked, the imported shape will contain multiple sections based
on the connections in the file. This should be checked if the imported
shape contains multiple separate sections, and these separate sections
should be created as different components. When not checked, the
imported file will be a single component.
Center at Origin When checked, the centroid of the imported component will be placed at
the origin (0,0,0). This should be checked if the absolute location doesn't
matter and it would be beneficial to have the entire model centered.
When unchecked, the imported file will be placed exactly as it was when
the file was created. This should not be checked if the absolute location
of the model is important and should be retained. If the absolute location
is retained, then the imported shape will be placed at that exact location.

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If there are existing components in the model, then the current graphical
view will be maintained, which could result in the imported shape being
off the screen.
Import Resolution Specifies the resolution to be used while importing the ACIS file into
COOL3D. A value of "ign" or 1 will use the default resolution. Values
less than 1 (minimum=0.1) will have a lower resolution and values
greater than 1 (maximum=10) will have a higher resolution.
Generally, this option should be left as "ign" as the default resolution will
function very well in COOL3D. A lower resolution can be used to
reduce the model size and computational load. If COOL3D is very slow
when importing with the default resolution, choosing a lower resolution
will speed up the response while sacrificing accuracy of calculations. A
higher resolution can be used to increase the accuracy of calculations. If
the calculated dimensions are not precise enough, choosing a higher
resolution will improve the accuracy of these calculations.

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 Import IGES
COOL3D Dialogs

Import IGES – Import an entire IGES file

This operation is used to import the entire contents of an IGES file into COOL3D. During the import
routine, all the shapes in the file are determined and used to create the shape in COOL3D. Each section
of the file (see the Split by connection option below) will be imported as a 'GEMMeshShape'
component. If the model file is empty, then the graphical view will automatically be reset to show the
imported shape. If the model file is not empty (contains already existing components), then existing
graphical view will be left alone. This can result in the imported shape not being shown because its
absolute location is off the screen (see the Center at Origin option below). The 'GEMMeshShape'
components cannot directly be discretized into flow components for use in GT-SUITE, so after the import
operation they must be divided and converted into COOL3D components for discretization. For details
about dividing and converting the mesh shapes, see the operations on the Slicer menu.

The ability to divide and convert imported shapes depends very strongly on the quality and nature of the
geometry in the IGES file. The following guidelines should be followed to ensure the dividing and
converting process is robust and consistent. Even if the guidelines are not followed, the mesh shapes may
still be able to be handled (divided and converted), but the chance of success goes down.
• All holes in surfaces should represent flow ports. Holes in surfaces that will not be used as a flow port
could potentially cause errors during conversion. For more information about holes, see the Close
Surface Holes import option below.
• The file should not contain wall thickness. In other words, it should represent the inside geometry. If
the file does contain wall thickness, the outer wall can usually be removed with the Separate by
Curves operation or the Marking operation.
• The IGES file should represent the inside surface (that the flow sees) of the final assembly (or single
component). In other words, if multiple mesh shapes need to be combined together to create a
component, the chance of success goes down. For example, a pipe component should be created from
a single mesh shape, and not from 2 mesh shapes that may represent two halves of the pipe. If this
situation exists, then the Patching operation may be able to help, as well as other slicing operations.

Import Options
Simple Mode When checked, a simple import algorithm is used. This method is very
fast and works on large files, but is not very accurate at all. Therefore,
this option should only be used if the import operation is failing,
crashing, locking up, or running out of memory.
Split by connection When checked, the imported shape will contain multiple sections based
on the connections in the file. This should be checked if the imported
shape contains multiple separate sections, and these separate sections
should be created as different components. When not checked, the
imported file will be a single component.
Center at Origin When checked, the centroid of the imported component will be placed at
the origin (0,0,0). This should be checked if the absolute location doesn't
matter and it would be beneficial to have the entire model centered.
When unchecked, the imported file will be placed exactly as it was when
the file was created. This should not be checked if the absolute location

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of the model is important and should be retained. If the absolute location

is retained, then the imported shape will be placed at that exact location.
If there are existing components in the model, then the current graphical
view will be maintained, which could result in the imported shape being
off the screen.
Close Surface Holes When checked, all holes that are on the surface of any shape in the
imported file will be automatically closed (very similar to the patching
operation). Normally this option can be left un-checked to preserve the
exact nature of the geometry in the imported file. This can be checked
for large volumes that need to be discretized like mufflers and air boxes
to make the volume calculation and conversion routines more accurate.
If the holes were not closed and the calculations are not accurate, it is
usually possible to use the patching operation to close the necessary
holes.
Import Resolution Specifies the resolution to be used while importing the IGES file into
COOL3D. A value of "ign" or 1 will use the default resolution. Values
less than 1 (minimum=0.1) will have a lower resolution and values
greater than 1 (maximum=10) will have a higher resolution.
Generally, this option should be left as "ign" as the default resolution will
function very well in COOL3D. A lower resolution can be used to
reduce the model size and computational load. If COOL3D is very slow
when importing with the default resolution, choosing a lower resolution
will speed up the response while sacrificing accuracy of calculations. A
higher resolution can be used to increase the accuracy of calculations. If
the calculated dimensions are not precise enough, choosing a higher
resolution will improve the accuracy of these calculations.

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 Import Parasolid
COOL3D Dialogs

Import Parasolid – Import an entire Parasolid file

This operation is used to import the entire contents of a Parasolid file into COOL3D. During the import
routine, all the shapes in the file are determined and used to create the shape in COOL3D. Each section
of the file (see the Split by connection option below) will be imported as a 'GEMMeshShape'
component. If the model file is empty, then the graphical view will automatically be reset to show the
imported shape. If the model file is not empty (contains already existing components), then existing
graphical view will be left alone. This can result in the imported shape not being shown because its
absolute location is off the screen (see the Center at Origin option below). The 'GEMMeshShape'
components cannot directly be discretized into flow components for use in GT-SUITE, so after the import
operation they must be divided and converted into COOL3D components for discretization. For details
about dividing and converting the mesh shapes, see the operations on the Slicer menu.

The ability to divide and convert imported shapes depends very strongly on the quality and nature of the
geometry in the Parasolid file. The following guidelines should be followed to ensure the dividing and
converting process is robust and consistent. Even if the guidelines are not followed, the mesh shapes may
still be able to be handled (divided and converted), but the chance of success goes down.
• All holes in surfaces should represent flow ports. Holes in surfaces that will not be used as a flow port
could potentially cause errors during conversion. For more information about holes, see the Close
Surface Holes import option below.
• The file should not contain wall thickness. In other words, it should represent the inside geometry. If
the file does contain wall thickness, the outer wall can usually be removed with the Separate by
Curves operation or the Marking operation.
• The Parasolid file should represent the inside surface (that the flow sees) of the final assembly (or
single component). In other words, if multiple mesh shapes need to be combined together to create a
component, the chance of success goes down. For example, a pipe component should be created from
a single mesh shape, and not from 2 mesh shapes that may represent two halves of the pipe. If this
situation exists, then the Patching operation may be able to help, as well as other slicing operations.
This operation is also available from the command line, by using the "cool3d" command followed by the
name of the Parasolid file to be imported. The default options ("Split by connection" and "Import as solid
model") will be used, other options are not available when importing from the command line.

Import Options
Split by connection When checked, the imported shape will contain multiple sections based
on the connections in the file. This should be checked if the imported
shape contains multiple separate sections, and these separate sections
should be created as different components. When not checked, the
imported file will be a single component.
Center at Origin When checked, the centroid of the imported component will be placed at
the origin (0,0,0). This should be checked if the absolute location doesn't
matter and it would be beneficial to have the entire model centered.
When unchecked, the imported file will be placed exactly as it was when
the file was created. This should not be checked if the absolute location
of the model is important and should be retained. If the absolute location
is retained, then the imported shape will be placed at that exact location.

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 Import Parasolid
COOL3D Dialogs
If there are existing components in the model, then the current graphical
view will be maintained, which could result in the imported shape being
off the screen.
Import Resolution Specifies the resolution to be used while importing the Parasolid file into
COOL3D. A value of "ign" or 1 will use the default resolution. Values
less than 1 (minimum=0.1) will have a lower resolution and values
greater than 1 (maximum=10) will have a higher resolution.
Generally, this option should be left as "ign" as the default resolution will
function very well in COOL3D. A lower resolution can be used to
reduce the model size and computational load. If COOL3D is very slow
when importing with the default resolution, choosing a lower resolution
will speed up the response while sacrificing accuracy of calculations. A
higher resolution can be used to increase the accuracy of calculations. If
the calculated dimensions are not precise enough, choosing a higher
resolution will improve the accuracy of these calculations.

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 Import STL
COOL3D Dialogs

Import STL – Import STL file

This operation is used to import an STL file. There are 2 different methods of importing an STL file into
COOL3D.

Import STL As
Surface This method imports an entire STL file based on its surfaces. This
method is extremely accurate at representing the exact shape and
dimensions of an STL file. Any STL file imported using this method
must first be converted into COOL3D components before it can be
discretized. This option is the default recommended option when
importing STL files and should always be used unless a specific
circumstance calls for the cross section method below. Choosing this
option will open the Import STL as Surface dialog window.
Cross Sections This method imports a shell from an STL file. This method determines a
major flow direction, then represents the STL file by fitting cross
sections normal to this major direction. This method should only be used
if the STL file contains only a shell, without any other parts or features.
Choosing this option will open the Import STL as Cross Sections dialog
window.

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 Import STL as Cross Sections
COOL3D Dialogs

Import STL as Cross Sections – Import a shell from an STL file using
cross sections
This operation is used to import an STL file containing a shell into COOL3D. This will only work to
import the shell. Any interior components (like baffles and pipes) will be ignored and must be built
manually in COOL3D. Before this operation can be done, the STL file should be generated from the
CAD data following these guidelines:
• The coordinate system of the STL file should be chosen so that the main flow direction is aligned
along a coordinate axis (X,Y, or Z).
• The surface of the shell in the STL file should be solid. There should be no holes in the shell.
• Remove internal components (pipes, baffles, etc.) if possible. This is not mandatory but it will
decrease the time necessary to run the conversion. Also, the STL importer will ignore all surfaces
except the outermost ones, so they will not be imported into COOL3D anyway.
• The STL file should not contain wall thickness. In other words, it should represent a single inside
surface. This is not necessary, but the STL importer will use the outermost surface, which is not the
correct size since the flow will see the internal surface.
• Remove external appendages that do not affect the volume of the interior of the shell (such as a solid
boss that extends out from the shell).

STL Convert
STL File Specifies the name of the STL file containing the shell to be imported.
Cross Sections Specifies the number of cross sections that will be taken between the
mesh ends. The number of cross sections requested must be between 4
and 200. The cross sections will be taken perpendicular to the X-Axis
and will be evenly spaced along the X-Axis. The number of cross
sections chosen should be sufficiently large to accurately define the
shape of the shell.
Vertices Specifies the number of radial points to be used on all cross sections to
define their shapes. These points will be spaced in equal angular
increments around the center of the cross-section (e.g. if 90 vertices are
chosen, there will be one point every 4 degrees). The number chosen
should be sufficiently large to accurately define the shape of any cross
section of the shell. The number of vertices requested must be between
10 and 200. The default value is 30.
Major Axis Specifies the coordinate direction that is aligned with the major axis
(main direction of flow) of the shell in the STL file. This axis will
maintain its direction in the GEM3D model file. If the major axis is not
known, select "def". In the rare case that the muffler is wider than it is
long, "def" will not align the shell properly and the appropriate axis (X,
Y, or Z) must be selected. The coordinate direction choices include:
• defindicates the major axis will be the direction of the longest shell
dimension (length, width, or height).

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 Import STL as Cross Sections
COOL3D Dialogs

• X-axisindicates the major axis will be the X-axis direction in the STL
file.
• Y-axisindicates the major axis will be the Y-axis direction in the STL
file.
• Z-axisindicates the major axis will be the Z-axis direction in the STL
file.
Volume Specifies the internal volume of the STL file (shell) in the units given by
the Unit drop-down below. This value will be used to scale all of the
dimensions of the shell so that the overall volume is correct. This scaling
has the main purpose of making the internal volume of the shell accurate
despite any approximations in describing the shell shape. If the Volume
is set to "def" or "0", no scaling of the dimensions from the STL file will
occur. In this case the volume will be determined from the STL file
assuming that it was created in the units given by the Unit drop-down.
Unit Specifies the unit that the STL file was created in. If a Volume of 0 is
specified above, then this is the unit that the STL importer will assume
the STL file was created with. If a non-zero Volume is specified above,
then this specifies the unit for that specified Volume. The unit choices
include:
• m
3

• cm
3

• mm
3

• in
3

• ft
3

• Liter
• US-gallon
Tolerance The tolerance controls the numerical scheme used in the STL importer.
The value must be between "0" and "1". The default value of 0.01
(1.0%) will be sufficient for most STL imports. If the import routine
fails, the above attributes should be varied to see if the STL file can be
successfully imported. If the import routine still fails, increasing the
tolerance may solve the problem and allow a successful import. This
should only be done as a last resort since a larger tolerance can cause
other problems for calculations after the shape is imported.

It is important to understand how the STL importer handles the ends of the muffler shell. The STL
importer cannot determine the geometry at either end of the muffler shell, since the cross section is ill-
defined, and can range from a single point to solid cross section. To get around this difficulty, the shape
at either end is assumed to be identical to the nearest cross-section inside the shell.

After the shape of each end is imposed, the total volume of the muffler shell is calculated. If the user
entered a non-zero value for the shell volume, all dimensions of the shell will be scaled so that the
calculated volume equals the user-entered value. After importing the file into the pre-processor, it is
important to inspect the various cross sections, especially the two end sections. It may be necessary to
change the shape of the end sections to more accurately reflect the true geometry. In cases where there is

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 Import STL as Cross Sections
COOL3D Dialogs

an extreme change in the cross-sectional shape near either end of the muffler, it may be more convenient
to set the user-entered volume to "0". This way, no scaling of the dimensions will occur.

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 Import STL as Surface
COOL3D Dialogs

Import STL as Surface – Import an entire STL file from its surfaces
This operation is used to import the entire contents of an STL file into COOL3D. During the import
routine, all the surfaces of the STL file are determined and used to create the shape in COOL3D. Each
section of the STL file (see the Split by connection option below) will be imported as
a 'GEMMeshShape' component. If the model file is empty, then the graphical view will automatically be
reset to show the imported shape. If the model file is not empty (contains already existing components),
then existing graphical view will be left alone. This can result in the imported shape not being shown
because its absolute location is off the screen (see the Center at Origin option below).
The 'GEMMeshShape' components cannot directly be discretized into flow components for use in GT-
SUITE, so after the import operation they must be divided and converted into COOL3D components for
discretization. For details about dividing and converting the mesh shapes, see the operations on the Slicer
menu.

The ability to divide and convert imported shapes depends very strongly on the quality and nature of the
geometry of the STL file. The following guidelines should be followed to ensure the dividing and
converting process is robust and consistent. Even if the guidelines are not followed, the mesh shapes may
still be able to be handled (divided and converted), but the chance of success goes down.
• All holes in surfaces should represent flow ports. Holes in surfaces that will not be used as a flow port
could potentially cause errors during conversion. If unwanted holes do exist, it may be possible to use
the Patching operation to patch (close) these unnecessary holes.
• The STL file should not contain wall thickness. In other words, it should represent a single inside
surface. If the shapes do contain wall thickness, the outer wall can usually be removed with
the Separate by Curves operation or the Marking operation.
• The STL file should represent the inside surface (that the flow sees) of the final assembly (or single
component). In other words, if multiple mesh shapes need to be combined together to create a
component, the chance of success goes down. For example, a pipe component should be created from
a single mesh shape, and not from 2 mesh shapes that may represent two halves of the pipe. If this
situation exists, then the Patching operation may be able to help, as well as other slicing operations.

Import Options
Split by connection When checked, the imported shape will contain multiple sections based
on the connection of triangles in the STL file. This should be checked if
the STL file contains multiple separate sections, and these separate
sections should be created as different components in COOL3D. When
not checked, the imported STL file will be a single component,
regardless of what connections exist in the STL file.
Center at Origin When checked, the centroid of the imported component will be placed at
the origin (0,0,0). This should be checked if the absolute location doesn't
matter and it would be beneficial to have the entire model centered.
When unchecked, the STL file will be placed exactly as it was when the
file was created. This should not be checked if the absolute location of
the model is important and should be retained. If the absolute location is
retained, then the imported shape will be placed at that exact location. If
there are existing components in the model, then the current graphical
view will be maintained, which could result in the imported shape being

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 Import STL as Surface
COOL3D Dialogs

off the screen.

STL Reduction Fraction Specifies a fraction of the total triangles present in the true STL file that
are used to draw/display the shape in COOL3D. A value of "ign"
(default value) or 1 will use exactly the true STL file. Any positive
integer between 0 and 1 may be used to specify the fraction of the total
triangles to use. The smaller the fraction, the smaller the model size
(faster the application) but the less accurate the representation of the STL
is.
The purpose of this option is to reduce the amount of data in the model
(file size) to increase the speed of the application and all operations
(rotations, marks, cuts, conversions, etc.). The trade-off to gain speed is
less accuracy due to some of the triangles being removed. Generally, this
option should not be used (value of "ign") since accuracy is desired and
most STL files will not cause the application to be noticeably slower.
This option may be used to reduce the model size if the STL file is very
large (large meaning lots of triangles, not necessarily file size) and it is
possible this could reduce application speed. This option should be used
if the application is very slow, unresponsive, locks up, or runs out of
memory when importing a full STL file (value of "ign"). It is difficult to
tell if this option is needed prior to working with the STL in COOL3D.
The general recommendation is to first not use this option because it is
usually very quick and easy to tell that the application is being slowed
down. At that time a new model file can be created and imported with
this option.
Unit Specifies the unit that the STL file was created in. The STL file does not
contain any unit information, only relative locations. Therefore, the
proper unit must be selected here so all the relative locations in the STL
will correspond to the correct absolute dimension in COOL3D. This is a
simple scaling operation so if the imported shape does not appear correct,
the STL file can easily be imported again with a different unit selection.
The unit choices include:
• cm
• mm
• in
• ft
• micron
• km
• mi
• dm

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 Local Cutting Plane Information Window
COOL3D Dialogs

Local Cutting Plane Information Window – Provides the orientation of

the local cutting plane
This window provides some detailed geometrical information about the local cutting plane. The local
cutting plane can be controlled graphically using the mouse, or the keyboard arrow keys can be used to
make small move increments.

Local Cutting Plane Info

Angle Shows a real-time counter of the relative angle between the current
orientation of the local cutting plane and the orientation of the end of the
mesh shape component. If this angle is constant along the length of a
mesh shape, then that section is straight. If this angle is changing, then
that section is bending. The point at which this angle starts or stops
changing gives the location of the start and end of bent sections.
Effective Diameter Shows a real-time counter of the effective diameter at the current location
of the local cutting plane.
Diameter Shows a real-time counter of the diameter at the current location of the
local cutting plane.

Clip: This button will do the Clip operation. This will separate the component along the current location
and orientation of the local cutting plane.

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 Model View Layout
COOL3D Dialogs

Model View Layout – Controls the layout of the model in the display
window
This window allows the user to modify the views that are displayed in the graphical window. Here the
number of views, individual views, and layout can be configured for both the model tab and preview tab.
A preview of the resulting graphical layout is shown at the bottom of the window.

Note: This preview does not include the display of the actual model, simply the layout.

Panel Layout for Model / Preview

Number of display Specifies the number of view panels to be displayed in the graphical
panels window. Up to 4 views may be used.
Display panels layout Specifies the orientation of the display panels.
Panel configuration Specifies what view each of the display panels will show. Each display
panel can show any view, including duplicates.

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 Polygon Vertices
COOL3D Dialogs

Polygon Vertices – Allows creation and editing of custom cross

section shape by coordinate points
This table is used to edit or create polygon vertices in order to create a custom cross section. An x and y
coordinate position is entered in each row to create the polygon vertices. By right clicking in a cell, the
user can append, insert, or delete points. Rows that are left blank will be ignored.

Note: The polygon's vertices must be entered in the order in which they should be connected. For
instance, a line will be created between the vertices entered in row 1 and row 2 to create the first polygon
edge. Next, the second polygon edge will be created between the vertices in row 2 and 3, and so on. The
vertices order determines how the polygons' edges will be built and therefore what the polygon shape will
be.

Table
X X position of vertex point
Y Y position of vertex point

Unit: Drop down menu specifying the current unit for the points of the cross section. Choices include m,
cm, mm, in, ft, micron, and dm.

Resize table: This button allows the user to modify the number or rows in the table.

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 Print
COOL3D Dialogs

Print – Prints the graphical display

This command is used to print the graphical views.

Print active view Prints the currently active view.

Print all views Prints all views in the graphical display. Each view will be printed
individually on its own page.
Print all views on one Prints all views in the graphical display on a single page. This will result
page in a printed page that looks exactly like the display window.
White Background This checkbox allows the image to have a white background instead of
the Background Color that is selected.

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 Print Preview
COOL3D Dialogs

Print Preview – Previews the graphical display

This command is used to print the graphical views.

Preview active view Previews the currently active view.

Preview all views Previews all views in the graphical display. Each view will be shown
individually on its own page.
Preview all views on one Previews all views in the graphical display on a single page. This will
page result in a page that looks exactly like the display window.
White Background This checkbox allows the image to have a white background instead of
the Background Color that is selected.

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 Set Rotation Point
COOL3D Dialogs

Set Rotation Point – Sets the anchor point for graphical rotations
This command is used to set the anchor point for graphical rotation operations. This anchor point will be
used when conducting graphical rotations in the screen XY plane (left mouse button + mouse drag) and
the about the screen Z axis (Ctrl key + left mouse button + mouse drag). The anchor point is stored as an
application property.

Global origin (0,0,0) Sets the rotation anchor point to the origin. The origin is the point with
global coordinates of X = 0, Y = 0, and Z = 0.
Global Centroid Sets the rotation anchor point to the centroid (center of volume) of the
model. When this option is selected, the centroid of the entire model in
calculated and set as the anchor point. This option is the default choice.
Component's Centroid Sets the rotation anchor point to the centroid of any selected component.
When this option is used, any component can be selected from the
graphical window. The currently selected component's name will be
given and its centroid point (X, Y, and Z location) will be set as the
rotation anchor point. The particular centroid point will be remembered
and used as the rotation anchor point when this window is closed.
Select Control Point Allows the rotation anchor point to be set by the coordinates of a selected
control point or the absolute coordinates specified by the X, Y, and Z
attributes below. When this option is selected, any control point in the
model may be selected to be set as the rotation anchor point. When
control points are selected, their coordinates will be filled in for the X, Y,
and Z attributes below. This allows the coordinates to be checked and/or
modified. The X, Y, and Z attributes may also be directly specified to set
the rotation anchor point. The specified coordinates are in the global
coordinate system.
X Absolute X coordinate in the global coordinate system to be set as the X
value of the rotation anchor point. This attribute will always update
based on the current selection of the rotation anchor point. This attribute
may only be manually edited when the Select Control Point option is
enabled above.
Y Absolute Y coordinate in the global coordinate system to be set as the Y
value of the rotation anchor point. This attribute will always update
based on the current selection of the rotation anchor point. This attribute
may only be manually edited when the Select Control Point option is
enabled above.
Z Absolute Z coordinate in the global coordinate system to be set as the Z
value of the rotation anchor point. This attribute will always update
based on the current selection of the rotation anchor point. This attribute
may only be manually edited when the Select Control Point option is
enabled above.

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 Tools>Options>General
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>General – Contains general options and preferences

specific to the application
This menu contains options that can be used to control how the COOL3D application operates.

General
Auto display toolboxes When this option is checked, COOL3D will automatically open and
position all toolboxes that were open the last time the application was
closed.
Icon only on button When this option is checked, COOL3D will only display the icons of
operations in the toolboxes. When un-checked, COOL3D will display
the icon and the name of the operation.
Do not show Start Up If checked, the start up window will not be displayed when the
Window application is launched.
Issue warning if objects If selected, a warning message will be issued upon opening a file that
are off when file is was saved with objects in the "off" position.
opened
Display Marker for X,Y,Z If turned on, a mouse-click will display a white marker at the location
location selected. This location can be seen in the lower right portion of the
application window.
Do not highlight If selected, an object will not be highlighted when the mouse cursor is
component when mouse placed over it.
cursor is on it
Highlight attributes that When checked, this option will cause the name of all attributes that affect
affect modeling the geometrical modeling to be displayed in blue (instead of the normal
black text).
Re-normalize directions When checked, all direction attributes will be automatically re-
after pressing 'Apply' or normalized after pressing 'Apply' or 'Ok'.
'Ok'
Definition of Component The prefill value for the Component Origin Reference in
Origin 'COOLFlowResistance', 'COOLHeatAddition', and
'COOLHeatExchanger'. All locations are assumed to be looking along
the +X axis, with left being +Y and top being +Z.
• center: The center point of the object will be the origin.
• upper right: The upper right corner of the object will be the
origin.
• lower right: The lower right corner of the object will be the
origin.
• upper left: The upper left corner of the object will be the origin.
• lower left: The lower left corner of the object will be the origin.

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 Tools>Options>General
COOL3D Dialogs

• top center: The top center point of the object will be the origin.
• left center: The left center point of the object will be the origin.
• bottom center: The bottom center point of the object will be the
origin.
• right center: The right center point of the object will be the
origin.
Number of significant The number specified in this dropdown will set the number of significant
figures displayed figures to be displayed for all attributes. By default, seven significant
figures are displayed. The value selected here will not affect the
discretization of the model. If a value has more significant figures than
what is specified for this option, then all values will be stored properly.
Default Transparency Indicates the default transparency level used when an individual
Percentage [0-90] component has a Transparency Percent of "def". 0 indicates opaque
(solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Grid Configuration - Specifies the size of the background grid.
Length
Grid Configuration - Specifies the major spacing size of the background grid.
Major grid box size
Grid Configuration - Specifies the minor spacing size of the background grid.
Minor grid box size

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 Tools>Options>Favorites
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>Favorites – Contains options regarding favorite

folders and applications
This tab contains options regarding favorite folders and applications.

Favorites
Default Template Library Default template library to be used by COOL3D.
Default Editor Default text editor used by the application. When this is left blank, the
application's default text editor is Notepad on Windows.
Favorite Folder
Specifies the application's favorite folder. When saving or opening
a file, the Favorite Folder can quickly and easily be accessed by clicking
on the icon that appears in the upper-right corner of the dialog box.

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 Tools>Options>User Object Libraries
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>User Object Libraries – Contains the location of the

user object libraries (.gto)
This tab contains options regarding the user object libraries.

Favorites
User Specified Libraries The location of the user libraries (.gto) which will be preloaded into the
application when it is launched.

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 Tools>Options>Save
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>Save – Contains options and preferences regarding

saving models
This tab contains options that can be used to control how COOL3D saves models.

Save
AutoSave every __ When this option is checked, each open *.ghx file will automatically be
minutes saved at an interval specified by the user. The file will be saved in the
same directory with the same name as the original file except that an
additional extension of .autosave will be appended to the filename. To
recover data with AutoSave, simply open the *.autosave file, at which
point the user will be prompted to resave it under a different name. A
prompt will automatically appear any time that a *.ghx file is opened
when there is an analogous .autosave version with a newer time and date
in the same directory. Beware that when recovering an AutoSave file, do
not open the original file prior to or simultaneously with the AutoSave
file, because the AutoSave file can be automatically overwritten or erased
when the original file is successfully closed.
Issue warning on exit When this option is checked, COOL3D will request confirmation
whenever the user attempts to exit the application.

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 Tools>Options>Default Units
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>Default Units – Contains the default units preferences

This tab contains the preferences for the default units to be used in the COOL3D application.

Default Units
Length Default length unit used by the application.
Area Default area unit used by the application.
Volume Default volume unit used by the application.
Angle Default angle unit used by the application.
Inverse area Default inverse area unit used by the application.

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 Tools>Options>Default Colors
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>Default Colors – Contains the default colors

preferences
This tab contains the preferences for the default colors to be used in the COOL3D application.

Default Colors
Default The default color selected here will be the default color selected in the
Component/Feature Visual folder when a template is first created.
Display Color
Background Color The color selected here will be the background color for the canvas.
Highlight Color The color selected here will be the color displayed when the mouse
pointer is over an object. This color will not be visible if the Do not
highlight component when mouse cursor is on it is selected in the
General folder of Tools>Options.
Select Color The color selected here will be the color displayed when an object is
selected.
Wheel Color The color selected here will be the color of the display widget.

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 Tools>Options>Conversion
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>Conversion – Contains the mesh conversion

preferences
This tab contains the preferences for the conversion of mesh shapes into components.

Conversion
Allow Mesh When checked, this option will allow a COOL3D component converted
Deconversion from a mesh shape to be de-converted back into its original mesh shape.
The advantage to this option is the ability to go directly back to the mesh
shape if the conversion options need to be changed or the mesh shape
modified. The disadvantage is a performance penalty as a significant
amount of extra information must be saved in the model file for each
shape that can be de-converted. Due to this performance penalty, it is
recommended not to use this option unless a specific use is needed. It is
always possible to import the STL file again to get the mesh shape.
Default Color for Specifies the default color to be used for a component that is created
Converted Component by converting a mesh shape.
Number of digits after The number specified in this dropdown will set the number of digits to
decimal point displayed display after the decimal point when converting mesh shapes into a flow
space or a blockage. This option will apply to all attributes including
location, distance to next cross section, etc. By default, three digits are
displayed after the decimal, as shown in the example conversion dialog
below.

Mesh Preview Specifies the transparency percentage of the mesh shape in the preview
Transparency Percent window.

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 Tools>Options>Discretization
COOL3D Dialogs

Tools>Options>Discretization – Contains the discretization

preferences
This tab contains the preferences for the discretization of components into a model file.

General
Warn before overwriting When checked, this option will have COOL3D issue a warning before
gtm file overwriting an existing .gtm file with the same name as the currently
specified output file name. This can prevent an exported model file from
overwriting a potentially useful model file. When not checked,
COOL3D will automatically overwrite the existing file with the currently
exported model file. If a previous model file with the same name does
not exist in the specified save directory, then this option does nothing.
Model License Type Specifies the license that will be used to run the exported GT-ISE model
file (.gtm). Note that the license type chosen here can always be changed
in GT-ISE if necessary.
Preview options Specifies the default application property for the type of preview option
used to display the discretization preview in the graphical window. The
discretization preview will discretize any shells in the model and figure
out how many flow splits are needed. Then, it will display all the flow
splits needed in the graphical window according to this preview option.
The discretization preview is only done in a 3D view of the model.
Therefore, if no 3D view currently exists the preview button will be
disabled (grayed out). This value can be overridden by the same option
in the Export gtm operation. Available preview options include:
• Show cube displays each flow split as a separate cube. The size of
the cube is proportional to the discretization length of the shell. All
the cubes in a particular chamber will be displayed as the same color.
• Show cube with volume displays each flow split as a separate cube
with different brightness. A lighter colored cube represented a larger
percentage of the cube's volume being inside the shell. A darker
cube represents a smaller percentage.
• Show cube with mesh line displays both the cubes and the mesh
lines.
• Show mesh line displays lines that represent the edges of each flow
split.
• Show mesh face displays planes (faces) the represent the division
between flow splits.
• Show mesh face and line displays both the mesh faces and lines.
Cube transparency level Specifies the default application property for the transparency level used
(%) when drawing the preview cubes (when using the cube preview option).
0 indicates opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely
transparent. This value can be overridden by the same option in
the Export .gtm operation.

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 Tools>Options>Discretization
COOL3D Dialogs

Object Names - Prefix Specifies a user defined text string that will be added to the beginning of
all object names that are created during the discretization process. This
should be used when multiple COOL3D models with similar component
names will be used as subassemblies in the same GT-SUITE model file
to prevent duplicate object names. This prefix is limited to a maximum
of 3 characters. If this prefix results in creation of an object name longer
than the maximum allowed in a model file (20 characters), an error will
be given and the name will be truncated from the end. This box can be
left blank and no prefix will be added.
Object Names - Suffix Specifies a user defined text string that will be added to the end of all
object names that are created during the discretization process. This
should be used when multiple COOL3D models with similar component
names will be used as subassemblies in the same GT-SUITE model file
to prevent duplicate object names. This suffix is limited to a maximum
of 3 characters. If this suffix results in creation of an object name longer
than the maximum allowed in a model file (20 characters), an error will
be given and the suffix will be omitted or truncated. This box can be left
blank and no suffix will be added.
Part Names - Prefix Specifies a user defined text string that will be added to the beginning of
all part names that are created during the discretization process. This
should be used when multiple COOL3D models with similar component
names will be used as subassemblies in the same GT-SUITE model file
to prevent duplicate part names. This prefix is limited to a maximum of
3 characters. If this prefix results in creation of a part name longer than
the maximum allowed in a model file (20 characters), an error will be
given and the name will be truncated from the end. This box can be left
blank and no prefix will be added.
Part Names - Suffix Specifies a user defined text string that will be added to the end of all
part names that are created during the discretization process. This should
be used when multiple COOL3D models with similar component names
will be used as subassemblies in the same GT-SUITE model file to
prevent duplicate part names. This suffix is limited to a maximum of 3
characters. If this suffix results in creation of a part name longer than the
maximum allowed in a model file (20 characters), an error will be given
and the suffix will be omitted or truncated. This box can be left blank
and no suffix will be added.

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 Translation
COOL3D Dialogs

Translation – Translates a component

This operation is used to translate a component a specified distance in the X, Y, and/or Z directions.

1) To begin a translation, the component must first be selected.

2) Then click on the Translation operation and the Translation dialog window will open.

3) Specify the distance to translate the component in the dialog window. The translation operation makes
the current location of the selected component the 0 point (X, Y, and Z all equal 0). Therefore, the
distance numbers specified in the dialog window are relative to the 0 point, or the original location of the
component.

Translate component
X Specifies the distance to translate the component in the X direction. This
is relative to the original location of the component before the translate
operation was started.
Y Specifies the distance to translate the component in the Y direction. This
is relative to the original location of the component before the translate
operation was started.
Z Specifies the distance to translate the component in the Z direction. This
is relative to the original location of the component before the translate
operation was started.

4) Press OK or Apply to finish the translation.

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 View Model Sectioning
COOL3D Dialogs

View Model Sectioning – Graphically sections the model so that

interior components can be viewed
This operation is used to place a temporary sectioning plane on the model so that interior components and
features can be viewed. This is similar to a cross sectional view of a drawing. This sectioning plane can
also be used during a discretization preview operation to be able see the interior flowsplits of a flow
space.

Sectioning
Orientation Radio button that specifies which axis to slide the sectioning plane along.
The sectioning plane will be oriented normal to the axis direction.
Available orientations include:
• X Axis Specifies that the sectioning plane be placed normal to the
global X axis.
• Y Axis Specifies that the sectioning plane be placed normal to the
global Y axis.
• Z Axis Specifies that the sectioning plane be placed normal to the
global Z axis.
• Custom Specifies that the sectioning plane be placed in a user-
defined orientation. The sectioning plane can be rotated by clicking
and dragging on either the head or tail of the arrow in the graphical
window. It can also be translated by clicking and dragging anywhere
on the plane. Once the sectioning plane is rotated off one of the
normal axis directions, it will automatically become a custom
orientation. The sectioning plane can only be oriented in the
graphical window if the plane and arrow are visible (see the Hide
Arrow & Plane option below).

Also shows a real-time counter of the current X, Y, and Z orientation of

the normal vector of the sectioning plane in the default unit.
Rotate X Slider bar that will rotate the sectioning plane about the X axis (in the YZ
plane). Clicking outside of the control window will reset the position of
the slider. The plane will be rotated by a specified amount given by the
setting of the Rotate plane option below.
Rotate Y Slider bar that will rotate the sectioning plane about the Y axis (in the XZ
plane). Clicking outside of the control window will reset the position of
the slider. The plane will be rotated by a specified amount given by the
setting of the Rotate plane option below.
Rotate Z Slider bar that will rotate the sectioning plane about the Z axis (in the XY
plane). Clicking outside of the control window will reset the position of
the slider. The plane will be rotated by a specified amount given by the
setting of the Rotate plane option below.
Location Shows a real-time counter of the current X, Y, and Z location of the
center of the sectioning plane in the default unit (the ball of the arrow
where it intersects the cutting plane).

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 View Model Sectioning
COOL3D Dialogs

Translate Slider bar that will translate the cutting plane along the current
orientation. Clicking outside of the control window will reset the
position of the slider. The plane will be translated by a specified amount
given by the setting of the Translate plane option below.
Translate plane Drop down option that determines how far the sectioning plane translates
with each move of the Translate slider above. The amount is given in
units since the absolute amount will depend on the current default unit
selection of the length. Allowed values range from 0.1 to 5.
Rotate plane Drop down option that determines how far the sectioning plane rotates
with each move of the Rotate sliders above. Allowed values range from
1 to 10.

Pos: This option indicates that the part of the model on the positive side of the sectioning plane (normal
direction) will be graphically removed to section the model.

Neg: This option indicates that the part of the model on the negative side of the sectioning plane (opposite
of the normal direction) will be graphically removed to section the model.

Hide Arrow & Plane: Checking this option hides the sectioning plane and control arrow from the
graphical window for display purposes. With the sectioning plane and arrow hidden, the sectioning plane
cannot be oriented in the graphical window, but still can be oriented and translated using the controls in
this dialog window. Un-checking his option will show the sectioning and control arrow again.

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 Volume
COOL3D Dialogs

Volume Calculation – Calculates the volume of components

This operation is used to calculate the volume of components. To calculate the volume of a component,
first select the component, and then click on the Measure Volume… operation. The volume of multiple
components can be calculated by selecting all the components and then selecting the Volume operation.

Volume Calculation
Name Displays the name of the component for which the volume was
calculated.
Type Displays the type of component for which the volume was calculated.
Volume Displays the volume of the component.
Unit Specifies the unit in which to display the volume.
Total volume Displays the total volume of all selected components. This will be the
sum of all the individual volumes of the items above.

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 COOL3D Componets

CHAPTER 4: COOL3D Components

The COOL3D components section contains information on each of the components used in COOL3D. A
description of each component is given as well as details about each attribute. These descriptions are the
same text that can be found in the context help for each template. The context help can be viewed while
using COOL3D by clicking the button in the upper left corner of each template. This button will have an
image of the template as well as a small question mark symbol.

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 COOLBlockage
COOL3D Components

COOLBlockage
This object is used to model the flow resistance of an object impeding flow in a flow space.

Cross Sections
Multiple columns should be used to represent an object that changes cross section. This is useful to create
objects that are not extruded along a constant path.

Cross Section Name Name of the 'CSCircle', 'CSCustom', 'CSEllipse', 'CSRect', or

'CSRoundRect' reference object describing the geometry of the blockage.
A value of "def" will extend the boundary of the blockage to the
boundary of the flow space.
Distance to Next Cross Distance to the next cross section. The cross section specified above in
Section the same column will be extruded for this distance and blended with the
next specified cross section. Only a single cross section is necessary, in
which case this value will be the total length. When multiple cross
sections are specified, this is the length of each section. Also, with
multiple cross sections, the value of the last distance will be ignored as
there is not another cross section to extrude to. If wanted, "def" or "ign"
can be entered for the last cross section.
Relative Y Location of The relative distance in the Y-direction from the center of the first cross
Center section to current cross section. "def" will have a value of 0.
Relative Z Location of The relative distance in the Z-direction from the center of the first cross
Center section to current cross section. "def" will have a value of 0.

Location
Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a blockage location of (0,0,0).
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a blockage location of (0,0,0).
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a blockage location of (0,0,0).
Create Holes for If turned "on", when the 'COOLBlockage' components intersects with
Intersecting Components any 'COOLHeatExchanger', 'COOLHeatAddition', or 'COOLFan'
component, then a hole will be automatically created in the

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 COOLBlockage
COOL3D Components

'COOLBlockage' component to fit the intersecting shape.

One example allows a frame that holds a cooling module to be quickly
created to prevent bypassing air flow. The holes generated for the frame
will automatically adjust in size as the heat exchanger and/or fan
components change shape and/or location.

Figure 1: Location of a blockage in global space at location (0,0,0).

Discretization
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. A value of 0
indicates opaque (solid) and a value of 90 indicates almost completely
transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

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 COOLDuct
COOL3D Components

COOLDuct
This template is used to model an object with thin walls that redirects flow to a new location (i.e. a duct).

Cross Sections
Multiple columns should be used to represent an object that changes cross section. This is useful to create
objects that are not extruded along a constant path.

Cross Section Name Name of the 'CSBiRadial', 'CSCircle', 'CSCustom', 'CSEllipse', 'CSRect',
or 'CSRoundRect' reference object describing the geometry of the duct.
Distance to Next Cross Distance to the next cross section. The cross section specified above in
Section the same column will be extruded for this distance and blended with the
next specified cross section. Only a single cross section is necessary, in
which case this value will be the total length. When multiple cross
sections are specified, this is the length of each section. Also, with
multiple cross sections, the value of the last distance will be ignored as
there is not another cross section to extrude to. If wanted, "def" or "ign"
can be entered for the last cross section.
Relative Y Location of The relative distance in the Y-direction from the center of the first cross
Center section to current cross section. "def" will have a value of 0.
Relative Z Location of The relative distance in the Z-direction from the center of the first cross
Center section to current cross section. "def" will have a value of 0.

Location
Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a duct location of (0,0,0).
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a duct location of (0,0,0).
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a duct location of (0,0,0).

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 COOLDuct
COOL3D Components

Figure 1: Location of a duct in global space at location (0,0,0).

Discretization
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

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 COOLFan
COOL3D Components

COOLFan
This object is used to model a fan when a full map of data, fan coefficients, or equation is available to
correlate the mass flow rate, fan speed, pressure rise, and efficiency ('Fan') of the fan component.

Main
"As Tested" Fan Name of the 'FanSpecs' reference object that defines the fan performance
Specifications Object and geometry as it was originally measured.
Note: GT supplies a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet that enables
a 'FanSpecs' object to be directly imported into a model (or into an object
library) based on the fan data in entered in the spreadsheet. The
spreadsheet is intended to offer an efficient method of communicating
data between a fan supplier (who may not have GT-SUITE) and a user of
GT-SUITE. (Tools > GT Excel Sheets … > Fans > FanSpecs.xlsx)
"As Used" Fan Blade This is the new blade diameter for the fan that will be used when scaling
Diameter the fan performance data. To scale the fan performance data the original
fan geometry (Blade Diameter and Hub Diameter) must have been filled
out in the 'FanSpecs' reference object. Fan performance may only be
scaled if the fan performance is specified using a non-dimensional
approach (via 'FanMap' with the Non-Dimensional Coefficients option,
or directly via the 'FanCoefficients' or 'FanElectricMap' object). If no
scaling is wanted then "ign" should be entered.
"As Used" Fan Moment This is the new fan inertia that will override the value found in
of Inertia the 'FanSpecs' reference object. It can either be entered as a value, or
"def". Where "def" will estimate the new fan inertia from the following
equation using the new fan blade diameter, above, and the original fan
blade diameter and inertia:
4
D 
Inertia new = Inertia old ∗  new 
 Dold 
It is recommended that the new inertia, if known, be entered directly. If a
new inertia is not to be used then "ign" should be entered.
Fan Boundary Type Select the type of fan that will be modeled.

 Speed Boundary from Select this option if Single Fan Map or Multiple Fan Map was selected
Mechanical Connection in the 'FanSpecs' reference object. An external 'Shaft'
or 'SpeedBoundaryRot' connection to the 'Fan' is required with this
option.
() Normalized Fan For fans with a fixed geometry, this value should be set to "ign". If a fan
Blade Position design allows for varying the position (or angle) of the blades, this
attribute controls that position (normalized). If a value or dependency
object is specified, the solver will interpolate linearly between the two
closest fan blade positions within the 'FanSpecs' reference object.
 Electric Fan (No Select this option to model an electric fan if the Electric Fan option is

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 COOLFan
COOL3D Components

Mechanical Connection) selected in the 'FanSpecs' reference object.

() Input Signal The input signal for the electric fan that will be imposed. Actuation of
the input signal is also allowed.

Location
Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
fan location of (0,0,0).
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
fan location of (0,0,0).
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
fan location of (0,0,0).

Figure 1: Location of a fan shroud in global space at location (0,0,0).

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 COOLFan
COOL3D Components

Options
Normalized Radial Name of the 'XYTableSimple' reference object to describe the radial
Distribution Reference distribution of the air flow through the fan. "ign" means no radial fan
distribution will exist.
Flow Rate Multiplier Multiplier of fan flow rate used to scale the whole map.
Efficiency Multiplier Multiplier of fan efficiency used to scale the whole map.
Compressible Reference If the Compressible Flow option is selected in 'FanMap' or
Conditions for Operating 'FanCoefficients', then certain plot and result (RLT) output of the fan
Point Correction involve correction of the simulation result to reference conditions such
that it is relevant to compare to the corrected map input data or to other
simulation results. These plots and RLT's usually have "Corrected" in
the name. The following attributes control the reference conditions used
for correction of simulation data within these plots/RLT's. These
attributes will not change the raw simulation results, and will only impact
the results displayed in these specific "corrected" plots/RLT's.
 Same as Map Object The pressure and temperature used for the corrected results will be
or External File identical to the conditions used in the original 'FanMap' object or
external file. The reference conditions must be the same in each map or
external file called by this object in order for this option to be used. This
option is generally recommended so that comparisons to the map data are
relevant.
 Enter Reference Select this option to explicitly define the pressure and temperature to be
Conditions for used for the corrected output. This option is only needed if it is desirable
Correction to use different conditions that those used in the original 'FanMap' or
external file (rare).
() Reference Pressure Pressure to which the mass flow rate will be corrected in the results.
() Reference Temperature to which the mass flow rate and speed will be corrected in
Temperature the results.

Fan Model Select the fan model to be used.

 Standard Select this option to use the fan model included with GT-SUITE.
() Time Constant A time constant is used to damp changes in mass flow rate to ensure that
(Explicit Solver Only) the solution remains stable (explicit solver only). Large values of the
time constant, relative to the time step size, decrease the change in mass
flow rate from time step to time step. The default option is available
with a value that is internally calculated by the code. Note that if the
user enters a value for the time constant that is smaller than the internally
calculated value, the code will use the internally calculated value.
() Relaxation Factor The relaxation factor may be used to help improve convergence of the
(Implicit Solver Only) implicit solver. Decreasing the relaxation factor slows changes in fan
output (e.g. flow rate) from iteration to iteration to make the convergence
more stable. Increasing the relaxation factor can speed up progress
towards convergence, but can also introduce instability if increased too
far. Values may range from 0.001 to 1. The "def" value is set to a fairly

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 COOLFan
COOL3D Components

conservative number ("def" = 0.025) so that most fans will converge

without instability. Therefore it may be possible to speed up
convergence by using a higher value.
A more robust option is the use of a 'XYTable' to specify a relaxation
factor that varies dynamically as a function of the fan operating
condition; a small factor is used when the fan is operating in a "flat"
region on a fan map speed line, while a larger factor is used when in a
"steep" region. If this option is chosen, it is recommended to use the pre-
defined 'XYTable' called "RelaxFactor_Fan" which has been supplied in
the GT-SUITE Library. If a custom table is created, it must be of the
form X = slope (1/L/min), Y = relaxation factor.
 User Select this option to point to a subroutine that was added to usercool.dll
to model the fan behavior.
() User Model Object Name of a 'UserCodeFReference' reference object that passes input data
Name specified by the user to the user's subroutine.

Discretization
 Automatic The fan will be discretized such that there are a maximum of 5 divisions
Discretization in both the horizontal and vertical directions
 Horizontal Specifies the target discretization length along the horizontal direction of
Discretization Length the fan object. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50
mm.
() Vertical Specifies the target discretization length along the vertical direction of
Discretization Length the fan object. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50
mm.
Fan Subassembly Port The number entered here will be used as the subassembly port number
Number for the mechanical connection of the fan in the external .gtm model
created. If "def" is entered a number will be automatically assigned.
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.
Part Name in GTM Export The name given here will be used for the part name in the .gtm model
that is created. When attempting to compare multiple objects the same
part name should be given to directly compare those results in GT-POST.
If "ign" is entered, the part name will be the object name.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold

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COOL3D Components

•Dark Blue •Grey

•Green •Black
Number of Blades Number of fan blades in the fan model. This attribute is for visual
representation only and does not affect results of the fan solution.

Plot Options
Transient Plot Frequency A "snapshot" of all selected contour plots is taken at the specified
interval. "ign" will cause a "snapshot" to be taken at the end of the
simulation.

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 COOLFlowResistance
COOL3D Components

COOLFlowResistance
This template is used to model a flow resistance for the fluid where heat transfer will not be modeled.

Main
 Default Cross Section Selecting this option will create a resistance plane that is the same size as
the cross section of the 'COOLFlowSpace' at the current location.
 Rectangular Cross Selecting this option will create a resistance that is of a specific
Section (rectangular) dimension.
() Height Height of the resistance object.
() Width Width of the resistance object.
() Depth Depth of the resistance object.
Flow Resistance Model Name of the 'FlowPDropLossCoef', 'FlowPDropPowerLaw',
'FlowPDropTable', 'FlowPDropTableRef', or 'FlowPDropTempTable'
reference object to describe the pressure drop of the resistance. If "def"
is entered, a default orifice connection will be used.

Location
Component Origin The origin reference location can be selected for the component from one
Reference of the following nine positions. The prefill is controlled from the
attribute Definition of Component Origin in Tools > Options. All
locations are assumed to be looking along the +X axis, with left being +Y
and top being +Z.
• center: The center point of the resistance will be the origin.
• upper right: The upper right corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• lower right: The lower right corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• upper left: The upper left corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• lower left: The lower left corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• top center: The top center point of the resistance will be the
origin.
• left center: The left center point of the resistance will be the
origin.
• bottom center: The bottom center point of the resistance will be
the origin.
• right center: The right center point of the resistance will be the
origin.

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 COOLFlowResistance
COOL3D Components

Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin
(0,0,0) to the center, front face of the object.
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin
(0,0,0) to the center, front face of the object.
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin
(0,0,0) to the center, front face of the object.

Discretization
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

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 COOLFlowSpace
COOL3D Components

COOLFlowSpace
This template is used to model the flow space which will be used to constrain the flow in the model.

Cross Sections
Multiple columns should be used to represent an object that changes cross section. This is useful to create
objects that are not extruded along a constant path.

Cross Section Name Name of the 'CSBiRadial', 'CSCircle', 'CSCustom', 'CSEllipse', 'CSRect',
or 'CSRoundRect' reference object describing the geometry of the flow
space.
Distance to Next Cross Distance to the next cross section. The cross section specified above in
Section the same column will be extruded for this distance and blended with the
next specified cross section. Only a single cross section is necessary, in
which case this value will be the total length. When multiple cross
sections are specified, this is the length of each section. Also, with
multiple cross sections, the value of the last distance will be ignored as
there is not another cross section to extrude to. If wanted, "def" or "ign"
can be entered for the last cross section.
Relative Y Location of The relative distance in the Y-direction from the center of the first cross
Center section to current cross section. "def" will have a value of 0.
Relative Z Location of The relative distance in the Z-direction from the center of the first cross
Center section to current cross section. "def" will have a value of 0.

Location
Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a flow space location of (0,0,0).
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a flow space location of (0,0,0).
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object, or the cross section local
origin if 'CSCustom' is used for the Cross Section Name. Figure 1
shown below has a flow space location of (0,0,0).

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Figure 1: Location of a flow space in global space at location (0,0,0).

Initial State
Initial State Name Name of the 'FluidInitialState' reference object to describe the initial
conditions inside the flow space. This does not include the initial
conditions inside any heat exchangers.

Discretization
 Automatic The air within the flow space will be divided using a target discretization
Discretization length in both the Y and Z directions equal to 20% of the maximum
dimension of the flow space (considering both Y and Z directions). This
will result in 5 subvolumes in the direction of the largest dimension
(width in the screenshot below).

Discretization in the X direction will only occur at the locations of

components (equivalent to setting the Discretization Length Along X
direction to "ign"). This option should generally provide a good balance
between CPU time and model resolution.
 Discretization Length Specifies the target discretization length along the X direction of the flow
Along X direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm. A
value of "ign" will only look at the X location of the objects in the flow
space for the creation of the layers. Additional layers will not be created.

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() Discretization Specifies the target discretization length along the Y direction of the flow
Length Along Y direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm.
() Discretization Specifies the target discretization length along the Z direction of the flow
Length Along Z direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm.
Lateral Porosity Ratio Specifies the porosity of the air grid along the Y and Z direction with 0
being non-porous and 1 being fully porous. The value entered will be
passed to GT-SUITE as the forward and reverse discharge coefficient for
the orifice connections to the lateral flowsplits. A value of "def" will
automatically calculate the discharge coefficient based upon the
neighboring geometry.
Flow Split Acceptance Specifies the ratio of a cube's volume that must be contained inside the
Ratio flow space for that flowsplit to be retained. If a lower ratio of a cube's
volume is contained in the flow space, then COOL3D will throw out
(disregard) that flowsplit when discretizing the flow space. The default
value is 0.1.
This attribute should be used to retain normally thrown out flowsplits
that would significantly change the flow path inside the flow space. To
illustrate, assume that a series of flowsplits are thrown out in a small
section of the flow space. If this small section of the flow space
represents a significant flow path that should be considered (i.e. a gap
between two or more objects), then this attribute should be lowered so
that those flowsplits are kept, thus retaining the significant flow path.
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

Plot Options
Transient Plot Frequency A "snapshot" of all selected contour plots is taken at the specified
interval. "ign" will cause a "snapshot" to be taken at the end of the
simulation.

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COOLFlowSpaceSimple
This template is used to model a simple flow space which will be used to constrain the flow in the model.
The geometry of the flow space is automatically determined from the geometry of the components in the
model.

Location
Distance (X) to 1st Specifies the location of the starting cross section for the flow space
Component from Inlet relative to the component located at the smallest X position.
Distance (X) after Last Specifies the location of the last cross section for the flow space relative
Component to Outlet to the component located at the largest X position.

Initial State
Initial State Name Name of the 'FluidInitialState' reference object to describe the initial
conditions inside the flow space. This does not include the initial
conditions inside any heat exchangers.

Discretization
 Automatic The air within the flow space will be divided using a target discretization
Discretization length in both the Y and Z directions equal to 20% of the maximum
dimension of the flow space (considering both Y and Z directions). This
will result in 5 subvolumes in the direction of the largest dimension
(width in the screenshot below).

Discretization in the X direction will only occur at the locations of

components (equivalent to setting the Discretization Length Along X
direction to "ign"). This option should generally provide a good balance
between CPU time and model resolution.
 Discretization Length Specifies the target discretization length along the X direction of the flow
Along X direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm. A
value of "ign" will only look at the X location of the objects in the flow
space for the creation of the layers. Additional layers will not be created.
() Discretization Specifies the target discretization length along the Y direction of the flow
Length Along Y direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm.

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() Discretization Specifies the target discretization length along the Z direction of the flow
Length Along Z direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm.
Lateral Porosity Ratio Specifies the porosity of the air grid along the Y and Z direction with 0
being non-porous and 1 being fully porous. The value entered will be
passed to GT-SUITE as the forward and reverse discharge coefficient for
the orifice connections to the lateral flowsplits. A value of "def" will
automatically calculate the discharge coefficient based upon the
neighboring geometry.
Flow Split Acceptance Specifies the ratio of a cube's volume that must be contained inside the
Ratio flow space for that flowsplit to be retained. If a lower ratio of a cube's
volume is contained in the flow space, then COOL3D will throw out
(disregard) that flowsplit when discretizing the flow space. The default
value is 0.1.
This attribute should be used to retain normally thrown out flowsplits
that would significantly change the flow path inside the flow space. To
illustrate, assume that a series of flowsplits are thrown out in a small
section of the flow space. If this small section of the flow space
represents a significant flow path that should be considered (i.e. a gap
between two or more objects), then this attribute should be lowered so
that those flowsplits are kept, thus retaining the significant flow path.
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

Plot Options
Transient Plot Frequency A "snapshot" of all selected contour plots is taken at the specified
interval. "ign" will cause a "snapshot" to be taken at the end of the
simulation.

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COOLHeatAddition
This object is used to model the pressure drop and heat input rate for a simplified tube/fin heat exchanger
with a known heat transfer rate. The rate of heat input to the fluid may be specified either directly or as a
reference object.

Main
"As Tested" Heat Name of the 'HeatAdditionSpecs' reference object that describes the "as
Addition Specifications tested" heat addition configuration that was used in the lab to obtain the
Object performance data (pressure drop).
Heat Input Rate Heat transfer rate into the external fluid or the name of a dependency
reference object.
External Initial State Name of the 'FluidInitialState' reference object to describe the initial
Name conditions of the heat addition. If "def" is entered, the 'FluidInitialState'
in the 'COOLFlowSpace' will be used.

Location
Component Origin The origin reference location can be selected for the component from one
Reference of the following nine positions. The prefill is controlled from the
attribute Definition of Component Origin in Tools > Options. All
locations are assumed to be looking along the +X axis, with left being +Y
and top being +Z.
• center: The center point of the resistance will be the origin.
• upper right: The upper right corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• lower right: The lower right corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• upper left: The upper left corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• lower left: The lower left corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• top center: The top center point of the resistance will be the
origin.
• left center: The left center point of the resistance will be the
origin.
• bottom center: The bottom center point of the resistance will be
the origin.
• right center: The right center point of the resistance will be the
origin.
Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global

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origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
heat addition location of (0,0,0).
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
heat addition location of (0,0,0).
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
heat addition location of (0,0,0).

Figure 1: Location of a heat addition in global space at location (0,0,0).

"As Used" Configuration

Flow Orientation Will override the Flow Orientation value defined in the
Override 'HeatAdditionSpecs' reference object.
• ign: No changes will be made to the orientation of the heat
addition.
• horizontal: The heat addition will be considered at a horizontal
orientation.
• vertical: The heat addition will be considered at a vertical
orientation.
Anchor Point The location chosen here will determine where the anchor point is placed
for the scaling of the heat addition with Change in Core Height and
Change in Core Width. All locations are assumed to be looking along
the +X axis, with left being +Y and top being +Z.
• center: The center point of the heat addition will be fixed.

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• upper right: The upper right corner of the heat addition will be
fixed.
• lower right: The lower right corner of the heat addition will be
fixed.
• upper left: The upper left corner of the heat addition will be
fixed.
• lower left: The lower left corner of the heat addition will be
fixed.
• top center: The top center point of the heat addition will be
fixed.
• left center: The left center point of the heat addition will be
fixed.
• bottom center: The bottom center point of the heat addition will
be fixed
• right center: The right center point of the heat addition will be
fixed.
"As Used" Heat Addition The name of an 'HAScaleGeomTubeFin' reference object that is used to
Geometry Object scale the geometry of the heat addition. These new dimensions will be
(Scaling) used to predict the pressure drop of the heat addition. If scaling is not
desirable then "ign" should be entered.

Discretization
 Automatic The heat addition will be divided using a target discretization length in
Discretization both the horizontal and vertical directions equal to 20% of the maximum
dimension of the heat addition (considering both Y and Z directions).
This will result in 5 subvolumes in the direction of the largest dimension
(horizontal in the screenshot below).

This option should generally provide a good balance between CPU time
and model resolution.
 Horizontal Specifies the target discretization length along the horizontal direction of
Discretization Length the heat addition object. A value of "def" will assume a discretization
length of 50 mm.
() Vertical Specifies the target discretization length along the vertical direction of

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Discretization Length the heat addition object. A value of "def" will assume a discretization
length of 50 mm.
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.
Part Name in GTM Export The name given here will be used for the part name in the .gtm model
that is created. When attempting to compare multiple objects the same
part name should be given to directly compare those results in GT-POST.
If "ign" is entered, the part name will be the object name.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

Plot Options
Transient Plot Frequency A "snapshot" of all selected contour plots is taken at the specified
interval. "ign" will cause a "snapshot" to be taken at the end of the
simulation.

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COOLHeatExchanger
This object is used to model the heat transfer between a fluid and the wall of a tube/fin heat exchanger.
This object is configured such that the internal and external sides of the heat exchanger are modeled in
detail based upon the geometry of the entered.

Main
"As Tested" Heat Name of the 'HeatExchangerSpecs' reference object that describes the "as
Exchanger tested" heat exchanger configuration that was used in the lab to obtain the
Specifications Object performance data.
Internal Initial State Name of the 'FluidInitialState' or 'RefrigInitialState' reference object to
Name describe the initial condition of the heat exchanger internal flow.
External Initial State Name of the 'FluidInitialState' reference object to describe the initial
Name condition of the heat exchanger external flow. If "def" is entered, the
'FluidInitialState' in the 'COOLFlowSpace' will be used.
Initial Wall Temperature Wall temperature at the start of the simulation.

Location
Component Origin The origin reference location can be selected for the component from one
Reference of the following nine positions. The prefill is controlled from the
attribute Definition of Component Origin in Tools > Options. All
locations are assumed to be looking along the +X axis, with left being +Y
and top being +Z.
• center: The center point of the resistance will be the origin.
• upper right: The upper right corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• lower right: The lower right corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• upper left: The upper left corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• lower left: The lower left corner of the resistance will be the
origin.
• top center: The top center point of the resistance will be the
origin.
• left center: The left center point of the resistance will be the
origin.
• bottom center: The bottom center point of the resistance will be
the origin.
• right center: The right center point of the resistance will be the
origin.

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Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
heat exchanger location of (0,0,0).
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
heat exchanger location of (0,0,0).
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component's first cross section in
the global coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global
origin to the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a
heat exchanger location of (0,0,0).

Figure 1: Location of a heat exchanger in global space at location (0,0,0).

"As Used" Configuration

This folder is used to scale the heat exchanger from the test data conditions.

"As Used" Heat The name of an 'HxScaleGeomTubeFin' reference object that is used to
Exchanger Geometry scale the geometry of the heat exchanger. These new dimensions will be
Object (Scaling) used to predict the performance of the heat exchanger. If scaling is not
desirable then "ign" should be entered.
Performance Map Plots Check this attribute to display the predicted performance plots for the
for "As Used" Geometry "As Used" heat exchanger geometry. Plots for the Q/ETD and Pressure
Drop will be automatically generated using the information found in
'HxNuMap' and/or 'FlowPDrop' of the "As Tested" input data. If these
objects were not used for the "As Tested" input data, then predicted
performance plots will not appear for the "As Used' geometry.
The predicted performance plots that are generated will be assigned to

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the heat exchanger part name in GT-POST. This will allow a unique plot
to be created for each case if the scaled geometry is parameterized.
Location of 1st Pass Will override the Location of 1st Pass Relative to Center of Heat
Relative to Center of Exchanger value defined in the 'HeatExchangerSpecs' reference object.
Heat Exchanger Override
• ign: No changes will be made to the location of the first pass.
(Single Core Only)
• Positive: The first pass of the heat exchanger will be overridden
to be at the most positive position.
• Negative: The first pass of the heat exchanger will be overridden
to be at the most negative position.
This attribute will only have an effect if a single core heat exchanger is
modeled. This attribute is unused if a multi-core heat exchanger is
modeled.
Flow Orientation Will override the Flow Orientation value defined in the
Override 'HeatExchangerSpecs' reference object.
• ign: No changes will be made to the orientation of the heat
exchanger.
• horizontal: The heat exchanger will be considered at a
horizontal orientation.
• vertical: The heat exchanger will be considered at a vertical
orientation.
Inner Flow Direction of Will override the Inner Flow Direction of 1st Pass value defined in the
1st Pass Override 'HeatExchangerSpecs' reference object.
• ign: No changes will be made to the inner flow direction.
• Positive: The flow direction of the first pass will be overridden
to flow along the positive axis.
• Negative: The flow direction of the first pass will be overridden
to flow along the negative axis.
Anchor Point The location chosen here will determine where the anchor point is placed
for the scaling of the heat exchanger with Change in Tube Length and
Change in Number of Tubes (per Pass). All locations are assumed to
be looking along the +X axis, with left being +Y and top being +Z.
• center: The center of the heat exchanger will be fixed.
• upper right: The upper right corner of the heat exchanger will
be fixed.
• lower right: The lower right corner of the heat exchanger will be
fixed.
• upper left: The upper left corner of the heat exchanger will be
fixed.
• lower left: The lower left corner of the heat exchanger will be

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fixed.
• top center: The top center point of the heat exchanger will be
fixed.
• left center: The left center point of the heat exchanger will be
fixed.
• bottom center: The bottom center point of the heat exchanger
will be fixed
• right center: The right center point of the heat exchanger will be
fixed.

Options
Internal Option to condense water vapor and/or evaporate liquid water for the
Condense/Evaporate internal fluid on the basis of the relative humidity of the mixture. This
Water Vapor (Non- attribute does not apply to 'FluidRefrigerant' circuits, which do not
Refrigerant Circuits) require any settings to enable condensation.
• off: No condensation or evaporation is modeled.
• on_gas: Condensation and evaporation is enabled and the latent heat
is released entirely to the fluid.
• on_wall: Condensation and evaporation is enabled and the latent heat
is released entirely to the wall.
• default: Condensation and evaporation modeling is determined by
the equivalent attribute in the associated 'HeatExchangerSpecs'
object. When that attribute is checked on, the on_gas option is used.
Otherwise, this is set to off.
Enabling water condensation and evaporation modeling is the most
rigorous but in general also the most computationally expensive option
for modeling systems in which condensation may occur. In many cases,
it is not necessary to literally model condensation phenomena because
the mere occurrence of condensate is problematic and not tolerated
(typically for durability reasons). If with this constraint, it is
recommended to leave this option as off and instead monitor the "Water
Saturation (Dew) Temperature" and "Minimum Temperature Above
Water Saturation Temperature" variables in flow components. These
RLT variables must be activated by the user in Output
Setup\OtherOutput. Be aware that although cheaper than modeling the
condensation/evaporation process, these optional RLTs are also
associated with a noticeable computational cost. If the "Minimum
Temperature Above Water Saturation Temperature" goes negative, you
can conclude that the mixture has become overcooled.
If this flag is set to on_gas or on_wall the properties of both vapor and
liquid water must be defined.
Whenever possible, it is recommended to only have a single h2o vapor
and single h2o liquid species in the project tree to prevent confusion. In

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the event multiple liquid h2o species or multiple vapor h2o species are
defined in the project tree, the solver will print a warning message
displaying which species is the selected condensate/vaporizing species.
Condensed water can be withdrawn using an 'EjectorConn' object if
desired. This feature is often helpful in the modeling of EGR coolers.
NOTE: Although implemented for both the explicit and implicit solvers,
use of the implicit humidity solver may result in inaccuracies in the
condensation and evaporation calculations when using sufficiently large
timesteps and modeling high heat transfer rates. For these models
mixture relative humidities may depart from the expected relative
humidity, which can be observed using the Relative
Humidity 'SensorConn' output signal. If a study is particularly sensitive
to humidity calculations and this inaccuracy of the implicit solver is
unsuitable, improved condensation and evaporation accuracy can be
obtained by using the explicit solver.
External Option to condense water vapor and/or evaporate liquid water for the
Condense/Evaporate external fluid on the basis of the relative humidity of the mixture. This
Water Vapor (Non- attribute does not apply to 'FluidRefrigerant' circuits, which do not
Refrigerant Circuits) require any settings to enable condensation.
• off: No condensation or evaporation is modeled.
• on_gas: Condensation and evaporation is enabled and the latent heat
is released entirely to the fluid.
• on_wall: Condensation and evaporation is enabled and the latent heat
is released entirely to the wall.
• default: Condensation and evaporation modeling is determined by
the equivalent attribute in the associated 'HeatExchangerSpecs'
object. When that attribute is checked on, the on_gas option is used.
Otherwise, this is set to off.
Enabling water condensation and evaporation modeling is the most
rigorous but in general also the most computationally expensive option
for modeling systems in which condensation may occur. In many cases,
it is not necessary to literally model condensation phenomena because
the mere occurrence of condensate is problematic and not tolerated
(typically for durability reasons). If with this constraint, it is
recommended to leave this option as off and instead monitor the "Water
Saturation (Dew) Temperature" and "Minimum Temperature Above
Water Saturation Temperature" variables in flow components. These
RLT variables must be activated by the user in Output
Setup\OtherOutput. Be aware that although cheaper than modeling the
condensation/evaporation process, these optional RLTs are also
associated with a noticeable computational cost. If the "Minimum
Temperature Above Water Saturation Temperature" goes negative, you
can conclude that the mixture has become overcooled.
If this flag is set to on_gas or on_wall the properties of both vapor and
liquid water must be defined.

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Whenever possible, it is recommended to only have a single h2o vapor

and single h2o liquid species in the project tree to prevent confusion. In
the event multiple liquid h2o species or multiple vapor h2o species are
defined in the project tree, the solver will print a warning message
displaying which species is the selected condensate/vaporizing species.
Condensed water can be withdrawn using an 'EjectorConn' object if
desired. This feature is often helpful in the modeling of EGR coolers.
NOTE: Although implemented for both the explicit and implicit solvers,
use of the implicit humidity solver may result in inaccuracies in the
condensation and evaporation calculations when using sufficiently large
timesteps and modeling high heat transfer rates. For these models
mixture relative humidities may depart from the expected relative
humidity, which can be observed using the Relative
Humidity 'SensorConn' output signal. If a study is particularly sensitive
to humidity calculations and this inaccuracy of the implicit solver is
unsuitable, improved condensation and evaporation accuracy can be
obtained by using the explicit solver.
 Pipe Length for Inlet Enabling this checkbox will allow flow volumes to be created at the inlet
and Outlet Volumes and outlet of the internal side of the heat exchanger that use the reference
diameter entered in the heat exchanger geometry and the pipe length that
is defined. This will allow the neighboring pipe geometry seen on the
map to not influence the heat exchanger pressure drop and heat transfer
performance in order to better understand the influences of area changes.
Receiver Dryer Mixing Defines the liquid volume fraction (LVF) of all modeled Receiver/Dryers
Threshold at which liquid/gas mixing will begin. When the LVF is greater than this
threshold, liquid is output from the Receiver/Dryer components. When
the LVF drops below this threathold, the outlet is assumed to be a
mixture of the phases present in the 'ReceiverDryerRefrig' component.
("def" = 0.1)
Internal Friction This multiplier is applied to the friction portion of the heat exchanger
Multiplier pressure losses. The multiplier only applies to heat exchanger
components which are using the FlowPDrop reference object for the
pressure losses, with the "Calculate Pressure Drop with Friction and
Discharge Coefficient" option selected. Other pressure loss reference
objects will not be affected by this multiplier. The "def" option is
available and equal to a multiplier of 1.
Internal Heat Transfer This multiplier affects the heat transfer coefficient on the specified side
Multiplier of the heat exchanger. It applies to coefficients determined from the
HxNuMap reference object. Because the total thermal resistance of the
heat exchanger is dependent on both sides of the heat exchanger, using a
multiplier of 2 will not necessarily double the heat transfer rate to the
heat exchanger wall. The "def" option is available and equal to a
multiplier of 1.
External Friction This multiplier is applied to the friction portion of the heat exchanger
Multiplier pressure losses. The multiplier only applies to heat exchanger

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components which are using the FlowPDrop reference object for the
pressure losses, with the "Calculate Pressure Drop with Friction and
Discharge Coefficient" option selected. Other pressure loss reference
objects will not be affected by this multiplier. The "def" option is
available and equal to a multiplier of 1.
External Heat Transfer This multiplier affects the heat transfer coefficient on the specified side
Multiplier of the heat exchanger. It applies to coefficients determined from the
HxNuMap reference object. Because the total thermal resistance of the
heat exchanger is dependent on both sides of the heat exchanger, using a
multiplier of 2 will not necessarily double the heat transfer rate to the
heat exchanger wall. The "def" option is available and equal to a
multiplier of 1.

Discretization
 Automatic The heat exchanger will be divided using a target discretization length in
Discretization both the axial and tangential directions equal to 20% of the maximum
dimension of the heat exchanger (considering both Y and Z directions).
This will result in 5 subvolumes in the direction of the largest dimension
(axial in the screenshot below).

This option should generally provide a good balance between CPU time
and model resolution.
 Axial (Flow Direction) Specifies the target discretization length along the axial flow direction of
Discretization Length the heat exchanger object. The axial flow direction is defined as the
direction parallel to the internal flow path. A value of "def" will assume
a discretization length of 50 mm.
() Tangential Specifies the target discretization length along the tangential flow
Discretization Length direction of the heat exchanger object. The tangential flow direction is
defined as the direction perpendicular to the internal flow path (not along
the heat exchanger depth). A value of "def" will assume a discretization
length of 50 mm.
Inlet (Internal) The number entered here will be used as the subassembly port number
Subassembly Port for the inlet flow of the heat exchanger in the external .gtm model
Number created. If "def" is entered a number will be automatically assigned.
Outlet (Internal) The number entered here will be used as the subassembly port number
Subassembly Port for the outlet flow of the heat exchanger in the external .gtm model
Number created. If "def" is entered a number will be automatically assigned.

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 COOLHeatExchanger
COOL3D Components

Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.
Part Name in GTM Export The name given here will be used for the part name in the .gtm model
that is created. When attempting to compare multiple objects the same
part name should be given to directly compare those results in GT-POST.
If "ign" is entered, the part name will be the object name.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black
 Internal Flow Direction Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the arrows that
Transparency Percent represent the internal flow direction. 0 indicates opaque (solid) and 90
indicates almost completely transparent.
() Internal Flow Indicates the color used when drawing the arrows that represent the
Direction Display Color internal flow direction. The color choices include:
•Red •Gold
•Blue •Grey
•Dark Blue •Black
•Green •Blue-Red
•Copper •Red-Blue

Plot Options
Transient Plot Frequency A "snapshot" of all selected contour plots is taken at the specified
interval. "ign" will cause a "snapshot" to be taken at the end of the
simulation.

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 COOLSolidBlockage
COOL3D Components

COOLSolidBlockage
This object is used to model the flow resistance of an object impeding flow in a flow space. It is created
from a Solid Shape, using the imported solid geometry as the exact shape of the blockage. Holes cannot
be added to the COOLSolidBlockage, they must be present in the imported geometry.

Discretization
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. A value of 0
indicates opaque (solid) and a value of 90 indicates almost completely
transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

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 COOLSolidFlowSpace
COOL3D Components

COOLSolidFlowSpace
This template is used to model the flow space. This is required in order to create any other objects in
COOL3D. It is created from a Solid Shape, using the imported solid geometry as the exact shape of the
flowspace.

Location
Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin to
the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a flow
space location of (0,0,0).
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin to
the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a flow
space location of (0,0,0).
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin to
the center, front face of the object. Figure 1 shown below has a flow
space location of (0,0,0).

Figure 1: Location of a flow space in global space at location (0,0,0).

Main
Initial State Name Name of the 'FluidInitialState' reference object to describe the initial
conditions inside the flow space. This does not include the initial
conditions inside the heat exchangers.

Discretization
 Automatic The air within the flow space will be divided using a target discretization
Discretization length in both the Y and Z directions equal to 20% of the maximum
dimension of the flow space (considering both Y and Z directions). This

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 COOLSolidFlowSpace
COOL3D Components

will result in 5 subvolumes in the direction of the largest dimension

(width in the screenshot below).

Discretization in the X direction will only occur at the locations of

components (equivalent to setting the Discretization Length Along X
direction to "ign"). This option should generally provide a good balance
between CPU time and model resolution.
 Discretization Length Specifies the target discretization length along the X direction of the flow
Along X direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm. A
value of "ign" will only look at the X location of the objects in the flow
space for the creation of the layers. Additional layers will not be created.
() Discretization Specifies the target discretization length along the Y direction of the flow
Length Along Y direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm.
() Discretization Specifies the target discretization length along the Z direction of the flow
Length Along Z direction space. A value of "def" will assume a discretization length of 50 mm.
Lateral porosity ratio Specifies the porosity of the air grid along the Y and Z direction with 0
being non-porous and 1 being fully porous. The value entered will be
passed to GT-SUITE as the forward and reverse discharge coefficient for
the orifice connections to the lateral flowsplits. A value of "def" will
automatically calculate the discharge coefficient based upon the
neighboring geometry.
Flowsplit acceptance Specifies the ratio of a cube's volume that must be contained inside the
ratio flow space for that flowsplit to be retained. If a lower ratio of a cube's
volume is contained in the flow space, then COOL3D will throw out
(disregard) that flowsplit when discretizing the flow space. The default
value is 0.1.
This attribute should be used to retain normally thrown out flowsplits
that would significantly change the flow path inside the flow space. To
illustrate, assume that a series of flowsplits are thrown out in a small
section of the flow space. If this small section of the flow space
represents a significant flow path that should be considered (i.e. a gap
between two or more objects), then this attribute should be lowered so
that those flowsplits are kept, thus retaining the significant flow path.
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

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 COOLSolidFlowSpace
COOL3D Components

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

Plot Options
Transient Plot Frequency A "snapshot" of all selected contour plots is taken at the specified
interval. "ign" will cause a "snapshot" to be taken at the end of the
simulation.

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 DiscretizationPlane
COOL3D Components

DiscretizationPlane
This template is used to build discretization planes. Discretization planes are defined as the plane
perpendicular to a normal vector. The normal vector is given by 3 location attributes and 3 direction
attributes.

Location
Location X (Global) Specifies the absolute X location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin to
the center, front face of the object.
Location Y (Global) Specifies the absolute Y location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin to
the center, front face of the object.
Location Z (Global) Specifies the absolute Z location of the component in the global
coordinate system. The distance is measured from the global origin to
the center, front face of the object.
Direction X The X-component of the normal vector describing the discretization
plane.
Direction Y The Y-component of the normal vector describing the discretization
plane.

Direction Z The Z-component of the normal vector describing the discretization

plane.

Discretization
Parameterize Object to If checked, this object will become a parameter in Case Setup where it
Case Setup can be selected to be included or removed from Case to Case.

Visual
Discretization Plane Size Specifies the length and width to be used when drawing the discretization
plane in the graphical window.
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

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 GEMMeshShape
Component

GEMMeshShape – General Mesh Shape

This template is used to represent a shape imported from an external geometry file (STL). This
component cannot and will not be discretized into an exported model file (.gtm). To make sure this
component is represented when discretized, it must first be converted into a COOL3D component using
the Convert Mesh operation. The conversion operation can be undone using the De-Convert Mesh
operation as long as the "Allow Mesh Deconversion" option is turned on (checked)
in Tools>Options>Conversion.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the component. 0
indicates opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the component. The color choices
include:
• Red
• Blue
• Dark Blue
• Green
• Copper
• Gold
• Grey
• Black

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 COOL3D Features

CHAPTER 5: COOL3D Features

The COOL3D features section contains information on each of the features used in COOL3D. A
description of each feature is given as well as details about each attribute. These descriptions are the
same text that can be found in the context help for each template. The context help can be viewed while
using COOL3D by clicking the button in the upper left corner of each template. This button will have an
image of the template as well as a small question mark symbol.

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 ActuatorConn3D
COOL3D Features

ActuatorConn3D - Actuator Connection

This template is used to actuate quantities of a flow part from control components part in the discretized
.gtm model. The discretized model will have a 'ActuatorConn' and 'Gain' setup to automatically connect
to other control components in the model.

Main
Subassembly Port Specifies the port ID number to be used for the external subassembly
Number connection that is created during the discretization routine and connected
to the actuator through a gain (see image above). This value will get
copied directly into the Corresponding Subassembly Port # attribute
in the 'SubAssExternalConn' object that is created in the GT-SUITE
model file. This value can be any positive integer. If "def" is entered a
number will be automatically assigned.
Signal Quantity to Specifies the signal link ID number that corresponds to the quantity to be
Actuate actuated. The value selector (right-click) can be used to select the
actuated quantity from a list of allowed quantities.
Positioning for This section only matters if the template is used in GEM3D. Otherwise,
FlowSplit* or Pipe* this section can be ignored for COOL3D models.
(GEM3D Only)
Coordinate System Specifies the reference coordinate system used for specifying the location
of the actuator. Choices include:
• local indicates that the location entered below will be measured from
the local origin of the parent component.
• global indicates that the location entered below will be measured
from the global origin.
() Location X Specifies the X location of the actuator in the local or Global Coordinate
System.
() Location Y Specifies the Y location of the actuator in the local or Global Coordinate
System.

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COOL3D Features

() Location Z Specifies the Z location of the actuator in the local or Global Coordinate
System.
Normalized Actuator For Pipe* Parts: This attribute is used to specify a normalized axial
Location location in 'Pipe*' components at which the desired quantity is to be
actuated (because there may be several discretized volumes within
each 'Pipe*' part). The normalized location is a value between 0 and 1
with "0" defining the end of the pipe at port 1 (the inlet) and "1" defining
the end of the pipe at port 2 (the outlet). Setting this attribute to "ign"
will cause the selected quantity to be sensed at a normalized location of
0.
Note: The normalized location for almost all actuated quantities is
irrelevant (not used). There are only a few places where this attribute is
useful, so it is very common to leave this attribute set to "ign". For the
exceptions, see the context help for the 'ActuatorConn' template in GT-
ISE.

Visual
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the actuator. The color choices
include:
• Red
• Blue
• Dark Blue
• Green
• Copper
• Gold
• Grey
• Black
Show Actuator Label If checked, this will display the component name on the canvas.

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 FlowOpening
COOL3D Features

FlowOpening
This template is used to build fluid boundary conditions, or connections to another fluid circuit. The
opening is defined as a plane perpendicular to a normal vector. The normal vector is given by 3 location
attributes and 3 direction attributes. The shape of the opening will be extruded onto the
'COOLFlowSpace', which will then proceed to cut a hole for the fluid boundary or connection.

Main
Boundary Conditions Specify the type of boundary condition that will be assigned to the
opening.
 Imposed Boundary Select this option to specify the name of a 'COOLEndEnv',
Condition Reference 'COOLEndEnvRam', or 'COOLEndFlowInlet' reference object used to
Object impose the boundary condition on the 'COOLFlowSpace'.
 Subassembly Port Select this option to create a dangling 'SubAssExternalConn' connection
Number at the opening to integrate the model with another circuit. Entering an
integer will create a connection number to assist in the correct
connectivity of the discretized model. A value of "def" will
automatically assign a number.
() Characteristic It is recommended to specify the length of the attached flow volume at
Length of Flowsplit at the boundary location to automatically create a 'FlowSplitGeneral' that
Opening uses the correct geometry and connectivity, which is required to link the
discretized .ghx model with another flow part. This will then allow
'Pipe*' objects to connect directly to the external subassembly that is
created when a .ghx file is discretized. The 'FlowSplitGeneral' is
necessary because it is used to distribute the flow at the boundary
between a 1D flow volume part and the neighboring 'MatrixFlowSplit',
which contains multiple flow connections.
The length that is entered will be used to calculate the volume and
characteristic length of the automatically generated 'FlowSplitGeneral'.
The prefill value of 5 mm was selected to reduce the impact of any extra
volume added to the system, while attempting to take into consideration
any time step limitation of the explicit solver. If using the implicit
solver, the value entered should have little impact on the stability of the
solution. However, if using the explicit solver the time step may be
affected if the volume size generated is the limiting part in the flow
circuit. In this case, the characteristic length that is entered should be
increased while taking into account any extra volume that may be added
to the flow circuit.
A value of "ign", which is not recommended, will require a manual
'FlowSplitGeneral' to be created outside of the discretized model in order
to integrate an existing flow circuit at this opening. Some models may
evolve to this state in order to preserve old results. Using a non-"ign"
value allows the model to be built easier.
Boundary Flow Direction Define the direction of flow as an inlet or outlet boundary condition.
This will affect the arrow direction of the discretized model only.

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 FlowOpening
COOL3D Features

Cross Section Definition Specify the cross section shape and geometrical properties.

 Cross Section Name Name of the unique 'CSBiRadial', 'CSCircle', 'CSCustom', 'CSEllipse',
'CSRect', or 'CSRoundRect' reference object describing the geometry of
the flow opening.
If this option is selected, then the attributes in the Location folder will
need to be defined as well.
 Location of Opening Selecting this option will automatically create an opening for the
for Flow boundary condition.
• First Cross Section - the opening will be placed at the same
location and with the same geometry as the first cross section in
the 'COOLFlowSpace'.
• Last Cross Section - the opening will be placed at the same
location and with the same geometry as the last cross section in
the 'COOLFlowSpace'.
If this option is selected, then the attributes in the Location folder do not
need to be defined.
Expansion Area Ratio The flow volumes (flow splits) inside of the flow space that contact the
opening can optionally have their expansion diameter for the port
connected through the opening to the boundary condition increased
beyond what is typically calculated from the dimensions of the flow split.
The expansion area of each flow split will be multiplied by the factor
entered here ("def" = 1.0).
Discharge Coefficient The value for the discharge coefficient at the opening location. If a value
of 1 is entered, and the Imposed Boundary Condition Reference
Object above is 'COOLEndFlowInlet', then the value entered here will be
replaced with a value of "def". A value of "def" will have the coefficient
automatically calculated using the geometry of the mating flow
components.
This attribute is unused if Characteristic Length of Flowsplit at
Opening (above) is selected and set to "ign".

Location
The attributes in this folder are unused (invisible) if the radio button Location of Opening for Flow is
selected in the Main folder.
Location Definition The location of the boundary opening can be specified as local or global
coordinates.
• Global – the reference point is defined as the origin (0,0,0).
• Local – the reference points is defined as the center front face
location of the parent 'COOLFlowSpace' or
'COOLFlowSpaceSimple' object. If the 'COOLFlowSpace' or
'COOLFlowSpaceSimple' object changes location, then the
boundary opening will adjust as well.

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COOL3D Features

Location X Specifies the X location of the component as either a global or local

location depending on the Location Definition attribute above. The
distance is measured from the reference point to the center, front face of
the opening.
Location Y Specifies the Y location of the component as either a global or local
location depending on the Location Definition attribute above. The
distance is measured from the reference point to the center, front face of
the opening.
Location Z Specifies the Z location of the component as either a global or local
location depending on the Location Definition attribute above. The
distance is measured from the reference point to the center, front face of
the opening.
Direction X The X-component of the normal vector describing the flow opening.
Direction Y The Y-component of the normal vector describing the flow opening.

Direction Z The Z-component of the normal vector describing the flow opening.

Visual
Transparency Percent Indicates the transparency level used when drawing the part. 0 indicates
opaque (solid) and 90 indicates almost completely transparent.
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black
Display Original Cross When checked, this will draw the original cross section in the graphical
Section window. This should initially be used to ensure proper placement of the
flow opening.

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 HoleVolume
COOL3D Features

HoleVolume
This template is used to create a hole that will include the fluid volume. In addition, options are available
to define different flow resistance models at both the inlet and outlet of the hole. If flaps are to be
modeled, it is recommended to use the 'HoleVolumeZero' feature instead.

Main
Cross Section Name Name of the 'CSBiRadial', 'CSCircle', 'CSCustom', 'CSEllipse', 'CSRect',
or 'CSRoundRect' reference object that will be used to create the
extruded hole.
Relative Y Location of The relative distance in the Y-direction from the blockage center to the
Center center of the hole.
Relative Z Location of The relative distance in the Z-direction from the blockage center to the
Center center of the hole.
Upstream Flow Name of the 'EffAreaRestriction', 'FlowPDropLossCoef',
Resistance Model 'FlowPDropPowerLaw', 'FlowPDropTable', 'FlowPDropTableRef', or
'FlowPDropTempTable' reference object to describe the pressure drop
upstream of the hole (entering the hole). If "def" is entered, a default
orifice connection will be used.
Downstream Flow Name of the 'EffAreaRestriction', 'FlowPDropLossCoef',
Resistance Model 'FlowPDropPowerLaw', 'FlowPDropTable', 'FlowPDropTableRef', or
'FlowPDropTempTable' reference object to describe the pressure drop
downstream of the hole (exiting the hole). If "def" is entered, a default
orifice connection will be used.

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 HoleVolumeObject
COOL3D Features

HoleVolumeObject
This template is used to create a hole in a blockage that is taken up by some other COOL* object (heat
exchanger, heat addition, or fan). This allows the object to fit perfectly inside of the blockage without
any leakage paths around the component.

Main
COOL3D Object Name to Name of a COOL* object (heat exchanger, heat addition, or fan) that will
Fill Hole be used to create the hole in the blockage. The object selected will
automatically fit inside of the blockage and take up the space of the hole.

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 HoleVolumeZero
COOL3D Features

HoleVolumeZero
This template is used to create a hole that will have no fluid volume. This is typically used to model
holes in very thin objects where the volume that exists is not of concern, or to create flaps inside of a
blockage.

Main
Cross Section Name Name of the 'CSBiRadial', 'CSCircle', 'CSCustom', 'CSEllipse', 'CSRect',
or 'CSRoundRect' reference object that will be used to create the hole.
Relative Y Location of The relative distance in the Y-direction from the blockage center to the
Center center of the hole.
Relative Z Location of The relative distance in the Z-direction from the blockage center to the
Center center of the hole.
Upstream Flow Name of the 'EffAreaRestriction', 'FlowPDropLossCoef',
Resistance Model 'FlowPDropPowerLaw', 'FlowPDropTable', 'FlowPDropTableRef', or
'FlowPDropTempTable' reference object to describe the pressure drop of
the hole. A 'ValveActuLiftAreaCon', 'ValveActuLiftCdConn', or
'ValveCheckSimpleConn' reference object can be used instead if a flap is
to be modeled. If "def" is entered, a default orifice connection will be
used.

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 SensorConn3D
COOL3D Features

SensorConn3D - Sensor Connection

This template is used to sense quantities (pressure, temperature, velocity, etc) in a flow space to pass the
value to a control components part in the discretized .gtm model. The discretized model will have
a 'SensorConn' and 'Gain' setup to automatically connect to other control components in the model.

Main
Subassembly Port The number entered here will be used as the port number for
Number the 'SensorConn'. If "def" is entered a number will be automatically
assigned.
Signal Quantity to Sense Access the Value Selector to select the sensed quantity for the object.
Note: When selecting the Velocity (+X) or Velocity (-X) signal from the
COOLFlowSpace object, the +X and -X denote the X-location for the
subsequent layer that will be created. +X represents the most positive X-
value (the outlet face of a flowsplit), and -X represents the most negative
X-value (the inlet face of a flowsplit).
(only the attributes associated with the selected radio button need to be filled out)
 Coordinate System Specifies the reference location of the sensor in relation to the parent
object or global origin:
• local indicates that the location entered below will be measured from
the local origin of the parent object.
• global indicates that the location entered below will be measured
from the global origin.
() Location X Specifies the absolute X location of the component in the local or global
coordinate system.
() Location Y Specifies the absolute Y location of the component in the local or global
coordinate system.
() Location Z Specifies the absolute Z location of the component in the local or global
coordinate system.

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 SensorConn3D
COOL3D Features

 Normalized Sensor For Pipe* Parts: This attribute is used to specify a normalized axial
Location for Pipe* Parts location in 'Pipe*' components at which the desired quantity is to be
sensed (because there may be several discretized volumes within
each 'Pipe*' part). The normalized location is a value between 0 and 1
with "0" defining the end of the pipe at port 1 (the inlet) and "1" defining
the end of the pipe at port 2 (the outlet). The Interpolation Option
attribute below determines exactly how this location will be used.
When sensing from 'Pipe*' components, setting this attribute to "ign" will
cause the selected quantity to be sensed at a normalized location of 0.
() Interpolation Option One of the following choices:
for Pipe* Parts • use_nearest_volume indicates the sensor will report the value in
the nearest subvolume to the specified location. For example, if a
given 'Pipe*' part has two subvolumes, all specified sensor locations
between 0.0 and 0.5 will report the value from the first subvolume.
• interpolate indicates that the sensor will interpolate between the
nearest two subvolumes. If locations are requested outside of the
outer subvolume centroids, the centroid value will be reported. For
example, if a given 'Pipe*' part has two subvolumes (i.e. centroid
locations are at 0.25 and 0.75): requests between 0.0 and 0.25 will
report the value from the first subvolume, request between 0.25 and
0.75 will be interpolated between the two subvolume values, and
values between 0.75 and 1.0 will report the value from the second
subvolume.

Advanced
The three attributes below are used when sensing "Species Mass Fraction" or "Species Mole Fraction"
from flow components, or "Species Mass Flow Rate" or "Species Molar Flow Rate" from flow
connections. One of the three radio buttons below must be selected.
 Standard Sensed Any of the 13 standard species: CO2, H2O, N2, O2, CO, H2, H, O, OH,
Species Name NO, N, AR, SO2. Note this option is required for
sensing 'FluidPredfined' prod_* fluid objects. For all applications
involving a cylinder or aftertreatment component this option should be
used to sense species with the molecular formulas mentioned above.
() Standard Sensed This attribute is primarily for studying EGR or O2 pass through in detail.
Species Specification For most applications "total" is the safest and recommended option.:
• unburned: This option includes only the "unburned" species that is
present, for example O2 from fresh air in the intake manifold would
be flagged as "unburned". Also if that O2 passes through the
cylinder during valve overlap, but prior to combustion start, there
will be "unburned" O2 in the exhaust system.
• burned: This option includes only the "burned" species that is
present. Any of the 13 standard species produced by a combustion or
kinetic reaction object will be internally flagged as "burned". Also
any of the 13 standard species that passes through a cylinder or
reactor while combustion/reaction is occurring, even if that particular

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 SensorConn3D
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species is unreacted, will be flagged as "burned". For example

excess O2 from lean combustion will be flagged as "burned",
therefore there will be "burned" O2 in the exhaust system.
• total: This option senses the combination of a basic combustion
product/burned species and the basic unburned species. For example
if a user wishes to sense the "total" O2 concentration, this option will
include both the "burned" and "unburned" O2 that is present.
 User-Defined Sensed The name of the 'Fluid*' reference object that is being sensed. If there is
Species Object no cylinder or aftetreatment component in the model, and the species
being sensed is one of the 13 "standard" species as mentioned above,
then this attribute should be used, because the "standard" species won't
be created (in order to reduce computation time). Value Selector may be
used to select the fluid reference object from the template library. This
attribute radio button should be selected and value set to "ign" when not
sensing a species.
 Coverage or The text name of a surface coverage species used when sensing "Average
Combined Mixture Vapor Coverage" from a 'ChemConn' between a 'SurfaceReactions' part and an
Species Name aftertreatment flow component. For example "Ce2O3". The name must
be typed as text.
This attribute has the dual purpose of also supporting the sensing of
combined mixture vapor species, the vapor of a 'FluidMixtureCombined'.
For example if there is a combined mixture named "E85" in the model,
then "E85-vap" may be typed here to sense the combined mixture vapor
that is created internally by the solver. Again the sensor link must be set
to Species Mass or Mole Fraction or Species Mass or Molar Flow Rate.
Calculation for Sensed The selected choice will determine the mathematical operation to be
Quantity for Matrix* Part performed on the sensed quantity from the 'Matrix*' part. This option
can only be used in COOL3D models.
• average: If "average" is selected, then "pressure" is averaged
over the total volume, "velocity" is averaged over the area, and
any other quantity is simply averaged over the number of
subvolumes that exist in the part.
• local: If "local" is selected, then the quantity will be sensed from
the local element found at the location entered in the Main
folder.

Visual
Display Color Indicates the color used when drawing the object. The color choices
include:
•Red •Copper
•Blue •Gold
•Dark Blue •Grey
•Green •Black

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Show Sensor Label If checked, this will display the object name on the canvas.

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 COOL3D Cross Sections

CHAPTER 6: COOL3D Cross Sections

The COOL3D cross sections section contains information on each of the cross sections used in COOL3D.
A description of each cross section is given as well as details about each attribute. These descriptions are
the same text that can be found in the context help for each template. The context help can be viewed
while using COOL3D by clicking the button in the upper left corner of each template. This button will
have an image of the template as well as a small question mark symbol.

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 CSBiRadial
COOL3D Cross Sections

CSBiRadial – Bi-Radial Cross Section

This template is used to model a Bi-Radial cross section shape. For more detailed information regarding
this shape, see the drawing below. Cross sections are used to build flow space shapes, blockage shapes,
create holes in blockages, and create an opening for a fan in a fan shroud. Multiple cross sections of
different shapes can be combined to create complex component shapes.

Geometry
The Bi-Radial shape is defined using the following 4 attributes. Any 1 of these attributes can be
calculated if the other 3 are known. Therefore, any 1 of these attributes may be set to "def" as long
as the other 3 are specified and its value will be calculated automatically.
Radius 1 (Small radius) Small radius to be used on the 2 sides of the shape (R 1 ). "def" is allowed
(see note above).
Radius 2 (Large radius) Large radius to be used on the top and bottom of the shape (R 2 ). "def" is
allowed (see note above).
Height Overall height of the shape (H). "def" is allowed (see note above).
Width Overall width of the shape (W). "def" is allowed (see note above).

The Bi-Radial cross section shape is constructed from the drawing below and the following equations.
W
H = 2y z= − R1 y = R2 − v v = ( R2 − R1 ) 2 − z 2
2
W

R1 y
z H

R2

Bi-Radial Cross Section Shape

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 CSCircle
COOL3D Cross Sections

CSCircle – Circle Cross Section

This template is used to model a circular cross section. Cross sections are used to build flow space
shapes, blockage shapes, create holes in blockages, and create an opening for a fan in a fan shroud.
Multiple cross sections of different shapes can be combined to create complex component shapes.

Geometry
Diameter Diameter of the circular cross section.

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 CSCustom
COOL3D Cross Sections

CSCustom – User Defined Cross Section

This template is used to model an arbitrarily shaped cross section that is defined by the user. This is
accomplished by using the cross section editor. The cross section editor is used to create, modify, and
save custom cross section shapes to be used to build components and features. For help using the cross
section editor follow the link below.

Cross Section Editor

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 CSEllipse
COOL3D Cross Sections

CSEllipse – Elliptical Cross Section

This template is used to model an elliptical cross section. Cross sections are used to build flow space
shapes, blockage shapes, create holes in blockages, and create an opening for a fan in a fan shroud.
Multiple cross sections of different shapes can be combined to create complex component shapes.

Geometry
Major Diameter Specifies the major diameter of the ellipse.
Minor Diameter Specifies the minor diameter of the ellipse.

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 CSRect
COOL3D Cross Sections

CSRect – Rectangular Cross Section

This template is used to model a rectangular cross section. Cross sections are used to build flow space
shapes, blockage shapes, create holes in blockages, and create an opening for a fan in a fan shroud.
Multiple cross sections of different shapes can be combined to create complex component shapes.

This template can also be referenced from 'CFDBoundary' to define the boundary that is used for the data
mapping.

Geometry
Height Specifies the height of the rectangle.
Width Specifies the width of the rectangle.

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 CSRoundRect
COOL3D Cross Sections

CSRoundRect – Rounded Rectangular Cross Section

This template is used to modal a rectangular cross section with rounded corners. Cross sections are used
to build flow space shapes, blockage shapes, create holes in blockages, and create an opening for a fan in
a fan shroud. Multiple cross sections of different shapes can be combined to create complex component
shapes.

Geometry
Height Specifies the height of the rounded rectangle.
Width Specifies the width of the rounded rectangle.
Radius Specifies the radius of the corners of the rounded rectangle.

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 COOL3D Reference Templates

CHAPTER 7: COOL3D Reference Templates

The COOL3D reference templates section contains information on each of the reference objects used in
COOL3D. A description of each reference object is given as well as details about each attribute. These
descriptions are the same text that can be found in the context help for each template. The context help
can be viewed while using COOL3D by clicking the button in the upper left corner of each template.
This button will have an image of the template as well as a small question mark symbol.

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 COOLEndEnv
COOL3D Reference Templates

COOLEndEnv – Pressure Boundary

This template is a "dependency reference template", only available in COOL3D, that may be called to
describe end environment boundary conditions of pressure, temperature, and composition.

Main
Pressure Absolute pressure in the environment or the name of a dependency
reference object.
One can also point to a 'CFDBoundary' or 'RLTDependenceMapXYZ'
reference object to impose a pressure contour in the boundary object.
Temperature Temperature in the environment or the name of a dependency reference
object.
One can also point to a 'CFDBoundary' or 'RLTDependenceMapXYZ'
reference object to impose a temperature contour in the boundary object.
Pressure Flag One of the following choices:
• standard(total) indicates that the pressure and temperature will be
imposed as total (stagnation) conditions at the inlet of the attached
flow component. This is the most physically-meaningful boundary
condition and should normally be used.
• inlet-static indicates that the pressure and temperature will be
imposed as static conditions at the inlet of the attached flow
component. This boundary condition should only be used when the
flow is into the system. Because this option can introduce feedback
into the flow solution, it should not be used when the pressures just
inside the boundary are fluctuating, such as at the inlet manifold of
an engine. This option is made available for steady flow tests, such
as a simulated flow bench.
• outlet-reversing indicates that the environment is primarily an outlet
(exhaust) environment and that if the flow reverses back into the
system from the environment, the source temperature will be kept at
the last temperature that was exhausted. This feature is intended for
exhaust systems where there are brief intermittent reversals of flow
at the tailpipe outlet. These reversals should cause ingestion of the
warm mixture of the same temperature just exhausted a moment
before. This should be used when conducting an acoustic analysis of
the exhaust system.
Composition Name of a 'Fluid*' reference object that defines the composition of the
environment.
 Temperature Shift Option to add a temperature offset, which can be specified as constant,
time-varying, or a RLT dependence. This option is particularly useful if a
variable temperature shift is needed and 'CFDBoundary' is used to
specify temperature.

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 COOLEndEnv
COOL3D Reference Templates

Altitude and Humidity

Altitude Check the box below to model changes in fluid properties cause by
altitude changes.
 Altitude If the simulation is to occur over a range of altitudes, the
attributes Altitude and Reference Altitude can be specified to correct
the pressure and temperature.
Altitude of the environment or the name of a dependency reference
object for which the temperature and pressure should be corrected to. If
the correction of temperature and pressure for altitude is not desired, this
attribute should be set to "ign". ("def" = 0.0 = sea level)
() Reference Altitude Altitude at which the 'COOLEndEnv' pressure and temperature
correction will refer to. ("def" = 0.0 = sea level)
() Altitude Correction This attribute will be irrelevant if Altitude attribute above is set to "ign."
For… • PressureOnly indicates that only the 'COOLEndEnv' pressure will
be adjusted according to the equations below and that temperature is
not adjusted due to the specified altitude. This option is appropriate
when altitude-adjusted mean sea level pressures are used for
the 'COOLEndEnv'>Main>Pressure attribute and the local-
elevation temperature is known. This is appropriate for many
applications as altitude-adjusted temperatures are not commonly
reported.
• PresAndTemp indicates that both the 'COOLEndEnv' pressure and
temperature will be adjusted due to altitude according to the
equations below.
• TemperatureOnly indicates that only the 'COOLEndEnv'
temperature will be corrected according to the equations below and
that pressure is not adjusted due to the specified altitude.
• [ALTOPT] creates a parameter that is used to set the
options PressureOnly, PresAndTemp, and TemperatureOnly in a
dropdown menu in Case Setup.
Humidity Complete the attributes below to model humidity in a gas.

Relative Humidity Relative humidity of Humidity Species (specified below) in the fresh air
(Added to specified fresh (i.e., excluding any burned gases and fuel in the mixture) evaluated at the
air Composition) initial environment temperature and pressure. If the environment
pressure and/or temperature is transient, the added absolute humidity
remains constant and the relative humidity of the fluid source will
change. A value of "ign" results in no humidity correction to the
composition.
• If dry air without any burned species is specified in the Composition
attribute of the Main folder, then the Humidity Species
corresponding to the entered humidity is added to the composition.
• If unburned H 2 O is already specified in the Composition attribute,
then only "ign" is allowed.

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• If a mixture of dry air and burned species are specified in the

Composition attribute, then Humidity Species will be added to
produce the specified humidity for only the unburned species (i.e.,
dry air). This approach enables a simple way to impose the relative
humidity of a mixture of fresh wet air and EGR.
• For liquid circuits, this attribute should always be set to "ign"

Recall that at a given temperature the maximum possible relative

humidity is the ratio of pressure and the saturation pressure or 1,

φ max = min (P Psat T ,1)

A relative humidity greater than this maximum is not allowed. Note that
a relative humidity specification should be avoided when the fluid
temperature is near critical (T crit,H2O = 647K) because the humidity
content becomes extremely sensitive to the relative humidity value (and
undefined when supercritical). For these cases, H 2 O can be added
manually using a 'FluidMixture' reference object instead.
Humidity Species 'FluidGas', 'FluidNASA-LiqGas', or 'FluidPreDefined' reference object
for H 2 O vapor. Non-H 2 O humidity species are not supported at this time.
Parameters are allowed, and "ign" is permitted if and only if Relative
Humidity is set to "ign".
 Apply Humidity to When choosing this option, pressure and temperature defined in the Main
Initial Conditions Folder are taken as the underlying reference condition for the above
specified humidity value.
 Reference Pressure The entered pressure is taken as the reference pressure for the above
entered relative humidity. In case the entered value and the pressure
defined in the Main Folder differ, the relative humidity is re-calculated to
match the imposed fluid pressure. This implies that the absolute humidity
is held constant after it is calculated using the reference pressure.
() Reference The entered temperature is taken as the reference temperature for the
Temperature above entered relative humidity. In case the entered value and the
temperature defined in the Main Folder differ, the relative humidity is re-
calculated to match the imposed fluid temperature. This implies that the
absolute humidity is held constant after it is calculated using the
reference temperature.

Note: The altitude corrections for temperature and pressure are based on the following equations and are
intended for air only (not applicable to other gases or liquids). The altitude corrections are limited to
geometric altitudes at or below 86 km.

The geopotential altitude corrects for the variation in the acceleration due to gravity and is used only for
internal calculations. The geopotential altitude is related to the geometric altitude by the following
equation:

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r0 h
z=
r0 + h

where
z = the geopotential altitude
r 0 = the radius of the Earth = 6,356 km
h = the geometric altitude

The table below uses the geopotential altitude to lookup which altitude zone should be used.

Standard Atmosphere Model Altitude Zones

i z i , km' L i , K/km'
0 0 -6.5
1 11 0.0
2 20 1.0
3 32 2.8
4 47 0.0
5 51 -2.8
6 71 -2.0
7 84.852 --

Sea level conditions are T 0 = 288.15 K and P 0 = 101,325 Pa when Reference Altitude = 0 meters. Unless
the PressureOnly option is selected, the corrected temperature at various altitudes is found using:

T = Ti + Li ( z − z i )

where
T = corrected temperature
T i = temperature at the start of the current altitude zone
L i = temperature gradient of the current altitude zone
z = current geopotential altitude
z i = geopotential altitude at the start of the current altitude zone

Unless the TemperatureOnly option is selected, the corrected pressure is found using one of two
equations. If L i ≠ 0, the pressure is found using the equation:

 g 0W0 
 
 T   RLi 

P = Pi  i 
T 

where
P = corrected temperature
P i = pressure at the start of the current altitude zone
g 0 = acceleration due to gravity, 9.80665 m/s2
W 0 = molar mass of air, 28.9644 kg/kmol
R = gas constant, 8,314.32 J/kmol-K

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If L i = 0, the pressure is calculated using:

 − g 0W0 ( z − z i ) 
P = Pi exp 
 RT i 

References
Mattingly, J. (2006). Appendix A. In Elements of propulsion: Gas turbines and rockets (p. 789). Reston,
Va.: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

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 COOLEndEnvRam
COOL3D Reference Templates

COOLEndEnvRam – End Environment with Ram Velocity

This template is a "dependency reference template", only available in COOL3D, that may be called to
describe end environment boundary conditions of pressure, temperature, and composition when the effect
of ram air velocity are to be taken into account. The total pressure at the inlet boundary will be calculated
as follows from the data entered below:
ptotal = p static + 12 c pc ρV 2
p total = Total pressure in the environment
p static = Static Pressure (specified below)
c pc = Ram Air Pressure Coefficient (specified below)
ρ = Density at the specified atmospheric temperature and pressure
V = External Ram Air Velocity (specified below)

Main
Static Pressure Static pressure in the environment or the name of a dependency reference
object.
One can also point to a 'CFDBoundary' or 'RLTDependenceMapXYZ'
reference object to impose a pressure contour in the boundary object.
Temperature Temperature in the environment or the name of a dependency reference
object.
One can also point to a 'CFDBoundary' or 'RLTDependenceMapXYZ'
reference object to impose a temperature contour in the boundary object.
 External Ram Air Velocity of the ram air relative to the vehicle or the name of a
Velocity dependency reference object.
One can also point to a 'CFDBoundary' or 'RLTDependenceMapXYZ'
reference object to impose a velocity contour in the boundary object.
 Vehicle Part Providing The name of a 'VehicleBody' part in the model that will provide the
Ram Air Velocity velocity of ram air.
Ram Air Pressure Coefficient to the dynamic pressure term. Caution: For flow entering a
Coefficient system, this value should be a positive number between 1 and 0. For flow
exiting a system, however, this value should be a negative number
between 0 and -1.
Composition Name of a 'Fluid*' reference object that defines the composition of the
environment.
 Temperature Shift Option to add a temperature offset, which can be specified as constant,
time-varying, or a RLT dependence. This option is particularly useful if a
variable temperature shift is needed and 'CFDBoundary' is used to
specify temperature.

Altitude and Humidity

Altitude Check the box below to model changes in fluid properties cause by
altitude changes.

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 Altitude If the simulation is to occur over a range of altitudes, the attributes

Altitude and Reference Altitude can be specified to correct the pressure
and temperature.
Altitude of the environment or the name of a dependency reference
object for which the temperature and pressure should be corrected to. If
the correction of temperature and pressure for altitude is not desired, this
attribute should be set to "ign". ("def" = 0.0 = sea level)
() Reference Altitude Altitude at which the 'COOLEndEnvRam' pressure and temperature
correction will refer to. ("def" = 0.0 = sea level)
() Altitude Correction This attribute will be irrelevant if Altitude attribute above is set to "ign."
For… • PressureOnly indicates that only the 'COOLEndEnvRam' pressure
will be adjusted according to the equations below and that
temperature is not adjusted due to the specified altitude. This option
is appropriate when altitude-adjusted mean sea level pressures are
used for the 'COOLEndEnvRam'>Main>Pressure attribute and the
local-elevation temperature is known. This is appropriate for many
applications as altitude-adjusted temperatures are not commonly
reported.
• PresAndTemp indicates that both the 'COOLEndEnvRam' pressure
and temperature will be adjusted due to altitude according to the
equations below.
• TemperatureOnly indicates that only the 'COOLEndEnvRam'
temperature will be corrected according to the equations below and
that pressure is not adjusted due to the specified altitude.
• [ALTOPT] creates a parameter that is used to set the
options PressureOnly, PresAndTemp, and TemperatureOnly in a
dropdown menu in Case Setup.

Humidity There are two options available to specify the reference conditions for
the relative humidity entered above.
Relative Humidity Relative humidity of Humidity Species (specified below) in the fresh air
(Added to specified fresh (i.e., excluding any burned gases and fuel in the mixture) evaluated at the
air Composition) initial environment temperature and pressure. If the environment
pressure and/or temperature is transient, the added absolute humidity
remains constant and the relative humidity of the fluid source will
change. A value of "ign" results in no humidity correction to the
composition.
• If dry air without any burned species is specified in the Composition
attribute of the Main folder, then the Humidity Species
corresponding to the entered humidity is added to the composition.
• If unburned H 2 O is already specified in the Composition attribute,
then only "ign" is allowed.
• If a mixture of dry air and burned species are specified in the
Composition attribute, then Humidity Species will be added to
produce the specified humidity for only the unburned species (i.e.,

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dry air). This approach enables a simple way to impose the relative
humidity of a mixture of fresh wet air and EGR.
• For liquid circuits, this attribute should always be set to "ign"

Recall that at a given temperature the maximum possible relative

humidity is the ratio of pressure and the saturation pressure or 1,

φ max = min (P Psat T ,1)

A relative humidity greater than this maximum is not allowed. Note that
a relative humidity specification should be avoided when the fluid
temperature is near critical (T crit,H2O = 647K) because the humidity
content becomes extremely sensitive to the relative humidity value (and
undefined when supercritical). For these cases, H 2 O can be added
manually using a 'FluidMixture' reference object instead.
Humidity Species 'FluidGas', 'FluidNASA-LiqGas', or 'FluidPreDefined' reference object
for H 2 O vapor. Non-H 2 O humidity species are not supported at this time.
Parameters are allowed, and "ign" is permitted if and only if Relative
Humidity is set to "ign".
 Apply Humidity to When choosing this option, pressure and temperature defined in the Main
Initial Conditions Folder are taken as the underlying reference condition for the above
specified humidity value.
 Reference Pressure The entered pressure is taken as the reference pressure for the above
entered relative humidity. In case the entered value and the pressure
defined in the Main Folder differ, the relative humidity is re-calculated to
match the imposed fluid pressure. This implies that the absolute humidity
is held constant after it is calculated using the reference pressure.
() Reference The entered temperature is taken as the reference temperature for the
Temperature above entered relative humidity. In case the entered value and the
temperature defined in the Main Folder differ, the relative humidity is re-
calculated to match the imposed fluid temperature. This implies that the
absolute humidity is held constant after it is calculated using the
reference temperature.

Note: The altitude corrections for temperature and pressure are based on the following equations and are
intended for air only (not applicable to other gases or liquids). The altitude corrections are limited to
geometric altitudes at or below 86 km.

The geopotential altitude corrects for the variation in the acceleration due to gravity and is used only for
internal calculations. The geopotential altitude is related to the geometric altitude by the following
equation:

r0 h
z=
r0 + h

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where
z = the geopotential altitude
r 0 = the radius of the Earth = 6,356 km
h = the geometric altitude

The table below uses the geopotential altitude to lookup which altitude zone should be used.

Standard Atmosphere Model Altitude Zones

i z i , km' L i , K/km'
0 0 -6.5
1 11 0.0
2 20 1.0
3 32 2.8
4 47 0.0
5 51 -2.8
6 71 -2.0
7 84.852 --

Sea level conditions are T 0 = 288.15 K and P 0 = 101,325 Pa when Reference Altitude = 0 meters. Unless
the PressureOnly option is selected, the corrected temperature at various altitudes is found using:

T = Ti + Li ( z − z i )

where
T = corrected temperature
T i = temperature at the start of the current altitude zone
L i = temperature gradient of the current altitude zone
z = current geopotential altitude
z i = geopotential altitude at the start of the current altitude zone

Unless the TemperatureOnly option is selected, the corrected pressure is found using one of two
equations. If L i ≠ 0, the pressure is found using the equation:

 g 0W0 
 
 T   RLi 

P = Pi  i 
T 

where
P = corrected temperature
P i = pressure at the start of the current altitude zone
g 0 = acceleration due to gravity, 9.80665 m/s2
W 0 = molar mass of air, 28.9644 kg/kmol
R = gas constant, 8,314.32 J/kmol-K

If L i = 0, the pressure is calculated using:

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 − g 0W0 ( z − z i ) 
P = Pi exp 
 RT i 

References
Mattingly, J. (2006). Appendix A. In Elements of propulsion: Gas turbines and rockets (p. 789). Reston,
Va.: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

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 COOLEndFlowInlet
COOL3D Reference Templates

COOLEndFlowInlet – Imposed Flow Rate

This template is a "dependency reference template", only available in COOL3D, that may be called to
impose a flow rate into or out of an attached flow component. The flow rate of the fluid may be specified
as volumetric flow rate, mass flow rate, velocity or mass flux. Positive values for volumetric flow rate,
mass flow rate, velocity or mass flux indicate that flow is out of the 'COOLEndFlowInlet' part and into
the system.

When this template is used, the code actually calculates the pressure at the boundary that is required to
meet the flow rate specified by the user. This can cause stability problems if the user specifies a flow rate
that is not appropriate for the system. For example, if a huge amount of flow is specified to go through a
small pipe, orifice, valve, etc., then the pressure in the 'COOLEndFlowInlet' and any upstream flow
components will rise very rapidly. Eventually, the density and/or Mach number will increase enough to
meet the specified flow rate, but the resultant fluid state may be so ridiculous that the fluid properties, etc.
can become unstable before the specified flow rate is met. The stability of the solution is particularly
sensitive for liquids because the density changes very little as the pressure rises, resulting in extremely
rapid pressure increases.

Main
 Volumetric Flow Rate Volumetric flow rate to be imposed at the inlet of the attached flow
component or the name of a dependency reference object.
Note that the pressure at the inlet will vary as necessary to achieve the
specified volumetric flow rate. As a result, the density of the incoming
air will vary, and therefore, this attribute cannot be used to impose a
"standardized" volumetric flow rate. ("Standardized refers to a
volumetric flow rate that has been corrected to a reference temperature
and pressure.) To impose a standardized volumetric flow rate, please
refer to Mass Flow Rate immediately below.
 Mass Flow Rate / Air Mass flow rate to be imposed at the inlet of the attached flow component
scfm or the name of a dependency reference object.
If a "standardized" volumetric flow rate is to be imposed, it can be
equated to an equivalent mass flow rate and should be imposed with this
attribute instead of the one immediately above (see above). The unit of
"scfm(air)", standardized cubic feet per minute of air, is directly
available in the units menu. Therefore, no conversion is necessary to
impose a standardized volumetric flow rate of air that has been corrected
to the standard of 298 K and 1.01325 bar.
 Velocity Velocity to be imposed at the inlet of the attached flow component or the
name of a dependency reference object.
One can also point to a 'CFDBoundary' or 'RLTDependenceMapXYZ'
reference object to impose a velocity contour in the boundary object.
 Mass Flux Mass Flux to be imposed at the inlet of the attached flow component or
the name of a dependency reference object. The area which is used to
calculate the total mass flow rate will be taken from the
respective 'FlowOpening' to which the boundary condition is applied.

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Temperature Temperature of the fluid or the name of a dependency reference object.

One can also point to a 'CFDBoundary' or 'RLTDependenceMapXYZ'
reference object to impose a temperature contour in the boundary object.
Composition Name of a 'Fluid*' reference object that defines the composition of the
fluid.
Initialize Flow Rate for When activated, this option will propagate the imposed flow rate to
Adjacent Connection? downstream connections. The solver will attempt to initialize the entire
flow circuit to match the specified flow rate but any flow splits in the
model will require that only one of the orifice connections have an
undefined "Initial Mass Flow Rate" so that the proper mass flow rate can
be determined by looking at the "Initial Mass Flow Rate" in each of the
other connections.
 Temperature Shift Option to add a temperature offset, which can be specified as constant,
time-varying, or a RLT dependence. This option is particularly useful if a
variable temperature shift is needed and 'CFDBoundary' is used to
specify temperature.

Humidity
Relative Humidity Relative humidity of Humidity Species (specified below) in the fresh air
(Added to specified fresh (i.e., excluding any burned gases and fuel in the mixture) evaluated at the
air Composition) initial environment temperature and an assumed 1 bar pressure. A value
of "ign" results in no humidity correction to the composition.
• If dry air without any burned species is specified in the Composition
attribute of the Main folder, then the Humidity Species
corresponding to the entered humidity is added to the composition.
• If unburned H 2 O is already specified in the Composition attribute,
then only "ign" is allowed.
• If a mixture of dry air and burned species are specified in the
Composition attribute, then Humidity Species will be added to
produce the specified humidity for only the unburned species (i.e.,
dry air). This approach enables a simple way to impose the relative
humidity of a mixture of fresh wet air and EGR.
• For liquid circuits, this attribute should always be set to "ign"

Recall that at a given temperature the maximum possible relative

humidity is the ratio of pressure and the saturation pressure or 1,

φ max = min (P Psat T ,1)

A relative humidity greater than this maximum is not allowed. Note that
a relative humidity specification should be avoided when the fluid
temperature is near critical (T crit,H2O = 647K) because the humidity
content becomes extremely sensitive to the relative humidity value (and
undefined when supercritical). For these cases, H 2 O can be added

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manually using a 'FluidMixture' reference object instead.

Humidity Species 'FluidGas', 'FluidNASA-LiqGas', or 'FluidPreDefined' reference object
for H 2 O vapor. Non-H 2 O humidity species are not supported at this time.
Parameters are allowed, and "ign" is permitted if and only if Relative
Humidity is set to "ign".
 Apply Humidity to When choosing this option, 1 bar pressure and the temperature defined in
Initial Conditions the Main Folder are taken as the underlying reference conditions for the
above specified humidity value.
 Reference Pressure The entered pressure is taken as the reference pressure for the above
entered relative humidity. In case the entered value and the pressure
defined in the Main Folder differ, the relative humidity is re-calculated to
match the imposed fluid pressure. This implies that the absolute humidity
is held constant after it is calculated using the reference pressure.
() Reference The entered temperature is taken as the reference temperature for the
Temperature above entered relative humidity. In case the entered value and the
temperature defined in the Main Folder differ, the relative humidity is re-
calculated to match the imposed fluid temperature. This implies that the
absolute humidity is held constant after it is calculated using the
reference temperature.

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 EffAreaRestriction
COOL3D Reference Templates

EffAreaRestriction
This template is used to restrict the area of a blockage hole that is available for flow in 'HoleVolume' or
'HoleVolumeZero'. This is typically used to model the restrictions of the grille in a fascia without having
to model the individual openings.

Arrays
Effective Area Ratio The fraction of the hole area that is open for flow. The value entered will
be used to reduce the flow area of the hole opening. A value of "def" is a
ratio of 1.
The value entered will be used to calculated an effective diameter from
the area of the hole:

Eff. Dia. =
4
( AreaHole )(RatioEff. Area )
π

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 XYTableSimple
COOL3D Reference Templates

XYTableSimple
This template is a "dependency reference template", only available in COOL3D, that may be called to
specify the distribution of the air flow, Y, through a fan as a function of the radial position, X. The
multiplier that is applied is a surface integral of the following form:

∫∫ R dydz
n
d

, where R d = Normalized radial distribution function

∫∫ R dydz
total _ fan
d

Arrays
X Data Array of the radial position of the fan measured from the edge of the hub
to the outer blade. This data will be normalized to a dimensionless
number from 0 to 1.
Y Data Array corresponding to the X Data that defines the distribution of the air
flow. This data will be normalized to a dimensionless number from 0 to
1.

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 Index

Index
COOLFlowSpace, 85
A COOLFlowSpaceSimple, 88
COOLHeatAddition, 90
ACIS, 40, 41 COOLHeatExchanger, 94
Actuator, 9, 109 COOLSolidBlockage, 102
Add Arc, 28 COOLSolidFlowSpace, 103
Add Point/Line, 27 Copy, 5
Ambients, 129, 134 Cross Section Editor, 27
Area, 28 Cross Section Ruler, 29
Area Resistance, 83 Cross Section Unit, 29
Area Restriction, 142 CSBiRadial, 122
Assembly Rotation, 10, 19 CSCircle, 123
CSCustom, 124
B CSEllipse, 125
Black diamond, 13 CSRect, 126
Blockage, 9 CSRoundRect, 127
Body, 14 Cut, 5
Boundary Conditions Cutting Plane, 11, 30
COOLEndEnv, 129 Local, 11
COOLEndEnvRam, 134 Restore, 11
COOLEndFlowInlet, 139
D
C De-convert component, 12
Case Setup, 15, 20 Default Unit Change, 16
Center canvas, 28 Delete, 5, 12, 28
Center polygon, 29 Unused Objects/Templates, 5
Clear All, 28 Dimensioning, 14
Clip, 12 Discretization, 4
Close Model, 3 Discretization Plane, 10
Compare files, 15 DiscretizationPlane, 106
Components Axis, 7 Distance, 14
Control Elements, 14 Drill Mode, 14
Control Points, 15 Duct, 9
Conversion
Remove data, 13 E
Convert shape, 12 Edit, 5
Convert Shape, 22 Edit Model Description, 5
Convert Shape Wizard EffAreaRestriction, 142
Blockage Conversion, 25 Environments, 129, 134, 139
Flow Space Conversion, 23 Exit, 4
Convert solid, 13 Export ACIS, 4, 38
COOLBlockage, 74 Export gtm, 4, 31
COOLDuct, 76 Export Image, 4, 36
COOLEndEnv, 129 Export stl, 4
COOLEndEnvRam, 134 Export STL, 37
COOLEndFlowInlet, 139
COOLFan, 78
COOLFlowResistance, 83

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 Index

F M
Fan, 9 Mark
Filter Meshes, 12, 39 Face, 11
Find, 5 Mark, 10
Fit to screen, 28 Redo, 11
Flaps, 9, 116 Surface, 10
Flip Horizontal, 29 Triangle, 11
Flip Vertical, 29 Undo, 11
Flow Boundary Condition, 9 Maximize Selected, 16
Flow Opening, 9 Maximize/Restore, 16
Flow Resistance, 9 Merge meshes, 12
Flow Space, 8 Message Window, 6
Flow Space Simple, 9 Model Sectioning, 7
FlowOpening, 111 Model Validation Check, 15
Fluid Boundary, 111 Model View Layout, 6, 54
Move Group, 27
G Move to, 7
GEMMeshShape, 107
N
General, 13
Global Axis, 7 New Model, 3
Grid, 7 Next Tab, 16
GT-ISE, 16 Notes, 5

H O
Heat Addition, 9 Open Examples, 3
Heat Exchanger, 9 Open Model, 3
Hole With Object, 10, 115
Hole With Volume, 9, 114 P
Hole With Zero Volume, 9, 116
HoleVolume, 114 Page Setup, 4
HoleVolumeObject, 115 Paint
HoleVolumeZero, 116 Face, 11
Horizontal Symmetry, 29 Paint, 10
Redo, 11
Surface, 10
I
Triangle, 11
IGES, 40, 43 Undo, 11
Implicit Objects Parameters, 20
Refresh, 5 Parasolid, 40, 45
Import 3D, 40 Paste, 5
Import Excel Objects, 3 Patch mesh ports, 13
Import Shell, 3, 40, 41, 43, 45, 47, 48, 51 Perspective View, 7
Import STL, 3 Polygon Vertices, 28, 55
Pressure Drop Plane, 83
L Pressure Drop Plane, 9
Previous Tab, 16
Last Opened File List, 4 Print, 4, 56
Local Cutting Plane, 11, 53 Print Preview, 4, 57

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 Index

Q Toggle Grid, 27
Toolboxes, 8
Quick Drill, 14
Tools>Options, 16, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67
Translation, 10, 69
R Tutorial, 17
Redo, 5, 27
Refresh, 3 U
Reload, 3
Undo, 4, 27
Remove deconversion data, 13
Units
Rename, 5
Change Default, 16
Reset View, 7
Unselect All, 14
Restore cutting plane, 11
Rotate, 6, 28
V
S Validate Drawing, 28
Vehicle
Save As, 3
Ram Air Velocity, 134
Save Model, 3
Vertical Symmetry, 29
Select all meshes, 12
View Model Sectioning, 70
Send Model, 3
View Modes, 8
Sensor, 9
Visual Attributes, 5
SensorConn3D, 117
Volume, 15
Separate by Curves, 12
Volume Calculation, 72
Set Anchor Point, 29
Set Rotation Point, 6, 58
Snap to Grid, 27 X
SPACECLAIM, 16 XYTableSimple, 143
STL, 3, 40, 47, 48, 51
Stop Current Operation, 15 Z

T Zoom, 6
Zoom Default, 28
Template Library, 16 Zoom In, 28
Tile Horizontally, 16 Zoom Out, 28
Tile Vertically, 16

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