OSCILLATION

1. Derive the time period of Physical pendulum and explain at which condition the time period
is minimum. [4]
2. A particle having mass 100gm is in oscillation in a medium having damping constant 0.5
kg/s. Calculate the time in which the amplitude becomes half of its initial amplitude. [2]
3. Show that there exist four collinear points in physical pendulum and also show that point of
suspension and oscillation are interchangeable .
4. Derive the time period of torsion pendulum. Using it find the moment of inertia of irregular
rigid body and modulus of rigidity of wire. [4]
5. A particle of mass 200gm is in oscillation in a medium having damping constant 0.6kg/s with
frequency of oscillation 5Hz. Calculate the quality factor. [2]
6. Derive the differential equation of damped oscillation and write its solution. Explain the
conditions of damping with necessary graph. [4]
7. A disc of radius 10 cm is oscillating in a vertical plane about horizontal axis Find the
distance of the axis of rotation from the centre for which time period is minimum. [2]
8. Show that the damping reduces the frequency by 1/8Q2. [4]
9. A disc of mass 2kg and diameter 20cm is suspended on a wire having torque constant 5×10-3
Nm/rad. Calculate the time period of angular oscillation. [2]
10. Derive the differential equation of forced oscillation and write the amplitude of such
oscillation. Explain the condition of resonance with necessary graph sketching. [4]
11. Derive the quality factor of damped oscillation. [2]
12. A particle of mass 5 gm and force constant 10 N/m is oscillating in a medium having
damping constant 0.02 kg/s. If the external force of 5 N and frequency 30 hz is applied.
Calculate the amplitude and maximum amplitude.
Acoustic
13. Explain the reverberation. Derive the Sabine’s relation to determine the reverberation time of
a hall. [4]
14. Explain the production of Ultrasonic wave by piezoelectric method. Explain any three
applications of Ultrasonic wave in engineering field. [4]

15. A hall has dimension 10m×12m×6m, and average absorption coefficient of hall is 0.5.

Calculate the (a) Mean free time and (b) reverberation time of the hall. Velocity of sound
wave is 350m/s. [4]
16. The reverberation time of an empty hall is 1.50 sec. When 600 audiences present in the hall,
the reverberation time falls to 1.42 sec. Find the no. of persons present in the hall if the
reverberation time falls down to 1.31 sec.[4]
17. How much acoustic power enters the window of area 1.58 m2, the standard intensity level is
10-16 W/cm2. The window opens on a street where the street noise results in an intensity
level at the window of 60 dB. [4]
Optics
Geometrical Optics (4 Marks)
18. Derive the equivalent focal length and principal points when two lenses separated by a
certain distance in air.
19. Show that the diameter of circle of least confusion depends on the diameter of lens and
dispersive power of the material.
20. Show that for achromatism of the lenses, the distance between the lenses is equal to mean
focal length of the lenses.
21. Two thin convex lenses having focal lengths 0.05m and 0.02m are coaxial and separated by a
distance 0.03m. Find the equivalent focal length and the positions of Cardinal points.
22. An achromatic doublet doublet of a convex lens and a concave lens of focal length 0.30m is
to be formed out of flint and crown glass whose dispersive powers are 0.03 and 0.02
respectively. Calculate the focal length of two lenses.
INTERFERENCE (4 Marks)
23. Show that the interference in thin film due to reflected light system and transmitted light
systems are complementary to each other.
24. Explain the interference in wedge shape thin film and derive the relation for fringe width.
25. Explain the formation of Newton’s ring in interference. Show that in reflected light system
the square of diameter of dark ring is directly proportional to natural number.
26. A soap film of refractive index 1.333 is illuminated by white light incident at an angle of 450.
The light refracted by it is examined by a spectroscope and two consecutive bright bands are
focussed corresponding to wavelength 6.1x10-5cm and 6.0x10-5cm. Find the thickness of the
film.
27. In newton,s ring experiment a source is emitting two wavelengths 6000A0 and 5900A0. It is
found that nth dark ring due to one wavelength coincides with (n+1)th dark ring due to other.
Find the diameter of the nth dark ring if radius of curvature of the lens is 0.9m.
Diffraction (4 Marks)
28. Explain the intensity distribution in Fraunhoffer’s single slit diffraction.
29. Light of wavelength 6oonm is incident normally on a slit of width 0.1mm. what is the
intensity at θ = 0.20 .
30. A parallel beam of light of wavelength 5000 A0 is incident normally on a narrow slit of width
o.2 mm, the fraunhoffer diffraction pattern is observed on a screen which is placed at focal
plane of convex lens of focal length 50 cm. calculate the distance between first two minima
and maxima on the screen.
31. A diffraction grating used at normal incidence gives a line 5400 A0 in certain order
superimposed on another line 4050 A0 of the next higher order. If the angle of diffraction is
300, how many lines/cm are there on the grating?
Polarization (4 Marks)
32. Explain the construction of Nicol Prism and how it can be used as polarizer and analyzer.
33. Explain how can you distinguish the linearly, elliptically and circularly polarized light using
mathematical and physical interpretation.
34. Two nicol prisms are arranged that the amount of light transmitted through them is
maximum. What will be the percentage reduction in the intensity of the incident light when
analyzer is rotated through i) 300 ii) 450 iii) 600 iv) 900.
35. Plane polarized light is converted into circularly polarized light after passing through a
crystal. What is the minimum thickness of the crystal if the difference in refractive index of
the two rays in the crystal is 0.005 and wavelength oh light is 6000A0.
36. A mass of 80 gms of sugar dissolved in one liter of water contained in a tube of length 20cm
cause an optical rotation of 120 . what mass of sugar should be dissolved in water so that it
would cause an optical rotation of 240 with length of tube 30 cm.
Optical Fiber. (4 Marks)
37. Explain the types of optical fiber. Deduce the numerical aperture and fractional refractive
index change by using the propagation of light in optical fiber.
38. An optical fiber has a Numerical Aperture of 0.20 and cladding refractive index 1.59.
Determine the acceptance angle for the fiber in water having refractive index of 1.33.
39. A certain optical fiber has an attenuation of 3.5dB/km at 850nm. If 0.5mW of optical power
is initially launched with fiber, calculate the power level after 4Km?
LASER (4 Marks)
40. Explain the production of He-Ne Laser light with energy level diagram.
41. Explain the method of production of semiconductor laser.
Short questions: (1 marks)
42. In which condition population inversion exist during the production of laser.
43. What is the principle behind the working of optical fiber.
44. Write down any three special properties of laser.
45. Write down the condition to obtain constructive interference.
46. Define metastable state.

Electrostat.

Electric field and Potential (4 Marks)

47. Show that electric field intensity due to dipole along the axial line is twice times across the
axial line.
48. Derive the electric field intensity and potential due to ring of charge and find the position in
which the electric field is maximum.
49. Derive the electric field intensity and potential due to disc of charge and find the position in
which the electric field is maximum
50. Find the electric field intensity and potential due to linear quadrupole along the axis.
51. Find the electric potential due to dipole at any distance r from the centre which makes angle
θ with the axial line of dipole . Hence find the electric field along and across the axial line.
52. Find the electric potential due to quadrupole at any distance r from the centre which makes
angle θ with the axial line of quadrupole . Hence find the electric field along and across the
axial line
53. A particle of charge –q is placed midway between two equal positive charges qo of separation
d. If the negative charge –q is place in perpendicular direction to the line joining them and
released, show that the particle describes SHM and find the time period of oscillation.
54. If V=2x2y+3y2z , Calculate the magnitude of electric field at (0,1,1).
Capacitor:
Long questions (4 Marks)
55. Find the capacitance of cylindrical capacitor having internal radius a and external radius b.
Show that the half of the energy lies when r=√ab.
56. Explain the charging and discharging of capacitor with expressions and graphs.
57. Explain the Gauss’s law of dielectric and show that induced charge is always less than the
free charge .
58. A capacitor discharge through a resistor R, after how many time constant (a) does its charge
fall to half of its initial value and (b) energy becomes half of its maximum value.
59. A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 100μF with each of area 100 cm2 and Potential
difference 50 V. If a mica of dielectric constant 5 is inserted between the plates f, find the
magnitude of (a) electric field strength in mica and (b) polarization vector.

Short questions. (1 Marks)

60. In which condition the dipole experience the maximum torque when it is place in electric
field?
61. Write down the expression for electric field intensity due to ring of charge and hence find the
potential.
62. Define quadrupole moment.
63. Why initial current is maximum during the charging of capacitor.
64. Define the capacitive time constant in terms of discharging.
Electromagnetism
Long questions (4 Marks)
65. Explain the working principle of cyclotron and find the expression for energy of charged
particle coming out from dees.
66. Explain grow and decay current in LR circuit with necessary expressions and graphs
sketching.
67. Find the self inductance of toroid having internal radius a, external radius b and width of the
strip h.
68. In a certain cyclotron having radius of dee70 cm, a proton moves in a circle of radius 0.5
m.The magnitude of the magnetic field is 1.2 T. Calculate the frequency of oscillator and
kinetic energy of proton and maximum possible energy of proton..
69. The change of electric field in a circularly parallel plate capacitor having radius 3 cm is
1.2x1012 V/m-s. Calculate induced magnetic field at (a) 2 cm from the centre and (b) 4 cm
from the centre.
Short questions. (1 Marks)
70. Define eddy current and write down the two applications of this current.
71. Write down the expression for modified Ampere’s law with physical meaning.
72. Define displacement current and write the expression for it.
73. What are the limitations of cyclotron?
74. Define the inductive time constant ?
EM wave:
Long questions (4 Marks)
75. Write down the Maxwell equations in integral form with their physical meaning and the
converts it into differential form
76. Derive the EM wave equations in dielectric medium and show that the speed of EM wave in
this medium is less than the free space.
77. Define Poynting vector and show that average pointing vector <s> α Erms Brms.
78. The maximum electric field 10 m from an isotropic point source of light is 5 V/m. calculate
the maximum value of magnetic field, intensity and the power of the source.

79. The intensity of direct sun light on a point on the surface of the earth is 0.78KW/m2.
Calculate the average momentum density and average momentum flow rate in the sun light
80. An isotropic point source emits light at wavelength 500nm at the rate of 200 W. A light
detector is positioned at 400m from the source. What is the maximum rate at which the
magnetic component of light changes with time at the detector’s location.
Short questions. (2 Marks)
81. Show that ∇ .J⃗+∂ ρ/ ∂ t= 0. The symbols have their usual meanings.
82. Show that E/B=c. The symbols have their usual meanings.
83. Show that magnetic energy density is equal to electric energy density.
84. What is the radiation pressure 5m away from a 500 W light bulb. Assuming that the surface
is absorber and bulb radiates uniformly in all directions.
85. If the intensity of sunlight is 1.4KW/m2. Calculate the maximum and rms Electric and
Magnetic field.
Photon and Matter wave. (4 Marks)

86. Derive the time dependent and independent Schrödinger wave equation.
87. Find the energy and wave function for a particle confined in an infinitely deep one
dimensional potential well.
88. Explain group wave , derive the expression for group velocity .
89. A beam of electrons 5eV is incident on a potential barrier of height 6 eV and width 10 A0,
Calculate the probability of transmission of the beam through the barrier.
90. A proton is confined in an infinitely deep potential well of width 10 A0 . Calculate the
wavelength of radiation when the proton falls from second excited state to ground state.
Short questions. (2 Marks)
91. If an electron is accelerated by a potential of 10eV, Calculate De-Broglie wavelength.
92. Show that Group velocity is equal to Particle velocity.
93. If the radius of nucleus is 10-14m, Calculate the minimum velocity of proton inside the
nucleus.
94. Find the expectation value of energy.
95. Find the expectation value of momentum.
96. Write down the normalized wave function for a particle confined in an one dimensional
infinitely deep well and plot any three wave functions.
Heat and Thermodynamics.
Long Questions (4 Marks)
97. Derive the specific heat of solid using Einstein’s method.
98. Derive the Van-der waal’s equation for real gas and find the critical temperature, critical
volume and critical pressure.
99. Write down the Maxwell’s thermodyamical relations and using it derive the clausius
Clapeyron latent heat equation.
100. Derive Maxwell first and third thermodynamical relations.
101. Derive Maxwell Second and Fourth thermodynamical relations.
102. Derive the differential equation of convection-diffusion and explain the cases.
103. Explain the Newton’s law of cooling and derive the expression using Stefan’s law.
104. Define Pyrheliometer and Pyrometer and explain the construction of Pyrheliometer.
Short questions.(2 Marks)
105. Calculate the adiabatic exponent for diatomic gas.
106. If Einstein’s temperature for a solid is 270 C. Calculate the frequency of the Einstein’s
Oscillator.
107. Calculate the latent heat of ice given that the change of pressure by one atmosphere
changing the melting point of ice by 0.00740 C and when one gram of ice melts its volume
changes by 0.0909cm3.
108. Calculate the change in entropy when 1 kg of ice at -100 C is converted into water at 00
C. Specific heat of ice=2.108 kJ/kgK and latent heat of ice =33.6KJ/k.
109. Explain the entropy with TS diagram.
110. Explain first order phase transition.
111. Explain Second order phase transition.
112. Show that (du/dv)T=0 for perfect gas.
Very Short (1 Marks)
113. Define negative energy.
114. Define Helmholtz free energy.
115. Define calorific value and explain the meaning of the values.
116. Differentiate between natural and forced convection.
117. Define thermal resistance.
118. what is Pyrheliometer and Pyrometer.