Abstract
Deep learning algorithms mainly portrayed by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have
advanced to the point where even non-technical persons may now manipulate or produce
fake images, audio recordings, and video clips of people for both harmful and benign
purposes. Deepfakes are highly realistic synthetic media content often created using deep
neural networks. The growing usage of these deepfakes to disseminate misleading
information raises concerns regarding the influence of these deepfakes on disinformation and
public trust. In order to combat this issue, detection techniques continue to evolve to control
the possible misuse of deepfakes. The majority of existing surveys focus on identifying
deepfake content, while the creation process is not well covered. This paper fills the survey
gap by providing a thorough analysis of the methods and research done recently for the
creation and detection of deepfakes, as well as the various ML/DL approaches used to create
deepfake content. Additionally, a comparative examination of deepfake models and publicly
available datasets for deepfake detection is covered in the survey. The benefits and
limitations of the reviewed works are then reported, and lastly, we discuss through the
challenges involved in implementation and suggest several future directions towards
enhanced approaches and models. The proposed survey would assist academics, industry,
and researchers in better understanding deepfake creation and subsequent detection
techniques.
Keywords: Deepfakes, Deepfake generation, Deepfake detection, Artificial Intelligence,
Machine Learning, Deep Learning
Introduction