Part-I (General Science) 60 Marks

I. Physical Sciences
 Constituents and Structure: - Universe, Galaxy, Light Year,
Solar System, Sun, Earth, Astronomical System of Units.
o Describe different methods to estimate the age of the
Universe. (2018)
o Explain the terms Dark Energy and Dark Matter. (2018)
o Define the term Black Hole. What’s expected inside it?
(2018)
o How can the sun have such a strong gravitational field if
its made of gases? (2019)
o Differentiate between a star and a planet. What is the
magnitude of a star and how the color of stars is
correlated with their temperatures? (2021)
o Briefly describe the most popular and accepted theory
about the origin of the Universe. (2021)
o What is ‘Black Hole’? How black holes are formed and
discovered? (2023)
o What are Kepler laws related to the motion of planets?
(2024)

 Process of Nature: - Solar and Lunar Eclipses, Rotation and

Revolution, Weather Variables (Global Temperature, Pressure,
Circulation, Precipitation, Humidity) and Weather Variations.
o What is a mirage? Describe in detail the creation of
mirage (2017)
o Differentiate between the occurrence of Lunar and Solar
Eclipse? (2017)
o Briefly explain what effects are produced due to
Rotation & Revolution of Earth. (2017)
o Explain the formation of Lunar Eclipse. (2018)
o What do you understand by Global Wind and Pressure
patterns? Also explain wind and pressure features at
higher altitude. (2020)
o Discuss various factors which affect the variations in the
climate of a place. (2022)
o What effects are produced due to rotation and revolution
of earth. Explain briefly. (2025)
 Natural Hazards and Disasters: - Earth Quake, Volcanic
Eruption, Tsunami, Floods, Avalanche, Travelling Cyclone
(Tropical Cyclone, Middle Latitude Cyclone and Tornadoes),
Drought, Wildfire, Urban Fire. Disaster Risk Management.
o What is tsunami? How the tsunamis generated and what
are their characteristics? (2016)
o What is an earthquake? Discuss Richter Scale in this
context. What was the intensity of the earthquake in
Pakistan dated 26 October 2015 and where was the
locus? (2016)
o Describe different causes of ‘Tsunami’. Is there any
difference between a Tsunami and a tidal wave? Name
the worst Tsunami ever recorded. (2018)
o What is the most dangerous part of hurricane and how
do cyclone affect humans? (2019)
o On 7th April 2012 an Avalanche hit a Pakistan military
base in Gayari sector trapping 140 soldiers and civilians
under deep snow. What is Avalanche; describe its four
types with focus on most dangerous type? (2020)
o World largest earthquake was assigned a magnitude of
9.5 by the United States Geological Survey on 22 May
1960 in southern Chile Valdivia. What do you know
about earthquake? Also explain shallow-focus and deep
focus earthquakes. (2020)
o Differentiate between Middle Latitude Cyclones and
Tornadoes. (2020)
o What do you know about Volcanoes? Discuss the causes
and effects of volcanic eruptions. (2022)
o What is a Tornado? How is it formed and what are the
effects of tornadoes? Explain briefly. (2022)
o What is Wildfire? Explain its types, causes, spread and
preventions. (2023)
o Explain the difference between Middle Latitude Cyclones
and Tornadoes. (2024)
o What are the types of earthquake waves? Discuss them
(2024)
o What are hurricanes. How are they formed and what
level of damage can they produce. (2025)
 Energy Resources: - Sources of Energy (Renewable i.e. LED
Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy and Non-Renewable
Energy conservation and its sustainable use.
o Most of the household appliances utilize ‘DC’ then why
we generate ‘AC’ at power stations? (2017)
o Differentiate between the renewable and non-
renewable sources of energy giving example of each
one of them. (2019)
o Differentiate between the renewable and non-renewable
energy sources. Briefly explain Geothermal Energy and
Hydro Electricity. (2020)
o What are the advantages and limitations of renewable
energy resources? Briefly explain the prospects of non-
conventional energy resources in Pakistan. (2021)
o Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable
sources of energy. Briefly explain wind energy, solar
energy and biofuels. (2022)

 Atomic Structure, Chemical Bonding, Electromagnetic

Radiations.
o Explain the shape of water molecule with the help of
Molecular Orbital Theory, also draw its orbital diagram.
(2016)
o What are the gamma rays? Explain their applications
(2016)
o Why do atoms form bonds? Name three major types of
chemical bonds. (2019)
o What is difference between the Ionic and Covalent
bonding? Give examples. (2024)
o Write two applications of each of the following
electromagnetic radiations: (i) Ultraviolet (ii) Infra-red
(iii) Microwaves (iv) Radio waves (v) X-rays. (2023)
o What are longitudinal waves, electromagnetic and
Gamma radiations? Discuss them. (2024)
o Describe electromagnetic radiation. Give its types and
explain their applications. (2025)

 Modern Materials/Chemicals: - Ceramics, Plastics,

Semiconductors. Antibiotics, Vaccines, Fertilizers, Pesticides.
 o What are vaccines? Classify these and discuss DNA
vaccines in detail. (2016)
o What is the difference between vaccines and
Antibiotics? How do antibiotics and vaccines contribute
to health?
o Why the excessive use of chemical fertilizers should be
avoided? (2019)
o Why may an indiscriminate / causal use of antibiotic
prove dangerous? (2019)
o What are Pesticides? Explain their different types; why
persistent pesticides are more lethal for mankind?
(2020)
o Discuss Vaccination, types of Vaccines, their side-effects
and effectiveness. (2022)
o Define ceramic and nano-ceramic materials. Why the
nano-ceramics show better properties than their
ceramic counterparts? Write the applications of ceramic
materials. (2023)
o What is difference between Plastics and Elastics?
Explain briefly. (2024)
o What are the advantages and disadvantages of nitrogen
containing fertilizers and insecticides.

II. Biological Sciences

 The Basis of Life: - Cell Structures and Functions
(Subcellular Organelles such as Nucleus, Mitochondria and
Ribosomes).
o Describe the ‘Cell Structure’. Write down at least three
differences between an animal cell and plant cell. (2018)
o Explain with examples the relationship between cells,
tissues and organs. (2021)
o Explain the differences in structure & function between
a cell wall and a cell membrane. (2021)
o What is meant by transpiration? Explain in detail the
significance of leaf structure in the process of
transpiration. (2021)
o What do you understand by the DNA and RNA? (2022)
o How a bacterial cell is different from a plant cell? (2023)
o What are the Plant nutrition elements? Enumerate them.
(2024)
 o Explain how temperature and light intensity affect the
rate of photosynthesis in plants. (2025)

 Biomolecules: - Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates and

Enzymes.

 Plant and Animal Kingdom: - A brief survey of plant and

animal kingdom to pinpoint similarities and diversities in
nature.
o Do the mammals always lay eggs? If yes, where in the
world do they live? Write the name some of them.
(2019)
o Why are the bat and whale considered as mammals?
(2023)
o What do you think cold-blooded animals are slowed
down by low temperatures? (2023)

 A Brief Account of Human Physiology.

o Comment, ‘liver is the chief chemist in human body’.
(2016)
o What is Cholesterol? Discuss its importance, normal
blood level and dangers of elevated levels with
reference to the health and disease in humans. (2016)
o Explain in detail the common causes of Heart Attack.
(2017)
o Differentiate between drug addiction and drug abuse.
(2017)
o Draw the structure of human ear and briefly explain its
functions. (2017)
o People suffering from cardiovascular disease having
high level of cholesterol in their blood, this often leads to
build of fats on its internal arterial walls, suggests how
this might be harmful to the heart (2019)
o What is meant by the term double circulation? Briefly
describe how the heart is adapted to keep blood flowing
in a double circulation. (2021)
o Write a note on liver juice ‘Bile’. (2023)
o How is the urine formed? Describe the role of kidney in
excretion. (2023)
 o Discuss the functioning of Liver and Pancreas (2024)
o Describe the structure and function of human capillaries
in circulatory system. (2025)

 Common Diseases and Epidemics: - Polio, Diarrhea,

Malaria, Hepatitis, Dengue their Causes and Prevention.
o What are causative organism and vector for dengue,
enlist possible ways of prevention from dengue. (2016)
o Describe different causes and preventions of ‘Polio’
(2018)
o Give a brief account of biotechnology. (2019)
o What do you know about Hepatitis? Describe its types
and write down preventive measures. (2020)
o What is Polio? Discuss its symptoms, causes of
spreading, prevention and vaccine. (2022)
o What is hepatitis, its types, causes, prevention, and
cure? (2023)
o What is the Tuberculosis and Hepatitis? Explain briefly
(2024)
o What is hepatitis. Give its types and briefly explain the
common symptoms along with prevention.

 New Model Concept of Producing BIOFUEL Method

o Define the term ‘Biofuel’. How is it helpful to promote
clean energy? (2018)
o Differentiate between biomass and biogas. Briefly
explain various methods for obtaining energy from
biomass. (2025)

III. Environmental Science

 Environment: - The Atmosphere (Layered Structure and
Composition), Hydrosphere (Water Cycle, Major Water
Compartments), Biosphere (Major Biomes) and Lithosphere
(Minerals and Rocks, Rock Types, Plate Tectonics).
o What is hydrological cycle? Discuss its importance.
(2016)
o What are the factors responsible for environmental
pollution? (2017)
 o Briefly explain the main reasons of waterlogging in
Pakistan. (2016)
o What is the importance of forests in the economy of a
country? (2019)
o Briefly describe the various segments of atmosphere.
How are these segments maintaining the Earth
Radiation Balance? (2020)
o What are the Fossils? Discuss the importance of
palaeontology. (2020)
o What is the sequence of strata of atmosphere and on
what factors does it depends? (2021)
o Describe water cycle and briefly explain the major
processes involved in water cycle? (2021)
o What is the Difference between asthenosphere and
lithosphere? Explain various components of lithosphere.
(2021)
o What is the biosphere? Write a note on the ‘Energy
Resources’ available in the biosphere. (2023)
o What are the different layers of the atmosphere? On
what basis these layers are classified? In which layer
‘Auroras’ are formed and where do satellites orbit?
(2023)

 Atmospheric Pollution: - Types, Sources, Causes and effects

of major air pollutants (COx, Particulate Matter, NOx, SOx,
Tropospheric Ozone, Volatile Organic Compounds, Dioxins).
Regional and Global air pollution issues (Acid-rain, Ozone
Depletion, Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming).
International agreements on air pollution control (Montreal
Protocol and Kyoto Protocol).
o What were the main objectives of Clean Development
Mechanism? Also explain the reasons for the criticism on
Koyoto Protocol by the developed countries. (2016)
o Comment, Green House Effect is a blessing. Also discuss
Enhanced Green House Effect and its relationship with
global warming. (2016)
o What do you mean by Ozone depletion and how we can
prevent its depletion? (2017)
o What is an Acid Rain and how it is produced. Briefly
describe the dangers associated with it. (2017)
 o What is ‘Acid Rain’. Describe its causes and how it can
be prevented? (2018)
o Write a comprehensive note on ‘Smog’. (2018)
o Why are Scientists worried about the increase of CO2 in
atmosphere? (2019)
o What does Ozone depletion mean and how can we
protect the ozone layer? (2019)
o How the organic particulate matter enters in the
atmosphere. Also describe the sources. (2020)
o Discuss the possible negative effects that Pakistan my
face due to Global Warming and Climate Change. What
steps may be helpful to control the climatic change?
(2022)
o What is the difference between fog and smog? What are
the causes of smog and its effects on human health?
Write short note on any one of the latest technologies to
eliminate smog to avoid atmospheric pollution. (2023)
o What does air pollution mean. State ten serious effects
of air pollution in the environment and briefly explain
hoe they can be reduced.

 Water Pollution: - Types, sources, causes and effects of

major water pollutants (Synthetic Organic Chemicals, Oxygen
Demanding Wastes, Plant Nutrients, Thermal Pollution,
Infectious Agents, Sediments, Radioactivity, Heavy Metals and
Acids). Drinking water quality and standards.
o What is ‘Water Pollution’. Discuss its causes and
measurement methods. Name the countries with the
highest and lowest percentage of it. (2018)
o What is natural radioactivity? How it is different from the
artificial radioactivity? (2020)
o Define the term Water Pollution. What indicators are
used to measure the quality of water? Write down the
drinking water quality standards. (2022)
o What is Radioactivity? Differentiate between natural and
artificial radioactivity. (2022)
o What is the role of oxygen-demanding wastes in water
pollution? How it can be prevented? (2023)
o What are the standards of drinking water? How Heavy
Metals in the water affect the living organisms (2024)
 o What is radioactivity? Discuss the laws of radioactivity.
Name two radioactive elements (2024)
o Explain how water pollution is produced. Describe the
part played by bacteria after a river has been polluted
by sewage.

 Land Pollution: - Solid waste management and disposal.

o Differentiate between Sanitary and Industrial Landfills,
also describe the land selection criteria for Landfills.
(2016)
o What is Solid Waste? Discuss the main issues of Solid
Waste Management in our country? (2022)
o What is deforestration. Explain the disadvantages
caused to the environment due to this. (2025)
o State some examples of pollution caused by human
activity and discuss the effects of each example. (2025)

 Role of Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Science.

o What do you know about the Remote Sensing
Techniques? Explain resolution and write down the
names of its various types? (2016)
o What do you understand by the term Remote Sensing?
Write its basic principle. Give its important applications.
(2022)
o What is role of Remote sensing and GIS in environmental
Science? Discuss briefly. (2024)

 Population Planning.
o What do you understand by the term Population
Planning? Point out the different benefits of Population
Planning. (2022)

IV. Food Science

 Concept of Balance Diet: - Vitamins, Carbohydrates,
Protein, Fats and oil, Minerals, Fiber.
o What is the significance of Vitamins? Describe the
sources, uses and deficiency symptoms of fat-soluble
vitamins. (2017)
 o Define ‘Carbohydrates’. Describe different steps to
digest these in the human body. (2018)
o Write a comprehensive note on ‘Balanced Diet’. (2018)
o What are carbohydrates? Classify and give detail of each
class along with examples. (2020)
o Define the term “malnutrition”. Elaborate its major
causes and consequences. (2021)
o How are the carbohydrates, proteins, and fats digested
in humans? (2023)
o What is role of Carbohydrates and Vitamins in the body?
Discuss briefly. (2024)
o Enlist major food groups based on their nutrients, their
functions and sources. (2025)

 Quality of Food: - Bioavailability of Nutrients, Appearance,

Texture, Flavor, Quality of Packed and Frozen Food, Food
Additives, Preservatives and Antioxidants
o What are antioxidants and why are they used in foods?
Write a short note on natural and synthetic antioxidants.
(2023)
o What is difference between preservatives and
antioxidants? Discuss briefly with examples. (2024)

 Food Deterioration and its Control: - Causes of Food

Deterioration, Adulteration, Food Preservation.
o Discuss importance of preservatives and antioxidants in
food. (2016)
o Discuss different methods of Food preservation. (2020)
o Differentiate between food contaminants and food
adulterants. (2021)
o Explain how a slice of bread after few days decomposes
due to the growth of fungi. (2021)
o Differentiate between food contaminants and food
adulterants. (2025)

V. Information Technology
 Computer (Hardware & Software Fundamentals); I/O
Processing and data storage, Networking & Internet
Standards, Application and business Software, Social Media
 Websites. Information Systems. Fundamentals of artificial
intelligence.
o Write a short note on artificial intelligence. (2016)
o Differentiate between RAM and ROM. (2017)
o Name three basic buses employed in a computer and
explain what each is used for. (2017)
o Draw a basic computer block diagram and briefly
explain the function of each part. (2017)
o Describe various types of computers classified on the
basis of size, memory, capacity and speed. (2017)
o Write a note, how data is stored on a ‘Hard Disk’. (2018)
o What is ‘Artificial Intelligence’? How is it helpful for
humanity? (2018)
o What are the different types of a network? Explain each
briefly. (2019)
o What is Open System Interconnections (OSI) and
describe its layers? (2020)
o “Semiconductors are the Brains of Modern Electronics”.
Explain in detail what this quotation means. (2021)
o What is a computer memory? Describe its units and
discuss various types of memories. (2021)
o Explain Artificial Intelligence. What do you understand
by the term Robotics? (2022)
o Differentiate between network and internet. (2023)
o (ii) What is the difference among application, program
and software? (2023)
o What is difference between software and hardware?
Give five examples of each. (2024)
o What is artificial intelligence and does it differ from
traditional programming. Describe the main branches of
artificial intelligence. (2025)

 Telecommunications: - Basics of Wireless Communication

(Mobile, Satellite, Surveillance and GPS and Fiber Optic etc.
o Fiber Optics (2016)
o GPS (2016)
o How is an ‘Optical Fiber’ constructed? How is it helpful in
transmitting the electromagnetic radiations? (2018)
o Give a brief account of optic fibers. What is their
importance in present day telecom system? (2019)
 o Where and how Fiber Optics are used? Also write down
their advantages and disadvantages. (2020)
o What is GPS? How does it work? (2020)
o Differentiate between natural and artificial satellites.
Briefly describe the working of communication satellites
with some applications. (2021)
o Explain the Optical Fiber. Explain how Fiber Optic
Communication works? (2022)
o Briefly explain the working and structure of a Cell Phone.
(2022)
o How does the Navstar GPS system work for different
applications? (2023)
o Explain the mechanism of Fiber Optic Cable for signal.
Explain its construction. (2024)
o What are the advantages of optic fibers in
communication system. Draw basic structure of optical
fiber and explain propagation of light through it. (2025)
o

Part-II (General Ability) (40 Marks)

VI. Quantitative Ability/Reasoning
 Basic Mathematical Skills.
o Two bus tickets from Rawalpindi to Islamabad and three
tickets from Rawalpindi to Murree cost Rs.770 but three
tickets from Rawalpindi to Islamabad and two tickets
from Rawalpindi to Murree cost Rs.730. What are the
fares for cities Islamabad and Murree from Rawalpindi?
(2017)
o A school has enough provision of food for 52 days. After
20 days a group of 400 students arrives and the food
would have last for 24 days only. How many students
are there in the school actually? (2017)
o A farmer keeps hens and rabbits on his farm. One day
he counted the total of 70 heads and 196 legs. How
many more hens than rabbits does he have? (2019)
o Each packet of washing powder carries a token and 4
token can be exchanged for free packet, How many free
packets will I receive if I buy sixty four packets? (2019)
 o Mr. Khawaja walked for 45 minutes at the rate of 3km/h
and then ran for half an hour at a certain speed. At the
end of that time he was 6km away from the starting
point. How fast did he run? (2021)
o Hassan, Ali, Akbar, Nasir and Shahbaz are classmates
having different pocket money. Hassan’s pocket money
is one third as much as of Ali and Ali has five times as
much as Akbar. Akbar has thrice as much as Nasir and
Shahbaz gets equal to Nasir and that of Ali. If they get
Rs. 8000 then find the pocket money of each. (2024)
o

(2025)
o

(2025)

 Concepts and ability to reasons quantitatively and solve

problems in a quantitative setting.
o One pipe can fill a pool 1.25 times as fast as second
pipe. When both pipes are opened they can fill the pool
in five hours. How long it will take the fill the pool if only
slower pipe is used? (2019)
o Tariq can do a tailoring job in 6 hours. Sajid does the
same job in 4 hours. Irfan does it in 8 hours. Tariq and
Sajid start doing the work. Sajid leaves after two hours
and Irfan replaces him. How long would it take to
complete the work? (2020)
o Mushtaq, Pervaiz, Ehsan, Umair and Saleem are friends
having different heights and weights. Mushtaq weighs
four times as much as Pervaiz and Pervaiz weighs
double than Ehsan, Ehsan weighs half as much as Umair
 and Umair weighs half as much as Saleem. (i) Who is the
heaviest among five friends? (ii) Who is the second
heaviest? (iii) Who has lowest weight? (iv) Who are
equal in weight? (v) Mention the descending order.
(2020)
o A group of 50 men can construct 20 kilometer road in 40
days. How long will 70 men take to complete same
length of road? (2020)
o A man is now 3 times as old as his son. In ten (10) years
time, the sum of their ages will be 76. How old was the
man when his son was born? (2021)
o Sara’s mother is 6 times older than Sara, where as her
brother Ali is twice as old as Sara. In three years’ time
the sum of their ages will be 72. How old are Sara, Ali
and their mother now? (2022)

 Basic Arithmetic, Algebra and Geometry (Average, Ratios,

Rates, Percentage, Angles, Triangles, Sets, Remainders,
Equations, Symbols, Rounding of Numbers
o Rightangle triangles (2016)
o Equilateral triangles (2016)
o Y = mX + C is an equation of straight line. Draw a graph
showing relationship between X and Y and relate the
equation to the slope and intercept on the graph. (2016)
o A man buys 5kg of meat at Rs.500 per kg. In addition,
for every kilogram of meat purchased, he has to pay a
consumption tax of 6% on the selling price. Calculate
the total amount of money that he has to pay. (2017)
o It takes Ali 30 minutes to mark a paper. Aslam only
needs 25 minutes to mark a paper. If they both start
marking papers at 10:00 AM, at what time they will
finish marking at the same time? (2017)
o Divide Rs.500 between Arham, Mariam and Sarim so
that Arham gets 2/3 of what Mariam gets and Mariam
gets ¼ of what Sarim gets. Find the share of each (2017)
o It takes 3 liters of paint to cover an area of 24 square
meters. What percentage increase in the quantity of
paint would be required to cover an area of 50.4 square
meters? (2018)
o Tahir started a business with a capital of Rs. 15,000.
After 5 months Umar also joined him with an investment
 of Rs. 30,000. At the start of 9th month, Usman joined
them by investing Rs. 45,000. At the end of the year
they earned a profit of Rs. 406,000. Find the share of
each one. (2018)
o

2018
o The cost of hiring a car for 2 days in 2018 was Rs.264
which was 20% more than in 2013. What was the cost of
hiring a car in 2013? (2019)
o Moiz and Mair share a lottery win of Rs. 2000 in the ratio
of 1:4. Moiz then share this part between himself, his
wife and his son.in the ratio of 4:5:1. How much more
his wife gets over his son? (2019)
o U = [Whole number from 10 to 24] A = [Even Number] B
= [Number divisible by 5] Write down the number
elements of A∩B (2019)
o A farmer needs to build a boundary wall around his
farm. If the area of farm is 484 m2, what will be the total
area of the wall if it is two meters high on three sides
and three meters high on one side? (2020)
o How many tiles of 20cm2 will be required to have a
footpath 1m wide carried around the outside of grassy
plot 24m long and 14m broad? (2021)
o Mr. Faheem has dinner with his family at a restaurant
which offers a 10% discount on food. The marked price
of the food that they order was Rs.15000/-. Given that
there was a service charges of 10% and GST is 17%,
calculate the total amount of money he has to pay.
(2021)
o

(2021)
o Mr. Raheel invests Rs.60000/- in an account that earns
simple interest. At the end of 5 years, the investment is
worth Rs.85000/-. Calculate the rate of simple interest
per year. (2021)
o

(2021)
o

(2021)
o The income of a company decreased by 10% and 15% in
two successive years. What is the percentage of
decrease in income after two years? (2022)
o Aslam is willing to use the stylish ceramics tiles in the
lounge of his under-construction house. The shape of
the tile is a right triangle, having the lengths of two legs
of 12 cm and 4 cm. Each tile costs Rs. 15. How much will
it cost to fill the lounge of 8 meters length and 6 meters
width with these tiles? (2022)
o During a sale a clerk was putting new price tags on each
item. On one sweater, he accidentally raised the price
by 20% instead of lowering the price by 20%. As a result
the price on the tag was Rs. 80 too high. What was the
original price of the sweater? (2022)
o A telephone company charges initially Rs.0.50 and then
Rs. 0.11 for every minute. Write an expression that
gives the cost of a call that lasts N minutes. (2023)
o

(2023)
o

(
2023)
o Ali is standing 10 meters away from a tree. The distance
of his eyes from his feet is 1.5 meter. Given that the
distance from his eyes to the top of the tree is 15
meters, find the height of the tree. (2023)
o Draw and write the total number of lines of symmetry in
a regular hexagon and octagon. How many lines of
symmetry are there in a circle? (2023)
o The height of the Egyptian pyramid is 146.6 meters and
a base length is 230.6 meters. Find the volume of that
pyramid. (2023)
o Ali buys an oven for Rs. 36800 and sells it at a gain of
8.5%. For how much does he sell it? (2023)
o A card is drawn at random from a box containing 12
cards numbered 1,2,3,4,5,….,12. Find the probability of
drawing (i) ‘8’, (ii) an even number, (iii) a perfect
square, (iv) a negative number and (v) a number less
than 13. (2023)
o

(2023)
o The y is directly proportional to x2 and y = m for a
particular value of x. Find an expression for y in terms of
m, when this value of x is doubled. (2023)
o What will be the surface area and volume of a sphere if
it has a radius of 7 m? (2024)
o Distribute Rs. 4320 among Zain, Aslam and Ashraf in
such a way that if zain gets 2 parts then Aslam gets
three parts, whereas Ashraf gets seven parts. (2024)
o A man purchases a car in an amount of Rs. 2400,000 in
which he pays one-fourth extra as profit. Find the
original amount of car and the amount of profit. (2024)
o

(2025)
o

(2025)
o

(2025)
o

(2025)
 o

(2025)
o

(2025)
o

(2025)

 Random Sampling
o There are nine students in a group having ages 15, 15,
16, 16, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19. Calculate mean, medium,
mode and range of their ages also define the above
mentioned terms. (2016)
o Differentiate with examples between a “Pictogram” and
“Histogram”. (2017)
o
o

2017
o Define a Histogram. How is it constructed? What
information may be deduced from it? (2018)
 o

(2019)
o There are seven students in a group having ages
17,17,18,18,18,19,19. Calculate mean, median, mode
and range of their ages. Also define these mentioned
terms. (2020)
o What do you understand by systematic sampling?
Discuss its types. (2020)
o Blood groups of inhabitants of a village were checked. It
was found that 600 people possessed blood group A,
650 possessed blood group B, 550 had blood group AB
and 200 have blood group O. Calculate the probability of
having blood group B. (ii) Calculate the probability of
having blood group O. (2020)
o What do you understand by Sampling? Discuss Non-
Probability Sampling. (2022)

VII. Logical Reasoning and Analytical Reasoning/Ability

 Logical Reasoning includes the process of using a rational,
systematic series of steps based on sound mathematical
procedures and given statements to arrive at a conclusion
o (
2016)
o A man walks 2km towards North. Then he turns to East
and walks 10km. After this he turns to North and walks
3km. Again he turns towards East and walks 2km. How
far is he from the starting point? (2017)
o An automobile travels 3 km towards south, 4 km
towards west, 5 km towards north and 2 km towards
south-east. How far is it from its starting position?
(2018)
o

(2019)
o Zahid left a property worth Rs 1750,000/. His family had
to pay off a debt of Rs 150,000/. The rest of money was
distributed between a son and a daughter. How much
did each child receive if share of a son was double than
that of a daughter? (2020)
o A child went 90m towards East, and then he turned
Right and went 20m. Subsequently he turned Right and
after going 30m he reached his uncle’s house. From
there he went 100m to his North. Determine how far he
is from his starting point. (2021)
o Find the missing numbers in the given series. (i) 4, 18, ?,
100, 180, 294 (ii) 15, 31, 63, 127, ? (iii) 1, 8, 27, 64, 125,
? (iv) 132, 156, ?, 210, 240, (v) 8, 24, 12, 36, 18, 54, ?
(2021)
o For his morning walk Aslam went 110 meters towards
east from his house and then turned right to keep
walking for 40 meters before turning right again. After
continuing to walk for 50 more meters, he turned right
again and kept walking for another 120 meters, before
 he sat down on a bench at the park. How far was the
bench located from his house? (2022)
o The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 273. What
are the three odd numbers? (2022)
o Find the missing number in the given series. (i) 4, 16,
36, 64, ?, 144. (ii) 30,29,27,?, 20, 15 (iii) 1, 7, 15, 25, ?,
51 (iv) 0,2,6,12,20,30, ? (v) 48, 24, 72, 36, 108, ? (2022)
o Find the missing number in the series below (i) 1, 8, 4,
27, 9, ? (ii) 3,6,8,16,18,? (iii) 2, 8, 512, ? (iv)
81 ,9,64 ,8,?,12 (v) 6, 11, 21, 36, 56, ? (2023)
o If the sum of four numbers is 105. When 03 is added to
a number, twice of another number, five times of third
number and fourth number become equal to each other.
What are these numbers in ascending order? (2024)
o Find the missing numbers in the series below (i) 121, 11,
81, 9, ?, 7 (ii) 100, 50, 25, ?, 6.25 (iii) 4, 9, 64, 125,
1296, ? (iv) 2, 5, 12, 24, 48, ? (v) 44, 22, 66, 33, 132, ?
(2024)
o If the sum of three digit number is 15 and sum of 10th
and unit digit is 12. The difference of unit digit from 10th
digit is equal to 02. What is the three digit number?
(2024)
o A man travels over the path of a right-angle triangle
having base and hypotenuse 4 and 5 kilometers,
respectively. After a complete round he continues in the
same direction for 6 km and then turns at 90 degree and
continues for another 8 km. How long he has travelled
and how far he is from his starting point? (2024)
o The shadow of a 10 m tall tree is falling on a high rise
building and its height is 100 m. If the tree is 20 m away
from the wall, at what distance from the wall is the light
source? (2024)

 Analytical Reasoning/Ability includes visualizing,

articulating and solving both complex and uncomplicated
problems and concepts and making decisions that are sensible
based on available information, including demonstration of the
ability to apply logical thinking to gathering and analyzing
information.
o Read the following carefully and answer the questions
following: Ahmad, Ali, Akbar, Nasir and Shehbaz are
students of a college having different heights and
 weights. Ahmad weighs thrice as much as Ali and Ali
weighs 5 times as much as Akbar. Akbar weighs half as
much as Nasir and Nasir weighs half as much as
Shehbaz. Who is the heaviest in weight? Who is the is
the lightest in weight? Shehbaz is lighter in weight than
which of the two students? Shehbaz is heavier than
which of the two students? Show the descending order
of weights of the students? (2016)
o Classification of blood groups is based on the presence
or absence of inherited antigenic substances on the
surface of red blood cells. In a survey of British
population the blood group distribution among 1000
people was as follows: 300 had blood group A, 325 had
blood group B, 250 had O and 125 AB. Out of this group
a person was selected at random, calculate his
probability of having blood group AB (2016)
o Five friends Ahmad, Ali, Akbar, Nasir and Shehbaz went
on summer vacation to five cities namely V, W, X, Y and
Z by five different modes of transport, that is by bus,
train, aeroplane, car and boat from point A. Akbar went
to Y by car and Ali went to X by air. Nasir travelled by
boat whereas Shehbaz went by train. For X and W there
is no bus service. The person who went to X did not use
boat to travel. Now answer the following questions. (i)
How did Ahmad travel and where did he go? (ii) Which
mode of transport was used by the person who travelled
to X city? (2016)
o A man left his property of Rs. 640,000. A debt of Rs.
40,000 was due to him and Rs. 5,000 was spent on his
burial. Distribute the amount between his widow, one
daughter and two sons according to the Islamic Law.
(2018)
o Moiz was trying to sleep at one night but there was too
much noise around him. His clock ticked every 5
seconds; a tap was dipping every seventh seconds and
a pet dog snored every 12th second. He noticed on his
clock that all three things happened together on the
stroke of midnight. Find after how may seconds are
three things happened together (2019)
o Five girls A,B,C,D,E and four boys W,X,Y,Z have to go to
a trip in three cars, car-1,car-2 and car-3. The following
restrictions for seating in car are to be observed: (i) Only
three persons can sit in one car (ii) At least one boy and
 one girl must be in each car (iii) A and D should remain
together (iv) Z cannot sit with B or C in the same car
Distribute boys and girls in three cars. (2020)
o The average of 11 numbers is 63, that of the first 6
numbers are 60 and that of the last 6 numbers are 65.
Find the 6th number. (2021)
o Find out the correct word from the given jumbled
spellings. (i) THRSI (ii) GNDREA (iii) SCHAMOT (iv)
ONLNDO (v) HIODALY (2022)
o If in a certain language, BROTHER is written as
QDGSNQA, then in the same language, SISTER would be
written as --------? (2022)
o Find out the correct word from the jumbled spellings
given below. LNUGEF, CKANS, CIREFE, EERAANMOGTP,
MNIKPPU. (2023)
o Find out the correct word from the given jumbled
spellings. (i) UCTREUTRS (ii) LOVONAC (iii)
CIHPROSTATAC (iv) YNTIAUMH (v) NNTHORER (2024)
o Twelve men can complete a job in twenty-four days.
After four days four person quit. In how many days this
job will be completed by the remaining persons. (2024)
o There are three cars and start moving in such a way that
car A and B are moving opposite with speed 60 and 100
km/h. Car C is moving perpendicularly to both with
speed 80 km/h. What is distance after 15 minutes
between (i) A and B (ii ) A and C (iii) B and C? (2024)
o

(2025)
o

(2025)

VIII. Mental Abilities

 Mental Abilities Scales that measures specific constructs such
as verbal, mechanical, numerical and social ability.
o Differentiate between primary and secondary mental
abilities. How the general mental ability scales differ
from IQ test. (2016)
o A told B that C is his father’s nephew. D is A’s cousin but
not the brother of C. What relationship is there between
D and C? (2017)
o n a certain code language COMPUTER is written as
RFUVQNPC. How will MEDICINE be written in that code
language? (2017)
o Police officers are in pursuit of a stolen vehicle. Officer
Baker is directly behind the stolen car. Officer Lopez is
behind Baker; Officer O'Malley is behind Lopez. Officer
Reinhart is ahead of the stolen car and coming from the
opposite direction. Officer Reinhart makes a U-turn and
joins the pursuit. He pulls in behind Officer Lopez. Officer
Baker pulls up on the driver's side of the stolen vehicle
and Officer Lopez pulls up on the other side. Which
officer is directly behind the vehicle? (2018)
o Look at this series: F2, __, D8, C16, B32, What number
should fill the blank? (2018)
o In a certain code language LANDMINE is written as
PYRBQGRC. How will HOMEMADE be written in that code
language? (2018)
o What do you understand by measure central tendency?
State its types. (2019)
o What is polygon? Describe different types of regular
polygon. (2019)
o In a certain code computer is written as FRUVQNPC.
How will MEDICINE will be written in code language?
(2019)
o How does mental ability scales differ from IQ test?
(2020)
o What are social skills? Describe four causes of weak
social skills. (2020)
o Find out the correct word from the given jumbled
spellings. (i) UORSEIS (ii) REGAHT (iii) TYLEAL (iv)
RAMYR (v) RYUHR (2021)
o What do you understand by Mental Ability Scales?
Differentiate between Aptitude and Intelligence? (2022)
o Discuss the factors affecting Intelligence. (2022)
o

(2025)