CONTROL FLOW

IN JAVASCRIPT
Fatima Arshad
AGENDA
Variables
Operators
Conditions
Loops
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UNDERSTANDING DATA TYPES
IN JAVASCRIPT:

Definition :
1. Data types define the kind of data that can be stored
and manipulated in JavaScript.
2. JavaScript has dynamic typing, meaning variables can
hold values of different types.
JavaScript has data types:
1. Primitive
2. Complex
Control flow in JavaScript 4

PRIMITIVE DATA TYPES

NUMBER STRING BOOLEAN UNDEFINED NULL

• Represents textual • Represents a • Represents the

• Represents data enclosed in • Represents either variable that has intentional absence
numeric values. single or double true or false. been declared but of any object value.
• Example: 5, 3.14, - quotes. • Example: true, has no value • Example: let y =
10 • Example: "Hello, false assigned to it. null;
World!", 'JavaScript' • Example: let x;
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COMPLEX DATA TYPES

OBJECT ARRAY

• Represents a collection of key-value • Represents an ordered list of values.

pairs. • Example: [1, 2, 3, 4]
• Example: { name: "John", age: 25 }
 JAVASCRIPT VARIABLES 6

Definition :
1. Variables are used to store and manipulate data in
JavaScript.
2. They provide a way to label and reference values within
your code.
Variable Declaration:
Variables in JavaScript are declared using the
(var , let , const ) => keywords
Example :
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Variable Initialization:

You can declare and assign a value to a variable in a single

step, known as initialization.

Example :
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Variable Naming Rules:

Variable names in JavaScript must follow certain rules:

• They can contain letters, digits, underscores, or dollar signs.
• They must start with a letter, underscore, or dollar sign (not a digit).
• They are case-sensitive.

Example of valid variable names :

‘myVariable’
‘_count’
Example of Invalid variable names :
‘2test’
‘my-variable’
‘@name’
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Variable Scope

The scope of a variable refers to its visibility and accessibility within the
code.

Global Scope:
1. Variables declared outside of any function or block have global
scope.
2. Global variables can be accessed from anywhere in the code.
Example:
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Local Scope :

1. Variables declared inside a function or block have local scope.

2. Local variables are only accessible within the function or block
they are declared in.
Example:

Block Scope (let, const):

• Variable declared with ( let , const ) keyword have block Scope.
• Block scoped variables are limited to the block they are declared in ,
such as condition or loops.
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Reserved Word :

Reserved words that have special meanings and cannot be used as

variables, functions, methods, loop labels, or any object names.
These reserved words are part of the JavaScript language syntax and
serve specific purposes.
Example:
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OPERATORS IN JAVASCRIPT

Operators are symbols used to perform operations

on values in JavaScript.
They enable
• Arithmetic calculations,
• Comparisons,
• Logical operations, and more.
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ARITHMETIC OPERATORS

Operator Description

Addition: + Adds two operands

Ex: A + B will give 30

Subtraction: - Subtracts the second operand from the first

Ex: A - B will give -10

Multiplication: * Multiply both operands

Ex: A * B will give 200

Division: / Divide the numerator by the denominator

Ex: B / A will give 2

Remainder Outputs the remainder of an integer division

Ex: B % A will give 0
(Modulus): %
Increment: ++ Increases an integer value by one
Ex: A++ will give 11

Decrement: -- Decreases an integer value by one

Ex: A-- will give 9
COMPARISON OPERATORS: 14

COMPARISON OPERATORS COMPARE VALUES AND RETURN A BOOLEAN RESULT.

Operator Description
Equal to: == Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if yes, then
the condition becomes true.
Ex: (A == B) is not true.
Not equal to: != Checks if the value of two operands are equal or not, if the values
are not equal, then the condition becomes true.
Ex: (A != B) is true.

Greater than: > Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the
right operand, if yes, then the condition becomes true. Ex: (A > B) is not
true.
Less than: < Checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right
operand, if yes, then the condition becomes true. Ex: (A < B) is true.
Greater than or Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to
the value of the right operand, if yes, then the condition becomes
equal to: >= true.
Ex: (A >= B) is not true.
Less than or equal Checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the
value of the right operand, if yes, then the condition becomes
to: <= true.
Ex: (A <= B) is true.
LOGICAL OPERATORS: 15

PERFORM LOGICAL OPERATIONS AND RETURN BOOLEAN RESULTS . .

Operator Description

AND: && If both the operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes true.
Ex: (A && B) is true.

OR: || If any of the two operands are non-zero, then the condition becomes
true.
Ex: (A || B) is true

NOT: ! Reverses the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then the
Logical NOT operator will make it false.
Ex: ! (A && B) is false
 CONDITIONAL 16

STATEMENTS: IF-ELSE
• Conditional statements allow the execution of different code blocks based on certain
conditions.
• The "if-else" statement is one of the most commonly used conditional statements in
JavaScript.

if...else if... Statement

• The ‘if...else if...’ statement is an advanced form of if…else that allows JavaScript to make a
correct decision out of several conditions
LOOPS: WHILE AND FOR 17

Loops are used to repeatedly execute a block of code until a certain condition is met.
JavaScript provides two commonly used loop structures: "while" and "for" loops.
While loop :
The purpose of a while loop is to execute a statement or code block repeatedly as long as an
expression is true. Once the expression becomes false, the loop terminates.
 LOOPS: FOR 18

The ‘for’ loop is the most compact form of looping. It includes the
following three important parts:
1. The loop initialization where we initialize our counter to a
starting value. The initialization statement is executed before the
loop begins.
2. The test statement which will test if a given condition is true or
not. If the condition is true, then the code given inside the loop
will be executed, otherwise the control will come out of the loop.
3. The iteration statement where you can increase or decrease your
counter.
LOOPS: FOR 19
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CODE PROBLEM QUESTIONS

1. Write a JavaScript program to declare a variable name and assign it a string value.
Print the value of the name variable to the console.
2. Write a JavaScript program to declare two variables num1 and num2 and assign
them numerical values. Calculate the sum of num1 and num2 and store the result
in a variable called sum. Print the value of sum to the console.
3. Write a JavaScript program to declare a constant variable PI and assign it the value
of 3.14159. Declare another variable radius and assign it a numerical value.
Calculate the area of a circle using the formula area = PI * radius * radius and store
the result in a variable called circle Area. Print the value of circle Area to the
console.
4. Write a JavaScript program that takes a number as input and checks if it is positive,
negative, or zero. Print an appropriate message to the console based on the input.
5. Write a JavaScript program using a while loop to print the numbers from 1 to 10 to
the console.
6. Write a JavaScript program using a for loop to print the numbers from 1 to 10 to
the console.
THANK YOU