Smart Grid Telecommunications
Module 01 : Introduction Smart Grid System
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 1
Introduction
• Electricity is one of the foundation stone of our Society:
• Its generation, transport, and distribution need to be a fully functional and
efficient.
• All the essential services that depend on electricity and electricity is affected by
them, these services must evolve in an efficient and coordinated way, while
motivating the adoption of new technologies.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 2
Electricity at the
core of critical
services
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 3
Building Blocks of Traditional Electric Power Systems
• Electric Grid is composed of a large number of elements.
• It must be controlled to deliver its service in the most reliable and resilient manner.
Distributed Generation/Distributed Energy Resource
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 4
Basic Power Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 5
Basic Power Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 6
Smart and Robust Person
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 7
Smart Grid = ICT + Power Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 8
What is smart grid?
• Distinguished features of the smart grid are monitoring capability with:
• Data integration,
• Advanced analysis to support system control,
• Enhanced power security and effective communication to meet the
power demand.
• Efficient energy consumption and minimum costs
• Smart Grid implementation requires intelligent interaction between the
power generating, distributing and consuming devices by installing devices
capable of processing data and communicating it to various parts of the grid.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 9
Smart grid: The “Energy Internet”
• Smart Grid
• Add communication capabilities and intelligence converts electrical signals into physical characteristics.
to traditional grids
• What enables Smart Grids?
• Intelligent Sensors and Actuators
converts physical characteristics into electrical signals.
• Extended data management system
• Expanded two way communications between
power generation, distribution, and customers
• Network security etc
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 10
Definition of Smart grid
Definition by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA:
A modernized grid that enables bidirectional flows of energy and uses two-way
communication and control capabilities that will lead to an array of new
functionalities and applications.
IEEE:
• Smart grid is a large ‘System of Systems’, where each functional domain consists
of three layers: (i) the power and energy layer, (ii) the communication layer,
and (iii) the IT/computer layer.
• Layers (ii) and (iii) above are the enabling infrastructure that makes the existing
power and energy infrastructure ‘smarter’.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 11
Definition of Smart grid
According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DoE):
“Smart grid” generally refers to a class of technologies that people are using to bring utility
electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computer-based remote control and
automation. These systems are made possible by two way digital communications
technologies and computer processing that has been used for decades in other industries.
They are beginning to be used on electricity networks, from the power plants and wind
farms all the way to the consumers of electricity in homes and businesses. They offer many
benefits to utilities and consumers – mostly seen in big improvements in energy efficiency
and reliability on the electricity grid and in energy users’ homes and offices.”
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 12
Traditional Power Grid vs Smart Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 13
Traditional Power Grid vs Smart Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 14
Conventional
Grid
Vs.
Smart Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 15
Conventional
Grid
Vs.
Smart Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 16
Overview of Smart Grid
1 2 3
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 17
So Smart Grid!
Smarter
1. Generation
2. Transmission
3. Distribution
4. Customer participation
5. Operations
6. Markets
7. Service Providers
Overall objective:
Smart/best/optimal
utilization of all the
available resources.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 18
Smart Grid Domains and Sub-domains
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 19
Foundational Support Systems
• Foundational Support Systems in the Smart
Grid comprises all digital components that
support energy industry processes.
• Information technology (IT) is continuously
needed to architecture solutions and cyber
and physical security measures.
• IT also requires Communications
Technologies which poses a closer relation to
the foundational support systems of smart
grid.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 20
Customer Domain
Customers: Residential, commercial,
and industrial.
• Customers play a very important
role in distribution system
operation through demand
response using peak-load,
shaving, valley-filling etc.
• Smart building/home solutions
will monitor and control the
power consumption at the
consumer premises in an
intelligent way
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 21
Customer Domain
• Communication infrastructure will be
required for the prosumers to interact
with the operators, distribution
systems, service providers and the
market.
• Prosumer:
• A consumer who helps make
decisions about the services or
products that an organization
creates.
• it's a mix of the producer and the
consumer.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 22
Market Domain
• Grid Assets and Services are bought
and sold within this domain:
• Handles market management,
wholesale, trading, and retailing.
• Communicates with all other
domains in the Smart Grid.
• Communication between market
domain and the energy supplying
domains are critical, due to the need
for efficient matching of production and
consumption.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 23
Service Provider domain
• Actors in the domain support business processes of power producers, distributors, and customers.
• Ranging from utility services such as billing to management of energy use and generation.
• Communication Interface is
shared with the Generation,
Distribution, Markets,
Operations, and Customer.
• Communication with the
operations domain is critical
to ensure system control
and situational awareness
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 24
Operations Domain
• The domain is responsible for
operations of the grid, Including:
• monitoring, control, fault
detection and management, grid
maintenance, and customer
support.
• Communication infrastructure needs
to be in place between the generating
facilities and the system operator,
electricity market, and the
transmission system.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 25
Generation Domain
• Focuses on power generation to
supply the consumers’
demands.
• Connects to the power
transmission and distribution
domains through electrical and
communication networks.
• The communication network
exchanges information on
generator performance, as well
as quality-of-service issues.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 26
Transmission Domain
• Energy-efficient transmission
network will carry the power from
the generation facilities to the
power distribution systems.
• The transmission network needs
to be monitored in real-time, and
protected against any potential
disturbance.
• The power flow and voltage on
the lines need to be controlled in
order to maintain stable and
secure operation of the system.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 27
Distribution Domain
• Substation automation and
distribution automation will
be the key enablers for the
smart distribution systems.
• Increasing use of distributed
energy resources (DERs) will
be an important feature of
future distribution systems.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 28
Distribution Domain
• An important job of the
distribution system operator is
to control the DERs in a
coordinated way to ensure
stability and power quality of
the distribution system.
• Information exchange between
the distribution system operator
and the customers for better
operation of the distribution
system .
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 29
Smart Grid Domains and Interconnections
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 30
Distributed Generation (DG)
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 31
Distributed Generation
• Distributed generation refers to a variety of technologies that generate electricity at or near
where it will be used, such as solar panels and combined heat and power.
• Distributed generation may serve a single structure, such as a home or business, or it may be
part of a microgrid (a smaller grid that is also tied into the larger electricity delivery system),
such as at a major industrial facility, a military base, or a large college campus.
• When connected to the electric utility’s lower voltage distribution lines, distributed generation
can help support delivery of clean, reliable power to additional customers and reduce electricity
losses along transmission and distribution lines.
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 32
Microgrid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 33
Microgrid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 34
Microgrid
• Microgrid (MG) is an entity that coordinates distributed energy resources
(DERs) in an autonomous and decentralized way.
• MG is a localized group of electricity sources and loads including energy
storage systems (ESS).
• The penetration level of intermittent renewable DER in a microgrid is high.
• It can help relieve the burden on the bulk power grid and enhance grid
reliability and resiliency.
• Microgrid covers a small area as compared to the main grid.
35
Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 36
Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits
• Improving Power Reliability and Quality
• Better monitoring using sensor networks and communications
• Better and faster balancing of supply and demand
• Minimizing the Need to Construct Back-up (Peak Load) Power Plants
• Better demand side management
• The use of advanced metering infrastructures
According to the National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST)
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 37
Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits
Enhancing the capacity and efficiency of existing electric grid
• Better monitoring using sensor networks and communication
• Consequently, better control and resource management in real-time
• Improving Resilience to Disruption and Being Self-Healing
• Better monitoring using sensor networks and communications
• Distributed grid management and control
According to the National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST)
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 38
Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits
Expanding Deployment of Renewable and Distributed Energy Sources
• Better monitoring using sensor networks and communications
• Consequently, better control and resource management in real-time
• Better demand side Management
• Better renewable energy forecasting models
• Providing the infrastructure / incentives.
• Automating maintenance and operation
• Better monitoring using sensor networks and communications
• Distributed grid management and control.
2/5/2024 According to the National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 39
Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits
According to the National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST)
• Enabling transition to plug-in electric vehicles
• Can also provide new storage opportunities
• Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
• Supporting / encouraging the use of electric vehicles.
• Renewable power generation with low carbon footprint .
• Reducing oil consumption
• Supporting / encouraging the use of electric vehicles
• Renewable power generation with low carbon footprint
• Better demand side Management (Q: Why?)
2/5/2024
According to the National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 40
Anticipated Smart Grid Benefits
Increasing consumer choice
• The use of advanced metering infrastructures
• Home automation
• Energy smart appliances
• Better demand side Management
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 41
Telecommunications are Instrumental for the Smart Grid
2/5/2024 Dr. Sadiq Ali Department of Electrical Engineering 42
