Department of School Education and Literacy

Lesson Based Assessment Materials

2025-26

Subject: Social science

Class: 10

Directorate of state Educational Research and Training

Banashankari 3rd Stage Bengaluru- 560085

And

DIET HAVERI
 Concept and guidance
Smt Rashmi Mahesh V, I.A.S
Principal Secretary Department of School Education and Literacy
Dr.Trilokchandra K V Shri Gopala Krishna H N
I.A.S Commissioner Department of Director DSERT
School Education and Literacy Beggaluru
DIET Cooperation
Principal : Z M Khaji Mentor : Shri Kotreshappa chatriki
Arrangement
Smt Radha P
Senior Assistant Director
DSERT Bengaluru

Lesson Based Assessment Preparation Team

SHANKAR LAMANAI SHRINIVAS KALAL
GHS BISALAHALLI TQ: BYADAGI KPS ADUR TQ: HANAGAL
NAGARAJ ASIAMBLI
VASANTH SHAGOTI
KPS AREMALLAPUR TQ:
GHS ICHCHANGI TQ: SAVANUR
RANEBENNUR
NINGAPPA KATENEHALLI SHANMUKHA G H
GHS BANNUR TQ: SHIGGAON GHS KADURU TQ: HIREKERUR
GIRISH SAVANUR SHANKAR CHAKRASALI
GHS KUNUR TQ: SHIGGAON GHS HIREANAJI TQ: BYADAGI
SUBHAS KURUBAR
SUNITA KALAKERI
GHS HIREMANAKATTI TQl
GHS NELOGAL TQ: HAVERI
SHIGGAON
SHIVARAJ ADARAKATTI
C T PUJAR
GHS BENAKANAKONDA TQ:
GHS KALASUR TQ: SAVANUR
RANEBENNUR
Mentor and Scrutinizer
Sri Lakshminarayana Boarker Sri Sudhakara Reddy H
Asst Teacher G H S Kadalaveni
K P S Muniyalu Chikkaballapura
Hebri Tq Udupi -574108
 HISTORY
Chapter 1
Arrival of Europeans in India
Learning Outcomes:
• Understand the trade and commercial relations that India had with Europeans.
• List the Europeans who came to India for trade.
• Understand the background of the political rivalry of Europeans led to the
Carnatic Wars.
• Explain the causes and effects of the Battle of Plassey, Battle of Buxar
• Explain the dual-government system.

I. Four options are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. The `Gateway to European Trade’(Easy)
a) Italy b) Constantinople c) Paris d) Arabia
2. The person who discovered a new sea route to India (June-2022) (Easy)
a) Vasco da Gama b) Dupleix c) Almeida d) Albuquerque
3. The Portuguese Viceroy who implemented the `Blue Water Policy’ (Easy)
A) Vasco Gama B) Francisco de Almeida
C)Alfonso de Albuquerque D) Duplex
4. The First Carnatic War ended with the treaty of (Easy)
A) Pondicherry B) Aix-la-Chapelle C) Paris D) Wandi wash
5. The Mughal emperor who gave permission to the British to trade freely in Bengal
(Easy)
A) Jahangir B) Shah Alam II C) Bahadur Shah D) Farooq Siyar
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. Who introduced the Dual Government in Bengal? (June-2020) (Easy)
2. What is meant by Blue Water Policy? (Easy)
3. Who captured Constantinople in 1453? (June-2020) (Easy)
4. Who was the real founder of the Portuguese Empire in India? (Average)
5. Which treaty ended the Third Carnatic War? (Easy)
6. Which was the capital of the French in India? (Easy)
7. Where did Vasco da Gama land in India? (Easy)
8. Which was the princely state ruled by Marthanda Varma? (Easy)

III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.

1. Discuss the factors that led to the discovery of a new sea route to India.
(September-2020) (Average)
2. Explain the system of ‘Dual Government’. (Average)
3. What were the consequences of the Second Carnatic War? / Explain the Second
Carnatic War? (March- 2020, June-2025) (Average)
4. What were the results of the 3rd Carnatic War? (Average) (March- 2020)
5. State the causes of the Battle of Buxar. (Average) (April-2025)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
1. State the consequences of the Battle of Buxar. (September-2022, April-2023,
April-2023) (Average)
2. What were the causes and consequences of the Battle of Plassey? (Difficult) (June-
2023, June-2023)
3. How did Martanda Varma control the Dutch? (Difficult)

Chapter 2
Expansion of British Rule
Learning Outcomes:
• List the ways in which the British expanded their empire in India.
• Explain the Anglo-Maratha Wars
• Explain the Auxiliary Army System
• Explain the Anglo-Sikh Wars
• Understand the policy of lapse
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. The First Anglo-Maratha War ended with the treaty of (September-2020) (Easy)
a) Bassein b) Salbai c) Lahore d) Poona
2. The system of Subsidiary Alliance was introduced by (September-2022) (Easy)
a) Lord Dalhousie b) Lord Wellesley
c) Robert Clive d) Count de Lally
3. The first state which accepted the system of Subsidiary Alliance (Average) (April-
2023)
A) Hyderabad B) Mysore C) Maratha D) Sikh
4. After the 3rd Anglo-Maratha War, the traditional leader installed by the British in
Satara (Average)
A) Sambhaji B) Shivaji C) Shahaji D) Pratap Singh
5. The one who implemented the Doctrine of Lapse (Easy)
A) Lord Dalhousie B) Lord Wellesley
C) Robert Clive D) Count de Lally
6. The one who annexed Punjab to the British Empire (Average) (April-2024)
(A) Dalhousie (B) Wellesley (C) Robert Clive (D) Cornwallis
7. The Second Anglo-Maratha War ended with the treaty of (June-2023) (Easy)
a) Bassien b) Salbai c) Lahore d) Poona

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1.Who successfully organized the Sikhs? (Average)
2. What is meant by System of subsidiary Alliance? (Average)
3. Why did Wellesley resigned and return to Britain? (Difficult) (June-2022)
4. What was the reason for the Third Anglo-Maratha War? (Average)
5. What was the reason for political anarchy in Punjab in 1839? (Average)
6. Who became the Peshwa after the First Anglo-Maratha War? (Average) (September-
2022)

III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.

1. Which were the policies adopted by the British to expand their empire in India? (Easy)
2. What were the causes of the First Anglo-Maratha War? (Average)
3. What were the causes of the Third Anglo-Maratha War? (Average)
4. What were the consequences of the Third Anglo-Maratha War? (Average)
5. How did the Doctrine of Lapse help in the expansion of British power? (Difficult)

IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

1. What were the conditions under Subsidiary Alliance? (Average) (June-2020, June-
2022, June-2023, June-2024, April-2025, June 2025)
 Chapter 3
Effects of British Rule
Learning Outcomes:
• Describe the changes in the administrative and judicial system implemented by
the British in India.
• Explain the civil service system implemented by the British in India.
• Compare the police system and army system implemented by the British in India
with the police system and army system of today.
• Understand how the land revenue policies implemented by the British in India
were fatal to the Indian farmers.
• Understand how the impact of British education created new generations in India.
• Understand how the laws of the British era helped in the formation of the Indian
Constitution.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order
1. The law which established the Supreme Court in Calcutta (Average)
A) Regulating Act of 1773 B) Charter Act of 1833
C) Government of India Act of 1935 D) Indian Council Act of 1909
2) The post of Superintendent of Police was created by (Average)
A) Warren Hastings B) Cornwallis C) Wellesley D) Dalhousie
3) The British Governor who established new universities in Calcutta, Bombay and
Madras (Average) (September 2021)
A) William Bentinck B) Warren Hastings C) Dalhousie D) Thomas Munro
4) The reason for creating the separate electoral system in 1909 (Average) (April 2019)
A) Separate representation for Muslims
B) Separate representation for Europeans
C) Separate representation for Sikhs
D) To provide separate representation to Christians
5) The Government of India Act, 1935 was an important document of independent India
because (Difficult) (June 2025/April 2016)
A) It introduced a two-party government in the provinces
B) It established a Board of Control
C) It introduced separate electoral constituencies on the basis of caste.
 D) It created a Federal System.
6) The permanent zamindari system was introduced by (June 2024) (Easy)
A) Warren Hastings B) Cornwallis C) Wellesley D) Dalhousie
7) The person who gave a report on the modern education system (Average)
A) Alexander Reid B) Macaulay
C) Charles Wood D) R. M. Bird
III. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
8) Who was the first British officer to promote modern education in India? (Average)
9) What is a Mahal? (Easy)
10) What is the Policy of Assumption? (Average) (March 2019)
11) What is a Diwani Adalat? (Average)

IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

12) Which were the main aspects of the Regulating Act? (Average) (April 2021)
13) What was the highest position enjoyed by Indians during the British era? (Easy)
14) Who said that “Indian farmers were born in debt, lived in debt and died in debt”?
(Average)
15) Which act allowed the establishment of the Reserve Bank of India? (Easy)

V. Answer the following questions in eight to ten sentences each.

16) What are the features of the Ryotwari system? (Average)
17) What were the effects of British education policy on India? (Average) (April
2016/Jun 2017)
18. What were the effects of British revenue policy on Indian? (Average) (April
2018/April 2025)
19) What are the provisions of the Montego-Chelmsford Act of 1919? (Average)
20) Justify that the Government of India Act of 1935 played a very important role in the
formation of the Constitution. (Difficult) (March 2025)
21) What were the effects of the British judicial system on India? (Average)

Chapter - 4.
Resistances to in British rule Karnataka and the Wodiyars of Mysore
Learning Outcomes:
• Appreciate the achievements and contributions of the Mysore kings.
 • Summarize the life and achievements of Krishnaraja Wodeyar IV
• Explain with examples how Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan fought against the British.
• Appreciate how Rani Chennamma and Sangolli Rayanna fought in the Kittur
rebellion.
• Explain how the Amarasulya rebellion was a peasant rebellion.
• Appreciate how the Rebellion was an important struggle in the Indian freedom
struggle.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement.
Choose one appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer
with its alphabetical order
II. 1 The state anthem of Mysore, Kayo Sri Gowri was composed by (Easy)
A) Dewanpurnaiah B) Kesheshadri Iyer
C) Basppa shastri D) Sir M. Visvesvaraya
2) Treaty signed at the end of First Anglo-Mysore War (April 2019) (Easy)
A) Treaty of Mangalore B) Treaty of Seringapatam
C) Salbai Agreement D) Treaty of Madras
3) Surapura located in the district of (Average)

A) Kalaburagi B) Bellary C) Raichur D) Yadagiri

4) The place where Sangolli Rayanna hanged (Easy)
A) Kittur B) Nandagad C) Belgaum D) Sampagavi
5 The result of the Battle of Porto Nova (Average)
A) Hyder Ali was defeated by the British
B) Tipu Sultan was defeated by the British
C) Kittur was defeated by the British
D) Dondia was martyred
6) The Wodiyar who constructed Bangalore-Mysore railway line (Easy) (June 2023)
A) Jayachamaraja Wodiyar B) Krishnaraja wodiyar IV
C) Chamarajendra wodiyar X D) Raja Wodiyar.
7) The one among the following being called Rajshri by Mahatma Gandhi (Average)
(June 2020)
A) Jayachamaraja Wodiyar B) Krishnaraja wodiyar IV
C) Chamarajendra Wodiyar X D) Raja Wodiyar.
8) The Navratri festival (Dasara) of Mysore was started by (Easy)
A) Jayachamaraja Wodiyar B) Krishnaraja wodiyar IV
C) Chamarajendra wodiyar X D) Raja Wodiyar.
II. Answer the following questions in two sentences each.
9) How is 17th century being called? (Average)
10) What was the reason for shifting Queen Chennamma from Bailahongala to Kusugal
Jail? (Average)
11) What is meant by peasant revolt? (Average)
12) What was the reason for the rebellion of Bedas of Halagali against the British?
(Average) (Mar 2019)
13) Who offered the crown of Rajamudi to Melukote Cheluva Narayana Swamy? (Easy)
III. Answer the following questions in eight to ten sentences each.
14) What were the achievements of Raja Wodiyar? (Average)

15) What were the contributions of K Sheshadri Iyer in the development of Mysore?
(Average) (March-2024)
16) What were the conditions of the Treaty of Srirangapatna / The Treaty of
Srirangapatna was inevitable for Tippu. Justify. (Average) (Mar 2020/June 2015/June
2018)
17) Explain the achievements of Krishna Raja Wodiyar IV (Average) (April 2023/Jul
2023/P2-2024/ A 2025) (Average)
18) Why is the 18th century called the century of political problems? (Difficult)
19) Explain the role of Sangolli Rayanna in the freedom struggle of Kittur. (Average)
(March 2019)
20) Why is the Amara Sulya Rebellion called a peasant revolt? (Difficult) (March 2024)

History: Chapter- 5
. Learning Outcomes:
• The 19th century is known as the period of ‘Indian Renaissance’.
• The establishment and reforms of Brahma Samaj, Arya Samaj, Prathana Samaj,
Satyashodhaka Samaj will be known.
• The Young Bengali and Aligarh Movements will be explained.
• The teachings of Ramakrishna Mission will be understood.
• The ideas of Theosophical Society will be explained.
 • The ideas of Narayana Guru’s Dharmaparipalana Yogam and Periyar will be
understood.

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its letter.
1. The reform organization based on the principle that service to humanity is service to
the God (Average)
A. Satya Shodhak Samaj B. Prathana Samaj
C. Arya Samaj D. Ramakrishna Mission
2. The reason for starting the newspaper 'Samvada Kaumudi' was (Average)
A. To oppose the British rule B. To support the British rule
C. To develop rationality among the people D. To criticize the Indian society
3. Dr. B R Ambedkar was influenced by the principles of (Average)
A. Swami Vivekananda B. Dayanand Saraswati
C. Jyotiba Phule D. Atmaram Pandurang
4. The Brahma Vidya Samaj was started by (Easy)
A. Ram Mohan Roy B. Annie Besant
C. Dayanand Saraswati D. Colonel Alcott & Madame Blavatsky
5 The newspaper 'New India' was started by (Easy)
A. Rajaram Mohan Roy B. Mahatma Gandhi
C. Annie Besant D. Dayanand Saraswati
6. The Call 'Return to the Vedas' given by (Easy)
A. Dayanand Saraswati B. Atmaram Pandurang
C. Swami Vivekananda D. Rajaram Mohan Roy

7. In order to revive the Indian society Dayanand Saraswati (Average)

A. Declared return to the Vedas
B. Wrote Satyartha Prakash
C. Started the Cow Protection Association D. Started the Shuddhi Movement
8. Identify the odd one (Easy)
A. Rajaram Mohan Roy- Samvad Kaumudi
B. Dayanand Saraswati - Satyartha Prakash
C. Narayan Guru- Revolt
D. Annie Besant - New India
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. How is the 19th century being called? (Average)
2. Which newspaper did Ram Mohan Roy start? (Easy)
3. Who was the founder of the Prarthana Samaj? (Easy)
4. Who advocated freedom as the first need of every human being? (Average)
5. Who was the teacher of Swami Vivekananda? (Easy)
6. Who started the Young Bengali Movement? (Easy)
7. What was the purpose of establishing the Ramakrishna Mission? (Average)
(September-2020)
8. Who said, “There is one caste, one religion and one God for the human race”?
(Average)
9. Who was the social reformer who wrote the book Slavery? (Average)
10. Who was the social reformer who popularized the Prarthana Samaj? (Average)
11. Who started the Anglo Oriental College? (Easy)
12. How did William Bentinck support Raja Rammohan Roy's fight against the practice
of Sati? (Difficult)
13. Who wrote the book Satyartha Prakasha? (June-2024) (Easy)
III. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
1. The 19th century is called ‘the century of Indian Renaissance'. Why? (Difficult)
2. Mention the reforms advocated by Raja Rammohan Roy. (Average) (June-2025)
3. What were the reforms of the Satya Shodak Samaj? (Easy)
4. What were the teachings of the Brahma Samaj? (Easy)
5. State the reforms of Dayananda Saraswati / State the objectives of Arya Samaj.
(Average) (June-2020, June-2022 September-2022, April-2025)
6. State the reforms /objectives of Prathana Samaj. (Average)
(April-2023, June-2023)
7. What were the contributions of Swami Vivekananda? (Average)
8. What were the reform measures of Annie Besant? (Average) (September-2020, April-
2024, August-2024)
9. State the reforms of Sri Narayana Guru Dharma Paripalana Yogam. (Average)
10. State the highlights of Periyar movement. (Average)
Chapter- 6
India's First War of Independence (1857)
. Learning Outcomes:
• Explain the reasons for the First War of Independence
 • Understand the immediate cause of the war
• Understand the expansion and nature of the war
• Analyze the failure and consequences of the war
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its letter.
1. The immediate cause of the 1857 rebellion was (Average)
A. The Doctrine of Lapse
B. The death of Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi
C. The introduction of Royal Enfield rifles
D. Overthrowing of the Mughal emperor
2. The leader who rose against the British in Kanpur (Easy)
A. Mangal Pandey B. Dondia Wagh
C. Nana Saheb D. Bahadur Shah II
3. One of the reasons for the failure of the first Indian war of independence was
(Average)
A. It was spread across the country
B. It was a well-organized rebellion
C. It did not have a strong leader
D. Many Indian kings were disloyal to the British
4. The reason why the sepoys lost the confidence of the common people during the first
war of independence was (Difficult)
A. Lack of support from the native kings
B. Lack of appropriate guidance
C. Self-interest and struggle for individual rights
D. Looting and robberies by the Soldiers'
II. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence.
1. What did Indian historians call the 1857 struggle? (Easy)
2. Who killed a British officer at Byrakhpur during the 1857 struggle? (Easy)
3. At what place British captured the Queen of Jhansi? (Average)
4. What was the name of the proclamation issued by the Queen of Britain in India in
1858? (Easy)
5. What was the event that triggered the first Indian War of Independence in 1857?
(Difficult)
III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
1. What were the political reasons for the 1857 Revolt? (Average) (April-2023)
2. What were the economic reasons for the 1857 Revolt? (Average) (September-2020,
April-2023)
3. What were the administrative reasons for the 1857 Revolt? (Average) (September-
2020)
4. What were the military reasons for the 1857 Revolt? (Average)
5. What was the immediate cause of the First War of Independence? (Easy)
IV. Answer each of the following questions in eight to ten sentences.
1. What were the reasons for the failure of the 1857 Revolt? (Average) (June-2020, June-
2022, September-2022, April-2024, June-2024, August-2024, April-2025, June-2025)
2. What were the consequences of the 1857 revolt? (Average) (April-2023)

Chapter- 7
Freedom Struggle
Learning Outcomes:
• To know about the Indian National Congress.
• To identify moderates, extremists and revolutionaries.
• To know about the Gandhian era in the freedom struggle.
• To know the background of the farmers' and workers' protests.
• To know the role of the leaders of the important freedom fighters.
• To know about the partition of India.

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its letter.
1. Founder of Indian National Congress (Easy)
A) Mahatma Gandhiji B) A.O. Hume
C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak D) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
2. The one who was associated with the Marathi newspaper Kesari (Mar-2019 Sep.2021)
(Easy)
A) Jawaharlal Nehru B) Ras Bihari Bose
C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak D) Gopalakrishna Gokhale
3. Swarajya Party was established in the year (Easy)
A) 1924 B)1923 C) 1929 D)1906
4. The Haripura session of Indian National Congress was presided over by (Easy)
 A) Jawaharlal Nehru B) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
C) Lal Lajpat Rai D) Subhash Chandra Bose
5. The Drain theory of wealth was propagated by (June 2022) (Easy)
A) Dada Bai Naoroji B) Aurobindo Ghosh
C) Lal Lajpat Roy D) Subhash Chandra Bose
6. The first Prime Minister of India was (Easy)
A) Jawaharlal Nehru B) Dr.B.R. Ambedkar
C) Lal Lajpat Roy D) Subhash Chandra Bose
7. The prominent moderate leader among the following (Average) (Sep-2021)
A) Arabindo Ghosh B) Lala Lajpat Roy
C) Gopakrishna Ghokhale D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
8. Reason for partition of Bengal in 1905 (Average) (Mar-2015)
A) To separate Hindus and Muslims
B) To promote trade in Bengal
C) To develop the West Bengal region
D) To provide infrastructure to the people
9. The Quit India Movement gave leadership to non-Congress leaders. The prominent
among them is (Average)
a) Kasturba Gandhi b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
c) Jayaprakash Narayan d) Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
10. Gandhiji started the Champaran Movement (Average)(Jun-2021)
A) To support the indigo farmers B) To support the cotton farmers
C) To support the planters D) To support the tea estate workers
11. The movement led by the Ali brothers was (A-2022) (Easy)
A) Non-cooperation B) Khilapat
C) Civil Disobedience Movement D) Quit India
II. Answer the following questions one-sentence each.
12. Who implemented the vernacular press Act? (Easy)
13. When was the Indian National Congress founded? (Easy)
14. Who composed ‘Gita Rahasya’? (Easy)
15. Which were the secret organizations during the freedom movement in India? (Easy)
16. Who led the Khilafath Movement in India? (Easy)
17. Who was the President of the Lahore Session of Congress? (Easy)
18. In which year did the Quit India Movement take place? (Easy)
19. Who was the founder of the Forward Block Party? (Easy)
20. Who Published the Janata and Mooknayaka newspapers? (Easy)
21. Who led the Non-Aligned Movement? (Easy)
22. Who was the last Viceroy of India? (Easy)
23. Which commission demarcated the border between India and Pakistan? (Easy)
24. Who demanded a separate Muslim nation? (Easy)
25. Who declared that Swaraj is my birthright? (Easy)

III. Answer the following questions in 5-6 sentences each.

26. Explain the role of the Moderates in the freedom struggle. (Average) (April-2017,
2021 Sep 2020 Mar - 2022)
Or
Who are the Moderates? Explain their method of struggle. (Average)
27. Explain the Drain theory of wealth / How did Naoroji's Drain theory of wealth
awakened Indians. (Average)
28. Explain the role of Bal Gangadhar Tilak in the freedom struggle / Explain the role of
extremists. (Average) (Jun-2017)
29. Explain the method of struggle of revolutionaries (Average) (Mar-2024)
30. Explain the role of non-cooperation movement in the freedom struggle. (Average)
(March - 2020, 2021, 2022)
31. Explain the civil disobedience movement. (Average)
32. Explain the Quit India movement. (Average)
33. Explain the protests of farmers and workers in the freedom struggle. (Average) (Mar
2019, 2020)
34. Explain the tribal rebellions in the freedom struggle. (Average) (Jun-2022)
35. Explain the role of Gandhiji in the Champaranya movement. (Average)
36. Explain the struggle of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar (Average) (April-2016, 2020, 2022, 2023,
2024)
37.What were the achievements of Jawaharlal Nehru? (Average) (March- 2015, 2016,
2018, 2021)
Chapter-8
Post-Independent India
Learning Outcomes:
• Understand the consequences of the partition of India
• Understand the problem of refugees.
 • Understand the problem of government formation
• Understand the importance of the Reorganization of states
• Understand the States Reorganization Act

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its letter.
1.The report that led to the emergence of two independent nations, India and Pakistan
(Average)
A) Macaulay Report
B) Mountbatten Report
C) Board of Directors Report
D) Viceroy's Report
2. The two elements added to our Constitution under the 42nd Amendment (Average)
(Ma- 2019)
A) Socialist-Republican B) Socialist-Sovereign
C) Socialist-Democratic D) Secular-Socialist
3. The Iron Man of India (March- 2021) (Easy)
A) Mahatma Gandhi B) Lal Bahadur Shastri
C) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
4. Mysore State was renamed as Karnataka in (Easy)
A) 1963 B) 1983
C) 1953 D) 1973
II. Answer the following questions in one-sentence each.
5. Who was the first President of India? (Easy)
6. When was the constitution of India came in to force? (Easy)
7. When was Goa became a state? (Easy)
8. Who was the chairman of the State Reorganization Commission? (Easy)
9. Which was the first linguistic state of India? (Easy)
10. Which organization fought for the unification of Karnataka state? (Easy)

11. What were the problems faced by India after independence? (Average) (June -2021)
12. How was Pondicherry liberated from the French? (Difficult)
13. How was the Hyderabad State merged in to Indian union? (Difficult) (April-2022)
14. Explain the role of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel in the unification of the princely states.
(Average)
15. How was the Junagadh State incorporated? (Difficult)
16. Explain the Goan liberation Movement. (Average) (April -2019,2021,2022,)

Chapter 9
World Wars and India's Role
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the causes and consequences of World War I.
• Explain the Nazism of Hitler.
• Explain the fascism of Mussolini.
• Explain the causes and consequences of World War II.
• Explain the role of India in the world wars

I. Four options are given for the following questions or incomplete statements.
Choose the appropriate answer from them and write it with its letter.
1. The policy of not joining any power blocks is called (Average)
A) Blue water policy B) Non-alignment policy
C) Apartheid policy D) Human rights policy
2. The correct group of countries belongs to Tripple Alliance (Average)
A) Britain, France, Russia B) Italy, France, Russia
C) Germany, Austria, Hungary D) Germany, Austria, Hungary France
3. The cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are (Easy)
A) In the United States of America B) In Germany
C) In Japan D) In Poland
4. The treaty that ended the First World War (Easy)
A) Treaty of Versailles B) Treaty of Geneva
C) Treaty of Paris D) Treaty of Tashkent
5. The correct group of two countries that engaged in the Cold War (Average) (June
2019)
A) United States – China B) United States – Japan
C) China – Soviet Russia D) United States – Soviet Russia
6.The one among the following is different from the rest (Average) (April 2024)
A) Axis B) Allies C) Alliance D) Grey Shirts
7. Why did Adolf Hitler form the Grey Shirts? (Difficult)
8. Why did Hitler appoint a special minister named Goebbels? (Difficult)
9. Name the fascist dictator of Italy. (Easy)
10. Where is Teenmurthy Bhavan located? (April -2024) (Easy)
11. Why was the League of Nations established? (Difficult)
12. What is meant by Holocaust? (Average)
13. What was the immediate cause for the First World War? (April -2024) (Easy)
14. What was the humiliating pact made with Germany? (Easy)
15. When was the Russian Revolution took place? (Easy)
16. Who was the founder of the Nazi Party? (Easy)
17. What are the features of fascism? (April 2017,2019) (Easy)
18. State the effects of the Great Depression of 1930. (Average)
19. State the summary of Nazism. (June 2019) (Average)
20. What is the significance of Teen Murthy Bhavan? (Average)
21. State the causes and effects of World War I. (Average)
22. State the causes and effects of World War II. (Average) (April -2 2024)
23. Explain the role of India in the World War I / What was the role of the Mysore in the
World War I (Average)
24. How did Britain use India's resources during World War II? (Difficult)
25. Name the chief commandants of Mysore who participated in the World wars.
(Average)

GEOGRAPHY
Chapter: 1.
India: Geographical Location and Natural Features
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the greatness and heritage of our country.
• Explain the background and diversity of the name India.
• Name the geographical location, area, land and water borders and neighboring
countries of India.
• Describe the natural features of India.
• Name the natural divisions of India.
• Identify mountain peaks, hills, important latitudes and longitudes and important
ports on the map of India.
I. Choose and write the appropriate answer to the following questions 4×1=4
1. The Eastern Coastal Plain (SLP 2020) (Easy)
A) is long B) is wide C) is steep D) is narrow
2. Ladakh Plateau is found (SLP 2023) (Easy)
A) In the Central Himalayas B) In the Great Himalayas
C) In the Shivalik Hills D) In the Indian Plateau
3. Highest mountain peak of India (June-2019) (Easy)
A) Godwin Austin B) Mount Everest.
C) Anaimudi D) Guru Shikhara
4. The largest geographical division of India is (Easy)
A) Northern Plain. B) Himalayas
C) Coastal Plain and Islands. D) Indian Plateau.
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
5. Where do the Eastern and Western Ghats meet? (Easy) (Mar/April 2022)
6. Why is the North Indian Plain called the accumulation plain? (Difficult) (MQP 2022)
7. Name any two hill stations in the Himalayas. (SLP 2022) (Easy)
8. What are the Dunes? (Easy)
9. Which is the oldest land mass in India? (Easy)
10. What is another name for the Great Himalayas? (Easy)
11. Which is the highest mountain peak in South India? (Easy)
12. Which is the highest mountain peak found in the Western Ghats? (Easy)
13. On which longitude is the Indian Standard Time based? (Easy)
14. How are the western ghats called in Maharashtra and Karnataka? (Average)
III. Answer the following questions in two-three sentences each.
15. Which are the major natural divisions of India? (Easy)
16. How does the peninsular plateau play an important role in the economic development
of the country? (Difficult) (MQP2021-22)
17.Discuss the difference between Eastern and Western Ghats. (Average)
18.How are the Himalayas useful for Indians? (Average) (SLP 2020 June 2023)
IV. 19. Draw an outline map of India and mark the following places. (Average)
A) Indira Col. (SLP 2020, June 2025)
B) Nilgiris. (MQP-1. 21-22)
C) Malabar Coast. MQP-2.21-22)
D) 82 ½ East longitude (June 22 Mar/Apl 23. Mar/Apl 2025 June2025)
 E) Tropic of Cancer (April 2022, June2024, Aug 2024)
20. Draw an outline map of India and mark the following places. (Average)
A) Vindhya Range (SLP 2020)
B) Aravalli Mountains
C) Konkan Coast (Mar/ April 2024)
D) Coromandel Coast (SLP 2025)
E) K2 / Godwin Austin

Chapter: 2.
Seasons of India.
Learning Outcomes
• Identify the main features of the climate of India.
• Analyze the climatic conditions of the seasons of India.
• Explain the distribution and effects of seasonal rainfall in India.
• Name the areas that receive more rainfall and the areas that receive less rainfall in
India.
• Identify the places that receive more rainfall and the places that receive less
rainfall on the map of India.
I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. What is the reason for the high temperature in North India during summer? (Average)
2. What is the reason for the rainfall in summer? (Average) (April-2023)
3. What is Kalbaisaki?) (Easy)

4. Which are the two branches of the southwest monsoon? (Easy)

(June-2015)
5. Which state does not receive rain during the southwest monsoon? (Average)
6. Which is the period of lowest rainfall in India? (Easy)
7. What is meant by coffee blossom (coffee shower)? (March-2021) (Easy)
8. What is meant by mango showers? (Easy)
9. Why does the western part of the Western Ghats receive more rainfall? (Difficult)
10. Why is the retreating period of monsoon called the north east monsoon? (Difficult)
11. Which place records highest temperature in India? (Easy)
12. Which region receives the highest rainfall in India? (Easy)
13. Which region receives the lowest rainfall in India? (June-2023) (Easy)
14. What causes cyclonic storms during the retreating monsoon season? (Average)
15. Why is temperature lower in South India than in North India during summer?
(Difficult) (April-2016)
II. Answer the following questions in three to four sentences each.
16.Which are the main climate seasons of India? (April-2022) (Easy)
17.Which are the factors that affect India’s climate? (June-2018) (Easy)
18.What are the reasons for the retreating of monsoon winds in early October? (Average)
19.Which regions of India receive the highest rainfall? (Easy)
20.“Indian agriculture is a gambling with the monsoon.” Justify. (Difficult) (April-2015,
2017, 2018, June-2017)
Chapter-3
Soils of India
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the types of soil in India.
• Explain the distribution of soil in India and the crops grown in them.
• Understand the differences between different soils in India.
• Understand the causes of soil erosion.
• Understand the effects of soil erosion.
• Understand what kind of measures should be taken to prevent soil erosion.
I. Four options are given for each of these questions or incomplete statements.
Choose one appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its
letter.
1.This Soil is covering largest area on the Deccan plateau (April -2024) (Easy)
(a) Black soil (b) Red soil (c) Alluvial soil (d) Desert soil
2.The most extensively spread soil in India (Easy)
(a) Mountain soil (b) Black soil (c) Alluvium (d) Red clay
3. This soil also called Regur Soil (A-2018) (Easy)
(a) Black soil (b) Desert soil (c) Loamy soil (d) Alluvial soil
4. Soil suitable for dry farming (Average)
(a) Red clay (b) Black clay (c) Alluvium (d) Desert soil
5. Soil suitable for growing millet, tobacco, oilseeds (Average)
(a) Red soil (b) Mountain soil (c) Black soil (d) Alluvial soil
6. Deficiency of nitrogen and salts is found in this soil (Difficult)
(a) Black soil (b) Jumbittige soil (c) Red soil (d) Regur soil
7. Most common soil found in Rajasthan (A-2018) (Easy)
(a) Desert soil (b) Red soil (c) black soil (d) mountain soil
8. Decayed organic matter is abundantly found in (Easy)
(a) Mountain soil (b) Red soil (c) black soil (d) Jambittigemannu
9. Soil found in areas with more than 200 cm of rainfall (Average)
(a) Red soil (b) Black soil (c) Desert soil (d) Alluvial soil
10. The soil found in the Deccan Trap region (Average) (June-2016)
(a) Black soil (b) Alluvial soil (c) Red soil (d) Regur soil
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
11. What is the reason for the presence of different types of soils in India? (Average)
12. Which are the elements contained in soil? (Easy)
13. What is alluvial soil? (Easy)
14. Why is black soil called ‘black cotton soil’? (A-2019)
15. What is ‘Regur soil’? (Easy)
16. Why does black soil retain moisture for a long time? (July-2021)
17. How is desert soil formed? (Average)
18. Which type of soil is found in the Himalayas? (Easy)
19. Why is desert soil not suitable for agriculture? (Difficult)
20. Why is laterite soil mostly found in the Western Ghats of India? (Difficult)
21. What is meant by soil erosion? (Easy)
22. What is soil conservation? (Easy)
23. What are the main causes for soil erosion? (Average)
24. Why are the natural springs drying up? (Difficult)
25. How is laterite soil formed? (Average) (Sep-2020)
26. Recently, the storage capacity of our reservoirs is decreasing. Why? (Difficult)
(Jun-2016)
III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
27. What are the causes for soil erosion? (Average) (Jun-2015, Jun-2018, Jun-2022, Jun-
2020, Apr-2022, Mar-2024)
28. Which are the characteristics of mountain soil? (Average)
29. Write a note on red soil. (Average)
30. Why is laterite soil red in colour? (Difficult)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
31. Soil erosion causes many problems. How? (Difficult) (A-2017, Jun-2017, Mar-2020,
A-2023, Mar-2024)
32. How is black soil different from Laterite soil? (Average)
33. Which are the major soils found in India? (Easy)
34. How is desert soil different from alluvial soil? (Average)
V. Answer the following question in eight sentences each.
35. How can we prevent soil erosion? (Average) (April-2015, April-2016, Mar-2021,
Jun-2023, P1-2025)

Chapter-4
India's Forest Resources
Learning Outcomes
• They will know the types of forests in India.
• They will know the distribution of forests in India.
• They will know the differences between different forests.
• They will explain the benefits of forests.
• They will understand the slogan " Grow Green " and will take steps to protect
plants and trees.
• They will know the wildlife sanctuaries and national parks in India.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. Sundarbans are found in (A-2019, A-2022) (Easy)
(A) Narmada delta (B) Ganges delta
(C) Indus delta (D) Godavari delta
2. The most widespread forest in India (Easy)
(A) Deciduous monsoon forests (B) Evergreen forests
(C) Mangrove forests (D) Tropical grassland forests
3. Type of forest found in Himalayas (Easy)
(A) Mangrove forests (B) Desert forests
(C) Deciduous monsoon forests (D) Alpine forests
4. In this type of forests, the plants have deep roots and thorns (Average)
(a) Desert forests (b) Mangrove forests
(c) Evergreen forests (d) Alpine forests
5. The type of forest found in Assam and Meghalaya (Average)
(A) Evergreen forests (B) Mangrove forests
 (C) Alpine forests D) Deciduous monsoon forests
6.The state which has the highest forest area in India (April -2019) (Easy)
(A) Haryana (B) Karnataka (C) Maharashtra (D) Madhya Pradesh
7.The state which has the lowest forest area in India (Average)
(A) Rajasthan (B) Haryana (C) Bihar (D) Kerala
8. Types of forests found in estuaries and lowlands (Average)
(A) Desert forests (B) Alpine forests
(C) Tropical grassland forests (D) Mangrove forests
9. India’s first biosphere reserve (Average)
(A) Sundarbans (b) Manas (c) Nilgiri (d) Nanda Devi

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

10. Why are the mangrove forests of the Ganges delta called Sundarbans? (Difficult) (A-
2023)
11. What is natural vegetation or forests? (Average)
12. According to the ‘Forest Status Report of India 2021’, what is the area under forest in
India? (Easy)
13. Deciduous forests are called ‘deciduous monsoon forests’ in India. Why? (Difficult)
(June-2020, June-2022)
14. Which forest is found with Babul, Shisham, Sabai grass? (Average)
15. Deciduous monsoon forests are widely distributed in India. Why? (Difficult)
16. What is forest conservation? (Average)
17. Why are wildlife sanctuaries created in India? (Difficult)
18. Which was the first national park established in India? (Easy)
19. Why are biosphere reserves created in India? (Difficult)

III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.

20. Which are the plants found in the alpine forests of the Himalayas? (April-2018)
(Easy)
21. Explain the distribution of mangrove forests in India. (Average) (Mar-2-2021)
22. State the characteristics of deciduous forests in India. (Average) (A-2017)

IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

23. How are evergreen forests different from deciduous forests? (Difficult) (A-2016)
24. In recent years, forest areas have been decreasing. Why? / What are the causes of
deforestation? (Difficult) (Sep-2020)
25. Which are the types of forests found in India? (Average) (Jun-2016)
26. Mention the difference between tropical grassland forests and desert forests.
(Average) (A-2015, P1-2024)
27. Name the important wildlife sanctuaries of India. (Easy)
28. Which are the important national parks of India. (Easy)
V. Answer the following questions in eight sentences each.
29. Forests are a very useful resource for us and the environment. Justify. / What is the
importance of forests. (Difficult) (P1-2025)
30. How can we protect forests? / What are the methods of conservation of forests?
(Average) (Jun-2015, Jun-2017, Mar-2019, Mar-2020, Jun-2023, Mar2-2024, Mar3-
2024)
Chapter – 5
Water Resources of India
Learning Outcomes:
• Understand the importance of irrigation
• Understand the types of irrigation.
• Understand the objectives of multi-purpose river valley projects.
• Understand the major hydroelectric power projects of India.
• Understand the importance of the national electricity grid
• Understand the importance of rain water harvesting
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1) The country with the largest irrigated area in the world (Average)
A) Russia B) China C) India D) America
2) The state with the largest tank irrigation in India (Average)
A) Tamil Nadu B) Karnataka C) Bihar D) Andhra Pradesh
3) India's first multipurpose river valley project (Easy)
A) Bhakra Nangal B) Damodar C) Kosi D) Hirakud
4) Dam built across the river Mahanadi (Easy)
A) Hirakud B) Bhakra Nangal C) Tehri D) Nagarjuna Sagar
5) The river which is known as the " Tears of Bihar" (Easy)
 A) Sutlej River B) Kosi River C) Krishna River D) Mahanadi
6) Nagarjuna Sagar Dam has been built across this river. (Easy)
A) Damodar River B) Krishna River
C) Kosi River D) Tungabhadra River
7. Significance of Damodar River Valley Project (Average) (A-2019)
A) Damodar River is no longer the saddest river of Bengal
B) Landslides have increased
C) Strong earthquakes have occurred
D) Major industrial areas have been submerged.
8. Major multipurpose river valley project in Odisha (Average) (June-2021)
A) Hirakud B) Bhakra Nangal C) Pampa Sagar D) Nagarjuna Sagar
9. Multipurpose river valley project built across Sutlej River (Average) (Jun-2023)
A) Bhakra Nangal B) Hirakud C) Pampa Sagar D) Nagarjuna Sagar
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
10. What is irrigation? (Easy)
11. Which is the tallest dam in India? (Easy)
12. Which is the joint project between India and Nepal? (Average)
13. What is rain water harvesting? (Average) (Mar-2024)
14. What is groundwater recharging? (Average)
15) Why is the Damodar River called the tears of Bengal. (Difficult)
III. Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each.
16) Which are the types of irrigation? (Easy)
17) Why is flood irrigation the most important irrigation system? (Difficult)
18) What are the differences between permanent canals and flood canals? (Average)
19) Explain the national electricity grid. (Average) (April-2018)
20) Why is rain water harvesting mandatory? (Difficult)
21) What are the methods of rain water harvesting? (Average)
IV. Answer the following question in six sentences each.
22) Why is irrigation necessary in India? (Difficult) (March-2019)
V. Answer the following question in 8 sentences (4 marks question)
23) What are the objectives of multi-purpose river projects? (Average)
VI. Draw an outline map of India and mark the following places. (Average)
a) Bhakra Nangal (June-2021)
b) Kosi (A- 2016,2017)
 c) Narmada (A-2016, June-2020)
d) Hirakud (W-2 2024, W-3 2024)
e) Damodar (June-2015,2023)
f) Upper Krishna
g) Tungabhadra (Ma- 2021A 2022)
h) Nagarjuna Sagar (A 2015, 2018)

Chapter 6
Land Use and Agriculture in India
Learning Outcomes:
• Understand the factors influencing land use
• Understand the types of land use.
• Understand the importance of agriculture.
• Understand the types of agriculture.
• Understand the factors determining the pattern of crops
• Understand the types of horticulture and floriculture.

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. The permanent settlement of people in any area and farming is called (Average)
A) Intensive farming B) Fixed farming
C) Commercial farming D) Shifting farming
2. The state that grows the most rice in India (Easy)
A) Bihar B) Uttar Pradesh C) West Bengal D) Karnataka
3. The state which is known as the granary of wheat (Easy)
A) Punjab B) Gujarat C) Tamil Nadu D) Madhya Pradesh
4. The position of India in tea production (Average)
A) 1st position B) 2nd position C) 5th position D) 8th position
5. The method of farming in which crops are grown for commercial purposes (Average)
(Sep-2021)
A) Subsistence farming B) Commercial farming
C) Shifting farming D) Fixed farming
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
6. What is land use? (Easy)
7. What is meant by Golden Revolution? (Average)
8. What is commercial farming? (Easy)
10 What is floriculture? (Easy)
11. What is India's rank in the world in terms of cultivated area? (Easy)
12. What is Rabi farming? (Easy)
13. What is intensive farming? (Average) (Mar- 2019,2024)
14. What is subsistence farming? (Average)
(Jun- 2016)
15. What is mixed farming? (Average) (Jun-2015)
III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
16. Which are the cropping seasons in India? (Easy)
17 How is rice farming different from wheat farming? (Average)
18 What are the factors that are conducive to growing cotton? (Average)
19. Horticulture is making immense progress in India. Explain. (Average)
20. How has floriculture helped the development of Indian farmers? (Average)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
21. Land use is influenced by many factors. Justify. (Difficult)
22. Which are the types of land use in India? (Easy)
23. Which are the major types of agriculture found in India? (Easy)
V. Answer the following questions in eight sentences each.
24. State the importance of agriculture. (Average)
25. What are the factors that determine cropping pattern in India? (Average)

Chapter 7
Mineral and Energy Resources of India
Learning Outcomes
• Know the introduction of minerals available in India and their importance
• Know the distribution and production of major minerals in India
• Know the need for non-conventional energy sources solar energy, wind energy
• Know the reasons for the shortage of energy resources
• Know the conservation of energy resources and solutions
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. India's largest oil deposit (Easy)
A) Digbai B) Ankleshwar C) Bombay High D) Nahar Katia
2. This is called ‘liquid gold'? (Easy)
A) Coal B) Abrasive C) Petroleum D) Nuclear power
3. Petroleum is called liquid gold because (Average) (June 2015, 2017, 2019)
A) It is a multipurpose energy resource B) It is highly exported
C) It is used in both war and peace time. D)It is a resource with high hardness
4. A good example of conventional energy resources among these (Easy)
A). Petroleum B). Solar energy C). Geothermal energy D). Wind energy
5. The metal known as ‘Kage Bangara’in Kannada (Easy)
A). Mica B). Bauxite C). Gold D). Manganese
6. It is the lightest metal among the atomic minerals (Easy)
A). Uranium B). Beryllium C). Lithium D). Thorium
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
7. What is a mineral? (Easy)
8. Which metal is called the wonder metal of the 20th century? (April-2015) (Easy)
9. Why is aluminum called the wonder metal of the 20th century? (Difficult)
10. Which metal is used as a medium for international value determination? (Average)
11. Which mine produces the highest amount of gold in India? (Easy)
12. Where was petroleum discovered for the first time in India? (Easy)
13. What is global warming? (Easy)
14. What is solar energy? (Easy)
15. Where was the first solar power generation station set up in India? (Easy)
III. Answer the following questions in two sentences each.
16. Mention the uses of coal. (Average)
17.Explain the importance of non-conventional energy resources. / It is necessary to
reduce the use of conventional energy sources today. Why? (Difficult) (April-2016)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
18. Which are the types of manganese ore? (Easy)
19. What are the uses of manganese ore? (Average)
20. Mention the uses of Manganese. (Average)
21. Why is petroleum called ‘liquid gold’? (Difficult) (June-2017, 2015)
22. Give your own suggestions to overcome the scarcity of resources (Average) (April-
2018)
Chapter-8
Transport and Connectivity in India
Learning Outcomes
• Will understand the importance of transport in India
• Will understand the types of road transport-major national highways
• Will understand the problems of road transport
• Will understand rail transport, air transport and water transport
• Will understand mass media
• Will understand the types of connectivity, the importance of connectivity

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose
one appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its
alphabetical order.
1. The port which is known as the 'Gateway of India' (July-2021) (Easy)
A) Kolkata B) New Mangalore C) Goa D) Mumbai
2. The 'Tea Port of India' (June 2024) (Easy)
A) Mumbai B) New Mangalore C) Goa D) Kolkata
3. The longest national highway in India (Easy)
A) National Highway 44 B) National Highway 7
C) National Highway 47 D) National Highway 54
4. The year in which the Airports Authority of India was established (Easy)
A) 1988 B) 1947 C) 1995 D) 1965
5. Natural port of India (Easy)
A) Chennai B) Mumbai C) Marma Gao D) Visakhapatnam
6. The system which is known as the route finder or path finder (Easy)
A) GPS B) GIS C) GST D) RST
7. The regional and independent GPS system of India (Average)
A) Map in Jo B) Swadeshi C) Navik D) Aiyappal
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
8. What is transport? (Easy)
9. Where did the Border Roads Authority of India build the world's highest road? (Easy)
10. In which year did the Government of India establish the NHAI for the construction
and maintenance of national highways? (Easy)
11. What is remote sensing technology? (Easy)
12. Which are the types of transport? (Easy)
13. What is mass media? (Easy)
III. Answer the following questions in two sentences each.
14. Name the types of transport? (Easy)
15. What are the four main types of roads in India? (Easy)
16. Explain the importance of rail transport. (Average)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
17. What are the benefits of transport? / Explain the importance of transport in the
development of a country / Transport leads to rapid economic development. How?
(Average) (April-2018, June-2022)
18. What are the problems of road transport in India? (Average) (June-2018, 2018)
19. List the ports of the east coast. (Easy)
20. List the ports of the west coast. (Easy)
21. Explain the importance of connectivity. (Average) (April-2016)
22. Explain the uses of GIS system. (Average)
23. What are the uses of GPS technology? (Average)
24. Explain the uses of remote sensing technology. (Average)
V. Answer the following questions in ten sentences each.
25. List the major airports of India. (Easy)
VI.
26. Draw an outline map of India and mark the following places. (Average)

a) Gateway of India
b) Tea port of India
c) New Mangalore
d) Visakhapatnam
e) Kandla
f) Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport
g) Kempegowda International Airport
h) Indira Gandhi International Airport
 Chapter-9
Major Industries of India
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the importance of Indian industries
• Introduce the major industrial regions of India
• Understand the factors influencing the positioning of industries
• Introduce various industries of India
• Provide information about knowledge-based industries
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. The first steel industry in India was established in (Easy)
A. Serampura - West Bengal B. Salem - Tamil Nadu
C. Bhadravathi - Karnataka C. Kulti - West Bengal
2. The place which is called Manchester of India (September 2021) (Easy)
A. Davangere B. Mumbai C. Coimbatore D. Salem
3. The Silicon Valley of India (June 2017, 2023) (Easy)
A. Bangalore B. Telangana C. Mysore D. Hyderabad
4. The ISRO was established in the year (Easy)
A.1961 B.1976 C. 1969 D.1950
5. This is the first country to land near the south pole of the moon (Average)
A. America B. China C. Japan D. India
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
6. What is industrial sector? (June 2015) (Easy)
7. Iron and steel industry is called basic industry. Why? (Difficult)
8. What is textile industry? (Easy)
9. Why is Mumbai in Maharashtra called Manchester of India? (Difficult) (June 2018)
10. Where was India's first paper industry established? (Easy)
11. What is knowledge-based industry? (Average)
12. Why did knowledge-based industry get its name? (Difficult)
13. Why did the Indian government establish software technology parks? (Difficult)
14. Why is Bangalore called the Silicon Valley of India? (Difficult)
15. Where is the head office of ISRO located? (Easy)
16. Who was the first chairman of ISRO? (Easy)
III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
17. Mention the major achievements of ISRO. (Average)
18. What are the raw materials used in the paper industry? (Easy)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
19. Industries play a very important role in human economic activities. How? (Difficult)
(March 2020)
20. Explain the distribution of cotton textile industry. (Average)
21. Biotechnology started a great revolution in the field of agriculture. Justify. (Difficult)
V. Answer the following questions in eight to ten sentences each.
22. Industries in India are located only in a few areas. Why? (Difficult)
23. Name the major iron and steel industries in India. (Easy) (June 2015, April 2016,
June 2016, 2017, 2022, April 2022, 2024)
24. Which are the major industrial sectors of India? (Easy) (April 2017, 2024)
25. What are the changes brought about by the use of high technology in India?
(Average)
VI. Draw an outline map of India and mark the following places. (Average)
26. A. Bangalore - June 2023, April 2017
B. Bhadravati - June 2023, April 2018
C. Mumbai - April 2022
D. Durgapur
E. Surat
F. Visakhapatnam - April 2023, 2025
G. Calcutta
Chapter-10
Natural Disasters
Learning Outcomes
• Understand the meaning of natural disasters.
• Understand natural disasters
• Introduce the causes, effects and precautionary measures of natural disasters
• Mark the areas affected by natural disasters in India on the map of India
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. Recently, cyclones have also occurred in the Arabian Sea because (Average)
 A. Dams B. Change in the character of rivers
C. Mining D. Global warming
2. Precautionary measure for floods (Average) (September 2021)
A. Use of good quality building materials B. Ban on high-rise buildings
C. Restriction of excessive groundwater mining D. Afforestation
3. Walls should be built on both sides of the river because, (Average)
A. To prevent erosion B. To control floods
C. To prevent earthquakes D. To prevent landslides
4. Type of forest grown to control erosion (Average) (September 2021)
A. Monsoon type forest B. Evergreen Forest
C. Alpine Forest of Himalayas D. Mangrove Forest
5. The state where coastal erosion is most common (Average) (April 2016)
A. Tamil Nadu B. Andhra Pradesh
C. Kerala D. Odisha
6. Forests should be grown in watershed areas because (Average)
A. To control floods B. To control cyclones
C. To avoid landslides D. To avoid earthquakes
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
7. What is the main reason for the occurrence of cyclones? (Average)
8. In which year did Cyclone Nilofar occur? (Average)
9. What are floods? (Easy)
10. How do dams cause floods? (Average)
11. Landslides are common in mining areas. Why? (Difficult) (April 2016)
12. What is a landslide? (Easy)
13. What is coastal erosion? (Average)
14. What is an earthquake? (Average)
15. What are natural disasters? (Average)
16. Coastal erosion is more common in the western coast. Why? (Difficult) (April 2017)
17. Why should we grow mangrove forests along the coast? (Difficult) (April 2017,
2018)
18. Which states of India are most affected by cyclones? (Average) (April 2018)
III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
19. Give any two examples for cyclones that had occurred in India. (Easy)
20. Write any four flood control measures. (Average)
21. What are the effects of landslides? (Average)
22. What are the effects of coastal erosion? (Average)
23. What are the measures to manage coastal erosion? (Average) (June 2017)
24. List the causes of earthquakes. (Average) (2024)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
25. Write the effects of cyclones. (Average) (April 2022, 2024)
26. What are the measures that can be taken to combat cyclones? (Average) (April 2024)
27.What are the causes of floods? (Average) (June 2016, 2019)
28.What are the causes of landslides? (Average) (June 2015)
29. Write the effects of earthquakes. (April 2024) (Easy)
30.List the precautionary measures for earthquakes. (Average) (April 2023)
31. Write the effects of floods. (April, June 2022) (Easy)
32. Explain that human activities are the cause of floods and landslides. (Average)
(September 2020)
V. Answer the following questions in eight to ten sentences each.
33.Which are natural disasters? (Average) (April 2015)
34.What are the measures to be taken during natural disasters? (Average)
VI. Draw an outline map of India and mark the following places. (Average)
35. A. Koyna (April 2023)
B. Latur
C. Vishakhapatnam
D. Kochi

SOCIOLOGY
Chapter 1
Social Stratification
Studies
• Understand social stratification
• Understand differences among people
• Understand social inequality
• Understand prejudice
• Understand that untouchability is a social evil
• Understand measures to eliminate untouchability
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. The article of the Constitution which prohibits the practice of untouchability (Average)
(June 2015, September 2021)
A) Article 24 B) Article 42 C) Article 17 D) Article 30
2. Who said that 'Truly, the whole mankind is one' (ಮಾನವ ಕುಲ ತಾನ ೊಂದು ವಲೊಂ) (Easy) (A

2015, A 2017, A 2023)

A) Pampa B) Janna C) Ranna D) Ambedkar
3. Untouchability a stigma on the Hindu society said by (Easy)
(RA Po 2016, June 2023)
A) Ambedkar B) Jyotibha Phule C) Mahatma Gandhiji D) Vivekananda
4. This act made the practice of untouchability a punishable offence (Average)
A) 1989 B) 1976 C) 1955 D) 1950
5. The year in which the Protection of Civil Rights Act came into force (Average)
A) 1976 B) 1955 C) 1989 D) 1996
6. The Untouchability Offences Act was renamed in 1976 with necessary changes as
(Average) (Jun 2021)
A) Consumer Rights Protection Act B) Protection of Untouchability Rights
C) Protection of Criminal Rights Act D) Protection of Civil Rights
7. The significance of Article 17 of the Constitution of India (Average) (April 2023, P
2024)
A) Prohibition of child labour B) Elimination of illiteracy
C) Elimination of untouchability D) Prohibition of dowry

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

8. What is social stratification? (Easy) (March 1, March 2, June 2016, P 2024)
9. What is prejudice? (Easy) (April 2023, March 2024)
10. Which legislation has given special responsibility for the eradication of untouchability
to the state governments? (Average)
III. Answer the following questions in two sentences each.
11. What are the reasons for negative prejudice? / What are the negative feelings caused
by discriminatory prejudice? (Average)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
12.Social stratification differs from time to time and from country to country. Discuss.
(Difficult) (April 2023)
13. What are the constitutional and legislative measures to eradicate untouchability? /
Mention the steps taken by the government to prevent social stratification. (Easy) (April
2015, April 2016 April 2017 June 2017 BC 2018 April 2018 June 2018 April 2019 June
2019 Mar-1 2021 Sep-2020 Model 2022 BC 2022 April 2022 June 2022 Model 2023 BC
2024 P-3 2024)
14. Discuss whether untouchability is a social evil. (Difficult)
15. What are your suggestions to eradicate the social evil of untouchability? (Difficult)

Chapter-2
Labour and Economic Life
Learning Outcomes
• Understand the division of labour and classes
• Understand special skills
• Understand the difference between waged and unwaged labour
• Understand the difference in work
• Understand the causes, effects and solutions of unemployment
• Understand the difference between organized and unorganized workers
• Understand the challenges of unorganized workers
I. Four alternative answers are given to the following questions or incomplete
statements. Write the correct answer in alphabetical order:
1) The year in which the Government of India enacted the Equal Pay Act (Easy) (June
2018)
A) 1955 B) 1993 C)1975 D)1976
2) An example for organized workers (Easy)
A) Vegetable sellers B) Daily wage labour
C) Domestic workers D) Teachers
3) An example for Unorganized sector workers (Easy) (April 2020)
A) Doctors B) Agricultural workers C) Insurance company workers D) Soldiers
4. Reason for class system in modern times (Difficult)
 A) Industrialization B) Colonialism C) Imperialism D) Globalization
5. Best example of unwaged labour (Easy) (Model 2023)
A) Serf B) Bonded labour C) Driver D) Gardener
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence:
6. What is labour? (Easy)
7. What is division of labour? (Easy) (April 2024)
8. Why was the Equal wages Act, 1976 enacted? (Difficult)
9. What is specialized expertise? (Average)
10. What is waged labour? (Easy)
11. What is unwaged labour? (Easy)
12. What is unemployment? (Easy) (Mar 1 2021)
III. Answer the following questions in two sentences each.
13. Differentiate between waged and unwaged labour. (Average) (April 2024)

IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

14. What are the causes of unemployment? (Average)
15. How is unemployment a serious social problem? / How has unemployment had a bad
impact on society? (Difficult) (June 2018)
16. What are the government measures to eliminate unemployment? (Average) (April
2016 BC 2017 June 2017 April 2017 BC 2018 April 2018 Ma-1 2021 Model 2023 June
2023 BC 2024 P-2 2024 P-3 2024)
17.Explain the difference between organized and unorganized workers. / How are
organized workers different from unorganized workers? (Average) (April 2015, June
2015, June 2020, March-2 2020, BC 2022)
18. What are the challenges faced by unorganized workers? (Average) (June 2016 Mar-
2019, June 2019 Apr 2022 June 2022 Apr 2023)
19. Explain the nature of organized sector employment. (Average) (April 2023)
20. Explain the nature of discrimination in employment. (Average) (March 2019)
.
Chapter-3
Collective Behaviour and Protests
Studies
• List the various forms of collective behaviour.
• Crowd - Explain its meaning, nature, impact.
 • Riot - Explain its meaning, nature, impact.
• Understand women's movements.
• Understand farmers' movements, labour and anti-untouchability movements.
I. Four options are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1) Silent Valley Movement launched in (Easy) (June-2023)
a) Tamil Nadu b) Karnataka c) Kerala d) Maharashtra
2) This Environmental movement held in Salyani village of Uttara Kannada district of
Karnataka (Easy)
A) Chipko B) Appiko
C) Silent Valley Movement D) Kaiga Anti-Nuclear Plant Movement
3) Narmada Bachao Movement was led by (Easy) (September-20, June-24)
A) Medha Patkar B) Shivaram Karanth
C) Kerala Sahitya Parishad D) Dr. B R Ambedkar
4) Environmental Movement Opposed by Dr. Shivaram Karanth (Average)
A) Silent Valley Movement B) Kaiga Anti-Nuclear Plant Movement
C) Chipko Movement D) Appiko Movement
5. The founder of Karnataka State Farmers' Association (Easy)
A) Prof. M. D. Nanjundaswamy B) Shivaram Karanth
C) D. Devaraj Urs D) Baba Amte
II. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence each.
1. What is collective behavior? (Easy)
2. What is a mob? (Easy) (June-22)
3. What is a riot? (Easy)
4. What is labour movement? (Easy)
5. Who led the Appiko movement? (Easy)
III. Answer each of the following questions in two to four sentences each.
1. What are the causes of riots? (Average)
2. How can riots be controlled? (Average) (April-2024)
3. What was the reason for the Chipko movement? (Average)
4. Describe the Appiko movement in Karnataka. (Average)
5. Describe the Narmada Bachao movement. (Average)
6. Describe the Silent Valley movement. (Average)
7. Describe the anti - Kaiga nuclear power plant movement. (Average)
IV. Answer each of the following questions in six sentences each.
1. Describe the nature of a mob. (Average)
2. State the nature/characteristics of a riot. (Average) (April-2023)
3. Name the major environmental movements. (Easy) (September-2022)

Chapter 4
Social Challenges
Studies
• List social challenges
• Child labour problem - causes, effects, elimination of problems
• Understand constitutional measures.
• Understand the causes, effects, control measures for child marriage.
• Dowry - nature, effects, remedial measures
• Understand the meaning of female foeticide, female infanticide and control
measures
I. Four options are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1) The Child helpline number (Easy) (September-20, April-24)
a) 1081 b) 1098 c) 1033 d) 108
2) As per Article 24 of the Constitution (Average)
a) Child marriage is a punishable offence.
B) Untouchability is a punishable offence
C) Dowry is a punishable offence
D) Child labour below the age of 14 is a punishable offence
3) The Dowry Prohibition Act was enacted by the Government of India in (Easy)
A) 1960 B) 1984 C) 1961 D) 1985
4) The Prenatal Sex Testing Prohibition Act was enacted in (Easy)
A) 1994 B) 1985 C) 2006 D) 2019
5) The Act that provided the right to compulsory and free education for children aged 6 to
14 years (Average) (August-24)
A) Right to Education Act-2009
B) Right to Universal Education Act-2020
 C) Right to Secondary Education Act-2021
D) National Education Policy -2018
6. The year in which the Child Labour Prohibition and Control Act was implemented
(Easy) (April-23)
A) 1988 B) 1994 C) 1986 D) 2006
7. The program to enroll child labourers in schools through Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in
Karnataka, (Average) (June-23)
(A) Ba barbi shiksha (B) From Drudgery to school (C) Kali-nail (D) Nali-kali
II. Write an answer to each of the following questions in one sentence each.
1. What is child labour? (Easy)
2. What is child marriage? (Easy)
3. What is female foeticide? (Easy) (June-20, June-21, June-23, April-25)
4. What is female infanticide? (Easy)
5. Why was the Prenatal Sex Testing (Prohibition) Act (1994) implemented? (Difficult)
6. When was the Child Marriage Prohibition Act implemented? (Easy)
7. Which law was enacted to prevent sexual abuse of children? (Easy)
8. When did the POCSO Act come into force? (Average)
III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
1. What are the causes of the child labour problem? (Average)
2. What are the consequences of the child labour problem? (Average) (April-25)
3. What are the causes of female foeticide? (Average)
IV. Answer of the following questions in six sentences each.
1. What are the measures to eliminate child labour? (Average)
2. What are the causes of child marriage? (Average)
3. What are the ill effects of child marriage? (Average) (June-24)
4. How can child marriage be prevented? (Difficult) (April-25)
5. What are the measures to control child marriage? (Average)
6. What are the ill effects of dowry? (Average)
4. What are the solutions to the dowry problem? (Average) (August-24)
 ECONOMICS
Chapter 1
Economy and Government
Learning Outcomes
• Analyze the relationship between economy and government.
• Understand the importance of planning in India.
• Analyze the five-year plans and achievements in India.
• Understand the Green Revolution and Perpetual Revolution.

I. Four options are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. Father of Green Revolution in India (Easy) (June-2016, R.P.-23, Exam 1, 2,3-24)
a) Dr. Norman Borlaug b) Verghese Kurien
c) Dr. M. S. Swaminathan d) Sir. M. Visvesvaraya
2. While the NITI Aayog is headed by the Prime Minister, its day-to-day administration is
handled by (Average) (April-23)
a) President b) Secretaries
c) Deputy Prime Minister d) Vice-Chairmen
3. In the Eleventh Five Year Plan priority was given to (Average)
a) Agriculture b) Inclusive growth c) Education d) Industry

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

4. What is economic stability? (Easy)
5. What is social justice? (Easy)
6. What is economic planning? (Easy)
7. Why is Sir M Visvesvaraya called the ‘Father of Indian Economic Planning’?
(Average) (June18)
8. What is Green Revolution? (Easy)
9. What is ‘Post-harvest Technology’? (Average) (June-17, 2017)
10. What is ‘Second Green Revolution’ or ‘Perpetual Green Revolution’? (Average)
11. Which body approves the Five-Year Plans? (Average) (June-16)
III. Write the answers to the following questions in four sentences each.
12. Write the objectives of the Five-Year Plans. (Average)(June-2018, 2023, Exam-3-
2024, 2018)
13. What are the objectives of NITI Aayog? (Average)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
14. List the achievements of the Five-Year Plans. (Easy) (April 2024)
15. What were the factors that inspired the Green Revolution? (Average) (April-2023,
Exam-1-2024, Model-2023, 2024)

Chapter: 2
Rural Development
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the meaning and importance of rural development
• Explain the meaning and importance of decentralization
• Explain the importance of Panchayat Raj system in rural development
• Explain the role of women in rural development
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order.
1. The contribution of the primary sector to the national income (Average)
A. Increasing B. Decreasing C. Equal D. Increasingly decreasing
2. The real development of India is the development of villages said by (Easy) (April
2015, April 2017, April 2018, September 21, March 2021, July 2022)
A. Gandhiji B. Visvesvaraya C. Nehru D. Ambedkar
3. The Panchayat Raj system has been implemented through this amendment (Average)
(September 2021, April 2019 Model 2019, 2021, April 2019)
A.42nd B. 46th C. 73rd D. 74th
4. The system brought in to practice as per the 73rd amendment (Average) (April 2022)
A. Two tier system B. Three tier system C. Single tier system D. Four tier system
5. Panchayat institutions function under the principles of (Easy)
A. Socialist B. Democracy C. Autocratic D. Monarchy
6. This scheme is cooperative to develop the basic amenities of villages (Average)
(Model 2024)
 A. NREGA. B. Swarna Jayanti Gram Swa Udyog Yojana.
C. Suvarna Gramodaya Yojana. D. Indira Awas Yojana
7. The scheme to organize the rural poor women and make them economically self-reliant
(Average)
A. Stree Shakti B. Sukanya Samriddhi
C. Stree Samriddhi D. Stree Abyudaya
8. The idea of Gram Swaraj is given by (Easy) (July 2021)
A. Jawahar Lal Nehru B. Bala Gangadhar Tilak
C.Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel D. Mahatma Gandhiji

II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Explain the meaning of rural development. (Average) (Model 3-2025)
2. What is value addition? (Average)
3. What is meant by Gram Swaraj? (Easy) (July 2021)
4. Which is the highest institution in the Panchayat Raj system? (Easy)
5. Name a government scheme that provides employment. (Easy)
6. What is decentralization of power? (Easy) (Exam 2- 2024, Rapoo-2022, Model 2022)

III. Answer the following questions in five or six sentences each.

1. Describe the economic conditions of rural areas. (Average)
2. Explain the importance of rural development (Average) (April 2015 April 2016 April
2018, Exam-3 (20124, Rapoo2016, 2017 ,2018. Model 1- 2021)
3. Explain the importance of Gram Panchayat in rural development. (Average) (June
2017, 2018, 2023. Exam 2- 2024, Rapu 2022, 2023,2024. Model 1,2-2020)
4. Explain the role of self-help groups in women empowerment (Average) (June 2020
April 2023 Model 2- 2021)
5. Explain the achievements of the central and state governments in the Panchayat Raj
system. (Difficult)
6. Mention the facilities provided by the Gram Panchayat. (Easy)
7. Why is decentralization of power essential in a democratic system? (Difficult) (April
2017 Model 2021,2023.)
 Chapter 3
Public Finance and Budget
Learning Outcomes
 Explain the meaning and importance of public finance
 Explain the concept and importance of budget
 Identify expenditure and revenue
 Understand the relevance of deficit finance

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose
one appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its
alphabetical order

1. The financial year in India ends on (Easy) (June 2017, Exam2- 2024, Report 2018)
A. April 1. B. January 1. C. March 31. D. December 31
2. The central budget is presented in the Lok Sabha by the (Easy) (April 2018, April
2016)
A. Chief Minister B. Prime Minister
C. State Finance Minister D. Union Finance Minister
3. Developing Countries usually present (Average) (June 2023)
A. Surplus Budget B. Balanced Budget C. Deficit Budget D. Developmental
Budget
4. This is an example for direct tax (Average) (Model 1- 2025)
A. Import export tax B. Goods and services tax
C.Corporate Tax D. Foreign Travel Tax
5. It is mandatory to get the budget approval before this date (Average) (Model 4- 2025)
A. April 1 B. January C. March 31 D. December 31
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. What is personal finance? (Average)
2. What is the financial management of the government called? (Average)
3. What is budget? (Average) (June 2015, June 2018)
4. What is deficit budget? (Average) (June 2023)
5. Why does a country like India present a deficit budget? (Difficult)
6. Give two examples of social services. (Easy)
7. Give an example of non-plan expenditure. (Average)
8. What is monetary policy? (Average) (Exam 1- 2024)
 9. What is direct tax? (Easy)
III. Answer the following questions in two sentences each.
1. What are the types of budgets? (Easy)
2. What is plan expenditure? (Average)
3. What are economic services? (Average)
4. Give two examples for tax revenue. (Easy)
5. Mention the major direct taxes. (Average) (Rapu 2023)?
6. What is meant by progressive tax policy? (Average)

IV Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

1. Explain the difference between public finance and personal finance. (Difficult)
(June 2015, Exam 2-2024, Rapu 2017)
2. What are the sources of non-tax revenue? (Average) (April 2015, April 2023,
June 2016 June 2019, Rapu 2019 2023 2024)
3. Explain the differences between direct and indirect taxes. (Difficult)
4. Explain the importance of public finance. (Average) (June 2017 June 2023, Exam
1-2024, Exam 3-2024, Rapu 2016)
5. List the project expenses. (Average)

BUSINESS STUDIES
Chapter- 1
Banking
Learning Outcomes:
• Understand the role of banks and post offices in financial transactions.
• Understand the characteristics of banks, the advantages of bank accounts, and the
services provided by banks.
• List the different accounts that can be opened in banks.
• Understand the procedure for opening accounts in banks.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose
one appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its
alphabetical order

1. 1. The word 'bank' is derived from this Italian word (Easy)

a) Banker b) Banque c) Banco d) Bench
 1. 2. This is called the central bank of our country (Easy)
a) Reserve Bank of India b) Syndicate Banks
c) State Bank of India d) Commercial Banks
3. Senior citizens and pensioners with a fixed income usually open this account
(Average)
A) Savings account B) Current account
C) Recurring deposit account D) Fixed deposit account
4. An account that can be opened for future needs such as children's marriage, purchase of
valuables, land, car, etc. (Average) (June-2024)
A) Fixed deposit account B) Recurring deposit account
C) Current account D) Savings account
1. 5. This department issues National Savings Certificates (Easy) (June-2023)
A) Postal Department B) Agriculture Department
C) Bank D) Savings Department
6. The bank account that allows depositing and withdrawing money as many times as
necessary in a day (Average) (June-2022)
A) Current account B) Savings account
C) Recurring deposit account D) Fixed deposit account
7. The bank does not pay interest on deposits in this type of bank account and charges a
service fee for its services (Average) (April-2023)
A) Current account B) Fixed deposit account
C) Recurring deposit account D) Savings account

II Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

1. Who controls the activities of banks in India? (Easy)
2. What is the service that people get from banks to protect their jewelry and valuables?
(Average) (June-2023)
3. Expand ATM. (Easy)
4. From which French word the word bank has derived? (Easy)
5. Which bank is called the bank of banks? (Easy)
III Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
1. What are the characteristics of banks? (Easy)
2. State the types of banks. (Easy)
3. What are the functions of bank / services of banks / advantages of opening a bank
account? (June-2022, September-2022, April-2023, June-2024, August-2024, April-2025,
June-2025) (Easy)
4. What are the financial transactions of post offices? (Average) (June-2020, April-2024)
5. Explain the steps of opening a bank account. (Average) (September-2020,
September-2022, June-2023)
6. Which are the transactions carried out by banks? (Easy)
7. What are the differences between savings account and current account? (Average)
Chapter-2
Entrepreneurship

Learning Outcomes:
• Explain the characteristics of entrepreneurship.
• Explain the role and importance of entrepreneurship.
• List the opportunities for self-employment
• List the organizations that promote entrepreneurs.
• Describe the services of District Industrial Centers.
I. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. From which French word the word entrepreneur has originated? (Easy)
2. Who is an entrepreneur? (Easy)
3. What is meant by entrepreneurship? (Average)
4. What is the objective of establishing District Industrial Centre? (Average) (June-2024)
5. In which year was the District Industrial Center established? (Easy)

II Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

1. What are the characteristics of entrepreneurship/entrepreneur? (Easy) (September-
2022, April-202
2. State the functions of an entrepreneur / Entrepreneurship is a creative activity. How?
(Difficult) (June-2020, June-2023, June-2024, August-2024, April-2025)
3. What is the role of an entrepreneur in economic development? (Easy)
(September-2020, June-2022, June- 2025)
4. What are the opportunities for entrepreneurs to start their own business? (Average)
5. What are the institutions that provide loans for self-employment? (Easy)
6. Name the promoter institutions of entrepreneurs. (Easy)
7. What are the services of District Industrial Centers? (Average)

Chapter 3
Consumer Education and Protection
Learning Outcomes:
• List the rights of consumers.
• Explain consumer exploitation and awareness.
• Analyze the main points and importance of consumer protection laws.
• Understand the methods of filing a complaint in the consumer court.

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order:

1.World Consumer Day is observed on (Easy) (April-2024, June-2024)

a) September 15 b) January 15 c) December 15 d) March 15 2.
Complaints where the compensation amount is less than one crore should be filed with
(Easy) (August-2024, April-2023, April-2025)
a) District Commission b) National Commission
c) Taluk Commission d) State Commission 3. The so-
called king of the market (Easy)
a) Consumer b) Producer c) Supplier d) Distributor
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
4. What is teleshopping? (Easy) (April-2024)
5. What is the need for consumer protection? (Average)
6. Who is the Chairman of the National Consumer Protection Forum? (Easy)
7. Who appoints the Chairman of the District Consumer Commission? (Easy)
8. In which year did the Consumer Protection Act come into force? (Easy) (September-
2022)
III. Write an answer to the following questions in four sentences
9. What are the reasons for consumer exploitation? (Average)
10. State the main objectives of the Consumer Protection Act (Average) (August-2024,
June-2022, June-2023)
11. World Consumer Rights Day is celebrated every year on 15th March Why?
(Difficult) (June-2024, June- 2020, September-2020)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentence each.
12. How does the Consumer Protection Act protect consumer interests? (Difficult)
13. What is the information required in a complaint filed with the Consumer Court?
(Average)

POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chapter-1
Public Administration - An Introduction
Learning Outcomes:
• Understands the meaning of public administration.
• Understands the need for public administration and applies it in his life.
• Understands the scope of public administration.
• Understands the meaning of recruitment and differentiates the methods.
• Understands the structure of the State Public Service Commission and the Central
Public Service Commission and lists the functions.
• Lists the armed forces of the Union Home Ministry.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order:
1. Father of Public Administration (Easy) (March-2025)
a) Woodrow Wilson b) Pfeffer
c) Luther Gulick d) F. M. Marx
2. The following article of the Constitution talks about the State Public Service
Commission (Easy)
a) Article 356 b) Article 326 c) Article 315 d) Article 314
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
3. Who used the term Public Administration for the first time? (Easy)
4. Who appoints the members of the Central Public Service Commission? (Easy) (State-
2025)
5. Explain the meaning of Public Administration according to Woodrow Wilson.
(Average) (April-2025)
6. What is Appointment? (Easy)
III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.
7. “Public Administration functions from the birth to the death of a person”. Justify.
(Difficult)
8. How is direct appointment different from indirect appointment? (Difficult) (M-4-25)
9. Explain the functions of the Central Public Service Commission. (Average) (M-4-25)
10. List the armed forces of the Union Home Ministry to provide public security.
(Average) (March-2025)
11. What is the role of the state in maintaining law and order? Explain (Average) (M-3-
25)
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
12. Recently the importance of public administration is increasing. How? (Difficult)
13. Explain the scope of public administration according to Luther Gulick. (Difficult)

Chapter-2
Challenges of India and their Remedies
Learning outcomes:
• Understands the meaning of communalism and lists the measures to control it.
• Differentiates between the concepts of regionalism and sub-regionalism.
• Understands the steps taken to eliminate illiteracy.
• Gives suggestions for improving the status of women.
• Understands the concept of gender minorities and lists the initiatives taken to
eliminate discrimination against them.
• Explores ways to find solutions to the problems arising from population
explosion.
• Understands the ill effects of smuggling and suggests solutions.
• Identify the ill effects of profiteering in daily life.
• Recalls the steps taken by the government to eliminate corruption.

I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order:
1. The year in which the Right to Information Act was implemented (Easy)
a) 2010 b) 2008 c) 2018 d) 2005
2. The first woman judge of the Supreme Court of India (Easy)
a) Smt. Pratibhadevi Singh b) Fatima Beeby
 c) V. S. Ramadevi d) Sarojini Naidu
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
3. What is meant by sub-regionalism? (Average) (Easy) (2025 Paper-1)
4. What is smuggling? (Easy)
5. Who are the gender minorities? (Easy)
6. Which institution was established to prevent corruption? (Easy)
7. What is regionalism? (Easy)
8. What is communalism? (Easy)
9. What is corruption? (Easy)
10. What is poverty? (Easy)
11. What is profiteering? (Easy)

III. Answer the following questions in four sentences each.

12. What are the initiatives taken to eliminate discrimination against gender minorities?
(Average) (March- April 2025)
13. “Illegal trafficking is fatal to the development of the country”. - How? (Difficult)
14. List the programs implemented for poverty alleviation. (Easy)
15. “Many ill effects arise from profiteering.” – Justify. (Difficult)
16. What are the factors involved in the network of corruption? (Average)
17. State the ill effects caused by corruption. (Average)
(State 19-20)
18. Analyze the measures taken to control corruption (Difficult) (March 2020)
19. Explain the measures to eliminate economic inequality. (Average)
20. What are the problems caused by population explosion? (Easy)
21. State the measures to control profiteering. (Average)

IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

22. What are the measures taken to eliminate illiteracy? (Average) (March 2025)
23. Give your suggestions to control communalism. (Average) (June 19-20)
24. What are the ways to solve the problems arising from population explosion?
(Average)
25. What are your suggestions to control smuggling? (Average)
V. Answer the following questions in eight sentences each.
26. Recently the status of women in India is improving. Discuss. (Difficult) (SEFT-19-20
(2024 March, 2024 Exam-2)
Chapter -3
India's Foreign Policy and Global Challenges
Learning Outcomes:
• Students will understand the stages of development of India's foreign policy.
• Students will understand the fundamental principles of India's foreign policy.
• Students will recall the struggles for the protection of human rights globally.
• Students will explain the steps taken by India for the protection of human rights.
• Students will understand the consequences of arms race and suggest solutions to
it.
• Students will understand the consequences of terrorism and suggest solutions to it.
I Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order:
1. He is called the "Father of India's Foreign Policy". (Easy)
a) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar b) Jawaharlal Nehru
c) M.S. Swaminathan. D) Sir M. Visvesvaraya.
2. The United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights on (Easy)
(April 2016/April 2018/March 2020/2019/2021/2024)
A) 10 December 1950 B) 15 March 1948
C) 10 December 1948 D) 1945 December
3. The term “Third World” was used for the first time by (Easy)
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt B) Jawaharlal Nehru
C) Joseph Stalin D) Alfred Savage
4 India's policy of remaining neutral by not joining the blocks led by America and Russia
is called (Easy) (April 2022/P-12025)
A) Foreign policy B) Disarmament policy
C) Non-alignment policy D) Apartheid policy
5. The country which adopted the policy of non-alignment in its foreign policy (Easy)
(June 2022)
A) America B) Russia C) China D) India
6.World Human Rights Day is observed on (Easy) (June 2020/June 2023)
 A) December 10 B) March 15 C) June 6 D) July 11
7. The main objective of the French Revolution of 1789 (Average) (September 2020)
A) Establishment of the United Nations
B) Protection of human rights
C) Prevention of foreign aggression
D) Establishment of the League of Nations
8. India promotes disarmament. Because (Average) (March 2020)
A) India has nuclear weapons B) India has the largest military
C) India is a peace-loving country D) India is a developing country
9. In 1954, India signed the Panchsheela Principles with (Easy) (September 2021)
a) China b) Indonesia c) Pakistan d) Sri Lanka
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
10. Define foreign policy. (Average)
11. What is disarmament? (Easy) (April 2019/W1-2024/W2-2024)
12. What are human rights? (Easy)
13. What is terrorism? (Easy)

III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.

14. List the common determinants that determine India's foreign policy. (Easy)
15. Write the stages of development of India's foreign policy. (Average)
16. List the struggles that have taken place for the protection of human rights globally.
(Easy) (June 2019)
17. There are several global agreements for the achievement of disarmament, list them.
(Average)
18. What are the major problems faced after the Second World War? (Average) (June
2022)
19. What are the main characteristics of economically backward countries under colonial
rule? (Average) (June 2023)
20. Explain the consequences of terrorism. (Average) (April 2015/2017/June 2017/June
2018)

IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

21. What are the fundamental principles of India's foreign policy? (Easy)
22. What are the steps taken by India to protect human rights. (Average)
(Jun2016/A2018/A2022)
23. What are the consequences of the arms race in the context of “Arms race is the
beginning of the destruction of the world”? (Difficult) (Mar2020)
24. What steps has India taken to address the challenge of terrorism? (Difficult)
(A2023/P3-2024)

Chapter-4
Global Organizations
Learning Outcomes
• Explain the structure and functions of the United Nations affiliates.
• List the achievements of the United Nations
• Recall the achievements of the World Health Organization.
• Recall the services of the United Nations subsidiary organizations such as the
Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Labor Organization,
UNICEF, and UNESCO.
• Understand the role of the IMF, IBRD, and B.T.O. in the global economy and
trade.
• Understand the structure, functions, and importance of regional cooperation
organizations.
I. Four alternatives are given for each question or incomplete statement. Choose one
appropriate answer from them and write the complete answer with its alphabetical
order:
1.The United Nations was established in the year (Easy) (June 2017)
A) 1950 B) 1945 C) 1919 D) 1948
2. The term United Nations was coined by (Easy) (June 2016)
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt B) Winston Churchill
C) Joseph Stalin D) Alfred Savage
3. The headquarters of the United Nations is located in (Easy) (A2017/June
2018/September 2021)
A) The Hague B) Geneva C) Washington D) New York
4. This is a subsidiary body in the United Nations Organization (Easy)
A) General Assembly B) Secretariat
C) Security Council D) Advisory Committee
5. The headquarters of the International Court of Justice is located in (Easy) (A2015)
A) The Hague B) Geneva C) Washington D) New York
6. The World Health Organization was founded in the year (Easy)
A) 1945 B) 1948 C) 1950 D) 1965
7. The U N agency that won the Nobel Peace Prize for its work in 1965 (Average)
a) UNESCO b) World Health Organization
c) World Trade Organization d) UNICEF
8. The headquarters of “SAARC” is located in (Easy)
a) Delhi b) Geneva c) Kathmandu d) New York
9. The League of Nations, which was started to maintain world peace, failed due to
(Average) (A2017)
a) Establishment of the United Nations b) Starting of World War II
c) End of World War I d) Starting of Cold War
10. This subsidiary body of the United Nations is called the World Parliament (Easy)
(June 2016)
A) Secretariat B) Security Committee
C) General Assembly D) Committee on the Rights of the Child
11. The number of representatives from each member state of the United Nations should
send to the General Assembly (Easy) (September 2021)
A) 2 B) 3 C) 4 D) 5
12. The headquarters of the World Health Organization is located in (Easy) (W2-2024)
A) New York B) Paris C) Rome D) Geneva

II Answer the following questions in one sentence each.

13. Which was the last territory to became independent under the administration of the
Trusteeship Council? (Average)
14. Where is the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization located? (Easy)
(June 2019)
15. Which organization was established after World War II for the welfare of children?
(Easy) (June 2018)
16. Which organization is called the Central Bank of the World Nations? (Easy)
17. How many member Nations are there in the Commonwealth of Nations? (Easy)
18.When was “SAARC” organization established? (Easy)
19. Where is the headquarters of the European Union located? (Easy)
20.When was the African Union established? (Easy)
21. Why is the importance of the Trusteeship Council reduced? (Difficult) (June 2017)
22. How is UNICEF working for the welfare of the children? (Difficult) (June 2018)

III. Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each.

23.Name the major world leaders who played a major role in the establishment of the
United Nations? (Easy)
24. Who are the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council? (Easy)
(June 2015/W3- 2024)
25. What are the achievements of the World Health Organization? (Average)
26. What are the objectives of the Food and Agriculture Organization? (Average)
(September 2020/A2018)
27. Write the functions of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(Average) (IBRD).
28. Which are the affiliate institutions of the European Union? (Easy)
29. Explain the role of the IMF in solving the world's economic problems. (Average)
(April 2016/April 2023)

IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.

30. Which are the affiliate agencies of the United Nations? (Easy)
31. What are the objectives of the United Nations? (Average) (April 2019)
32. What are the functions of the Economic and Social Council? (Average)
33. What are the functions of UNESCO? (Average) (Jun 2023/P1-2025)

V. Answer the following questions in eight to ten sentences each.

34. Explain the composition and functions of the General Assembly. (Average)
35. Describe the composition and functions of the Security Council. (Average) (A
2019/P1-2024/Jul 2020/Sep 2020)
36. What are the achievements of the United Nations? (Difficult) (Jul 2019/P1-2025)
37. Explain the structure and objectives of the Commonwealth of Nations. (Average)
(P2-2024)
 HISTORY
Chapter 1
Arrival of Europeans in India
Model Answers
I.
1. b) Constantinople
2. a) Vasco da Gama
3. b) Francisco de Almeida
4. b) Aix-la-Chapelle
5. d) Farouk Siyar
II.
1. Robert Clive
2. The policy of strengthening naval power to monopolize the sea instead of dominating
the land is called the Blue Water Policy.
3. Ottoman Turks
4. Alfonso de Albuquerque
5. Treaty of Paris
6. Pondicherry
7. Kappad near Calicut
8. Wynad
III.
6.
• The Turks captured Constantinople.
• They began to impose taxes on trade.
• This made trade unprofitable for the merchants
• The encouragement given by the European kings to the sailors.
• Scientific inventions such as the compass, astrolabe, and gunpowder were among
the first.
7.
• Robert Clive introduced it in Bengal.
• The British had the right to collect land revenue.
 • The Nawab of Bengal performed administrative functions such as administration
and justice.
8.
• Ended with the ‘Treaty of Pondicherry’.
• The French recalled Dupleix.
• It gave the French a political setback.
• It gave the British prestige.
9.
• Irekoot defeated the French and captured Bussy.
• The French lost their footing in India.
• According to the Treaty of Paris, Pondicherry was returned to the French.
• The French were defeated in South India.
10.
• Mir Qasim made all trade in Bengal duty-free.
• As a result, British trade suffered a blow.
• They deposed Mir Qasim and made Mir Jafar the Nawab.
• Mir Qasim led an organized struggle against the British.
IV.
4.
• Shah Alam II granted the East India Company the `Dewani' right over Bengal.
• Shah Alam had to give up his right over Bengal after receiving an annual salary of
26 lakh rupees.
• The company had to pay 50 lakh rupees as war compensation.
• Mir Zafar's son was given a pension.
• The complete administration of Bengal came under the control of the company.
• Robert Clive introduced Dual Government.
5.
Causes of the Battle of Plassey
• Misuse of tax money by British employees
• Repairing of the fort without permission
• The Black Room Tragedy
Consequences of the Battle of Plassey
• Mir Jafar became the Nawab of Bengal.
• The Company received unrestricted rights to trade in the Bengal province.
 • Mir Jafar paid the Company Rs. 17 crore 70 lakhs.
• It showed the disunity, disorganization and greed of the merchant class among the
Indians.
6.
• He ruled the Wayanad princely state until 1758.
• He protected his princely state from the Dutch.
• He shifted the capital to Thiruvananthapuram.
• He stopped the Dutch from gaining control over the black pepper trade.
• He defeated the Dutch force when the Dutch attacked Travancore.
• He captured the trading posts of Nedumangad and Kottarakkara.
• In 1741, the Dutch declared war on Thiruvananthapuram.
• Marthanda Varma repelled them.
• According to the treaty of 1753, the Dutch surrendered the full power.

Chapter 2
Expansion of British Rule
Model Answers
1. B) Salbai
2. B) Lord Wellesley
3. A) Hyderabad
4. D) Pratap Singh
5. A) Dalhousie
6. A) Dalhousie
7. A) Bassien
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
 The Subsidiary Alliance was a military treaty between the East India Company
and the Indian states.
Wellesley's battle-thirstiness led to criticism of the company's debt burden and
led to his resignation.
• The Peshwa attacked the Poona Residency.
• Death of Ranjit Singh.
• Madhavrao
III.
1.
• Wars
 • Subsidiary Alliance
2.
• The Mughal Emperor gave the Kora & Allahabad to the Marathas, which he had
earlier given to the British.
• Enmity arose between the Marathas & the British.
• Dispute arose over the position of the Peshwa.
3.
• The Maratha families made efforts to maintain their dignity and independence.
• The Peshwa wanted to free himself from the control of the British.
• The Peshwa attacked the British Residency in Poona.
4.
• The British abolished the title of Peshwa.
• British gave a pension to Bajirao.
• British installed Pratap Singh, a descendant of Shivaji, in Satara.
• Through this, he suppressed the resistance of the Marathas.
5.
• If any Indian king died childless, his adopted son had no right to succession.
• Such a state was included in the British Empire.
• Satara, Jaipur, Sambalpur, Udaipur, Jhansi, Nagpur came under the control of the
British.
IV.
1.
• The Indian king should keep a British military force in his state.
• The state concerned should bear the cost of the army's salary and maintenance.
• A British resident should be appointed in the court.
• No European could be appointed at the court without the permission of the British.
• The consent of the British was required for war or negotiations with any state.
• The company should provide internal and external defense to that state.
 Chapter 3
Effects of British Rule
Model Answers
1. Regulating Act of 1773
2. Cornwallis
3. Dalhousie
4. Separate representation for Muslims
5. It created a federal system.
6. Lord Cornwallis
7. Macaulay
8. Warren Hastings
9. Taluk
10. Allowed Indians to participate in the process law making
11. Civil courts of
12. Control over the East India Company
13. Subedar
14. Charles Metcalf
15. Government of India Act, 1935
16.
• Implemented by Alexander Reid and Thomas Munroe
• Promulgated in Madras and Mysore provinces
• There was a direct link between the government and the farmers
• Farmers became owners
• 50 percent share of revenue was fixed
• Farmers were trapped in debt
17)
• Concepts of modernity, secularism and democracy were introduced
• Nationalist views began to grow
• Encouragement of local languages and literature
• Unity in the thinking of the educated class began to grow
• Newspapers began to grow
• New social and religious reform movements emerged
• Innovation in the thinking of Indian educated people
• Awareness of Indian cultural traditions
18)
• A new landlord society was created to exploit the peasants
• The peasants were subjected to various kinds of hardships
• Land became an object of sale
• Many landlords also alienated land to pay revenue
• Agriculture became commercialized
• The money-grabbers became powerful
19)
• A bicameral legislature was formed at the Centre
• A dual system of government was introduced in the provinces
• A High Commissioner was appointed to India
• Development of local bodies was encouraged
• The budget of the provinces was separated from the central budget
• The system of separate electoral constituencies was extended to Sikhs, Anglo-
Indians and Europeans.
20)
• The Government of India Act of 1935 laid the foundation for the Constitution of
India
• An all-India Federation was formed
• A dual government was established at the centre
• Provinces were given autonomy
• Reserve Bank of India was established
• Federal Court was established in India
21)
• Warren Hastings created two types of courts
• Civil courts called Diwani Adalat
• Criminal courts called Nizamat Adalat
• Hindus were given justice according to Hindu scriptures
• Muslims were given justice according to the Periyat laws
• European district magistrates were given justice in civil courts
• Criminal courts were given justice by Khaji.
 Chapter - 4.
Resistances to in British rule Karnataka and the Wodiyars of Mysore
Model Answers
1) Basappa Shastri
2) Madras Treaty
3) Yadagiri
4) Nandagarh
5) Hyder Ali's defeat by the British
6) Chamarajendra Wodiyar X
7) Krishna Raj Wodiyar IV
8) Raja Wodiyar
9) Century of political problems
10) Due to suspicion that Sangolli Rayanna was leading an armed rebellion to help
Chennamma
11) Amarasulya Rebellion
12) Due to the law prohibiting the use of weapons and came into force
13) Raja Wodiyar
14)
• Made Srirangapatna as capital
• Expanded the kingdom
• Offered the Rajamudi crown to Melukote Cheluvanarayana Swamy
• Started the Navaratri festival in Mysore
15)
• Construction of new railway lines
• Mysore Civil Service Examination started
• Child Marriage Act was enacted in 1894
• Shimsha Hydroelectric Project started
• Irrigation, priority given to girls’ education
16)
• Tipu signed the Treaty of Srirangapatna with the British
• Tipu gave away half of his kingdom to the British
• Three crore rupees were given as war compensation
• He kept his two children as hostages
• Release of soldiers who were captured
 • British army withdrew from Srirangapatna

17)
• Free primary education
• High priority given to primary education
• Encouragement of girls' education
• Establishment of Mysore University
• Scholarship for students to study in abroad
• Establishment of Indian Institute of Science
• Development of irrigation
• Construction of new railway lines
• Establishment of small and large scale industries
• Formation of legislative assembly
18)
• Death of Mughal emperor Aurangzeb
• Mughals became weak
• Struggle for power in the Carnatic region
• Death of Chikkadevaraj Wodiyar in Mysore
• Hyder Ali rose to political prominence.
19)
• Sangolli Rayanna considered it his primary duty to fight for Kittur
• He fought against the British along with Chennamma
• He organized the soldiers
• He held secret meetings
• He looted the British offices and treasuries
• He followed the strategy of Guerilla method of war against the British
• The British encouraged the Desais to capture Rayanna
• Rayanna was arrested by the British
• He was hanged at Nandagarh
20)
• Amarasulya Rebellion was a peasant rebellion
• Aparampara, Kalyanaswamy, and Putta Basappa organized a rebellion against the
British
• Puttabasappa announced that taxes on tobacco and salt will be withdrawn
 • This gained the support of farmers and landlords
• He took over government offices
• He looted the jail and treasury
• He killed the Sulya Amaldar
• The British captured Puttabasappa and imprisoned him.
History: Chapter- 5
Model Answers
1. B. Prathana Samaj
2. C. To develop rationality among the people
3. C Jyotiba Phule
4. A. Ram Mohan Roy
5. C. Annie Besant
6. B. Atmaram Panduranga
7. A. Declared return to the Vedas
8. C. Narayana Guru - Revolt
II. Answer the following questions in one sentence each.
1. Indian Renaissance
2. 'Samvada Kaumudi'
3. Atmaram Panduranga
4. Jyotiba Phule
5. Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
6. Henry Vivian Derozio
7. To propagate the ideals of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa
8 Narayana Guru
9. Jyotiba Phule
10. M. G. Ranade
11. Syed Ahmed Khan
12. By implementing the Sati Prohibition Act
13. Dayanand Saraswati
IV.
1.
• During this period, Indians got contact with Western civilization.
• English education was made available.
• Introduction to the concepts of democracy and nationalism.
 • Rationalism developed.
• Interest in social analysis and reform.
• Influenced by Western scholars.
• Rajaram Mohan Roy, Dayanand Saraswati, Jyotiba Phule etc. started movements.

2.
• Founder of Brahma Samaj.
• Known as the ‘father of Indian Renaissance’.
• He was proficient in Sanskrit, Arabic, English, French, Greek, Latin.
• Studied Hindu, Muslim, Christian, Buddhist religions.
• Questioned idol worship.
• Said that modern science & English education were necessary
• Opposed the exploitation of women.
• Fight against Sati system, child marriages.
• Supported the Sati Prohibition Act.
• Started the newspaper ‘Samvada Kaumudi’.
3.
• It demanded prohibition of liquor
• It opposed the inequality of men and women, denial of human rights, and
exploitation.
• It opposed the practices of untouchability.
• It led a movement for social justice.
• It opened schools for the education of female students.
• It condemned slavery.
• It advocated free and compulsory education.
• It led pro-peasant struggles.
4.
• It tried to reform Hindu customs.
• Opposed idol worship and polytheism
• Encouraged monotheism
• Condemned sacrificial offerings
• Opposed priesthood
• Helped to create national consciousness among Indians.
5.
• Founded the Arya Samaj.
• Said that the Vedas are the source of truth and knowledge
• Declared ‘Return to the Vedas’
• Condemned idol worship and caste system
• Encouraged widow remarriage
• Called for the use of swadeshi goods
• Wrote the book ‘Satyartha Prakasha’
• Started the ‘Shuddhi Movement’
• Declared that “India is for Indians”
6.
• “Service to humanity is service to the God” was its foundation
• Gave high priority to the spread of education
• Established the Deccan Educational Institute and made efforts for the
advancement of education
• Encouraged widow marriage and female education
• Encouraged inter-caste marriage
• Encouraged eating together by people of all castes
• Opposed child marriage and caste system
• Opposed idol worship
• Said that all religions are the symbol of truth
• Established orphanages, national schools, and widows' homes
7.
• Revealed the importance of love for life
• A brave monk who awakened Indians
• He gave importance to the individual and the existence of the individual
• He wanted to give importance to the potential of the individual
• He said that social service is important for salvation
• Many were inspired by his thoughts
• He was a driving force for the youth
8.
• She gave new life to the work of the Theosophical Society
• She sowed admiration for Indian culture
• She tried to promote equality, brotherhood and achieve harmony in society
 • She supported the freedom movement
• She started the newspaper ‘New India’
• She started the Home Rule Movement in 1916
• She was the president of the 1917 Congress session
9.
• The aim of this organization was to empower the backward and exploited
communities
• The aim of this organization was to build a society where man can live with
dignity
• His wish was that there should be one caste, one religion and one God for the
human race
• Started the social resistance movement in Kerala
• Built alternative temples to the temples that were denying entry to lower castes
• Led the Vaikam Satyagraha Temple Entry Movement
• Led the Guruvayur Temple Entry Movement
10.
 Started the Non-Brahmin Movement.
 Started the ‘Atma Gaurava Movement’
• He rejected the ideas of racial superiority of Aryans and Brahmins
• He opposed caste and gender discrimination
• He called Tamil a Dravidian language
• He opposed Sanskrit language and literature
• Periyar became the president of the Justice Party in 1939
• He founded the “Dravidian Kalagam” organization
• He founded the newspaper ‘Justice’
• His mission was to form a society of tolerance for all religions
Chapter- 6
India's First War of Independence (1857)
Model Answers
I.
1. Immediate cause of the 1857 rebellion
C. Introduction of Royal Enfield rifles
2. Leader who fought against the British in Kanpur
C. Nana Saheb
3. Among these, one reason for the failure of India's first war of independence
C. Lack of a strong leader
4. Reasons why the sepoys lost the trust of the common people during the first war of
independence
D. Soldiers' looting and robberies
II.
1. First War of Independence
2. Mangalapande
3. Gwalior
4. Magna Carta
5. Revolt in Meerut
III.
1.
• Many native kings lost their kingdoms due to the policy of ' Doctrine of Lapse the
princely states of Satara, Jaipur, Jhansi, Udaipur were captured by the British.
• The kingship of Thanjavur and the Nawabs of the Carnatic was abolished.
• The Mughal emperor and the Nawabs of Oudh were deposed.
• Millions of soldiers who depended on them became unemployed.
2.
• India's domestic industries declined.
• Indian artisans became unemployed.
• Home industries suffered losses and collapsed.
• The landlord was exploiting the farmers.
• The farmers suffered financially.
3.
• New civil & criminal laws were enacted.
• There was bias in the law.
• There were separate rules for Indians.
• English became the language of the court.
• Judges administered justice in favor of the English.
• The people did not understand the intentions of the new law.
4.
• The conditions of the Indian soldiers were serious
 • The status, pay, and promotion opportunities that the British soldiers had were not
available to the Indian soldiers
• The fact that Indian soldiers were forced to serve overseas was religiously
motivated
• There was a rumor that the Cartridges of the ‘Royal Enfield’ rifles were filled with
fat of pig and cow
5.
• The soldiers were given ‘Royal Enfield’ rifles
• It was rumored that their guns were greased with fat of pig and cow
• The cow was sacred to Hindus
• Pig was forbidden to Muslims
• This rumor was the immediate cause of the mutiny
• The soldiers in the barracks mutinied when they were ordered to take away the
guns
IV.
1.
• The mutiny did not spread throughout India.
• It was done for the self-interest of the kings and queens.
• It was not a planned rebellion.
• There was no unity among the Indian soldiers.
• There was no proper guidance for the rebellion.
• There was a lack of organization.
• There was a lack of proper military leadership.
• There was no definite goal among the fighters.
• Many native kings showed loyalty to the British.
• They lost the trust of the people due to the looting and robberies committed by the
sepoys.
2.
• The East India Company's rule ended.
• The affairs of India were entrusted to the Secretary of State for Indian Affairs
• In 1858, the British Queen issued a proclamation
• The agreements made by the company with the native kings were accepted
• British gave up the desire for territorial expansion
• Providing a secure government to the Indians
 • Equality before the law was declared
• No interference in religious matters
• They realized that he could not rule peacefully without the love, support, and trust
of the Indians
• It became a turning point for the freedom struggle
Chapter- 7
Freedom Struggle
Model Answers
1. B) A.O. Hume
2. C) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3. B) 1923
4. D) Subhash Chandra Bose
5. A) Dada Bai Naoroji
6. A) Jawaharlal Nehru
7. C) Gopalakrishna Ghokhale
8. B) To strengthen the struggle against the British
9. C) Jaya Prakash Narayan
10. A) To support the blueberry growers
11. B) Khilapat
12. Lord Lytton
13. 1885
14. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
15. Anusheelan Samiti and Abhinava Bharat
16. Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
17. Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru
18. 1942
19. Subhash Chandra Bose
20. Dr.|| B.R. Ambedkar
21. Jawaharlal Nehru
22. Lord Mountbatten
23. Sir John Radcliffe Commission
24. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
25. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
26.
 • Presenting demands to the government through prayers and petitions.
• Dadabai Naoroji, M.G. Ranade. Gopal Krishna Gokhale Surendranath Banerjee.
• Believed in British rule and justice.
• Providing political education to Indians.
• Reducing military expenditure.
• Developing the country's industries.
• Studying poverty.
• Demanding that relief programs be implemented.
• He said that India's wealth was flowing to England.
27.
• Naoroji explained in detail how India's wealth was flowing to England through his
theory
• Increasing India's import and reducing exports, causing adverse arrears of
payments
• Excessive salaries given to British officials
• Pensions given to retired British officials
• Excessive administrative costs
• He explained with statistics that India's wealth was flowing to England.
28.
• Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandrapal.
• Organization through festivals like Ganesh, Shivaji, Durga etc.
• Tilak declared 'Swaraj is my birthright; I will get it'.
• Started Swadeshi movement.
• Tilak started newspapers 'Kesari' in Marathi and 'Maratha’ in English.
• Opposed the partition of Bengal.
• Tilak was arrested by the British government due to his revolutionary writings.
• His goal was complete Swaraj.
• While in jail, he wrote the book 'Gitarahasya' and intensified the struggle.
29.
• A group of leaders who believed that the British could be defeated only through
violent means.
• V.D. Savarkar Arabindo Ghosh, Shyamaji Krishna Sharma, Khudiram Bose,
Bhagat Singh Chandrashekar Azad and others
• Establishment of secret organizations
 • Establishment of branches in the country and abroad
• Collection of funds and weapons
• Training of revolutionaries
30.
• In 1920, Gandhiji started the Non-Cooperation Movement
• Rejected the titles and awards given by the British
• Students left schools and colleges
• Courts were boycotted
• Foreign goods were boycotted
• Elections to provincial assemblies were boycotted.
• Chauri Chaura violent incident took place.
• Policemen were burnt alive.
• Gandhiji was offended by the incident.
• Gandhiji withdrew this movement.
31.
• February 5, 1922, took place in Chauri Chaura, Uttar Pradesh.
• A group of 3000 activists were peacefully protesting
• Police attacked the protesters
• An angry crowd tried to storm the police station
• Police opened fire
• The police were out of ammunition.
• The police station was set on fire by the angry people.
• This resulted in the burning of 22 policemen alive.
• Gandhiji withdrew the non-cooperation movement, expressing regret over the
violent behavior of the agitators.
32.
• Resolution of the Civil Disobedience Movement at the Lahore Congress session.
• Gandhiji led it.
• Gandhi wrote a letter of eleven demands to the Viceroy.
• The Viceroy rejected these demands.
• The Civil Disobedience Movement was launched.
• Gandhiji marched from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi with his followers.
• He broke the Salt Law by making salt in Dandi.
• Thousands of people responded to Gandhiji's call,
33.
• Congress called for the Quit India Movement in 1942.
• The slogan of this movement was 'Britishers, quit India'.
• Gandhiji gave the call of 'Do or Die'.
• Gandhiji and many leaders were arrested by the British government.
• Rise of new leaders.
• Jayaprakash Narayan took over the leadership of the movement.
• He engaged in revolutionary activities.
• Muslim League did not participate in the movement.
34.
• He opposed the cultivation of indigo in Champaran district.
• He held a hartal against land revenue.
• Farmers in Telangana protested against the landlords and the Nizam's razakars.
• Farmers in Bengal revolted against the exploitation of landlords.
• In Maharashtra, farmers staged a movement against low wages.
• Labor revolts: jute mill workers, textile mill workers, and railway workers began
to organize for their demands.
• Railway workers raised slogans against the British for higher wages.
• A labor union was established in Madras. .
35.
• British revenue and forest policies inspired tribal revolts.
• The Santal revolt, the Kolas revolt, and the Munda movement are important.
• The Halagali Bedas revolt in Karnataka is important.
• These tribal people became destitute due to the permanent zamindari system.
• Enraged Santalas held secret meetings.
• They decided to loot the zamindars and moneylenders.
• The rebellion intensified in Barhat, Bhagatpur and Rajmahal.
• Many zamindars and moneylenders fled.
• The British used the army to suppress the Santal rebellion.
• The Kolas and Mundas fought against the British.
36
• He was the president of the Haripur Congress session.
• He was popularly known as 'Netaji'.
• He took over the leadership of the INA.
 • He formed a new party called 'Forward Block'.
• He founded the Socialist Party.
• He gave a call to Delhi Chalo.
• He gave the call 'Give me blood, I swear to give you freedom'.
• He gave up his prestigious post and plunged into the freedom movement.
• Escaped from house arrest and went to Germany and sought help from Hitler.
• However, Subhash died in an accidental plane crash.
37.
(Hint: Ambedkar, the Bharat Ratna, the modern man, the architect of the constitution, the
first law minister. He published the newspaper Mooknayaka Janata, led the Mahar
Kalaram movement, fought for boycotted associations, reservations for the oppressed,
and social & economic equality.)
• He is called Bharat Ratna, the modern man, the architect of the constitution.
• He was the first law minister of the country.
• Published the newspapers 'Janta', 'Mooknayaka, Bahishkruta Bharat'.
• He formed the 'Mahad and Kalaram' movements.
• He founded the 'Bahiskrita Hitkarani Sabha' organization.
• He fought for social & economic equality
• He formed struggles against the caste system.
• He wanted separate constituencies for the protection of untouchables.
• Founded a party called 'Independent Workers' Party'.
• Was the chairman of the drafting committee of the Constitution.
• Provided legal protection against the practice of untouchability in the
Constitution.
38.
• Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of India
• He is the architect of industrialization and New India.
• Formulated foreign policy on the principles of Panchsheel
• Implemented five-year plans in India
• Proposed the policy of non-alignment.
• Achieved industrialization in India
• Implemented a mixed economic policy
• Completed the merger of the Indian states with the help of Sardar Patel
 Chapter-8
Post-Independent India
Model Answers
1. b) Mountbatten Report
2. d) Secular- Socialist
3. c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
4. d) 1973
5. Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad
6. 1950 January 26
7. 1987
8. Dr. Fazal Ali
9. Andhra Pradesh
10. All Karnataka State Organization Council
2
11. Formation of the constitution
• Refugees’ problem
• Communal riots
• Government formation
• Reorganization of the Indian states
• Food production
• Agricultural and industrial development
12.
• After independence Pondicherry, Karaikal, Mahe, Chandranagar continued under
French colonial rule
• The French further increased their control over these pocessions
• Struggle by Congress and other communist organizations
• Inclusion of these areas in India in 1954
• Pondicherry became a Union Territory in 1962.
13.
• It was under the Nizam of Hyderabad
• Determination to remain independent
• Armed struggle of Telangana farmers under communist leadership
• Widespread resistance against the Nizam and Razakars
 • The Indian government sent troops and defeated the Nizam and merged with India
in 1948.

13.
• There were 562 princely states at the time of India's independence
• Implementation of the Union Act of 1947 by the Government of India
• Patel implemented war, negotiation and persuasion strategies
• Strong resistance from the three princely states of Junagadh, Hyderabad and
Kashmir
• The unification of princely states was successful under the leadership of Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel, the first Home Minister of India.
15.
• The Nawab of Junagadh wanted to annex his princely state to Pakistan.
• Strong opposition from the people of Junagadh State
• Unable to face the protest, the Nawab fled the state
• At the request of the Diwan, the Indian government sent troops and in 1949,
Junagadh was included in the Indian Union.
16.
• There was a continuous movement for Goa, which was a Portuguese colony, to
join India
• The Portuguese ordered the annexation of Goa. They tried to suppress the
movement by bringing in more troops from Africa and Europe
• In 1955, Satyagrahis came from different parts of the country fought for the
liberation of Goa.
• In 1961, the Indian army entered and captured Goa.
Chapter 9
World Wars and India's Role
Model Answers
1. Non-Alignment
2. Germany, Austria, Hungary, Italy
3. Japan
4. Treaty of Versailles
5. United States - Soviet Russia
6. Hitler formed the Grey Shirts to create riots and create fear among the people
7. Hitler appointed a minister named Goebbels to incite racial hatredness
8. Mussolini
9. Delhi
10. To prevent world wars
11. The mass killings carried out by Hitler are called the Holocaust.
12. Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the prince of Austria, was assassinated by a Serbian
citizen.
13. Treaty of Versailles
14. 1917
15. Hitler
16.
a. Nationalism
b. Destruction of foreign powers
c. Glorification of violence
J. Racial superiority
e. Imperial expansion
g. Support for genocides.
17.
a. Creation of a difficult situation in America and Europe.
b. A sharp decline in the standard of living of the people
c. Stagnation of industrial and agricultural growth
d. There was extreme unemployment.
18.
a. Excessive militarization
b. Excessive nationalism
c. Imperialist policies
d. Formation of alliances
e. colonial policy
g. Geographical border issues
19.
a. The humiliating treaties of the First World War
b. The growth of extremist nationalism in Europe
c. The rise of dictators like Hitler and Mussolini
d. Formation of alliances
 e. Excessive militarization
20.
a. The Aryan German race is the superior race in the world.
b. The rest of the races are the only ones fit to rule.
c. The Jews are the cause of all the problems of the Germans.
e. The extremist nationalism that the Jews are not fit to live came into effect.
f. He appointed a special minister named Goebbels to carry out racial propaganda.
g. The mass murder of Jews through the Holocaust
h. Hitler's ambition to conquer the world
i. Germany invades Poland
21. Lancers from Mysore, Hyderabad and Jodhpur helped the British in capturing the city
of Haifa. Thus, the British built Teen Murti Bhavan in their name, on the same route as
Teen Murti Chowk in Delhi.
22.
a. War reparations imposed on Germany.
b. The Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman empires ceased to exist.
c. Germany lost most of its territories.
d. The map of Europe changed.
e. The humiliating Treaty of Versailles
f. The formation of the League of Nations
g. The growth of extremist nationalism
h. The rise of dictators like Hitler and Mussolini.
23.
• The Maharaja of Mysore, Krishnaraja Wodiyar IV said that he would stand
shoulder to shoulder in the defense of the empire.
• He gave fifty lakh rupees to the war fund of India.
• He told the Lancer Regiment to leave for Egypt.
• He sent the Mysore army to the battlefield under the command of the army officer
B. Chamaraja Urs.
• He sent a regiment with officers, sepoys, horses, and donkeys.
• Iron, mica, chromite, and wood were produced and sent to the battlefield.
• He fought with the enemy in the Suez Canal region.
• Chased the enemy in the Battle of Gaza.
• Mysore soldiers destroyed the Turkish army.
24.
• The most casualties in human history occurred.
• Change in the political structure of the world
• Formation of the United Nations
• Colonies in Asia and Africa became independent.
• Cold War between America and Russia
• Britain lost its colonies.
• India became independent.
• Nuclear rivalry between the great powers America and Russia
25.
• India participated in the war.
• The Indian Army fought in West Asia, Burma, Iraq, Iran, Syria, Africa, Italy.
• India became a war zone for Germany and Japan in the West.
• Indian resources and soldiers helped the Allies win.
• Helped fight the Italians in Africa
• Britain used Indian agricultural products and industrial materials for this war.
• Upgraded the ordinance factories to produce amunitions.
• Large quantities of amunitions were used.
26.
• Commandant A.T. Thyagaraja
• Risaldars A. Lingaraj Aras, Subbaraj Aras, B.P. Krishna Aras, Veer Tukar Ali,
Sardar Bahadur, B. Chamaraj Aras
• Regimentdar B. Chamaraj Aras, Colonel Desiraj Aras

GEOGRAPHY
Chapter: 1.
India: Geographical Location and Natural Features
Model Answers
I.
1. Wide.
2. In the Great Himalayas.
3. Godwin Austin.
4. Peninsular Plateau.
II
5. Nilgiri Hills.
6. The plain of North India is made up of alluvial soil carried by rivers.
7. Shimla, Mussoorie, Raniket, Nainital, Chakrat & Darjeeling.
8. The flat, narrow plains in the foothills of the Himalayas are called dunes.
9. Peninsular Plateau
10. Himadri
11. Anaimudi
12. Anaimudi
13.82 ½ East longitude
14. Sahyadri Hills
III
15.
• Northern Mountains.
• Northern Great Plain.
• Peninsular Plateau.
• Coastal Plain & Islands.
16.
• There are immense mineral resources here.
• The rivers here are full of waterfalls and are suitable for hydroelectric power
generation.
17.

Western Ghats Preliminaries

Close to the sea Far from the sea

Are tall Not as tall as the Western Ghats

Continuous Isolated here and there

18.
• Provide protection to India.
• Block the cold winds from North Asia.
• Are the source of rivers.
 • Are suitable for hydroelectric power generation.
• Have mineral resources.
• Are famous for tourism and religious sites.
• Are a haven for flora and fauna.
IV.
19. 20.

Chapter: 2.
Seasons of India.
Model Answers
I.
1. The sun rays fall vertically on the northern hemisphere during summer
2. Due to local temperature and winds
3. The pre monsoon rain fall in West Bengal is called Kala Baisakhi
4. Arabian Sea branch and Bay of Bengal branch
5. Tamil Nadu
6. Winter
7. The pre monsoon rain fall that occurs in Karnataka during April and May is called
coffee blossom
8. The pre monsoon rain fall that occurs in Kerala during April and May is called mango
showers
9. The Arabian Sea branch is blocked by the western Western Ghats and causes more
rainfall
10.The southwest monsoon winds returns from the north east direction hence they are
called north east monsoon winds
11.Ganganagar (Rajasthan)
12.Mawsynram (Meghalaya)
13 Ruyli (Rajasthan)
14.Due to the creation of low-pressure area in Bay of Bengal
15.South India is surrounded by water bodies in three sides
II.
16.
• Summer season (March - May)
• Southwest monsoon season (June - September)
• Retreating monsoon season (October - November)
• Winter season (December - February)
17. Latitude, altitude, distance from oceans, direction of winds, mountain ranges and
ocean currents
18.
• The temperature in the Indian subcontinent decreases due to the heavy rain fall
during the south west monsoon season
• During this period, the sun's rays fall vertically on the southern hemisphere
• Due to this, the temperature in the northern hemisphere decreases and a high-
pressure area is formed
19. Western part of the Western Ghats, West Bengal, Assam and North eastern states
20.
 The main occupation of the people of India
• Agriculture is controlled by the monsoon winds
• Failure of rain fall leads to drought
• Heavy rain falls causes loss of life and damage to property.
• Hence, Indian agriculture is called a gamble with the monsoons
Chapter-3
Soils of India
Model Answers
I.
1. (b) Red soil
2. (c) Alluvial soil
3. (a) Black soil
4. (b) Black soil
5. (a) Red soil
6. (b) Alluvial soil
7. (a) Desert soil
8. (a) Mountain soil
9. (d) Alluvial soil
10. (a) Black soil
II.
11. The parent rocks from which soils are produced are different in their quality
12. The decayed organic matter of plants and animals
13. The soil carried and deposited by rivers from the mountainous regions
14. Since black soil is very suitable for cotton cultivation
15. The black soil is called `Regur soil'
16. Clay particles are found more often
17. In areas with very little rainfall and high temperatures
18. Mountain soil
19. Since it is less retentive moisture gets reduced and dries out quickly
20. Because it gets rainfall more than 200 cm annully
21.Transportation of surface soil by various natural forces is called soil erosion
22. Preventing soil erosion and maintaining its fertility
23.Deforestation, over grazing, Unscientific methods of cultivation, over irrigation,
Running water, wind, sea waves.
24. Due to soil erosion, the volume of water perculating down gets reduced
25. Usually formed in areas with more than 200 cm of rainfall.
26. Due to accumulation of silt, the storage capacity of the reservoirs gets reduced
III.
27.
• Deforestation
• Overgrazing
• Unscientific farming
• Excessive irrigation
• Brick, tile, pottery making
28.
• Contains a large amount of decomposed organic matter.
 • Contains a lot of nitrogen and organic residues.
• Found in the Himalayas.
• Formed in mountainous areas.
• Coffee, tea, spices, fruits are the main crops.
29.
• Widely distributed in the peninsular plateau.
• Spread from Kanyakumari in the south to Jhansi in Madhya Pradesh.
• It extends from the Kutch region of Gujarat in the west to the Rajmahal hills in the
east.
• Millet, tobacco, oilseeds, sugarcane, cotton, and rice are the main crops.
30.
• Due to heavy rain, the salts in the soil are washed away
• Only iron oxide and aluminum remain in the upper layer
31.
• Rivers become flooded.
• Rivers change their course.
• The water storage capacity of reservoirs decreases.
• The amount of inflow decreases.
• Natural springs dry up.
• Agricultural production is affected.
1.
black soil Soil for jamb

Produced by the weathering of igneous rocks Found in areas with more than 200 cm of rainfall.

It is fertile. Fertility is very low.

Has the ability to retain moisture. Lack of nitrogen and salts.

It is rich in iron, lime, and magnesium

Red in colour.
carbonates.
Suitable for dry farming. Suitable for coffee, tea, and horticultural crops.
Cotton, corn, wheat, onion, and chili are the
major crops.

33.
• Alluvial soil
 • Black soil
• Red soil
• Laterite) soil
• Desert soil
• Mountain soil
34.
desert soil Alluvial soil
 Produced in areas with very low  Rivers carry and deposited sediments from
rainfall and high temperatures. the mountains.
 Red and brown in colour.  Widely distributed in India.
 Found in the northwestern part of  Largely found in the northern plains.
India.  Wheat, rice, sugarcane, cotton and jute are
 High porosity between the particles. the major crops.
 Water does not retents and dries up
rapidly.
 Jowar, Sajje, dates are grown

35.
• Counter Ploughing
• Construction of bunds
• Terraced agricultural fields
• Preventing deforestation
• Encouraging the growth of forests
• Controlling livestock grazing
• Planned use of water
• Construction of check dams
Chapter-4
India's Forest Resources
Model Answers
I.
1. (b) Gangetic plain
2. (a) Deciduous monsoon forests
3. (d) Alpine forests
 4. (a) Desert forests
5. (a) Evergreen forests
6. (d) Madhya Pradesh
7. (b) Haryana
8. (d) Mangrove forests
9. (c) Nilgiri
II.
10.Sundari type of trees found abundantly
11. The natural vegetation of an area.
12. 7,13,789 hectares (21.71%)
13. These are deciduous forests during the dry season of the year
14. Tropical grassland forests.
15. Since India has a monsoon climate.
16. To protect forests from human, animal and natural disasters
17. To protect various animals in their native habitat.
18. Jim Corbett of Uttarakhand
19. To protect the diversity of flora and fauna.
III.
20. Sal, Baira, Toon, Silver, Strus, Laurel.
21.
• River estuaries and lowland areas of river valleys.
• River estuaries of Ganges, Mahanadi, Godavari and Krishna.
22.
• These forests are most widely spread in India.
• They extend in the area where there is 75 to 250 cm of rainfall.
• They shed their leaves during a specific dry season of the year.

IV.
1.
Evergreen forests Deciduous forests
 Rainfall of more than 250 cm.  75 to 250 cm. Rainfall area.
 Found in Western Ghats, Assam,  Widely distributed in India.
Meghalaya, Tripura, Manipur,  Leaves fall in certain dry seasons.
Nagaland, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands and Lakshadweep.
 Remains green throughout the year.
24.
 Agricultural expansion.
 Dairy farming.
 Road and railway construction.
 Irrigation projects.
 Forest fires.
 Mining.
25.
 Evergreen forests.
 Deciduous monsoon forests.
 Tropical grassland forests.
 Mangrove forests.
 Desert forests.
 Himalayan alpine forests.
26.
Tropical grassland forests Desert forests
 60 to 75 cm. Rainfall area.  An area where rainfall is less than 50
 Tall grass and shrub species are found. cm.
 Found in the central part of the Deccan  Shrubby plants grow.
Plateau, in the Thar Desert in the Aravalli  Plants have deep roots.
Hills.  The Thar Desert of Rajasthan is
 Babul, Shisham, Sabai grass are the plants found in some parts of the states of
here. Punjab, Haryana, and Gujarat.

27.
 Tamil Nadu–Madumalai, Kanyakumari.
 West Bengal–Mahananda, Chapramari.
  Rajasthan–Bassi, Sawai Mansingh.
 Haryana–Kalesar, Nahar.
 Punjab–Bir Motibhag, Harike.
 Andhra Pradesh–Kolleru, Krishna.
28.
 Kaziranga National Park– Assam
 Sundarbans National Park–West Bengal
 Hazaribagh National Park–Jharkhand
 Gir National Park–Gujarat
 Kanha National Park–Madhya Pradesh
 Tadoba National Park–Maharashtra
VI.
29.
 Provides clean air, food and fodder
 Helps in bringing good rains.
 Controls soil erosion.
 Provides shelter for animals and birds.
 Provides medicinal plants.
 Attracts tourists.
 Provides employment opportunities.
 Maintains ecological balance.
30.
 Removing conflicting trees that cause forest fires.
 Control diseases affecting forest trees.
 Plant saplings.
 Distribute seeds.
 Control illegal logging.
 Controlling the grazing of livestock in forests.
 Encouraging the public to plant trees.
 Educating the public and motivating them to protect them.
 Implementing the social forest scheme promptly.
 Chapter – 5
Water Resources of India
Model Answers
I.
1) c) India
2) d) Andhra Pradesh
3) b) Damodar River
4) a) Hirakud
5) b) Kosi River
6) B) Krishna River
7. A) Damodar River is no longer remains the tears of Bengal
8. A) Hirakud
9. A) Bhakra Nangal
II.
10. Irrigation is the supply of water to agricultural land through artificial channels, wells
and tanks
11. Bhakra Nangal
12. Kosi Project
13. Collecting and using rain water is called rain harvesting.
14. Preventing rain water from flowing away and storing it in the ground is called
‘groundwater recharging’
15. The Damodar River is called the Tears of Bengal because it causes immense damage
in West Bengal.
III.
16.
 Well irrigation
 Lake irrigation
 Canal irrigation
17.
 Provides irrigation facility to more areas.
 More useful in areas with low rainfall
 Construction and maintenance of wells is easy
 Necessary in areas without irrigation facility
 18.
Perennial Canals Flood canals
1. Perennial canals are constructed across the 1. Canals dug directly into rivers without
river and water is stored in the reservoirs. constructing dams.
2. Water flows in rivers only when they are
2. Water is provided through out the year.
full.

19.
• The national electricity grid has been built to supply surplus electricity to the
deficit areas and to ensure proper distribution of electricity.
• Surplus electricity from any part of the country can be supplied to the deficit areas.
20.
• Water is very precious.
• The distribution of water resources in India is uneven.
• The duration of the monsoon season is reduced.
• Water shortage occurs in summer.
• It is a simple way to solve water scarcity.
21.
• Digging ponds in the fields to collect water.
• Stopping and diverting the flowing rainwater.
• Collecting water that falls on the roof of the house and storing it for daily use.
• Constructing bunds across the flowing water and collecting water in small ponds.
IV.
22.
• Water availability varies from region to region
• Water availability varies from season to season
• Uneven distribution of rainfall
• Rainfall in India is scare
• Rainfall is periodic
• Irrigation is essential in areas with low rainfall
V.
23.
• To provide irrigation facilities.
• To generate hydroelectric power.
• To control the floods in rivers.
• To provide navigation facilities.
• To provide water for domestic use and industries.
• To control soil erosion.
• To develop fisheries.
• To increase forest wealth.
VI. Draw an outline map of India and mark the following places.
a) Bhakra Nangal
b) Kosi
c) Narmada
d) Hirakud
e) Damodar
f) Upper Krishna
g) Tungabhadra
h) Nagarjuna Sagar

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 Chapter 6
Land Use and Agriculture in India
Model Answers
1. B) Fixed farming
2. C) West Bengal
3. A) Punjab
4. A) 1st place
5. B) Commercial farming
6. The use of land for various purposes is called land use.
7. The development of horticulture is called the Golden Revolution.
8. Farming for commercial purposes is called commercial farming.
10. Commercial flower farming is called floriculture.
11. 2nd place
12. Farming in the winter season is called rabi farming.
13. Growing 2-3 crops from the same field in a year is called intensive farming.
14. Subsistence farming is the cultivation of crops that farmers need for their livelihood.
15. Mixed farming is the cultivation of agricultural land not only for growing crops but
also for raising livestock such as poultry, sheep, pigs, bees, etc.
16. Early monsoon or Kharif crops, Post monsoon or rabi crops, summer crops
17
Paddy Cultivation Wheat Cultivation
A temperature of 25 C is required for rice Wheat requires a temperature of 10-15 C to
cultivation. grow.
An average of 100-200 cm of rainfall is An average annual rainfall of 50-70 cm is
required annually to grow rice. required to grow wheat.
Alluvial soil and clay soil are more suitable Clay soil and black soil are best suited for
for growing rice. growing wheat.

18.
• 20-25 C temperature is not necessary for growing cotton
• 75-150 cm. Rainfall is required for growing cotton.
• Black soil and alluvial soil are more suitable for growing cotton
19.
• Diverse landforms
• Climate and soil
• Irrigation facilities
• Workers
• Market
• Government incentives
20.
• Increase in farmers' income
• Benefits for women
• Has a major market
• Employment opportunities
• Encourages export trade
• Complementary to other agricultural crops
21
• Landforms
• Type of Soil
• Climate
• Population
• Land holding
• Employment
• Technology
• Human capacity
• Irrigation facilities
• Market
22
• Net cultivated area
• Forest land
• Non-agricultural land use
• Fallow land
• Grassland
• Unused agricultural land
23.
• Intensive farming
 • Subsistence farming
• Fixed farming
• Shifting farming
• Commercial farming
• Mixed farming
• Horticultural farming
24
• It is the main occupation of Indians.
• It supplies food grains.
• It is a livelihood occupation.
• It has provided employment opportunities to the people.
• It has supported several industries.
• It provides raw material to industries.
• It has provided tertiary employment opportunities.
• It is the main source of national income.
25
• Natural factors
• Social factors
• Water supply
• Market
• Chemical fertilizers
• Farmers' attitude
• Content linkage
• Improved varieties
• Economic factors
Chapter 7
Mineral and Energy Resources of India
Model Answer
I.
1. C). Bombay High
2. C). Petroleum
3. C). It is used in both war and peacetime.
4. A). Petroleum
5. A). Mica
6. C). Lithium
II.
7. A mineral is a mixture that contains a specific chemical composition that occurs
naturally in nature
8. Aluminum
9. Because it is used for a variety of uses
10. Gold
11. Hatti Gold Mine in Karnataka
12. Digbai in Assam
13. The possibility of increasing the temperature of the earth's atmosphere due to the use
of conventional energy resources is called 'global warming'
14. The use of heat emitted by the sun's rays is called solar energy
15. Barmer, Rajasthan
III. Answer the following questions in two sentences each.
16.
• It is used in the manufacture of insect repellents.
• It is used in the manufacture of electricity.
• It is used in the manufacture of explosives.
• It is used in the manufacture of artificial fibers.
• It is used in the manufacture of artificial rubber.
17.
• Conventional energy resources are the main energy resources used in India.
• Their production is low and they have to be imported from abroad.
• This affects the national income.
• Also, environmental pollution is increasing.
VI.
18.
o Pyrolusite
o Psilomalane
o Magnatite
o Branite Holyandite
19.
• It is used in the manufacturing of steel.
• Used in the manufacturing of chemicals.
 • Used in the manufacturing of electrical appliances.
• Used in the manufacturing of colored glass.
20.
• Telephone and telegraph manufacturing.
• Glass manufacturing.
• Paint and varnish manufacturing.
• Used in the manufacture of electrical appliances.
• Used in the manufacture of colored glass.
• Artificial rubber manufacturing.
• Dynamos manufacturing.
• Chemical manufacturing.
21.
• Gasoline, petrol, diesel, kerosene are obtained by refining petroleum.
• Many industries have developed that depend on it as a raw material.
• Petroleum is not only an important energy resource but also an important raw
material.
• It is valuable in both peace and war times.
• Petroleum is a valuable energy resource in the fields of agriculture, industry and
transportation.
• It has been called 'liquid gold' by the six.
22.
• Use non-conventional energy resources more frequently.
• Give importance to hydroelectric power generation.
• Use of alternative local resources.
• Encourage the use of non-conventional energy resources.
• Educating people to use resources sparingly,
• Generating electricity from waste materials,
Chapter-8
Transport and Connectivity in India
Model Answer
1. D) Mumbai
2. D) Kolkata
3. A) National Highway 44
4. C) 1995
5. D) Visakhapatnam
6. A) GPS
7. C) Navik
8. Transportation is the movement of goods, services, information and goods from one
place to another
9. Ummingla, Ladakh
10. 1988
11. Collecting information related to objects from a distance without physically touching
them.
12. A port called Nawasheva has been built to reduce the pressure on the Mumbai port.
13. Mass media is a means of communication that reaches all people.
14. Road transport Rail transport. Water transport Air transport
15. National highways State highways District roads. Rural roads
16.
• It is a means of economic development.
• It is very convenient for the transport of passengers and goods.
• It allows for low-cost travel.
• It helps in the rapid transport of agricultural and horticultural products.
17.
• It helps in the development of agriculture and villages.
• It helps in supplying essential goods to villages.
• Road transport complements rail transport.
• It helps in transporting agricultural products to the market.
• It helps in the transportation of goods.
• It helps in the development of mining and industries.
• It helps in the rapid economic development of the country.
18.
• Environmental pollution, traffic congestion and accidents are the cause.
• Rural and district roads are unusable during the rainy season.
• Roads are damaged every year due to rain, floods and cyclones.
• Construction and maintenance of national and state highways is inadequate.
• Lack of necessary amenities can be seen on the side of the roads.
19. Tuticorin, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Paradip, Kolkata and Haldia
20. Kandla, Mumbai, Navseva, Marmagao, New Mangalore and Kochi
21.
• Communication media informs the people of the country about the happenings of
various regions
• It can inform the policies and regulations of the government and create awareness
about it.
• By providing the people with the knowledge they need about agriculture, industry,
etc., the process of development will proceed quickly.
• Communication media is a basic necessity for the development of trade and
commerce
• It helps in maintaining the unity, cohesion and stability of the country.
22.
• It is a system that collects, stores, uses, modifies and displays data or information
about the surface of the earth.
• A powerful set of tools that show is called Geographic Information System
• Maps based on GIS technology are more attractive and provide information in a
concise manner.
• Various types of geographical, social, economic land surface information can be
easily analyzed and their models can be created.
• The importance of GIS technology is more evident in the management of natural
resources.
• It is a computer-based analysis, maps can be obtained very quickly, as needed, in
a very short time without the help of cartographers and maps can be modified.
23.
• It is useful for identifying the exact geographical location of natural disasters.
• It is useful for forest and mountain trekkers to know the route.
• It has increased its use in transportation management.
• It provides necessary information to soldiers, pilots, fishermen and sailors to
follow the right path.
• It is the lifeblood of organizations providing door-to-door service in the city.
• Systems like Google Maps show the way using the GPS system
24.
• Provides real and reliable clear information.
• Collects information very quickly, in a short time and at low cost.
• The information obtained from this can be analyzed by computers.
 • Remote sensing images can be obtained from satellites despite the presence of
irregularities and surface obstacles.
• Provides images to study the areas affected by natural disasters and their severity
• Satellite images play a major role in the analysis of natural resources such as land
use, soil erosion, mineral deposits etc.
25.
• Indira Gandhi International Airport New Delhi
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport Mumbai
• Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport Kolkata
• Chennai International Airport Chennai
• Kempegowda International Airport Bangalore (Devanahalli)
• Mangalore International Airport Mangalore
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Ahmedabad
• Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport Lucknow
• Rajiv Gandhi International Airport Hyderabad
• Maharshi Valmiki International Airport Ayodhya
26.
a). New Mangalore
d). Visakhapatnam.
e). Kandla
f). Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport
g). Kempegowda International Airport
h). Indira Gandhi International Airport
Chapter-9
Major Industries of India
Model Answers
I.
1. D) Kulti - West Bengal
2. B) Mumbai
3. A) Bangalore
4. C) 1969
5. D) India
II.
6. Areas where industries are highly concentrated are called industrial zones.
7. This industry provides raw materials required for many other industries like machinery,
railways, shipbuilding, power projects, irrigation projects, building construction, house
construction, etc.
8. The production of cloth from different types of fibers is called textile industry.
9. Mumbai, Maharashtra has the highest number of cotton mills
10. Serampore, West Bengal
11. The information technology industry, which is based on human knowledge, is called
knowledge-based industry.
12. Because human enthusiasm is the basis
13. To encourage the growth of the software industry and promote exports
14. Because Bangalore is a major centre of information technology
15. Bangalore
16. Dr. Vikram Sarabhai
III.
17.
 Development of the Indian National Satellite System
 Reached Mars in the first attempt
 India became the first country to land near the south pole of the moon.
18.
 Bamboo
 Wood pulp
 Grass

IV.
19.
 Is a feature of modern civilization.
 Supplies essential goods
 Converts raw materials into finished goods
 Provides national income.
 Provides employment.
 Determines the economic progress of the country.
20.
  The first cotton mills were established in Mumbai and Bharuch in 1854.
 In 1951, the country had 378 cotton textile industries
 Currently, their number has increased significantly
 Today, they are distributed in more than 175 towns and cities of the country
 Maharashtra, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh
 Mumbai has the highest number of cotton mills.
 In addition, Nagpur, Solapur, West Bengal Kolkata, Uttar Pradesh
 Kanpur, Madhya Pradesh Indore
 Karnataka Bangalore, Davangere have major cotton textile industries
21.
 Transplantation of plants, animals etc.
 Use of new seeds
 Use of medicinal fertilizers
 Use of organic fertilizers
 Use of hybrid varieties of soybean, maize, cotton etc.
 Use of plant biotechnology
 Use of environment, biodiversity, medical biotechnology
V.
22.
 Raw materials
 Energy resources
 Market
 Transportation facility
 Labour supply
 Firearms facility
 Availability of cheap land
 Technology
 Government policies

23.
 Tata Iron and Steel Industry Jamshedpur-Jharkhand
 Indian Iron and Steel Company, Burnapur-West Bengal
  Vishvesvaraya Iron and Steel Company, Bhadravati-Karnataka
 Bhilai Iron and Steel Company, Bhilai=Chhattisgarh
 Rourkela Steel Plant –Odisha
 Durgapur Iron and Steel Company-West Bengal
 Bokaro Steel Plant-Jharkhand
 Salem Iron and Steel Company-Tamil Nadu
 Visakhapatnam Steel Plant-Andhra Pradesh

24.
 Hooghly Region
 Mumbai-Pune Region
 Ahmedabad-Vadodara Region
 Damodar Valley Region
 Southern Industrial Region
 National Capital Region
 Visakhapatnam-Guntur Region
 Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram Region
25.
 Telephone
 Internet connection
 Phones in the Defense Department, manufacturing of war materials
 Manufacturing of atomic bombs
 Satellite launch
 Landing on the moon
 Transparent e-governance in government offices
 Reforming the global economic system
 Use of artificial intelligence
VI.

ಡಿ
ಈ
ಜಿ
ಸಿ

ಎ
ಬಿ ಫ್

Chapter-10
Natural Disasters
Model Answers
I.
1. D. Global warming
2. D. Forestation
3. B. Flood control
4. D. Mangrove Forest
5. C. Kerala
6. A. Flood control
II.
7. Intense heating, giving rise to humid and unstable air masses that causes cyclones.
8. 2014
9. Floods are caused when the volume of water in rivers exceeds their carrying capacity
due to heavy rains and melting of snow.
10. Floods occur when dams burst and water is released at once.
11. Landslides occur when mines reach deep ore deposits.
12. A landslide is a mass of land that slides down a steep slope from the top of a mountain
or hill.
13. The erosion of the coastal zone by the waves of the sea is called coastal erosion.
14. An earthquake is an unexpected shaking of the earth's surface due to the internal
energy of the earth.
15. Natural disasters are natural events that cause the destruction of human life, property
and natural resources.
16. Due to the high waves hitting the coastal area, due to monsoon winds and cyclones,
17. To control sea erosion
18. Tamil Nadu Odisha
III..
19.
• Gonu-2007
• Nilofer-20214
• Nisarga-2020
• Tawkte-2021
20.
• Constructing embankments on both sides of the river
• Constructing dams on the rivers and storing water.
• Establishing flood warning centers.
• Growing forests in the catchment areas.
21.
• Many small rivers are blocked.
• Traffic movement is disrupted.
• Beaches and many vegetation types are submerged.
• Landslides occur.
• Loss of life and property is caused.
22
• Vast land will be lost to the sea
• Houses, roads will be submerged and damaged
23.
• Controlling sand erosion in the coastal area
 • Constructing a barrier along the coastal area
• Placing thick rocks along the coast.
• Growing mangrove forests along the coast.
24.
• Movement of tectonic plates in the interior of the earth
• Moving magma from one side to another.
• Urbanization
• Deforestation
• Construction of dams
• Mining
IV.
25
• Change the life style of people.
• Immense death and suffering will occur.
• Inland water bodies will become saline.
• Crops will be completely destroyed.
• Transportation will be disrupted.
• Disturbance in electricity supply
• Infectious diseases will spread.
26.
• Evacuating people from dangerous low-lying areas.
• Preparing generators, boats, and helicopters
• Re routing road and rail routes from cyclone zones
• Creating awareness among people through mass media
• Keeping military units ready
• Stocking fresh water and ready-made clothes
• Medicine and medical assistance
27.
• Excessive rainfall
• Breaching of river channels
• Releasing water from dams all at once.
• Rivers changing their course
• Heavy rains due to cyclones
• Earthquakes occurring in the middle of the ocean
28.
• Water flowing from the mountains
• Waves on the seashore eroding the earth
• Construction of roads, railways, canals in mountainous areas
• Loose soil layers
• Mining
• Deforestation
• Ploughing on steep slopes.
29.
• Death of people and destruction of property
• Damage to transport links
• Spread of diseases
• Ocean waves crashing on the shores
• Tsunami
• Change in the direction of the river.
30.
• Ban on multi-storied buildings in earthquake zones
• Building houses with light weight materials
• Constructing buildings to ensure stability.
• Providing medical assistance in earthquake-affected areas.

31.
 Damage to people's property
 Damage to land and crops
 Disruption of telecommunications and electricity
 Disruption of transport facilities
 Surface soil erosion
 Increase in diseases
32.
 Construction of dams
 Construction of buildings
 Construction of road and railway lines
 Construction of canals
  Mining
 Deforestation
V.
33.
 Earthquakes
 Floods
 Famines
 Hurricane
 Landslides
 Coastal erosion
 Avalanche
 Cloudbursts
 Heat waves
34
 Prepared food
 Food distribution
 Clean drinking water distribution
 Medicine distribution
 Temporary accommodation
 Provision of essential infrastructure
 Assistance of National Disaster Management Force
 Warning people through media.
VI.
35..

SOCIOLOGY
Chapter 1
Social Stratification
Model Answers
I.
1. C). Article 17
2. A). Pampa
3. C). Mahatma Gandhi
4. B). 1976
5. A). 1976
6). Protection of Civil Rights
7. C) Elimination of untouchability
II.
8. Stratification is the division of people into upper and lower classes on the basis of
income, education, caste, colour, gender, occupation, intelligence etc.
9. A pre-determined attitude that can be held towards an individual or a group.
10. 1989
III.
11.
• Intolerance
• Contempt
• Disrespect
• Hatred
4.
• Caste system exists in India
• This is a hierarchical system
• People of lower castes are considered untouchables
• Their right to food, employment and livelihood was taken away
• Social stratification is found in all societies
• In America, white people treated black people as slaves
• Black people were sold
• There is a feeling of discrimination between the poor and the rich everywhere
13.
• Article 17 prohibits the practice of untouchability.
• Untouchability Offences Act, 1955.
• Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1976.
• Universal suffrage is given to all.
• Reservation in educational jobs
• 1989 abolition of untouchability is the responsibility of the respective states
14.
• The caste system in India is identified with the caste system
• The Indian people are divided into thousands of caste groups
• Some of these castes are considered lower castes than others
• The untouchables were considered the last rung of society
• Untouchability is an inhuman practice of our society
• The lower castes were deprived of social, cultural, religious, educational and
political opportunities. Mahatma Gandhi said that untouchability was a stain on
Hindu society.
15.
 • Create awareness among people through mass media,
• Enforce strict laws
• Bring the untouchables into the mainstream of society by providing more
facilities.
• Social and religious leaders should take great care to eliminate this practice
• Instill secular ideas in children and people.
Chapter-2
Labour and Economic Life
Model Answers
I.
1. D)1976
2. C) Teachers
3. B) Agricultural workers
4. A) Industrialization
5. B) Bonded labour
II.
6. If a person gets financial or material reward from the expenditure of his energy or
effort, it is called 'labour'
7. Division of labour is the division of work between people on the basis of their interests,
aptitudes, abilities, age, special expertise, skills and gender differences.
8. The Equal Wages Act was enacted to eliminate discrimination in employment.
9. It refers to acquiring sufficient in-depth expertise, training or skills in a particular field.
10. Work activity that provides wages, salary or any other material form of reward
11. Unpaid work is the activity that a human being engages in for the sake of mental
happiness
12. Unemployment is the situation where a person is unable to find a job despite having
the working age, ability, interest and qualification
III.
13.
• Paid work
• Providing physical form of reward
• Unpaid work
• Work activity itself is paid work.
• Work for financial reward
 • E.g. lecturing in school, building construction, repairing vehicles
• Unpaid work
• Unpaid work is work that is done for the sake of mental happiness,
• Work without financial gain or reward
• E.g. an artist paints a picture for his own pleasure, building construction, repairing
vehicles
IV.
14.
• Overpopulation,
• Mechanization,
• Excessive division of labor,
• Social inequality,
• Lack of capital
• Illiteracy
15.
• Poverty
• Illness
• Corruption
• Family breakdown
• Cheating
• Fraud
• Theft
• Adultery
16.
• Population control measures
• Promotion of cottage industries
• Development of agriculture sector
• Development of industrial sector
• Educational reform schemes
• Five-year plans
• Promotion of vocational education
• Rural development schemes
• Employment guarantee scheme
• Advances in the field of information and technology
17.
• Organized workers
• Have specific laws and regulations
• Work in a specific workplace.
• Have fixed hours.
• Have fixed wages and allowances
• Have medical facilities
• Have specialized skills
• Unorganized workers
• Do not have laws and regulations.
• Do not work in a specific workplace.
• Do not have fixed hours.
• Do not have fixed wages and allowances
• Do not have medical facilities
• Do not have job security
18.
• There are no fixed rules and regulations.
• Low wages are paid
• No free medical facilities.
• There is no job security
• There is no fixed salary, vacation pay, pension and allowances
• There is a possibility of exploitation.
19.
• There are specific laws and regulations
• They work in a fixed workplace.
• There is a fixed time.
• There are fixed salary allowances.
• There are medical facilities.
• They have special expertise.
20.
• Discrimination in work is the inequality in the distribution of work and wages.
• The jobs of women and men are not the same.
• Men are given better jobs.
• Men are given more responsibility and salary.
 • Women are given less responsibility and salary.
• In an agricultural society, there is an unequal distribution of work tasks on the
basis of gender, age, abilities.
• There is also a difference in the payment of wages.
Chapter-3
Collective Behaviour and Protests
Model Answers
I.
1) C) Kerala
2) B) Appiko
3) A) Medha Patkar
4) B) Anti - Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant Movement
5. A) Prof. M. D. Nanjundaswamy
II.
1. Collective behavior is the behavior of an individual while in a group.
2. A crowd of people gathered around a common interest without any prior plan is called
a mob.
3. Violent and destructive behavior of a crowd is called a riot.
4. The movement carried out by trade unions for the interests of workers is called a labour
movement.
5. Farmers of Salyani village
III.
8.
• Triggering situation
• Uncontrolled behavior of individuals
• Uncivilized behavior
• Criminal nature of the rioters
• Riotous attitude
9.
• Punctuality of officials
• Police
• Defense forces
• Law
10.
 • The government had given permission to cut trees in the Tehri-Garhwal district of
Uttar Pradesh.
• People stopped it by hugging trees, saying it would lead to deforestation and
environmental damage.
• It was led by Sundarlal Bahuguna and Chandi Prasad Bhatt.
• The permission given to cut trees was cancelled.
11.
• It was carried out by farmers from Salyan in Uttara Kannada district.
• When contractors came to cut trees in the Kalase forest, people hugged trees and
protested.
• To prevent illegal trafficking of trees.
• The aim of the farmers was to create awareness about the importance of the
environment.
12.
• It was carried out against the construction of a dam on the Narmada River in the
state of Gujarat.
• Medha Patkar, Baba Amte led the movement.
• The movement was launched because of forest destruction, environmental
destruction, and harm to the wildlife.
13.
• It was launched against the construction of a dam planned to be established in the
Silent Valley of Kerala.
• It was launched because the construction of the dam would harm the survival of
the species.
• The movement was launched by the Kerala Sahitya Parishad and wildlife
enthusiasts.
• It was successful in protecting the wildlife.
• 14. Explain the movement against the Kaiga Nuclear Power Plant.
• It started under the leadership of Shivarama Karantha.
• A protest was held against the establishment of a nuclear power plant in Kaiga,
Karwar district.
• Its establishment will lead to deforestation.
• A movement was held that nuclear radiation will harm living species.
IV.
14.
• It is a temporary group.
• People gather together in a particular place.
• People are very easily influenced by each other's opinions, feelings and actions.
• The inner feelings of a person are revealed.
• Mobs erupt from time to time.
• Point out the flaws in society.
• It expresses the dissatisfaction of people with the functioning of social institutions.
15.
• Its purpose is to create confusion.
• There is no minimum level of purpose, unity.
• Sometimes it causes immense damage.
• There is no specific target for the attack here.
• There are serious challenges to law and order.
• For example: communal riots, group clashes.
16.
• Chipko movement
• Appiko movement
• Narmada movement
• Mauna Kanive movement
• Anti-Kaiga movement
• Karnataka coastal environmental movement
Chapter 4
Social Challenges
Model Answers
1) B) 1098
2) D) Child labour below 14 years of age is a punishable offence
3) C) 1961
4) A) 1994
5) A) Right to Education Act-2009
6). C) 1986
7). (B) From Drudgery to school
II.
1. Child labour is the employment of minor children.
2. Marriage of a girl before the age of 18 and a boy before the age of 21 is called child
marriage.
3. If the fetus in the womb is female, killing it in the womb is called female foeticide.
4. The cruel practice of killing a female child after birth is called female infanticide.
5. To prevent female foeticide
6. 2006
7. Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act
8. 2012 June 19
III.
1.
• Extreme poverty
• Family conflict
• Divorce
• Profiteering by businessmen
• Illiteracy
• Child abduction
2.
• There is no concern for the needs of children.
• Physical and mental abuse.
• Lack of health, food, medical facilities.
• Forced labour and exploitation.
• They are forced to work at the age of playing and reading, robbing them of their
childhood.

3.
• Fear of dowry
• Illiteracy, ignorance
• Anti-women attitudes
• Desire for a son
IV.
1.
• Child Labor Prohibition & Control Act has been enacted.
• Penalty of Rs. 20,000 for those who violate this act.
• 24th Act has banned child labour.
 • 1988- National Child Labour Scheme launched.
• Child Labour Rehabilitation Welfare Fund established.
• In 2006, “Child Labour Abolition and Rehabilitation Act” was enacted.
2.
• Gender discrimination
• Belief in early marriage
• Difference between girls and boys
• Lack of education, child labour
• Trafficking and sale of children
• Minimal implementation of law
• Public disobedience
• Faulty implementation of child rights 9. What are the ill effects of child marriage?
• All-round development of children is stunted.
• They lose their freedom to question.
• Abuse, violence, exploitation of children.
• Violation of all rights of children.
• Malnutrition, anemia, illness, abortion.
• Leads to infant mortality, maternal mortality.
• Damage to childhood, education, friendships.
3.
• File a complaint wherever child marriage takes place.
• A complaint can be made to the children's helpline-1098.
• The complainant may not give his name.
• A complaint can be made to the headmaster of a government school, panchayat
development officer, village accountant
• A complaint can be made to the police station in the city.
4.
• Implementation of education so that children do not leave school/college till the
age of 18.
• More emphasis on girl child education.
• Strengthening & empowerment of girls is a priority.
• Child helpline-1098 started.
• Child Marriage Prohibition Act-2006 implemented.
5.
 • It lowers the self-esteem and status of women.
• It causes family conflicts.
• This increases immorality and cruelty.
• Family relations are damaged.
• Fraudulent marriages are taking place.
• Female foeticide & female infanticide are increasing.
• Divorce cases are increasing.
6.
• Dowry Prohibition Act was enacted in 1961.
• Dowry-related marriages were banned.
• Those who violate this act can be fined Rs. 5000, or imprisoned for 6 months, or
both.
• Dowry death case has been included in the ‘Indian Code of Criminal Procedure’
• It can be eliminated through public awareness, inter-caste marriages, and media.
• It can be eliminated through women’s organizations.

ECONOMICS
Chapter 1
Economy and Government
Model Answers
1. c) Dr. M. S. Swaminathan
2. d) Vice President
3. b) Inclusive growth
4. Economic stability is when the economy moves towards progress without much
fluctuation.
5. The income and wealth generated in the country should be distributed as equally as
possible among all the people of the society without any discrimination of caste, class,
literate, illiterate, poor-educated, urban-rural. This is called social justice.
6. The process by which the government, with some specific objectives, consciously and
wisely implements economic planning to maximize the happiness of the people by
efficiently utilizing the resources available in the country.
7. He stressed the need for planning for the economic development of India. Hence, he is
called the ‘Father of Economic Planning of India’.
8. The rapid progress in the production of food grains is called the ‘Green Revolution’.
9. The advanced technology used in the collection, processing and marketing of
agricultural products is called ‘post-harvest technology’
10. An attempt is being made to double agricultural production by using all kinds of eco-
friendly techniques in agriculture. This is called the ‘Second Green Revolution’ or
‘Evergreen Revolution’.
11. National Development Council
12. To increase production to the maximum level. To increase employment opportunities.
To reduce economic inequality. To maintain economic stability. To modernize the
economy etc.
13. To act as the highest public policy think tank of the Government of India. To act as a
nodal agency for accelerating economic development. To promote cooperative union
through the involvement of the state governments of India in economic policy
formulation by utilizing resources from the grassroots level.
14. The pace of growth of national income has gradually increased. The growth of per
capita income has also increased. Self-sufficiency in food grain production has been
achieved. Employment opportunities have increased due to the expansion of industry and
service sectors. There has been immense progress in the field of science and technology.
Life expectancy and literacy rate of people are increasing. Infant mortality and maternal
mortality rates are decreasing. Both birth and death rates are decreasing, and the
population growth rate is decreasing
15. As a result of the experiment conducted by a scientist named Dr. Norman Borlaug,
research on high-yielding seeds in wheat. Use of pre-harvest technology. Use of high-
yielding seeds. Use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Expansion of irrigation
facilities. Use of post-harvest technology.
Chapter: 2
Rural Development
Model Answers
I
1. B. Decreasing
2. A. Gandhiji
3. C.73rd
4. B. Three tier system
5. B. Democracy
6. C. Suvarna Gramodaya Yojana
7. A. Stree Shakti
8. D. Mahatma Gandhi
II
1. Rural development is the process of improving the socio-economic and educational
status of rural people by efficiently utilizing the natural and human resources available
locally.
2. Value addition is the process of processing agricultural products in the villages
themselves and converting them into finished products and selling them.
3. Gram Swaraj is the process of giving the power and responsibility of village
development to the people of the village and developing the village into self-sufficient,
self-sufficient and prosperous villages.
4. Zilla Panchayat Organization
5. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
6. Decentralization is the process of achieving village development by providing the
power and responsibility of the village to the people of the village.
III
1
• The economic condition of rural people is not good
• Poverty has increased
• Employment opportunities have decreased
• Income is very low
• Illiteracy is prominent
• Malnutrition is seen
2.
• Most people live in rural areas
• Poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, illness, lack of basic facilities are seen
• The knowledge, skills and working capacity of the people in rural areas need to be
increased and their income increased
• Cottage industries need to be developed and people's poverty needs to be avoided
• Employment opportunities need to be increased in the villages itself
• Urban facilities need to be reached to the people in rural areas
• The fruits of development should be available to everyone
3.
 • Providing employment
• Increasing income
• Providing basic facilities
• Providing street lighting
• Building roads
• Providing drainage facilities
4.
• Providing financial literacy to women
• Creating awareness among women
• Providing training in self-employment
• Guiding in saving money
• Creating awareness against violence against women
• Providing training in making and selling household products
• Organizing women
5.
• Delivers state government schemes to the people
• Delivers central government schemes to the people
• Provides information on state and central government schemes
• Provides publicity about the schemes
• Delivers the results of the schemes to the eligible beneficiaries
• Unites people and governments
• Informs the governments about the problems of the rural areas
6.
• Street lighting facility
• Road facility
• Drainage system
• Sanitation system
• Health facility
• Drinking water facility
• Toilet system
7.
• Villagers are well aware of the problems of the village.
• Villagers are more concerned about the village
• To give responsibility to the villagers
 • To give power to the villagers
• The material condition of the village is good for the villagers
 Rural people are well aware of the grievances of the village.

Chapter 3
Public Finance and Budget
Model Answers
I.
1. C March 31
2. D Union Finance Minister
3. C Deficit
4. C Corporate Tax
5. C March 31
II.
1. The management of income, expenditure and debt of an individual or family is
called personal finance
2. Public finance management
3. The estimated list of income and expenditure of the government for a year is
called budget
4. If the expenditure is more than the income of the government in the budget, it is
called deficit budget
5. A deficit budget is presented to achieve economic development by increasing
expenditure
6. Education service Health service
7. Defense expenditure
8. The policy followed by the government in relation to its income and expenditure
is monetary policy
9. A tax whose burden cannot be transferred is called direct tax.
III.
1. There are three types of budgets. They are: Savings Budget, Deficit
Budget and Balanced Budget
 2. The government spends on various economic and social services,
nation building works, etc. for development. If such expenditure is
made under projects, it is called plan expenditure.
3. The Central Government provides three types of services under the
plan expenditure, one of which is economic services. Agriculture and
agriculture-related activities Industry Transport Communication
Energy Science and technology Rural development services are called
economic services
4. Example: income tax, import export tax, etc.
5. The following are direct taxes. Income tax, company tax, wealth tax, other
taxes.
6.The government imposes higher rate of taxes on higher income groups and
lower rate of taxes on low-income groups. This policy used by the government in
taxation is called Progressive Taxation.

IV.
Personal Finance Public Finance

1.Related to the income expenditure of an Related to the income expenditure of the

individual or family government
2. Expenditure is made according to income Revenue is earned according to
expenditure
3. Will be kept confidential Will be publicized

2. Non-tax revenue sources

• Net profit earned by RBI
• Net profit earned by Indian Railways
• Revenue earned from postal and telephone services
• Revenue earned by public undertakings
• Revenue earned from coinage and minting
• Various types of fees and penalties
3 Direct taxes. Indirect taxes.

The person who is taxed should pay the tax The person who is taxed does not pay the tax
The tax burden cannot be transferred The tax burden can be transferred
3. It is levied on income and wealth Tax is levied on goods and services

4
• Reflects the development of the country
• Allocates the country's resources fairly among the productive sectors
• Maximizes production
• Brings peace in the country
• Provides welfare to the citizens
• Increases capital
• Ensures balanced development

5 The following expenses are made in the plan expenditure

• Expenditure on economic services
• Agricultural development expenditure
• Industrial development expenditure
• Transport and communication development expenditure
• Energy expenditure
• Rural development expenditure
• Expenditure on social services
• Expenditure on education
• Expenditure on health
• Expenditure on basic amenities
• Expenditure on general services
• Expenditure on maintaining peace and order in the country

BUSINESS STUDIES
Chapter- 1
Banking
Model Answers
1. B) Banco
2. A) Reserve Bank of India
3. A) Savings Account
4. B) Recurring Deposit Account
5. A) Postal Department
6. A) Current Account
7. A) Current Account
II
1. Reserve Bank
2.Provide safe deposit locker services
3. Automated Teller Machine
4. “Banque”
5. Reserve Bank of India
III.
1.

2.
India

3.

uing debit cards & credit cards.

4.
tional Savings Certificates.

5.

osal application form.

6.

ommon.

e accounts.
7.

tions open an account.

 Chapter-2
Entrepreneurship

Model Answers
I.

2. in business.
3.

5.
II.

losses

-oriented
-confidence
-making

9.

the factors.
 jobs.

untry's export trade.

11

beauty parlours
12.

India

13..

tries Service Corporation

14

rprise development programme.

-employment.

e in exporting goods.

Chapter 3
Consumer Education and Protection
Model Answers
1. D) March 15
2. A) District Commission
3. A) Consumer
4. With the development of information technology, today we can buy things sitting at
home, this is called `teleshopping'.
5. Protecting consumers from exploitation by manufacturers and traders.
6. Ministers of the Consumer Welfare Department of the Central Government.
7. State Government
8. 1986
9.
• The gap between consumers and suppliers has largely disappeared, and direct
transactions between them have ceased.
• The prices that should have been decided by producers and consumers together
began to be decided by intermediaries.
• This caused difficulties, losses and problems for consumers.
10.
• ``The Consumer Protection Act gives first priority to safety and quality.
 • ``Preventing the manufacture and sale of dangerous goods. Preventing unfair
business practices
• that may occur in the market.
• Monitoring quality, measure, weight, price, etc. To provide appropriate redress to
consumers if
• they are harmed by the goods or services they purchase.
• To create awareness among the people through consumer education.
11. US President John F. Kennedy signed the Consumer Protection Act on March 15,
1962, granting these rights to the citizens of his country.
12.
• The right to be protected against the sale of goods that are considered dangerous
to the life and interests of consumers.
• The right to be informed
• The right to choose the goods
• The right to be heard about the goods
• The right to seek redress against exploitation
• The right to consumer education:
• The right against fraud or deception.
13. Complaints should be handwritten or typed.
• The name, address and telephone number of the complainant should be correctly
mentioned in this information.
• The trader or supplier against whom the complaint is being made should be
mentioned in full.
• The item from which the loss or fraud occurred
• The amount of the loss must be correctly mentioned.
• The amount of appropriate compensation for the loss and the relevant receipt or
bill must be attached.
• There is no fee or registration fee for the complaint.
• The consumer himself can argue his complaint directly before the President, no
lawyer is required.
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Chapter-1
Public Administration - An Introduction
Model Answers
I.
1. Woodrow Wilson
2. Article 315
3. Used by Alexander Hamilton
4. Appointed by the President
5. Public administration is the thorough and systematic implementation of the law.
6. Recruitment is the process of selecting suitable persons for suitable positions.
7.
 Protection of life and property of the people
 Dispensation of justice
 Providing education and employment
 Supply of necessary goods
8. Direct recruitment Indirect recruitment
Direct recruitment Indirect recruitment
Selecting eligible candidates through Appointment of those already in the
competitive examinations government service to higher posts based
on their educational qualifications

9.
 Conducting competitive examinations for civil services.
 Conducting personality tests.
 Advising the government regarding promotions and transfers.
 Recommending disciplinary action against officers who have shown misconduct.
10.
 Central Reserve Force,
 Border Security Force
  Railway Protection Force
 Central Industrial Security Force
11.
 Efficient police system
 Law
 Strict punishment for violators
 Effective supervision of the Home Department
12.
 Pillar of government
 Protection of public interest
 Implementation of laws and policies
 Social responsibility
 Assistance to the legislature and the executive
13.
 Planning
 Organizing
 Supply of personnel
 Directing
 Coordinating
 Reporting
 Budgeting
Chapter-2
Challenges of India and their Remedies
Model Answers
1. 2005
2. Fatima Beeby
3. Regionalism in different regions within a state is called sub-regionalism.
4. The act of secretly importing and sending goods from foreign countries without paying
any import and export duties to the government is called smuggling.
5. Individuals from a community who are physically or mentally opposed to their genitals
are called gender minorities.
6. Lokpal and Lokayukta.
7. The deep-rooted pride that a particular community has for the region in which they live
is called regionalism.
8. The division of society on the basis of religion and the identification and development
of mutual enmity on that basis is called communalism.
9. Inciting illegal actions through bribery or any other means is called corruption.
10. The state in which people are unable to meet their minimum needs is called poverty.
11. The attitude of making profits by collecting financial money from legitimate users is
called profiteering.
12.
 The family cannot be separated from the community and the village.
• Comprehensive Housing Scheme
• Formation of National Council
• Garima Griha
• National Portal for Transgenders
• Smile Scheme
13.
 Opening up for unwanted economic activities
• Harm to the country's industry and market
• Harmful to national interest
• Increase in economic crimes
14.
 Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
• National Rural Livelihood Mission
• National Urban Livelihood Mission
• National Food Security Act
15.
 Increase in economic equality
• Increase in crimes
• Creation of black money
• Inflation
• Increase in poverty
16.
 National Literacy Mission
 • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (2001)
• Free and Compulsory Education
• Right to Education Act (2009)
• Literate India Programme (2009)
• Samagra Shiksha Programme (2018)
• New India Literacy Programme
17.
 Tax evasion
 Illegal hoarding
 Creation of artificial scarcity
 Smuggling
 Financial fraud
 Fraud
 Foreign exchange violation
 Occupational fraud
18.
 Anti-social
 Illegal
 The arch enemy of good governance
 Political corruption is the cause of crimes
 Harm to the social, economic and political system of the country
19.
 Political administrative will
 Public cooperation
 Good political leadership
 Strengthening of Lokpal and Lokayukta
 Very severe punishment
20.
 Good economic reforms
 Planned financial management
 Progressive taxation system
 Development of cottage industries
 Elimination of unequal distribution of national income
  Land reforms
 Pro-labor policies
21.
 Unemployment
 Illiteracy
 Poverty
 Health problems
 Lack of basic amenities
22.
 Price control
 Check price indices
 Expansion of cooperative markets
 Proper tax policy
 Taking measures to prevent shortage of goods in the domestic market.
23.
 Uniform Civil Code
• Strengthening secularism
• Emphasis on inter-religious harmony
• Emphasis on national thinking
• Implementation of a systematic legal system
• Awareness about communal harmony
24.
 Literacy
• Technical education
• Industrial development
• Agricultural development
• Increase in exports
• Development of small and cottage industries
• Creation of additional employment opportunities
25.
 Supply of substitute goods within the country
• Price control
• Proper import and export policy
 • Good foreign trade policy
• Strict operation of the Coastal Patrol Force
• Strict punishment for economic crimes
26.
 Formation of the Department of Women and Child Welfare
• Reservation in education and employment
• Establishment of Women's Commissions
• Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act (2005)
• Prohibition of Sexual Harassment Act
• 50% reservation for women in local bodies
• Women's helpline 1091
• 33% reservation for women in Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies
Chapter -3
India's Foreign Policy and Global Challenges
Model Answers
I
1. “Father of India’s Foreign Policy”
B) Jawaharlal Nehru
2. The day the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
C) December 10, 1948
3. The first person to use the term “Third World”
D) Alfred Savage
4 India’s policy of remaining neutral without joining the blocks led by America and
Russia is called
C) Non-alignment policy
5. A country that has adopted the policy of non-alignment in its foreign policy
D) India
6. The day celebrated as Human Rights Day
A) December 10
7. The main objective of the French Revolution of 1789
B) Protection of human rights
8. India promotes disarmament. Because?
C) India is a peace-loving country
9. In 1954, India signed the Panchsheel Principles with India. (September 2021)
A) China
II. Answer each of the following questions in one sentence.
10. Foreign policy is the policy followed by a country in its dealings with other countries.
11. Disarmament is the direct process of reducing or completely giving up certain or all
weapons.
12. Human rights are humane, just and social conditions conducive to the development of
an individual's personality.
13. Terrorism is a political strategy aimed at creating an atmosphere of fear and achieving
the objectives of extremist organizations.
III. Answer each of the following questions in two to four sentences.
14. The general determinants of India's foreign policy are:
• Unity and sovereignty of the nation.
• Interdependence.
• Protection and development of national interests.
• Provocative factors.
15. Stages of development of India's foreign policy:
• Jawaharlal Nehru's idealistic stage (1947-1959)
• Strategic realist stage (1959-1991).
• Economic Experimental Phase (since 1991)
16. Global Struggles for the Protection of Human Rights
• 1776 American War of Independence.
• 1789 French Revolution,
• 19 17 Russian Revolution,
• 20th Century Indian and Other Countries' Struggle for Independence,
17. Global Agreements for the Achievement of Disarmament:
• SALT (Strengthening Arms Control Treaty),
• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT),
• Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT),
• Fugitive Substances Ban Treaty, Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)
18. Major Issues Faced After World War II:
• Violation of Human Rights Arms race.
• Economic inequality
• Terrorism
19. Important features of economically backward countries under colonial rule:
• The countries that were under this imperialism were economically very backward.
• After independence, these countries tried to develop. But the economic hindrance
to progress in all fields like agriculture, industry, transport and communication,
science, education, health etc.
20. Effects of terrorism:
• It leads to the use of explosives, poison gas to cause maximum casualties.
• Use of sophisticated transport, communication devices.
• Road transport, railways, aircraft, important government offices, crowded places,
market areas etc. are the common places where these terrorists get hit.
• Suicide attacks, hijackings, gun battles, bombings, taking hostages of specific or
innocent people are all heinous acts committed by terrorists.
IV. Answer the following questions in six sentences each.
21. Basic principles of India's foreign policy.
• Opposition to colonialism.
• Opposition to imperialism.
• Opposition to apartheid.
• Non-alignment.
• Support for disarmament.
• Support for the United Nations and world peace.
22. Steps taken by India to protect human rights
• India has consistently advocated universal human rights.
• India has also included fundamental rights in its constitution.
• The UN General Assembly has also advocated that human rights should be
protected worldwide.
• India opposes genocide, all forms of exploitation and oppression.
• India is trying to protect human rights through the UN and other global forums.
• Establishment of national and state human rights commissions
23. Arms race: Adverse effects:
• Arms race is seen as a terrible phenomenon.
• Fear, instability,
• The possibility of war arises worldwide.
• It hinders the establishment of world peace.
• It is also considered an unnecessary loss economically.
 • According to Eisenhower. ‘This world with weapons is not only a waste of
money; Instead, it wastes the sweat of workers, the intelligence of scientists and
the aspirations of children.
24. Steps taken by India to meet the challenge of terrorism
• Establishment of the National Investigation Agency (NIA).
• Formation of special task forces.
• Strong opposition to terrorism globally
• Anti-Terrorism Squads (ATS) by state governments.
• Intelligence Bureau (IB) and RAW.
• Establishment and strengthening of intelligence units.
Chapter-4
Global Organizations
I. Model Answers
1. B) 1945
2 A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
3.D) New York
4.C) Security Council
5. A) The Hague
6. B) 194
7.D) UNICEF
8. C) Kathmandu
9. B) The outbreak of World War II
10. C) General Assembly
11. D) 5
12. D) Geneva
II.
13. The last territory to become independent under the administration of the Trusteeship
Council was the Republic of Palau.
14. The headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization is in Rome, Italy.
15. UNICEF is an organization established after World War II for the welfare of children.
16. The IMF is called the central bank of the central banks of the countries.
17. The Commonwealth of Nations has 56 member countries.
18. The “SAARC” organization was established in 1985.
19. The headquarters of the European Union is in Brussels, Belgium.
20. The Organization of African Unity was established in 1963.
21. The scope of work of the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations has reduced
because the number of trust territories has reduced. And there is no charity left.
22. The money earned from the sale of greeting cards is used for the well-being of
children. UNICEF is working for the development of children.

III.
23. The important world leaders who played a major role in the establishment of the
World Organization:
• Winston Churchill of England,
• Joseph Stalin of Russia
• Franklin D. Roosevelt of America
24. The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are:
• United States of America, Russia, United Kingdom, France and China.
25. Achievements of the World Health Organization:
• This World Health Organization is trying to completely eliminate diseases like
cholera, plague, malaria, smallpox, and COVID-19.
• Similarly, it tries to free the world from terrible diseases like AIDS and cancer.
• This organization has succeeded in completely eliminating smallpox.
• Issues like population explosion, environmental protection, hunger, malnutrition
are on the agenda of this organization.
26. Objectives of the Food and Agriculture Organization:
• Development of the agricultural sector
• Provision of nutritious food
• Liberation of the global population from hunger and
• Improvement of the living standards of people in rural areas.
27. Functions of the IBRD:
• This bank was established for economic recovery after the Second World War.
• This bank provides huge amounts of loans to all member countries for the development
of agriculture, industry, transport and communication.
• It helps in the balance of world trade and foreign exchange payments.
• This bank provides the greatest assistance to the economic development of all
developing countries.
28. The institutions of the European Union are:
• European Council,
• European Commission,
• European Parliament,
• European Court of Justice.
• European Central Bank

29. Role of IMF in solving world economic problems

• It tries to solve international economic problems.
• It helps in the growth of world trade, financial stability and maintaining a good
balance of foreign payments.
• It is composed of a Board of Governors, a Board of Executive Directors and a
Managing Director.
• It can be called a central bank for the central banks of different countries.
• It plays a complementary role in fostering mutual relations between economically
advanced and backward countries.
IV.
30. The member bodies of the United Nations are:
• General Assembly.
• Security Council
• Economic and Social Committee.
• Trust Fund.
• International Court of Justice.
• Secretariat.
31. The objectives of the United Nations are:
• To maintain international peace and security;
• To develop mutual understanding among nations,
• To promote faith in fundamental human rights,
• To find cooperative solutions to international economic, social, cultural and
humanitarian problems.
• To ensure the observance of international law and the terms of international
agreements.
• To act as a centre of mutual understanding among nations.
32. Functions of the Economic and Social Council:
• Study report on international economic, social, cultural, educational, health issues.
• Issues such as refugees, the status of women, housing problems are within the
scope of the committee.
• Recommendations on human rights and fundamental freedoms.
• International conferences on issues such as human resources, culture, education.
• Coordination of the work of the International Labour Organization (ILO), the
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Health Organization (WHO)
etc.
33. Functions of UNESCO:
• United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
• (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) :
• Established in 1946
• Headquartered in Paris.
• Promotion of science, education, culture etc. worldwide.
• Working on technical education, media technology, creative thinking, cultural
issues, environmental science.
• Assisting governmental and non-governmental organizations in the field of
education and knowledge dissemination throughout the world.
V.
34. Structure and Functions of the General Assembly:
Structure:
• All member states, 5 members from each member state.
• But each member state has only one vote
• Elects a President. Similarly, 17 Vice-Presidents and 7 Chairmen for the 7
Standing Committees.
Functions:
• Session from September to December.
• Special session if any urgent matters need to be discussed.
• Major decisions require the approval of 2/3 of the members present.
• The annual budget has to be approved by this general meeting.
• It plays a leading role in the discussion of all major events in the world.
35. Structure and Functions of the Security Council
Structure:
• It has 15 members, out of which the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom,
France and China are permanent members.
• The remaining 10 non-permanent members are elected by the General Assembly
for a period of 2 years.
• Each member has the right to vote.
• But the consent of all permanent members is necessary for every decision.
• Functions:
• Efforts for peaceful solutions to global problems.
• Deployment of United Nations peacekeeping forces for international peace and
order.
• Appointment of judges of the International Court of Justice.
• The name refers to the candidacy of the Secretary-General of the United Nations.
36. Achievements of the United Nations:
• Resolved political conflicts.
• Continuous efforts towards disarmament.
• Solution of international trade problems.
• Efforts to eradicate deadly diseases.
• Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
• Efforts to implement human rights worldwide.
• Elimination of apartheid.
• Eliminated imperialism and colonialism.
• Striving to prevent global warming.
37. Structure and objectives of the Commonwealth of Nations.
Structure:
• Previously called the “British Commonwealth of Nations”.
• This organization was established in 1926,
• Many independent countries, including India, voluntarily continued its
membership.
• It is symbolically represented by the seniority of the British monarch.
• Currently, there are 56 member countries in this Commonwealth organization.
• Its headquarters is in London, Britain.
 • The Prime Ministers, Finance Ministers, and Foreign Ministers of the member
countries participate in its activities.
Objectives:
• Upholding democracy, protecting freedom, eradicating poverty, establishing world
peace, developing sports, science, and art, and enhancing relations are the main
objectives of this organization.
• This organization strengthens the alliance between member countries.