Basic Computer
Networking
By Milkias Tesfaye
June 2015
What Is Network ?
Computer network Is a collection of computing
devices that are connected in various ways in
order to communicate and share resources
These Devices usually connect using cables
(Wired) or without cables using Infra-red signals
and radio waves (Wireless)
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Types of Networks
There are various types of networks
●Based on transmission media: Wired (UTP,
coaxial cables, fibre-optic cables) and Wireless
●Based on network size: LAN and WAN (and MAN)
●Based on management method: Peer-to-peer and
Client/Server
●Based on topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring
and etc.
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LAN and WAN
Local Area Network (LAN)
●Small network, short distance
● A room, a floor, a building
● Limited by no. of computers and distance covered
● Usually one kind of technology throughout the LAN
● Serve a department within an organization
Examples:
● Network inside the Student Computer Room
● Network inside your home
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LAN and WANAuditory
Wide Area Network (WAN)
●A network that uses long-range telecommunication
links to connect 2 or more LANs/computers housed in
different places far apart.
● Towns, states, countries
●Examples:
● Internet
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Network Topologies
Is an arrangement of the various elements (links,
nodes, etc.) of a computer network.
●Physical topology is the placement of the various
components of a network, including device location
and cable installation.
●logical topology illustrates how data flows within a
network, regardless of its physical design.
●Distances between nodes, physical interconnections,
transmission rates, or signal types may differ between
two networks, yet their topologies may be identical.
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Ring Topology
●Ring topology A configuration that connects all
nodes in a closed loop on which messages travel in
one direction
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Star Topology
Star topology A configuration that centres around
one node to which all others are connected and
through which all messages are sent
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Bus Topology
Bus topology All nodes are connected to a single
communication line that carries messages in both
directions
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Mesh Topology
Mesh topology is a communication network in which
each of the nodes is connected to each other. A fully
connected network doesn't need to use switching or
broadcasting.
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Tree Topology
Tree topology A tree topology is essentially a
combination of bus topology and star topology. The
nodes of bus topology are replaced with standalone
star topology networks.
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Hybrid Topology
Hybrid topology use a combination of any two or
more topologies, in such a way that the resulting
network does not exhibit one of the standard
topologies (e.g., bus, star, ring, etc.).
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Equipments
In this section we only use twisted pair cables.
-the type of cable used in LAN is Unshielded
twisted pair (UTP)
- UTP cables are found in many Ethernet networks
and telephone systems.
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Equipments
-A typical subset of these colours (white/blue,
blue/white, white/orange, orange/white) shows up in
most UTP cables.
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LAN Networking
-Category 1 - telephone cable. susceptible to
interference and attenuation and low bandwidth
capability, not practical for network applications.
-Category 2 - capable of transmitting data up to 4Mbps.
Still too slow for networks.
-Category 3 - capable of transmitting data up to
10Mbps. A few years ago, Category 3 was the cable of
choice for twisted-pair networks.
-Category 4 - has potential data throughput of 16Mbps.
often implemented in the IBM Token Ring networks.
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LAN Networking
-Category 5 - capable of transmitting data at 100Mbps.
the cable of choice on twisted-pair networks and is
associated with Fast Ethernet technologies.
-Category 5e - used on networks that run at up to
1000Mbps. can be used up to 350 meters, depending
on the implementation.
-Category 6 - High performance UTP cable capable of
transmitting data at over 1000Mbps. is rated up to 550
meters depending on the implementation. marginally
more expensive than Category 5e cable.
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Other Equipments
● Crimper
● Tester
● Cutter
● RJ45
● Puncher
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Networking
● We simply do two major Tasks here.
● CABLING (Physical)
– Punching the cable with wall outlet.
– Crimping the cable with RJ45
● IP ADDRESSING (Logical)
– Static
– Automatic (DHCP)
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2 types of Cabling
● Straight through:
– Connects different devices.
– PC to Switch, PC to Hub,
– (WO,O,WG,B,WB,G,WBr,Br)
● Cross over
– Connects same devices
– PC to PC, switch to switch.
– (WG,G,WO,B,WB,O,WBr,Br)
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Thank You
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