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Templates in CPP Notes

C++ templates enable the creation of generic and reusable code for functions and classes that can operate with any data type. Function templates allow for the definition of functions that work with various data types, while class templates create generic classes. The Standard Template Library (STL) provides pre-written generic classes and functions for data structures and algorithms.

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12 views4 pages

Templates in CPP Notes

C++ templates enable the creation of generic and reusable code for functions and classes that can operate with any data type. Function templates allow for the definition of functions that work with various data types, while class templates create generic classes. The Standard Template Library (STL) provides pre-written generic classes and functions for data structures and algorithms.

Uploaded by

MD Waseem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Templates in C++

Templates in C++ allow you to write generic and reusable code.


You can define a function or class that works with any data type,
and the compiler will generate the appropriate code based on the
data types you use.

1. Function Templates
Function templates allow a function to work with different data
types without rewriting the entire code.

Syntax:

template <typename T>


T functionName(T arg1, T arg2) {
// Code here
}

Example: Function to find the maximum of two numbers

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <typename T>


T findMax(T a, T b) {
return (a > b) ? a : b;
}

int main() {
cout << "Max of 4 and 7 is: " << findMax(4, 7) << endl;
cout << "Max of 3.5 and 2.1 is: " << findMax(3.5, 2.1) << endl;
cout << "Max of 'a' and 'z' is: " << findMax('a', 'z') << endl;
return 0;
}

2. Class Templates
Class templates help create generic classes that can handle
multiple data types.

Syntax:

template <class T>


class ClassName {
T data;
public:
ClassName(T val) {
data = val;
}
void display() {
cout << "Value: " << data << endl;
}
};

Example: Class to store and display any data type

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

template <class T>


class Box {
T value;
public:
Box(T val) {
value = val;
}
void show() {
cout << "Value is: " << value << endl;
}
};

int main() {
Box<int> intBox(10);
Box<string> strBox("Hello Template");

intBox.show();
strBox.show();

return 0;
}

3. Standard Template Library (STL)


STL is a collection of pre-written generic classes and functions
for handling data structures and algorithms.

Major STL Components:

- Containers → Store data (e.g., vector, list, map)

- Algorithms → Functions (e.g., sort(), count(), find())

- Iterators → Pointers to elements in containers


Example: vector - dynamic array

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

int main() {
vector<int> nums = {1, 2, 3};
nums.push_back(4);
for (int i : nums) {
cout << i << " ";
}
return 0;
}

Example: map - key-value pairs

#include <iostream>
#include <map>
using namespace std;

int main() {
map<string, int> age;
age["Alice"] = 23;
age["Bob"] = 30;
for (auto p : age) {
cout << p.first << ": " << p.second << endl;
}
return 0;
}

Example: STL Algorithms

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

int main() {
vector<int> v = {5, 2, 9, 1};
sort(v.begin(), v.end());
cout << "Sorted: ";
for (int x : v) cout << x << " ";
cout << "\nMax: " << *max_element(v.begin(), v.end());
return 0;
}
Summary
Function Template → Generic function for multiple data types

Class Template → Generic class for multiple data types

STL → Library with ready-made generic structures

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