SUBJECT: SCIENCE
CROP PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT
1. Select the correct word from the following list and fill in the blanks.
(a) The same kind of plants grown and cultivated on a large scale at a place is called
the crop.
(b) The first step before growing crops is the preparation of the soil.
(c) Damaged seeds would float on top of the water.
(d) For growing a crop, sufficient sunlight and water and nutrients from the soil are
essential.
2. Match items in column A with those in column B.
(i) Kharif crops. (e) Paddy and maize.
(ii) Rabi crops. (d) Wheat, gram, pea.
(iii) Chemical fertilisers. (b) Urea and superphosphate.
(iv) Organic manure. (c) Animal excreta, cow dung urine and plant wastes.
3. Give two examples of each.
Kharif crops- Paddy and maize
Rabi crops- Wheat and Pea
4. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil:- Preparation of the soil is the first step in agriculture. Preparation
of the soil is done to loosen the soil, which is essential for the root penetration into the
soil. This allows the roots to breathe easily. Loosening of the soil allows the growth of
earthworms and microorganisms, which will help to keep the soil fertile. Loosening of
soil also brings nutrient-rich soil to the top layer, which is essential for the growth of
plants.
(b) Sowing- Sowing is an important process in crop production. First, healthy seeds are
selected before sowing. After selecting healthy seeds sowing is done by either traditional
methods or by using seed drill. The seeds should be sown at proper depth and distance.
(c) Weeding- Removal of unnecessary plants from the field is called weeding. Weeds
compete with crop plants for nutrients and water. This will reduce the yield of the desired
crops. Tilling is a common method which helps removal of weeds before sowing crops,
manual methods like physical removal of plants are used to remove weeds. Weedicides
are sprayed to get rid of weeds, but this method may affect the health of farmers because
of exposure to chemicals.
(d) Threshing- Process of separating the grains from chaff is known as threshing.
Threshing is carried by a machine called ‘combine’ which is a harvester as well as a
thresher.
5. Explain how fertilisers are different from manure.
Soln:
Fertilizers Manure
Fertilizer is an inorganic substance. Manure is an organic substance.
Fertilizers are prepared artificially. Manure is obtained by decomposition of animal, plant and
human waste.
Prepared in factories. Prepared in fields.
Does not provide Humus to the soil. Provide humus to the soil.
Rich in plant nutrients. Relatively less plant nutrients.
Long term usage has adverse Long term usage improves soil fertility.
effects on soil.
6. What is irrigation? Describe two methods of irrigation which conserve water.
The supply of water to crops at regular intervals is called irrigation. Methods of irrigation
which conserve water are
a) Drip Irrigation: Here the water goes drop by drop directly into the roots this method is
very useful as it conserves the water and also helps in avoiding weeds.
b) Sprinkler system: This method is used in mainly uneven land where sufficient water is
not available. The perpendicular pipes, having rotating nozzles on top, are joined to the
main pipeline. When water is allowed to flow through the main pipe under pressure with
the help of a pump, it escapes from the rotating nozzles. It gets sprinkled on the crop.
7. If wheat is sown in the Kharif season, what would happen? Discuss.
Wheat crops may get destroyed if sown in Kharif season because of unfavourable
temperature, pests and adaptable conditions for the plants to grow. Kharif crops are
grown during the rainy season, hence it is not a wise idea to grow wheat in Kharif
season.
8. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Plants require nutrients for their growth. Without optimum nutrients plants will die.
Continuous plantation of crops results in depletion of certain nutrients like Nitrogen,
Phosphorus, Potassium (NPK) etc. This results in the decrease of yield due to loss of
nutrients hence there should be a gap between crops in order to get a good yield.
9. What are weeds? How can we control them?
In a field many other undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These
undesirable plants are called weeds.
Weeds can be controlled by methods called weeding. Tilling before sowing of crops
helps in uprooting and killing of weeds, which may then dry up and get mixed with the
soil. Weeds are also controlled by using certain chemicals, called weedicides.
10. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop
production.
11. Complete the following word puzzle with the help of clues given below. Text book
Down
1. Providing water to the crops.
2. Keeping crop grains for a long time under proper conditions.
5. Certain plants of the same kind grown on a large scale.
Across
3. A machine used for cutting the matured crop.
4. A rabi crop that is also one of the pulses.
6. A process of separating the grain from chaff.
