Class 10 IT (402) - Detailed Notes on Database Management System
✍️ Topic 1: Introduction to Database
1. What is Data?\ Data refers to raw facts and figures that have no meaning by themselves. For
example, 45, "Ravi", or "12th July" are just pieces of data.
2. What is a Database?\ A Database is an organized collection of data that allows for easy access,
retrieval, management, and updating of that data. Databases help avoid redundancy and ensure data
consistency.
3. What is DBMS?\ DBMS stands for Database Management System. It is software that helps create,
store, modify, and retrieve data from a database.
Examples of DBMS:
• LibreOffice Base
• MySQL
• Oracle
• MS Access
4. Advantages of Using DBMS:
• Reduces data redundancy
• Ensures data consistency
• Easier data sharing and retrieval
• Better data security
5. Basic Database Terms:
• Field: A column in a table (e.g., Name, Age)
• Record: A row in a table (e.g., Ravi, 16)
• Table: A group of related data arranged in rows and columns
• Primary Key: A field that uniquely identifies a record
📃 Topic 2: Creating Database and Tables
1. Creating a New Database in LibreOffice Base:
• Step 1: Open LibreOffice Base
• Step 2: Choose "Create a new database"
• Step 3: Click Next > Yes (register) > Finish
• Step 4: Save with .odb extension
2. Creating a Table in Design View:
• Go to Tables > Create Table in Design View
• Define Field Names (e.g., Name, Age)
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• Select appropriate Data Types (Text, Number, Date/Time)
• Right-click a field to set as Primary Key
• Save the table with a suitable name
3. Common Data Types:
Data Type Description
Text For alphabets and numbers
Number For numeric values
Date/Time For dates and time
Boolean For true/false or yes/no values
4. Naming Rules for Tables and Fields:
• Must begin with a letter
• No spaces (use underscore _ if needed)
• Avoid special characters
⚙️ Topic 3: Operating on Database
1. Data Entry:
• Open your table in Data View (double-click the table)
• Type your data into the fields
2. Editing Data:
• Click the record you want to change
• Modify the data directly in the cell
3. Deleting a Record:
• Click the gray box at the beginning of the row
• Press Delete key on keyboard
4. Sorting Records:
• Right-click on a field name > Choose "Sort Ascending" or "Sort Descending"
5. Filtering Records:
• Go to Records > Apply Filter
• Set criteria (e.g., Age > 15)
• Only matching records will be shown
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📈 Topic 4: Queries in Base and SQL
1. What is a Query? A Query is a way to extract and display specific data from one or more tables
based on conditions.
2. Creating Query in Design View:
• Click on Queries > Create Query in Design View
• Add your table
• Choose fields to display
• Set criteria (e.g., Marks > 80)
• Click the Run (green triangle) button to execute
3. SQL (Structured Query Language): Used to write commands to communicate with the database
Basic SQL Commands:
SELECT * FROM Students;
SELECT Name, Marks FROM Students WHERE Marks > 80;
SELECT Name FROM Students WHERE Class = '10';
4. Comparison of Views:
Design View SQL View
Visual interface Typing SQL commands
Easy for beginners Preferred by coders
📄 Topic 5: Forms and Reports in Database
1. What is a Form? A Form is a user-friendly interface for entering, editing, and viewing data in a table.
Steps to Create a Form:
• Click on Forms > Use Wizard to Create Form
• Select the table and fields
• Choose layout and style
• Finish and use the form
2. What is a Report? A Report presents the data in a printable, formatted manner for analysis or
sharing.
Steps to Create a Report:
• Go to Reports > Use Wizard to Create Report
• Select the table and fields
• Set grouping/sorting if needed
• Choose layout > Finish
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3. Difference between Forms and Reports:
Forms Reports
Used for data entry/editing Used for presentation/printing
Interactive Static
These notes are detailed enough for full exam preparation. Read once, and you’ll understand everything
with clarity. Practice a few examples, and you’ll score SENTEM (centum) easily!
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